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1,500 | In primary school students start with single digit arithmetic exercises. Later most exercises involve at least two digits. A common exercise in elementary algebra calls for factorization of polynomials. | Mathematical exercise | 0.841605 |
1,501 | On the other hand, the latter notation is coherent with the fact that the prime factorization of a positive integer is a uniquely defined multiset, as asserted by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Also, a monomial is a multiset of indeterminates; for example, the monomial x3y2 corresponds to the multiset {x, x, x,... | Multiset | 0.841602 |
1,502 | Any mechanical process encounters limitations modeled by Newtonian physics. The behavior of disk drives provides an example of mechanical latency. Here, it is the time seek time for the actuator arm to be positioned above the appropriate track and then rotational latency for the data encoded on a platter to rotate from... | Latency (engineering) | 0.841601 |
1,503 | In addition to product development and production, CST is also involved in the development of new technologies for signaling analysis as well as mechanistic cell biology research, particularly in the field of cancer research. CST curates and maintains PhosphoSitePlus, a web-based bioinformatics resource that details po... | Cell Signaling Technology | 0.841601 |
1,504 | FX is a special category designed for most passionate students, who aspire to become professional researchers. The problems often involve advanced mathematical methods, such as differentiation or integration, and concepts from undergraduate physics curricula, and require intense self-study prior to submission. The part... | Physics Correspondence Seminar | 0.841594 |
1,505 | There are several semantic labelling types which utilises machine learning techniques. These techniques can be categorised following the work of Flach as follows: geometric (using lines and planes, such as Support-vector machine, Linear regression), probabilistic (e.g., Conditional random field), logical (e.g., Decisio... | Semantic annotation | 0.841593 |
1,506 | The inequality representation requires n2 inequalities and 2(n − 1) equations, but the vector representation requires n! vectors (see the Birkhoff-von Neumann Theorem). | Cone (linear algebra) | 0.841592 |
1,507 | The concept of NP-completeness was introduced in 1971 (see Cook–Levin theorem), though the term NP-complete was introduced later. At the 1971 STOC conference, there was a fierce debate between the computer scientists about whether NP-complete problems could be solved in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine... | NP completeness | 0.841588 |
1,508 | GRE Subject Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology was a standardized exam provided by ETS (Educational Testing Service) that was discontinued in December 2016. It is a paper-based exam and there are no computer-based versions of it. ETS places this exam three times per year: once in April, once in October and once i... | GRE Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test | 0.841587 |
1,509 | A mathematical statement amounts to a proposition or assertion of some mathematical fact, formula, or construction. Such statements include axioms and the theorems that may be proved from them, conjectures that may be unproven or even unprovable, and also algorithms for computing the answers to questions that can be ex... | Lists of mathematics topics | 0.841583 |
1,510 | When an electric field is applied across a semiconductor material, a current is produced due to the flow of charge carriers. DuctilityIs a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.841576 |
1,511 | For each patient, it includes various personal and demographic details such as gender, age, country of origin, genomic sequencing of HIV found in the patient's blood, records of the drugs prescribed, and the changes in the amount of virus in the blood following these treatments. This data was used to train an array of ... | EuResist | 0.841566 |
1,512 | Let G and H be groups, let P = G × H, and consider the following two subsets of P: G′ = { (g, 1): g ∈ G } and H′ = { (1, h): h ∈ H }.Both of these are in fact subgroups of P, the first being isomorphic to G, and the second being isomorphic to H. If we identify these with G and H, respectively, then we can think of the ... | Direct product (group theory) | 0.841566 |
1,513 | Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%). Probability distributionIn pr... | Glossary of engineering: M–Z | 0.841558 |
1,514 | A – Journal of Physical Chemistry (A, B, or C) J. Org. Chem. – Journal of Organic Chemistry Org. | ACS style | 0.841555 |
1,515 | In microbiology and planktology, a theca is a subcellular structural component out of which the frustules of diatoms and dinoflagellates are constructed. | Theca | 0.841552 |
1,516 | Denaturation can also be caused by changes in the pH which can affect the chemistry of the amino acids and their residues. The ionizable groups in amino acids are able to become ionized when changes in pH occur. A pH change to more acidic or more basic conditions can induce unfolding. Acid-induced unfolding often occur... | Enzyme denaturation | 0.84155 |
1,517 | The traditional study of plants is the science of botany. Basic biological research has often used plants as its model organisms. In genetics, the breeding of pea plants allowed Gregor Mendel to derive the basic laws governing inheritance, and examination of chromosomes in maize allowed Barbara McClintock to demonstrat... | Plant | 0.841544 |
1,518 | Quantitative psychologists generally have a main area of interest. Notable research areas in psychometrics include item response theory and computer adaptive testing, which focus on education and intelligence testing. Other research areas include modeling psychological processes through time series analysis, such as in... | Quantitative psychology | 0.841533 |
1,519 | The angular momentum problem is a problem in astrophysics identified by Leon Mestel in 1965.It was found that the angular momentum of a protoplanetary disk is misappropriated when compared to models during stellar birth. The Sun and other stars are predicted by models to be rotating considerably faster than they actual... | Angular momentum problem | 0.841529 |
1,520 | Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) A chemical compound that functions as fuel for biomolecular nanotechnology. Animat Assembler A molecular manufacturing device capable of positioning molecules through chemical reactions. Atom The smallest unit of a chemical element, about a third of a nanometer in diameter. Atomic force mic... | Glossary of nanotechnology | 0.841524 |
1,521 | In the standard vector calculus formulation, two potential functions are used: the electric scalar potential, and the magnetic vector potential. Using the tools of STA, these two objects are combined into a single vector field A {\displaystyle A} , analogous to the electromagnetic four-potential in tensor calculus. In ... | Spacetime algebra | 0.84152 |
1,522 | A charged particle, such as an ion, feels a force from an electric field. As a consequence of Earnshaw's theorem, it is not possible to confine an ion in an electrostatic field. However, physicists have various ways of working around this theorem by using combinations of static magnetic and electric fields (as in a Pen... | Ion traps | 0.841514 |
1,523 | Although not a physical constant, π appears routinely in equations describing fundamental principles of the universe, often because of π's relationship to the circle and to spherical coordinate systems. A simple formula from the field of classical mechanics gives the approximate period T of a simple pendulum of length ... | Archimedes' constant | 0.841512 |
1,524 | In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun. The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing ("Sanger sequencing") can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs. | Paired end sequencing | 0.841504 |
1,525 | It is their defined relationships that are discussed. Hilbert first enumerates the undefined concepts: point, line, plane, lying on (a relation between points and lines, points and planes, and lines and planes), betweenness, congruence of pairs of points (line segments), and congruence of angles. The axioms unify both ... | David Hilbert | 0.841496 |
1,526 | There are many problems related to the satisfiability of conjunctive normal form Boolean formulas. Decision problems: 2SAT 3SAT Optimization problems, where the goal is to maximize the number of clauses satisfied: MAX-SAT, and the corresponded weighted version Weighted MAX-SAT MAX-kSAT, where each clause has exactly k ... | MAXEkSAT | 0.841491 |
1,527 | While five points determine a conic, sets of six or more points on a conic are not in general position, that is, they are constrained as is demonstrated in Pascal's theorem. Similarly, while nine points determine a cubic, if the nine points lie on more than one cubic—i.e., they are the intersection of two cubics—then t... | Five points determine a conic | 0.841491 |
1,528 | In mathematical logic, Tarski's high school algebra problem was a question posed by Alfred Tarski. It asks whether there are identities involving addition, multiplication, and exponentiation over the positive integers that cannot be proved using eleven axioms about these operations that are taught in high-school-level ... | Tarski's high school algebra problem | 0.841491 |
1,529 | A perfect score under this system would be 150. Calculators are never allowed to be used in the competitions; the statistics division is the exception to this rule. This rule is in place for multiple reasons, the first being that modern calculators may include the ability to solve entire problems without any analyzatio... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.841487 |
1,530 | Bioinformatics also includes proteomics, which tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences.Image and signal processing allow extraction of useful results from large amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics, it aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and their obser... | Bio informatics | 0.841478 |
1,531 | Changes in quaternary structure can occur through conformational changes within individual subunits or through reorientation of the subunits relative to each other. It is through such changes, which underlie cooperativity and allostery in "multimeric" enzymes, that many proteins undergo regulation and perform their phy... | Protein multimer | 0.841475 |
1,532 | The image on the right shows an example of a quadrupole focusing in the vertical direction for a positively charged particle going into the image plane (forces above and below the center point towards the center) while defocusing in the horizontal direction (forces left and right of the center point away from the cente... | Quadrupole magnet | 0.841465 |
1,533 | Now, we shall take the differential according to x: p = y ′ = p + x p ′ + 2 p p ′ {\displaystyle p=y'=p+xp'+2pp'} which by simple algebra yields 0 = ( 2 p + x ) p ′ . {\displaystyle 0=(2p+x)p'.} This condition is solved if 2p+x=0 or if p′=0. | Singular solution | 0.841452 |
1,534 | Being a subgroup of a symmetric group, all that is necessary for a set of permutations to satisfy the group axioms and be a permutation group is that it contain the identity permutation, the inverse permutation of each permutation it contains, and be closed under composition of its permutations. A general property of f... | Degree (permutation group) | 0.841449 |
1,535 | An algebraic decision diagram (ADD) or a multi-terminal binary decision diagram (MTBDD), is a data structure that is used to symbolically represent a Boolean function whose codomain is an arbitrary finite set S. An ADD is an extension of a reduced ordered binary decision diagram, or commonly named binary decision diagr... | Algebraic decision diagram | 0.841422 |
1,536 | From 1969 to 1972, AP Physics C was a single course with a single exam that covered all standard introductory university physics topics, including mechanics, fluids, electricity and magnetism, optics, and modern physics. In 1973, the College Board split the course into AP Physics C: Mechanics and AP Physics C: Electric... | AP Physics | 0.841416 |
1,537 | Memory networks incorporate long-term memory. The long-term memory can be read and written to, with the goal of using it for prediction. These models have been applied in the context of question answering (QA) where the long-term memory effectively acts as a (dynamic) knowledge base and the output is a textual response... | Types of artificial neural networks | 0.841413 |
1,538 | This means that the specific heat of an oscillator is constant in classical mechanics and equal to k. For a collection of atoms connected by springs, a reasonable model of a solid, the total specific heat is equal to the total number of oscillators times k. There are overall three oscillators for each atom, correspondi... | Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization | 0.8414 |
1,539 | Massive multithreading, a shared address space, sophisticated memory optimizations, a productive user environment, and support for heterogeneous applications enables it to tackle an important family of problems that are more limited by effective use of memory than by processing speed. Data Supercell: A disk-based, arch... | Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center | 0.841399 |
1,540 | For choosing from a set of alternatives (instead of ranking them), Nakamura's theorem is more relevant. An interesting question is how large the Nakamura number can be. | Nakamura number | 0.841392 |
1,541 | She received her PhD in molecular biophysics in 2002 from the Rockefeller University. There, she studied with Stephen Burley, and worked with others scientists such as Günter Blobel and Rod MacKinnon. Her PhD work used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure and mechanism of the two translation initiation GTPa... | Antonina Roll-Mecak | 0.84139 |
1,542 | ABET-accredited electronics technician programs usually require at least two mathematics and physics courses besides the core competencies. Electronics technician curriculum generally consists of courses in basic electricity and electronics, including Ohm's Law, Parallel and Series Circuits, Magnetism, AC/DC Circuits, ... | Electronics technician | 0.841382 |
1,543 | Further branches crucially applying groups include algebraic geometry and number theory.In addition to the above theoretical applications, many practical applications of groups exist. Cryptography relies on the combination of the abstract group theory approach together with algorithmical knowledge obtained in computati... | Group (mathematics) | 0.841375 |
1,544 | It is a diffuse emitter: measured per unit area perpendicular to the direction, the energy is radiated isotropically, independent of direction.Real materials emit energy at a fraction—called the emissivity—of black-body energy levels. By definition, a black body in thermal equilibrium has an emissivity ε = 1. A source ... | Black-body absorption | 0.841375 |
1,545 | Suppose G is a finite group of order n, and d is a divisor of n. The number of order d elements in G is a multiple of φ(d) (possibly zero), where φ is Euler's totient function, giving the number of positive integers no larger than d and coprime to it. For example, in the case of S3, φ(3) = 2, and we have exactly two el... | Group order | 0.841366 |
1,546 | Theorem: There exists a constant L (which only depends on S and on the choice of description language) such that there does not exist a string s for which the statement K(s) ≥ L (as formalized in S)can be proven within S.Proof Idea: The proof of this result is modeled on a self-referential construction used in Berry's ... | Algorithmic complexity theory | 0.841364 |
1,547 | GeneNetwork is primarily used by researchers, but has also been adopted successfully for undergraduate and graduate courses in genetics and bioinformatics (see YouTube example), bioinformatics, physiology, and psychology. Researchers and students typically retrieve sets of genotypes and phenotypes from one or more fami... | GeneNetwork | 0.841362 |
1,548 | Julie Hall, who is in charge of the WHO's outbreak response in China, claimed that China's vaccinations might be masking the virus. The BBC reported that Wendy Barclay, a virologist at the University of Reading, UK said: "The Chinese have made a vaccine based on reverse genetics made with H5N1 antigens, and they have b... | Agricultural policy | 0.841356 |
1,549 | In astrophysics, it is convenient to measure distances in parsecs (pc), velocities in kilometres per second (km/s) and masses in solar units M⊙. In these units, the gravitational constant is: For situations where tides are important, the relevant length scales are solar radii rather than parsecs. In these units, the gr... | Gravitational field strength | 0.841354 |
1,550 | A charge-generated E-field can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar field that is a solution to Poisson's equation, and has a zero path integral. See gradient theorem. The integral equation is true for any path ∂Σ through space, and any surface Σ for which that path is a boundary. If the surface Σ is not changing i... | Faraday's induction law | 0.841348 |
1,551 | Sparse activation: For example, in a randomly initialized network, only about 50% of hidden units are activated (have a non-zero output). Better gradient propagation: Fewer vanishing gradient problems compared to sigmoidal activation functions that saturate in both directions. Efficient computation: Only comparison, ad... | Rectifier (neural networks) | 0.841346 |
1,552 | From that point onwards, different analyses may be performed, such as GE profiling splicing junction prediction, and protein-protein interaction evaluation may all be performed.Reinforcement learning, a term stemming from behavioral psychology, is a method of problem solving by learning things through trial and error. ... | Biological data | 0.84134 |
1,553 | Mathspace is an online mathematics program designed for students in primary/elementary, secondary, and higher education. It is designed for students aged between 7 and 18, and is used by schools in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and India.Mathspace uses an adaptive lear... | Mathspace | 0.841326 |
1,554 | If new data becomes available, an existing model can be validated by assessing whether the new data is predicted by the old model. If the new data is not predicted by the old model, then the model might not be valid for the researcher's goals. With this in mind, a modern approach is to validate a neural network is to t... | Model validation | 0.841318 |
1,555 | Non-constructive algorithm proofs for problems in graph theory were studied beginning in 1988 by Michael Fellows and Michael Langston.A common question in graph theory is whether a certain input graph has a certain property. For example: Input: a graph G. Question: Can G be embedded in a 3-dimensional space, such that ... | Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs | 0.841315 |
1,556 | The manuscript is a compendium of rules and illustrative examples. Each example is stated as a problem, the solution is described, and it is verified that the problem has been solved. The sample problems are in verse and the commentary is in prose associated with calculations. The problems involve arithmetic, algebra a... | Bakhshali manuscript | 0.84131 |
1,557 | Evaluated with respect to known knowledge, an uninformed (unsupervised) method will easily be outperformed by other supervised methods, while in a typical KDD task, supervised methods cannot be used due to the unavailability of training data. Machine learning also has intimate ties to optimization: many learning proble... | Applications of machine learning | 0.841288 |
1,558 | Given a data set, a classification (the output of a classifier on that set) gives two numbers: the number of positives and the number of negatives, which add up to the total size of the set. To evaluate a classifier, one compares its output to another reference classification – ideally a perfect classification, but in ... | Evaluation of binary classifiers | 0.841285 |
1,559 | In recent years, plant physiologists have examined the physiology of plant behavior and cognition. The concepts of learning and memory are relevant in identifying how plants respond to external cues, a behavior necessary for survival. Monica Gagliano, an Australian professor of evolutionary ecology, makes an argument f... | Non-associative learning | 0.841273 |
1,560 | The electrostatic potential energy, Epair, between a pair of ions of equal and opposite charge is: E pair = − z 2 e 2 4 π ϵ 0 r {\displaystyle E_{\text{pair}}=-{\frac {z^{2}e^{2}}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r}}} where z = magnitude of charge on one ion e = elementary charge, 1.6022×10−19 C ε0 = permittivity of free space 4πε0 =... | Born–Landé equation | 0.841267 |
1,561 | In reference to biochemistry, this is an important concept as far as kinetics is concerned in metalloproteins. This can allow for the rapid synthesis and degradation of substrates in biological systems. | Lability | 0.841264 |
1,562 | Systems of linear inequalities can be simplified by Fourier–Motzkin elimination.The cylindrical algebraic decomposition is an algorithm that allows testing whether a system of polynomial equations and inequalities has solutions, and, if solutions exist, describing them. The complexity of this algorithm is doubly expone... | System of inequalities | 0.841259 |
1,563 | The time and space analysis of DFS differs according to its application area. In theoretical computer science, DFS is typically used to traverse an entire graph, and takes time O ( | V | + | E | ) {\displaystyle O(|V|+|E|)} , where | V | {\displaystyle |V|} is the number of vertices and | E | {\displaystyle |E|} the nu... | Depth-first search | 0.841258 |
1,564 | In the PowerPC/Power ISA implementation, the first four bytes contain information used to identify the type of the object being referenced, and the final eight bytes are used as a virtual memory address. The remaining four bytes are unused, and would allow IBM i applications to be extended to 96-bit addressing in futur... | 128-bit computing | 0.841247 |
1,565 | Note that serial locally is the only mode that allows strictness and "optimistic" (no data access blocking) together. The following is concluded: The MuSiC TheoremIn MuSiC environments, if recoverable (transactional) data are partitioned among cores (threads), then both OCO (and implied Serializability; i.e., DOCO and ... | Commitment ordering | 0.841238 |
1,566 | Counting d electrons is a formalism. Often it is difficult or impossible to assign electrons and charge to the metal center or a ligand. For a high-oxidation-state metal center with a +4 charge or greater it is understood that the true charge separation is much smaller. But referring to the formal oxidation state and d... | D electron count | 0.841235 |
1,567 | Often, quantities are defined as the rate of change of other quantities (for example, derivatives of displacement with respect to time), or gradients of quantities, which is how they enter differential equations.Specific mathematical fields include geometry and analytical mechanics. Scientific fields include much of ph... | Explicit ordinary differential equation | 0.841231 |
1,568 | More precisely, fix a minimal normal subgroup A, which is either a π-group or a π′-group as G is π-separable. By induction there is a subgroup H of G containing A such that H/A is a Hall π-subgroup of G/A. If A is a π-group then H is a Hall π-subgroup of G. On the other hand, if A is a π′-group, then by the Schur–Zasse... | Sylow system | 0.84123 |
1,569 | Depending on the curriculum and instructor, students may receive orientation towards calculus, for instance with the introduction of the method of exhaustion and Cavalieri's principle. Algebra II has Algebra I as a prerequisite and is traditionally a high-school-level course. Course contents include inequalities, quadr... | Mathematics education in the United States | 0.841224 |
1,570 | In mathematics and group theory, the term multiplicative group refers to one of the following concepts: the group under multiplication of the invertible elements of a field, ring, or other structure for which one of its operations is referred to as multiplication. In the case of a field F, the group is (F ∖ {0}, •), wh... | Multiplicative group | 0.841223 |
1,571 | She develops novel tools to investigate the signaling dynamics of plants, including the transmission of the plant hormone auxin. Her data on auxins has been used as an example in an introductory biology textbook showing regulation of growth in plants. Nemhauser has extensively studied the model plant Arabidopsis thalia... | Jennifer Nemhauser | 0.841218 |
1,572 | A number of Nobel Prizes have been awarded for steroid research, including: 1927 (Chemistry) Heinrich Otto Wieland — Constitution of bile acids and sterols and their connection to vitamins 1928 (Chemistry) Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus — Constitution of sterols and their connection to vitamins 1939 (Chemistry) Adolf Bute... | Steroid biosynthesis | 0.841214 |
1,573 | Basic biological research has often been done with plants. In genetics, the breeding of pea plants allowed Gregor Mendel to derive the basic laws governing inheritance, and examination of chromosomes in maize allowed Barbara McClintock to demonstrate their connection to inherited traits. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana ... | Human uses of plants | 0.841212 |
1,574 | In April 2020 it was reported that researchers developed a predictive algorithm which can show in visualizations how combinations of genetic mutations can make proteins highly effective or ineffective in organisms – including for viral evolution for viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In 2021, pathogen researchers reported the de... | Pandemic prevention | 0.841197 |
1,575 | Contaminant remediation in aquifers. The decision problem is where to locate wells, and choose a pumping rate, to minimize the cost to prevent spread of a contaminant. The constraints are associated with the hydrogeological flows.Water allocation to improve wetlands. This optimization model recommends water allocation ... | Hydrological optimization | 0.841197 |
1,576 | Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration. Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell ... | List of model organisms | 0.841195 |
1,577 | Historically, early physics textbooks would model the force and torques between two magnets as due to magnetic poles repelling or attracting each other in the same manner as the Coulomb force between electric charges. At the microscopic level, this model contradicts the experimental evidence, and the pole model of magn... | Magnetic field line | 0.841195 |
1,578 | A quasigroup is a structure in which division is always possible, even without an identity element and hence inverses. In an integral domain, where not every element need have an inverse, division by a cancellative element a can still be performed on elements of the form ab or ca by left or right cancellation, respecti... | Right division | 0.84119 |
1,579 | Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The biochemistry of cell metabolism and the endocrine system has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code (DNA, RNA), prot... | History of biochemistry | 0.841183 |
1,580 | The highest possible value for the shape factor of a flywheel rotor, is K = 1 {\displaystyle K=1} , which can be achieved only by the theoretical constant-stress disc geometry. A constant-thickness disc geometry has a shape factor of K = 0.606 {\displaystyle K=0.606} , while for a rod of constant thickness the value is... | Flywheel energy storage | 0.841177 |
1,581 | In this application, the vertices of a graph represent the milestones of a project, and the edges represent tasks that must be performed between one milestone and another. Topological sorting forms the basis of linear-time algorithms for finding the critical path of the project, a sequence of milestones and tasks that ... | Dependency resolution | 0.841175 |
1,582 | But not every point (x,y,t) is a solution of g. The variables in x and the first half f of the equations get the attribute differential. The components of y and the second half g of the equations are called the algebraic variables or equations of the system. The solution of a DAE consists of two parts, first the search... | Differential algebraic equation | 0.84117 |
1,583 | A clever optimization gives a quasipolynomial time algorithm, which is polynomial time when the number of priorities is small enough (which occurs commonly in practice). Theory of trees: For decidability of MSO logic on trees (i.e. graphs that are trees), even with finiteness and modular counting quantifiers for first ... | S2S (mathematics) | 0.841161 |
1,584 | The purpose of defining a group homomorphism is to create functions that preserve the algebraic structure. An equivalent definition of group homomorphism is: The function h: G → H is a group homomorphism if whenever a ∗ b = c we have h(a) ⋅ h(b) = h(c).In other words, the group H in some sense has a similar algebraic s... | Group homomorphism | 0.84116 |
1,585 | An amidotransferase then converts the acid side chain of the glutamate to the amide, forming the correctly charged gln-tRNA-Gln. Interference with aminoacylation may be useful as an approach to treating some diseases: cancerous cells may be relatively vulnerable to disturbed aminoacylation compared to healthy cells. Th... | Transfer RNA | 0.841158 |
1,586 | Cerebras said that for the first time ever, one CS-2 system with one Cerebras wafer can train models with up to 20 billion parameters. The Cerebras CS-2 system can train multibillion-parameter natural language processing (NLP) models including GPT-3XL 1.3 billion models, GPT-J-6B, GPT-3 13B, and GPT-NeoX 20B with reduc... | Cerebras | 0.841157 |
1,587 | The above-mentioned formulae use the conventions for the definition of the electric and magnetic field used with SI units. These are the most common. However, other conventions with the same physics (i.e. forces on e.g. an electron) are possible and used. | Lorentz equation | 0.841155 |
1,588 | Maximum subarray problems arise in many fields, such as genomic sequence analysis and computer vision. Genomic sequence analysis employs maximum subarray algorithms to identify important biological segments of protein sequences. These problems include conserved segments, GC-rich regions, tandem repeats, low-complexity ... | Maximum subarray problem | 0.841151 |
1,589 | Claim: Let X {\displaystyle X} be a standard Gaussian in R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , then for any symmetric matrices Q , Q ′ {\displaystyle Q,Q'} , if X T Q X {\displaystyle X^{T}QX} and X T Q ′ X {\displaystyle X^{T}Q'X} have the same distribution, then Q , Q ′ {\displaystyle Q,Q'} have the same eigenvalues... | Cochran's theorem | 0.841146 |
1,590 | However, a possibility that the described process may have something to do with the origin of life on Earth has not been completely ruled out. Scientists have not explicitly stated what "biostructures" truly are, but it has been suggested that they probably consist of inorganic salts. Kalinenko's striking declaration t... | Bio-like structure | 0.841142 |
1,591 | Loop-invariant code which has been hoisted out of a loop is executed less often, providing a speedup. Another effect of this transformation is allowing constants to be stored in registers and not having to calculate the address and access the memory (or cache line) at each iteration. However, if too many variables are ... | Loop-invariant code motion | 0.84114 |
1,592 | An extension is algebraic if and only if its transcendence degree is 0; the empty set serves as a transcendence basis here. The field of rational functions in n variables K(x1,...,xn) (i.e. the field of fractions of the polynomial ring K) is a purely transcendental extension with transcendence degree n over K; we can f... | Transcendence degree | 0.841139 |
1,593 | Gnome sort (nicknamed stupid sort) is a variation of the insertion sort sorting algorithm that does not use nested loops. Gnome sort was originally proposed by Iranian computer scientist Hamid Sarbazi-Azad (professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Sharif University of Technology) in 2000. The sort was first cal... | Gnome sort | 0.841138 |
1,594 | TIMSS 2019 was the seventh cycle of TIMSS and reported overall achievement as well as results according to international benchmarks, by major content domains (number, algebra, and geometry in mathematics, and earth science, biology, and chemistry in science) and by cognitive domains (knowing, applying, reasoning). TIMS... | Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study | 0.841133 |
1,595 | These users only have to issue queries for data, which the database management system returns. In a large data set, data can be contained in random-access memory (RAM), which is the primary storage, or disk storage, which is secondary storage. In 2000, Padharic Smyth estimated that, using the most recent technology, da... | Hancock programming language | 0.841132 |
1,596 | The rank 1 groups are the thin groups, classified by Aschbacher, and the rank 2 ones are the notorious quasithin groups, classified by Aschbacher and Smith. These correspond roughly to groups of Lie type of ranks 1 or 2 over fields of characteristic 2. Groups of rank at least 3 are further subdivided into 3 classes by ... | Classification of finite simple groups | 0.84113 |
1,597 | This data structure can be generalized to a kinetic data structure which can return a sorted list of points in O ( n log m ) {\displaystyle O(n\log m)} time and processes O ( n 2 m ) {\displaystyle O({\frac {n^{2}}{m}})} events total, assuming pseudo algebraic trajectories, where m {\displaystyle m} is a parameter of... | Kinetic sorted list | 0.841121 |
1,598 | The Final FRCR Part A examination comprises single best answers, split into two separate papers for the purposes of delivery. Each paper contains 120 questions and examining candidates on all aspects of clinical radiology and the basic sciences of physics, anatomy and techniques.The main areas examined are: 1. Cardioth... | Royal College of Radiologists | 0.841117 |
1,599 | Direct evidence of this is an experimental procedure in molecular biology known as alanine scanning. A hypothetical "Proline World" would create a possible alternative life with the genetic code based on the proline chemical scaffold as the protein backbone. Similarly, a "Glycine World" and "Ornithine World" are also c... | Alternative biochemistry | 0.841113 |
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