id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
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2,300 | As long as one can access a reference to the data, one can access the data through it, and the data itself need not be moved. They also make sharing of data between different code areas easier; each keeps a reference to it. References can cause significant complexity in a program, partially due to the possibility of da... | Internal storage | 0.837953 |
2,301 | The simplest page table systems often maintain a frame table and a page table. The frame table holds information about which frames are mapped. In more advanced systems, the frame table can also hold information about which address space a page belongs to, statistics information, or other background information. | Page table entry | 0.837945 |
2,302 | Epigenetic research uses a wide range of molecular biological techniques to further understanding of epigenetic phenomena. These techniques include chromatin immunoprecipitation (together with its large-scale variants ChIP-on-chip and ChIP-Seq), fluorescent in situ hybridization, methylation-sensitive restriction enzym... | Epigenetic alteration | 0.837943 |
2,303 | In her textbook, Discrete Mathematics with Applications, Susanna S. Epp uses the MU puzzle to introduce the concept of recursive definitions, and begins the relevant chapter with a quote from GEB. | MU puzzle | 0.837939 |
2,304 | One particularly important experimental tool in astrochemistry is spectroscopy through the use of telescopes to measure the absorption and emission of light from molecules and atoms in various environments. By comparing astronomical observations with laboratory measurements, astrochemists can infer the elemental abunda... | Interstellar chemistry | 0.837934 |
2,305 | Equilibrium can be broadly classified as heterogeneous and homogeneous equilibrium. Homogeneous equilibrium consists of reactants and products belonging in the same phase whereas heterogeneous equilibrium comes into play for reactants and products in different phases. In the gas phase: rocket engines The industrial syn... | Chemical equilibria | 0.837934 |
2,306 | Shapley persuaded Payne to write a doctoral dissertation, and so in 1925 she became the first person to earn a PhD in astronomy from Radcliffe College of Harvard University. Her thesis title was Stellar Atmospheres; A Contribution to the Observational Study of High Temperature in the Reversing Layers of Stars.Payne was... | Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin | 0.837933 |
2,307 | Geophysics Experimental Relativity Fundamental Constants Precision measurement | James E. Faller | 0.837933 |
2,308 | One challenge in vaccine development is economic: Many of the diseases most demanding a vaccine, including HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, exist principally in poor countries. Pharmaceutical firms and biotechnology companies have little incentive to develop vaccines for these diseases because there is little revenue pot... | Delivery system | 0.837931 |
2,309 | Other mechanisms for course allocation include fair random assignment, stable matching, and optimization based mechanisms. == References == | Course allocation | 0.837928 |
2,310 | It is assumed that its superiority over earlier treatments was recognized, with the consequence that there was little interest in preserving the earlier ones, and they are now nearly all lost. Books I–IV and VI discuss plane geometry. Many results about plane figures are proved, e.g., If a triangle has two equal angles... | Foundations of geometry | 0.837926 |
2,311 | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt W... | Protein nuclear magnetic resonance | 0.837922 |
2,312 | However, the problems in Jackson do not pertain to other branches of physics, such as condensed-matter physics and biophysics. For optimal results, one must fill in the steps between equations and solve a lot of practice problems. Suggested readings and references are valuable. | Classical Electrodynamics (book) | 0.837913 |
2,313 | Variables commonly used in physics Continuity equation Constitutive equation Defining equation (physics) | Lists of physics equations | 0.837897 |
2,314 | These theorems include (Cooper 1999, p. 134): The low basis theorem: each nonempty Π 1 0 {\displaystyle \Pi _{1}^{0}} set has a member that is of low degree. The hyperimmune-free basis theorem: each nonempty Π 1 0 {\displaystyle \Pi _{1}^{0}} set has a member that is of hyperimmune-free degree. | Basis theorem (computability) | 0.837893 |
2,315 | (p 16) "Ruffini and Abel showed that equations of the fifth degree could not be solved by radicals." (p 17) (Abel–Ruffini theorem) Chapter 2 "Beyond Googol" treats infinite sets. The distinction is made between a countable set and an uncountable set. | Mathematics and the Imagination | 0.837888 |
2,316 | Measuring the orientation of planes and lineations in rocks, in combination with a compass, in structural geology. Measuring range of motion in the joints of the body Measuring the inclination angle of the pelvis. Numerous neck and back measurements require the simultaneous use of two inclinometers. | Inclinometer | 0.837888 |
2,317 | Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2241. | Claude Lemaréchal | 0.837883 |
2,318 | Numerical semigroups are commutative monoids and are also known as numerical monoids.The definition of numerical semigroup is intimately related to the problem of determining nonnegative integers that can be expressed in the form x1n1 + x2 n2 + ... + xr nr for a given set {n1, n2, ..., nr} of positive integers and for ... | Numerical monoid | 0.837882 |
2,319 | Within abstract algebra, the false nearest neighbor algorithm is an algorithm for estimating the embedding dimension. The concept was proposed by Kennel et al. (1992). The main idea is to examine how the number of neighbors of a point along a signal trajectory change with increasing embedding dimension. In too low an e... | False nearest neighbor algorithm | 0.837878 |
2,320 | The results of a yes-no task are much more likely to be affected by various response biases than 2AFC tasks. For example, with extremely dim lights, a person might respond, completely truthfully, "no" (i.e., "I did not see any light") on every trial, whereas the results of a 2AFC task will show the person can reliably ... | Two-alternative forced choice | 0.837877 |
2,321 | CAD – CAM – CAID – Calculator – Calculus – Car handling – Carbon fiber – Classical mechanics – Clean room design – Clock – Clutch – CNC – Coefficient of thermal expansion – Coil spring – Combustion – Composite material – Compression ratio – Compressive strength – Computational fluid dynamics – Computer – Computer-aided... | Index of mechanical engineering articles | 0.837876 |
2,322 | By the classical genetics approach, a researcher would then locate (map) the gene on its chromosome by crossbreeding with individuals that carry other unusual traits and collecting statistics on how frequently the two traits are inherited together. Classical geneticists would have used phenotypic traits to map the new ... | Genetic screen | 0.837876 |
2,323 | The nilpotency of the Fitting subgroup of a finite group is guaranteed by Fitting's theorem which says that the product of a finite collection of normal nilpotent subgroups of G is again a normal nilpotent subgroup. It may also be explicitly constructed as the product of the p-cores of G over all of the primes p dividi... | Generalized Fitting subgroup | 0.837875 |
2,324 | Several of the replies above also address the specific issue of complexity. The connectionist reply emphasizes that a working artificial intelligence system would have to be as complex and as interconnected as the human brain. The commonsense knowledge reply emphasizes that any program that passed a Turing test would h... | Chinese room | 0.837873 |
2,325 | To: Laurie Hopkins, Columbia College, SC and Amelia Kinard, Columbia College, SC For: An Update on the Impact of handheld CAS Systems on Developmental Algebra To: Deborah Hughes Hallett, University of Arizona; Eric Connally, Wellesley College; Rajini Jesudason, Wellesley College (Currently: Benjamin Banneker Charter Pu... | ICTCM Award | 0.837871 |
2,326 | The Faraday paradox was a once inexplicable aspect of the reaction between nitric acid and steel. Around 1830, the English scientist Michael Faraday found that diluted nitric acid would attack steel, but concentrated nitric acid would not. The attempt to explain this discovery led to advances in electrochemistry. | Faraday paradox (electrochemistry) | 0.837862 |
2,327 | However, this optimization is rather useless because we can straightforwardly concatenate the strings in time proportional to the sum of their lengths. A similar problem exists for singly linked lists. Another generalization is to solve the problem when parallel processors are available. | Chain matrix multiplication | 0.837859 |
2,328 | This sequence conveys a code shaped by evolution; but the physical shape of a specific protein is determined by processes operating after initial RNA transcription. The first partially folded structure to emerge is the secondary structure of coils and folds created by the imposition of constraints from hydrogen bonding... | Competition model | 0.837858 |
2,329 | One practical application of this phenomenon is to indirectly measure motor speed and position, as the back-EMF is proportional to the rotational speed of the armature.In motor control and robotics, back-EMF often refers most specifically to actually using the voltage generated by a spinning motor to infer the speed of... | Counter-electromotive force | 0.837858 |
2,330 | Two-dimensional geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, and relative position of two-dimensional figures. Basic topics in elementary mathematics include polygons, circles, perimeter and area. A polygon is a shape that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in... | Elementary mathematics | 0.837848 |
2,331 | One study described in the report found that students in traditional lecture courses were twice as likely to leave engineering and three times as likely to drop out of college entirely compared with students taught using active learning techniques. In another cited study, students in a physics class that used active le... | Active learning | 0.837847 |
2,332 | In comparison to the current generation of sequencing technologies, third generation sequencing has the obvious advantage of producing much longer reads. It is expected that these longer read lengths will alleviate numerous computational challenges surrounding genome assembly, transcript reconstruction, and metagenomic... | Long-read sequencing | 0.837847 |
2,333 | Mechanomics is the study of how forces are transmitted and the influence they have on biological function.Mechanomics is also an emerging field between biology and biomechanics.Physicomics Physicomics it the complex of other than mechanical forces involved in cellular physiology and response to its environment. Besides... | Mechanome | 0.837843 |
2,334 | An affine quadric is the set of zeros of a polynomial of degree two. When not specified otherwise, the polynomial is supposed to have real coefficients, and the zeros are points in a Euclidean space. However, most properties remain true when the coefficients belong to any field and the points belong in an affine space.... | Quadric surface | 0.837831 |
2,335 | The partition function is a variant of the one used in ordinary three-way quicksort: it rearranges a so that all of a, ..., a have an element at position d that is less than p, a, ..., a have p at position d, and strings from j onward have a d'th element larger than p. (The original partitioning function suggested by B... | Multi-key quicksort | 0.837829 |
2,336 | Pressure vessels use 3.5 to 4.0, automobiles use 3.0, and aircraft and spacecraft use 1.2 to 4.0 depending on the application and materials. Ductile, metallic materials tend to use the lower value while brittle materials use the higher values. The field of aerospace engineering uses generally lower design factors becau... | Factor of safety | 0.837824 |
2,337 | Although sometimes matching human performance, it is not clear they are plausible cognitive models. At least for recurrent neural networks it has been shown that they sometimes learn patterns which humans do not learn, but fail to learn patterns that humans typically do learn. | Language models | 0.837816 |
2,338 | Compare TH17 with theorem TH5. Note: A→((A→B)→B) (TH8), B→((A→B)→B) (TH9), and (A→C)→((B→C)→(((A→B)→B)→C)) (TH19), so ((A→B)→B) behaves just like A∨B. (Compare with axioms OR-1, OR-2, and OR-3.) | Frege's propositional calculus | 0.83781 |
2,339 | These differing aims can have profound effects on valid understanding in chemistry, especially with regard to chemical classes that have achieved mass attention. Examples of the impact of these can be seen in considering the examples of: resveratrol, a single compound clearly defined by this common name, but that can b... | Substitutive nomenclature | 0.837809 |
2,340 | In Hong Kong, the syllabus of HKCEE additional mathematics covered three main topics, algebra, calculus and analytic geometry. In algebra, the topics covered include mathematical induction, binomial theorem, quadratic equations, trigonometry, inequalities, 2D-vectors and complex number, whereas in calculus, the topics ... | Additional Mathematics | 0.837807 |
2,341 | Such as categorization of allergen cross-reactivity information, identification of cancer-associated gene variants and the classification of immune epitopes. Immunoinformatics is using the basic bioinformatics tools such as ClustalW, BLAST, and TreeView, as well as specialized immunoinformatics tools, such as EpiMatrix... | Computational immunology | 0.837806 |
2,342 | Braces { } are used to identify the elements of a set. For example, {a,b,c} denotes a set of three elements a, b and c. Angle brackets ⟨ ⟩ are used in group theory and commutative algebra to specify group presentations, and to denote the subgroup or ideal generated by a collection of elements. | Bracket (mathematics) | 0.837804 |
2,343 | Then the fundamental theorem of linear inequalities implies (for feasible problems) that for every vertex x* of the LP feasible region, there exists a set of d (or fewer) inequality constraints from the LP such that, when we treat those d constraints as equalities, the unique solution is x*. Thereby we can study these ... | Mixed integer programming | 0.837803 |
2,344 | Since q = pnm + 1, the order of GL2(Fq) = p2n m′. Thus by Theorem 1, the order of the Sylow p-subgroups is p2n. One such subgroup P, is the set of diagonal matrices {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}x^{im}&0\\0&x^{jm}\end{bmatrix}}} , x is any primitive root of Fq. Since the order of Fq is q − 1, its primitive roots have... | Sylow subgroup | 0.837803 |
2,345 | Essentials of Computational Chemistry: Theories and Models (2013) Statistical Molecular Thermodynamics (Coursera Massive Open Online Course) | Christopher J. Cramer | 0.837799 |
2,346 | Alternative methods of classification include: method of killing (pore-forming, nuclease activity, peptidoglycan production inhibition, etc.), genetics (large plasmids, small plasmids, chromosomal), molecular weight and chemistry (large protein, peptide, with/without sugar moiety, containing atypical amino acids such a... | Bacteriocin | 0.837793 |
2,347 | In bioinformatics, the closest string problem is an intensively studied facet of the problem of finding signals in DNA. | Closest string | 0.837792 |
2,348 | Physical constant Physical quantity SI units SI derived unit SI electromagnetism units List of common physics notations | Lists of physics equations | 0.837792 |
2,349 | In practice, it describes novel biological systems and biochemistries that differ from the canonical DNA–RNA-20 amino acid system (see central dogma of molecular biology). For example, instead of DNA or RNA, XB explores nucleic acid analogues, termed xeno nucleic acid (XNA) as information carriers. It also focuses on a... | Xenobiology | 0.837782 |
2,350 | Applications of this problem include Electrical resistivity tomography in geophysics and Electrical impedance tomography in medical imaging. Another major breakthrough was the solution of the boundary rigidity problem in two dimensions with Leonid Pestov. | Gunther Uhlmann | 0.837779 |
2,351 | The Sylow theorems assert a partial converse to Lagrange's theorem. Lagrange's theorem states that for any finite group G {\displaystyle G} the order (number of elements) of every subgroup of G {\displaystyle G} divides the order of G {\displaystyle G} . The Sylow theorems state that for every prime factor p {\displays... | Sylow p-subgroup | 0.837773 |
2,352 | Coccolithophores and foraminifera also have hard protective shells, but the shells are made of calcium carbonate. These shells can help with buoyancy, allowing the organisms to float in the water column and move around more easily. In addition to protection and support, protist shells also serve scientists as a means o... | Protist shell | 0.837771 |
2,353 | In group theory, the correspondence theorem (also the lattice theorem, and variously and ambiguously the third and fourth isomorphism theorem) states that if N {\displaystyle N} is a normal subgroup of a group G {\displaystyle G} , then there exists a bijection from the set of all subgroups A {\displaystyle A} of G {\d... | Lattice theorem | 0.837768 |
2,354 | In particular, support vector machines find a hyperplane that separates the feature space into two classes with the maximum margin. If the problem is not originally linearly separable, the kernel trick can be used to turn it into a linearly separable one, by increasing the number of dimensions. Thus a general hypersurf... | Decision boundary | 0.837767 |
2,355 | In abstract algebra, the conjugacy problem for a group G with a given presentation is the decision problem of determining, given two words x and y in G, whether or not they represent conjugate elements of G. That is, the problem is to determine whether there exists an element z of G such that y = z x z − 1 . {\displays... | Conjugacy problem | 0.837767 |
2,356 | For a smaller example, if X = { a , b , c } {\displaystyle X=\{a,b,c\}} where a, b, c are viewed as bit positions in that order from left to right, the eight subsets {}, {c}, {b}, {b,c}, {a}, {a,c}, {a,b}, and {a,b,c} of X can be identified with the respective bit vectors 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, and 111. Bit... | Boolean value | 0.83776 |
2,357 | While it has been shown that the ACD when performing the catalysis uses magnesium and ATP for the formation of the cross-links the specifics of the mechanism are uncertain. Though an interesting aspect of the cross-link formed in this case, is that it uses a non-terminal Glu to ligate to a non-terminal Lys, which seems... | Isopeptide bond | 0.837752 |
2,358 | Calculator memories are not required to be cleared. In subjects like Physics and Chemistry, students are only allowed a standard scientific calculator. Western Australia – all tertiary entrance examinations in Mathematics involve a calculator section which assume the student has a graphics calculator; CAS enabled calcu... | Graphics calculator | 0.837747 |
2,359 | (The latter term appears mainly in an educational context, in opposition to elementary algebra, which is concerned with the older way of manipulating formulas.) Some types of algebraic structures have useful and often fundamental properties, in many areas of mathematics. Their study became autonomous parts of algebra, ... | Mathematical discipline | 0.837744 |
2,360 | This to enable students to explore areas in their way and facilitates the creation of exercises by educators. Each TLP has a set of questions at the end, designed to test whether the main points of the TLP have been understood.The TLPs cover many diverse topics within the broad field of Materials science, ranging from ... | DoITPoMS | 0.837742 |
2,361 | The programs were obsessed with electronic calculators, and basic skills were disparaged.Specifically, Core-Plus Mathematics was criticized for exhibiting "too shallow a coverage of traditional algebra, and a focus on highly contextualized work". R. James Milgram, Professor of Mathematics at Stanford University, analyz... | Core-Plus Mathematics Project | 0.837737 |
2,362 | The raw sequencing data is then processed through bioinformatics (e.g., the GemCode analysis software developed by 10x Genomics) to remove low-quality reads and to assign reads to their respective barcodes. Reads can be aligned to a reference genome or assembled de novo to generate long-range contigs. The read alignmen... | Linked-read sequencing | 0.837734 |
2,363 | y and x: y is a square. The integer right triangle with legs b {\displaystyle b} and y {\displaystyle {\sqrt {y}}} and hypotenuse a {\displaystyle a} would have two sides (b and a) each of which is a square or twice a square, with a smaller hypotenuse than the original triangle ( a {\displaystyle a} compared to z = a 2... | Infinite descent | 0.837732 |
2,364 | Automation technician programs integrate computer programming with mechanics, electronics and process controls, They also commonly include coursework in hydraulics, pneumatics, programmable logic controllers, electrical circuits, electrical machinery and human-machine interfaces. Typical courses include math, communica... | Automation technician | 0.837732 |
2,365 | Alternatively, the principle is often invoked for model specification: in this case the observed data itself is assumed to be the testable information. Such models are widely used in natural language processing. An example of such a model is logistic regression, which corresponds to the maximum entropy classifier for i... | Maximum entropy method | 0.83773 |
2,366 | Mass balance – Mass density – Material properties – Materials science – Metal alloy – Metallic bond – Middle-third rule – Midhinge – Modified compression field theory – Modulus of elasticity – Moment redistribution – Monocoque – Multidisciplinary design optimization – Multi-function structure – | Glossary of structural engineering | 0.837725 |
2,367 | The part of the electron wave passing through that side oscillates at a different rate, since its energy has had −eV added to it, where −e is the charge of the electron and V the electrical potential. The results of the experiment will be different, because phase relationships between the two parts of the electron wave... | Introduction to gauge theory | 0.837722 |
2,368 | A strong violation oracle for K is an oracle that, given a vector c in Rn and a real number r, returns one of the following: Assert that c ⋅ x ≤ r {\displaystyle c\cdot x\leq r} for all x in K; Find a vector y in K with c ⋅ y > r {\displaystyle c\cdot y>r} .A weak violation oracle for K is an oracle that, given a vecto... | Separation oracle | 0.837722 |
2,369 | The bound surface charge is the charge piled up at the surface of the dielectric, given by the dipole moment perpendicular to the surface: where s is the separation between the point charges constituting the dipole, d {\displaystyle \mathbf {d} } is the electric dipole moment, n ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {n}} } is... | Charge density | 0.837718 |
2,370 | 3D projection 3D computer graphics Binary space partitioning Ray tracing Graham scan Borromean rings Cavalieri's principle Cross section Crystal Cuisenaire rods Desargues' theorem Right circular cone Hyperboloid Napkin ring problem Pappus's centroid theorem Paraboloid Polyhedron Defect Dihedral angle Prism Prismatoid H... | List of geometry topics | 0.837715 |
2,371 | Ohm's law V = I * R shows the interdependence of voltage, current and resistance. When voltage change causes a crossing of equilibrium lines as seen in a Pourbaix diagram during a stimulation, the changing polarization of the electrode is no longer linear. Undesirable polarization can lead to adverse effects such as co... | Surface Chemistry of Neural Implants | 0.837713 |
2,372 | It is used in molecular biology, forensics, and medicine for the rapid identification and diagnosis of pathogenic organisms. In contrast to similar techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and ligase chain reaction, this method involves RNA transcription (via RNA polymerase) and DNA synthesis (via reverse transcrip... | Transcription-mediated amplification | 0.837712 |
2,373 | Temperature: can quantum computing be performed at non-cryogenic temperatures? Can we build room temperature quantum computers? Complexity classes problems: what is the relation of BQP and BPP? | Open problems in physics | 0.837678 |
2,374 | Besides removing unused instructions from the compiled bytecode, ProGuard optimizes it using techniques such as control flow analysis, data-flow analysis, partial evaluation, static single assignment, global value numbering, and liveness analysis.ProGuard can remove many types of unused and duplicated code, perform ove... | ProGuard | 0.837672 |
2,375 | Differential algebra can determine if a set of differential polynomial equations has a solution. A total order ranking may identify algebraic constraints. An elimination ranking may determine if one or a selected group of independent variables can express the differential equations. Using triangular decomposition and e... | Differential ring | 0.837671 |
2,376 | While few schools in the United States teach this at the undergraduate level, several have graduate programs covering this topic (usually in conjunction with the Physics department of said college or university). Statics and Dynamics (engineering mechanics) – the study of movement, forces, moments in mechanical systems... | Aerospace engineering | 0.837668 |
2,377 | Group theoryMagma includes permutation, matrix, finitely presented, soluble, abelian (finite or infinite), polycyclic, braid and straight-line program groups. Several databases of groups are also included.Number theoryMagma contains asymptotically fast algorithms for all fundamental integer and polynomial operations, s... | Magma computer algebra system | 0.837653 |
2,378 | The gradient theorem can be used to establish that the electrostatic potential is the amount of work per unit charge required to move a charge from point a {\displaystyle a} to point b {\displaystyle b} with the following line integral: − ∫ a b E → ⋅ d ℓ → = ϕ ( b → ) − ϕ ( a → ) . {\displaystyle -\int _{a}^{b}{{\vec {... | Electrostatic repulsion | 0.83765 |
2,379 | Algebraic numbers The field of algebraic numbers is the smallest algebraically closed extension of the field of rational numbers. Their detailed properties are studied in algebraic number theory. Quadratic field A degree-two extension of the rational numbers. | Glossary of field theory | 0.837644 |
2,380 | However, some incorporate a squirrel cage in the rotor for starting—these are known as line-start or self-starting. These are typically used as higher-efficiency replacements for induction motors (owing to the lack of slip), but must ensure that synchronous speed is reached and that the system can withstand torque ripp... | Synchronous electric motor | 0.837644 |
2,381 | Technology now allows for genetic analysis of hundreds of target genes involved in medication metabolism and response in less than 24 hours for under $1,000. This a huge step towards bringing pharmacogenetic technology into everyday medical decisions. Likewise, companies like deCODE genetics, MD Labs Pharmacogenetics, ... | Extensive metabolizer | 0.837641 |
2,382 | falling bodies farad faraday Faraday constant Fermat's principle finite element method fission fluid fluid mechanics fluid physics fluid statics flywheel A mechanical device which uses the conservation of angular momentum to store rotational energy. Flywheels are therefore a type of accumulator, analogous to electrical... | Glossary of civil engineering | 0.837639 |
2,383 | The process of identifying the boundaries between genes and other features in a raw DNA sequence is called genome annotation and is in the domain of bioinformatics. While expert biologists make the best annotators, their work proceeds slowly, and computer programs are increasingly used to meet the high-throughput deman... | Human Genome Project | 0.837635 |
2,384 | The solution to Challenge Problem 9.46, Geometry (Rusczyk), is in the Degree 3 Vertex column above. A triangle with a hendecagon (11-gon) yields a 13.2-gon, a square with a heptagon (7-gon) yields a 9.3333-gon, and a pentagon with a hexagon yields a 7.5-gon). Hence there are 1 ( 1 ) + ( 1 ( 2 ) + 1 ) + ( 3 ( 2 ) + 1 ) ... | Planigon | 0.837621 |
2,385 | Given a positive integer n, it is not at all a routine matter to determine how many isomorphism types of groups of order n there are. Every group of prime order is cyclic, because Lagrange's theorem implies that the cyclic subgroup generated by any of its non-identity elements is the whole group. If n is the square of ... | Finite groups | 0.837613 |
2,386 | While machine learning itself is now not only a research field but an economically significant and fast growing industry and quantum computing is a well established field of both theoretical and experimental research, quantum machine learning remains a purely theoretical field of studies. Attempts to experimentally dem... | Quantum Machine Learning | 0.837612 |
2,387 | CBD is the home of the B.S. in Computational Biology, one of the four B.S. degree programs within Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science. The Computational Biology undergraduate program is ranked as one of the top 3 programs by US News.CBD is the home of an NIH Center for the HuBMAP Integration, Visualization & Eng... | Carnegie Mellon University Computational Biology Department | 0.837605 |
2,388 | In all such cases, however, they will most likely obtain results which are inconsistent with any Riemannian metric. In particular, if they use the simplest notion of distance, radar distance, owing to various effects such as the asymmetry already noted, they will conclude that the "geometry" of the disk is not only non... | Born coordinates | 0.837604 |
2,389 | In October 2008 the NIGMS hosted a meeting concerning the future of structural genomics efforts and invited speakers from the PSI Advisory Committee, members of the NIGMS Advisory Council, and interested scientists who had no previous involvement with the PSI. Representatives of other genomics, proteomics, and structur... | Protein Structure Initiative | 0.837604 |
2,390 | The 3-partition problem is a strongly NP-complete problem in computer science. The problem is to decide whether a given multiset of integers can be partitioned into triplets that all have the same sum. More precisely: The input to the problem is a multiset S of n = 3 m positive integers. The sum of all integers is m T ... | 3-partition problem | 0.837591 |
2,391 | O-minimal structures can be defined without recourse to model theory. Here we define a structure on a nonempty set M in a set-theoretic manner, as a sequence S = (Sn), n = 0,1,2,... such that Sn is a boolean algebra of subsets of Mn if A ∈ Sn then M × A and A ×M are in Sn+1 the set {(x1,...,xn) ∈ Mn: x1 = xn} is in Sn ... | O-minimal structure | 0.837588 |
2,392 | In the Analysis–Synthesis test, the individual has to learn and orally state the solutions to incomplete logic puzzles that mimic a miniature mathematics system. The test also contains some of the features involved in using symbolic formulations in other fields such as chemistry and logic. The individual has presented ... | Fluid and crystallized intelligence | 0.837586 |
2,393 | The ordering of integers is compatible with the algebraic operations in the following way: if a < b and c < d, then a + c < b + d if a < b and 0 < c, then ac < bc.Thus it follows that Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } together with the above ordering is an ordered ring. The integers are the only nontrivial totally ordered... | Integer number | 0.837583 |
2,394 | Because of the many important problems in this class, there have been extensive efforts to find polynomial-time algorithms for problems in NP. However, there remain a large number of problems in NP that defy such attempts, seeming to require super-polynomial time. Whether these problems are not decidable in polynomial ... | NP class | 0.837578 |
2,395 | The Condorcet jury theorem has recently been used to conceptualize score integration when several physician readers (radiologists, endoscopists, etc.) independently evaluate images for disease activity. This task arises in central reading performed during clinical trials and has similarities to voting. According to the... | Condorcet's jury theorem | 0.837577 |
2,396 | The book begins with an introductory chapter on problem-solving techniques in general, including six problems to motivate these techniques. The rest of the book is organized into eight thematic chapters, each of which can stand alone or be read in an arbitrary order. The topics of these chapters are: Logic puzzles, esp... | Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics | 0.837576 |
2,397 | In the metric system and other recent systems, underlying relationships between quantities, as expressed by formulae of physics such as Newton's laws of motion, is used to select a small number of base quantities for which a unit is defined for each, from which all other units may be derived. Secondary units (multiples... | System of units of measurement | 0.837576 |
2,398 | Alligation alternate provides answers when an algebraic solution (e.g., using simultaneous equations) is not possible (e.g., you have three variables but only two equations). Note that in this class of problem, there may be multiple feasible answers. Two further variations on Alligation occur: Alligation Partial and Al... | Alligation | 0.837574 |
2,399 | The course was re-organized around interwoven strands of algebra and functions, geometry and trigonometry, statistics and probability, and discrete mathematics. Lesson structure was updated, and technology tools, including CPMP-Tools software was introduced. | Core-Plus Mathematics Project | 0.837573 |
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