id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
2,100 | These elements can be a point, line or plane with respect to which the symmetry operation is carried out. The symmetry operations of a molecule determine the specific point group for this molecule. In chemistry, there are five important symmetry operations. | Infinite group theory | 0.8388 |
2,101 | Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11682 (2019) 180−192. In R. Mercas, D. Reidenbach (Eds) Combinatorics on Words. WORDS 2019. | Word-representable graph | 0.838795 |
2,102 | The 1928 edition included a clear statement of the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) for FOL, and also asked whether that logic was complete (i.e., whether all semantic truths of FOL were theorems derivable from the FOL axioms and rules). The former problem was answered in the negative first by Alonzo Church and ... | Principles of Mathematical Logic | 0.838787 |
2,103 | The Bioinformatics team assists with data handling and analysis, and develops new algorithms and analytical methods, with a focus on the analysis of high-throughput ("next-generation") sequencing data. The Statistical Analysis group provides project consultation and power analysis, statistical analysis (genetic, microa... | Centre for Applied Genomics | 0.838782 |
2,104 | A rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles. A square has four right angles, in addition to equal-length sides. The Pythagorean theorem states how to determine when a triangle is a right triangle. | Sinus perfectus | 0.83878 |
2,105 | The Physics Teacher. 7 (6): 313–320. Bibcode:1969PhTea...7..313F. | Richard Feynman | 0.838773 |
2,106 | The vector potential A is used when studying the Lagrangian in classical mechanics and in quantum mechanics (see Schrödinger equation for charged particles, Dirac equation, Aharonov–Bohm effect). In the SI system, the units of A are V·s·m−1 and are the same as that of momentum per unit charge, or force per unit current... | Magnetic Vector Potential | 0.83877 |
2,107 | Let x, y and z denote arbitrary elements of the algebra A over the field K. Let powers to positive (non-zero) integer be recursively defined by x1 ≝ x and either xn+1 ≝ xnx (right powers) or xn+1 ≝ xxn (left powers) depending on authors. Unital: there exist an element e so that ex = x = xe; in that case we can define x... | Quadratic representation | 0.838766 |
2,108 | Genomics offers various benefits that the study of single genes, or genetics, does not. Having a fully sequenced genome for an organism, such as potato, allows researchers to compare DNA across multiple species and examine conserved sequences. In 2011, researchers at the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium compared a d... | Genomics of domestication | 0.838764 |
2,109 | In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. It is a dimensionless quantity, independent of the sys... | Sommerfeld constant | 0.838764 |
2,110 | In 1993 the American Association of Physics Teachers Metric Committee specified that the radian should explicitly appear in quantities only when different numerical values would be obtained when other angle measures were used, such as in the quantities of angle measure (rad), angular speed (rad/s), angular acceleration... | Unit angle | 0.838762 |
2,111 | The primary algebra is an elegant minimalist notation for the two-element Boolean algebra 2. Let: One of Boolean join (+) or meet (×) interpret concatenation; The complement of A interpret 0 (1) interpret the empty Mark if join (meet) interprets concatenation (because a binary operation applied to zero operands may be ... | Boundary algebra | 0.838759 |
2,112 | In The Sun, Golub and Pasachoff explore the composition, nature, and significance of the Sun. They provide an account of the history of solar astronomy and discuss the advancements made by scientists. The book covers various aspects of the Sun, including sunspots, their magnetic properties, and their connection to sola... | The Sun (book) | 0.838752 |
2,113 | For example, in imperial units, the speed of light is approximately 186282 miles per second, or roughly 1 foot per nanosecond.In branches of physics in which c appears often, such as in relativity, it is common to use systems of natural units of measurement or the geometrized unit system where c = 1. Using these units,... | The speed of light in vacuum | 0.838736 |
2,114 | There are three common approaches: using (cyclic) networks with external or internal memory (model-based) learning effective distance metrics (metrics-based) explicitly optimizing model parameters for fast learning (optimization-based). | Meta-learning (computer science) | 0.838731 |
2,115 | A subgroup, B, of an abelian group, A, is called p-basic, for a fixed prime number, p, if the following conditions hold: B is a direct sum of cyclic groups of order pn and infinite cyclic groups; B is a p-pure subgroup of A; The quotient group, A/B, is a p-divisible group.Conditions 1–3 imply that the subgroup, B, is H... | Basic subgroup | 0.83873 |
2,116 | In March 1964, the FDA also approved Parke-Davis's version of the German company Schering's oral contraceptive Anovlar with the brand name Norlestrin (norethisterone acetate 2.5 mg + ethinylestradiol 50 µg).Rosenkranz understood the importance of peer recognition, not just commercial success, to the scientists who work... | George Rosenkranz | 0.83872 |
2,117 | For diagrams that do not possess grid lines, the easiest way to determine the values is to determine the shortest (i.e. perpendicular) distances from the point of interest to each of the three sides. By Viviani's theorem, the distances (or the ratios of the distances to the triangle height) give the value of each compo... | Triangle diagram | 0.838713 |
2,118 | In genetics and biochemistry, sequencing means to determine the primary structure (sometimes incorrectly called the primary sequence) of an unbranched biopolymer. Sequencing results in a symbolic linear depiction known as a sequence which succinctly summarizes much of the atomic-level structure of the sequenced molecul... | Base sequence | 0.838713 |
2,119 | OpenAI acknowledges that ChatGPT "sometimes writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers". This behavior is common for large language models, and is called "hallucination". The reward model of ChatGPT, designed around human oversight, can be over-optimized and thus hinder performance, in an example of... | ChatGPT | 0.838693 |
2,120 | Limited Software Availability: There are a limited number of open source, accessible LCS implementations, and even fewer that are designed to be user friendly or accessible to machine learning practitioners. Interpretation: While LCS algorithms are certainly more interpretable than some advanced machine learners, users... | Classifier system | 0.838689 |
2,121 | Recombination has been extensively studied in avian influenza strains as to how the genetics of H5N1 have changed over time.Antigenic sift: direct transmission with a zoonotic strain of a virus. This occurs when a human is infected during a spillover event. | Antigenic variation | 0.838678 |
2,122 | For main-group elements, there are stereochemically active lone pairs E whose number can vary between 0 to 3. Note that the geometries are named according to the atomic positions only and not the electron arrangement. For example, the description of AX2E1 as a bent molecule means that the three atoms AX2 are not in one... | VSEPR model | 0.838677 |
2,123 | Given X = Z , {\displaystyle X=\mathbb {Z} ,} the set of integers, the family τ {\displaystyle \tau } of all finite subsets of the integers plus Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } itself is not a topology, because (for example) the union of all finite sets not containing zero is not finite and therefore not a member of the... | Fell topology | 0.838674 |
2,124 | Deanna M. Church, bioinformatics and genomics researcher. Richard Durbin, computational biologist at the University of Cambridge. Tim Hubbard, computational biologist at the King's College London and Head of Genome Analysis in Genomics England. | Genome Reference Consortium | 0.838673 |
2,125 | The main disadvantages of force-directed algorithms include the following: High running time The typical force-directed algorithms are in general considered to run in cubic time ( O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} ), where n {\displaystyle n} is the number of nodes of the input graph. This is because the number of ite... | Force-directed graph drawing | 0.838673 |
2,126 | The name comes from the earliest example of such a divergence, the "ultraviolet catastrophe" first encountered in understanding blackbody radiation. According to classical physics at the end of the nineteenth century, the quantity of radiation in the form of light released at any specific wavelength should increase wit... | Ultraviolet divergence | 0.838664 |
2,127 | Gunter's interest in geometry led him to develop a method of land surveying using triangulation. Linear measurements could be taken between topographical features such as corners of a field, and using triangulation the field or other area could be plotted on a plane, and its area calculated. A chain 66 feet (20 m) long... | Gunter's quadrant | 0.838663 |
2,128 | R package. The package includes marginal and joint maximum likelihood estimation of uni- and multidimensional item response models (Rasch, 2PL, Generalized Partial Credit, Rating Scale, Multi Facets), fit statistics, standard error estimation, as well as plausible value imputation and weighted likelihood estimation of ... | Psychometric software | 0.838661 |
2,129 | As mentioned above, weak orders have applications in utility theory. In linear programming and other types of combinatorial optimization problem, the prioritization of solutions or of bases is often given by a weak order, determined by a real-valued objective function; the phenomenon of ties in these orderings is calle... | Strict weak ordering | 0.83866 |
2,130 | There are two key attributes that a problem must have in order for dynamic programming to be applicable: optimal substructure and overlapping sub-problems. If a problem can be solved by combining optimal solutions to non-overlapping sub-problems, the strategy is called "divide and conquer" instead. This is why merge so... | Dynamic Programming | 0.838653 |
2,131 | The Algebra is perhaps Abu Kamil's most influential work, which he intended to supersede and expand upon that of Al-Khwarizmi. Whereas the Algebra of al-Khwarizmi was geared towards the general public, Abu Kamil was addressing other mathematicians, or readers familiar with Euclid's Elements. In this book Abu Kamil solv... | Abu Kamil | 0.838636 |
2,132 | RCU has extremely simple "toy" implementations that can aid understanding of RCU. This section presents one such "toy" implementation that works in a non-preemptive environment. In the code sample, rcu_assign_pointer and rcu_dereference can be ignored without missing much. However, they are needed in order to suppress ... | Read-copy-update | 0.838633 |
2,133 | Machine – Machine learning – Magnetic circuit – Margin of safety – Mass transfer – Materials – Materials engineering – Material selection – Mechanical advantage – Mechanical Biological Treatment – Mechanical efficiency – Mechanical engineering – Mechanical equilibrium – Mechanical work – Mechanics – Mechanochemistry – ... | Index of mechanical engineering articles | 0.838631 |
2,134 | The slope of a nonvertical line is a number that measures how steeply the line is slanted (rise-over-run). If the line is the graph of the linear function f ( x ) = a x + b {\displaystyle f(x)=ax+b} , this slope is given by the constant a. The slope measures the constant rate of change of f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} p... | Linear function (calculus) | 0.838622 |
2,135 | In bioinformatics, the basic method of information processing is to contrast the sequence data. Biologists use it to discover the function, structure, and evolutionary information in biological sequences. The following analyses are based on the sequence assembly: the phylogenetic analysis, the haplotype comparison, and... | Tree alignment | 0.838621 |
2,136 | Informatics approaches used in structural bioinformatics are: Selection of Target - Potential targets are identified by comparing them with databases of known structures and sequence. The importance of a target can be decided on the basis of published literature. Target can also be selected on the basis of its protein ... | Structural bioinformatics | 0.83862 |
2,137 | For chemicals, the hazard can be understood by the dose response profile most often based on toxicological studies or models. Occupational hygienists work closely with toxicologists (see Toxicology) for understanding chemical hazards, physicists (see Physics) for physical hazards, and physicians and microbiologists for... | Occupational hygienist | 0.838619 |
2,138 | C 4.0 added optimizations and CodeView, a source-level debugger. C 5.0 added loop optimizations and ‘huge memory model’ (arrays bigger than 64 KB) support. | Visual C++ | 0.838619 |
2,139 | The previous section says more about the relevant metamathematics. Let G be a group. Then the power set 2 G {\displaystyle 2^{G}} is a relation algebra with the obvious Boolean algebra operations, composition given by the product of group subsets, the converse by the inverse subset ( A − 1 = { a − 1: a ∈ A } {\displays... | Relation algebra | 0.838618 |
2,140 | ": 11, 237 Chapter 4 instructs the importance of control-volume analysis situations in mechanical design. Control volume analysis was missing in physics textbooks at the time. Thus, engineers had a scientific requirement that was not addressed adequately by any natural science. | What Engineers Know and How They Know It | 0.838618 |
2,141 | In logic there is no model structure (as defined above for classification and logistic regression) to explore: the domain and range of logical functions comprises only 0's and 1's or false and true. So, the fitness functions available for Boolean algebra can only be based on the hits or on the confusion matrix as expla... | Gene expression programming | 0.838617 |
2,142 | : 149 The series was translated into a number of foreign languages. Although the course was influential in physics education worldwide, the book series sold better in foreign markets than in the US, possibly because students in other countries specialized earlier and were therefore better prepared mathematically than U... | Berkeley Physics Course | 0.838617 |
2,143 | Given a set of experimental data that looks to be clustered about a line, a linear ansatz could be made to find the parameters of the line by a least squares curve fit. Variational approximation methods use ansätze and then fit the parameters. Another example could be the mass, energy, and entropy balance equations tha... | Ansatz | 0.838615 |
2,144 | In the case of torsion-free groups, the situation is simplified as the accessibility results are not needed and one instead uses Grushko theorem about the rank of a free product. In this setting, as noted in the original Muller and Schupp paper, the Muller–Schupp theorem says that a finitely generated torsion-free grou... | Muller–Schupp theorem | 0.838612 |
2,145 | Second, is a more complex model better? Third, what contribution do individual predictors make to the model? In order to assess models, different model fit statistics would be examined. | Multilevel model | 0.838611 |
2,146 | During the first year, Part IA, the schedule of courses is quite rigid, providing much of the basic knowledge requisite for mathematics, including algebra, analysis, methods in calculus, and probability. The second year, Part IB, contains no mandatory content but it is recommended that students do particular courses as... | Mathematics Tripos | 0.838605 |
2,147 | sanitary engineering saturated compound scalar (mathematics) scalar (physics) scalar multiplication screw series circuit servo servomechanism shadow matter shear strength shear stress shortwave radiation SI units signal processing simple machine siphon solid mechanics solid-state physics solid solution strengthening so... | Glossary of civil engineering | 0.8386 |
2,148 | The transport of Ca2+ through the cytoplasm to the coccolith vesicle (CV) is the dominant cost associated with calcification. (B) represents metabolic processes include the synthesis of coccolith-associated polysaccharides (CAPs – gray rectangles) by the Golgi complex (white rectangles) that regulate the nucleation and... | Protist shell | 0.838591 |
2,149 | As an optimization, the data structure can start each sequential search for a non-empty bucket at the most recently-found non-empty bucket instead of at the start of the array. This can be done in either of two different ways, lazy (delaying these sequential searches until they are necessary) or eager (doing the search... | Bucket queue | 0.83859 |
2,150 | The second theorem states that the volume V of a solid of revolution generated by rotating a plane figure F about an external axis is equal to the product of the area A of F and the distance d traveled by the geometric centroid of F. (The centroid of F is usually different from the centroid of its boundary curve C.) Th... | Guldinus theorem | 0.838571 |
2,151 | In 2022, the mathematician John Baez brought the problem of generalizing this problem to n rectangles to the attention of the Mathstodon online mathematics community.The problem has two parts: what aspect ratios are possible, and how many different solutions are there for a given n. Frieling and Rinne had previously pu... | Dividing a square into similar rectangles | 0.83857 |
2,152 | A number of experimental conditions can be modified for optimization, these include: Hybridization and gap-fill time Probes, Ligase and DNA polymerase concentrations Enrichment of the captured target by either rolling circle amplification or linearizing the probes to perform multi-template PCR using the universal prime... | Molecular Inversion Probe | 0.838567 |
2,153 | {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}.} If ( G , ∗ ) {\displaystyle (G,*)} is an infinite cyclic group, then ( G , ∗ ) {\displaystyle (G,*)} is isomorphic to the integers (with the addition operation). From an algebraic point of view, this means that the set of all integers (with the addition operation) is the "only" infinit... | Group isomorphism | 0.838567 |
2,154 | ABHP Part I Question and SolutionsPart II Bevelacqua, J. J. (2009). Contemporary health physics: Problems and Solutions. | Certified health physicist | 0.838565 |
2,155 | Guess the Correlation is a minimalistic browser-based game with a purpose developed in 2016 by Omar Wagih at the European Bioinformatics Institute. The game was developed to study human perception in scatter plots. Players are presented with a stream of scatter plots depicting the relationship between two random variab... | Guess the Correlation | 0.838559 |
2,156 | The Human Genome Project (HGP), which uncovered the DNA sequences that compose human genes, would not have been possible without biomedical data science. Significant computational resources were required to process the data in the HGP, as the human genome contains over 6 billion DNA base pairs. Scientists constructed t... | Biomedical data science | 0.838557 |
2,157 | Most of the time taken by the naive algorithm is spent performing comparisons between items in the sequences. For textual sequences such as source code, you want to view lines as the sequence elements instead of single characters. This can mean comparisons of relatively long strings for each step in the algorithm. Two ... | Longest common subsequence problem | 0.838557 |
2,158 | Thus, the careful measurement of the length of one baseline can fix the scale of an entire triangulation network. In parallax, the triangle is extremely long and narrow, and by measuring both its shortest side (the motion of the observer) and the small top angle (always less than 1 arcsecond, leaving the other two clos... | Motion parallax | 0.838555 |
2,159 | Some improvements in the methodology (especially in the determination of the pK values for modified amino acids) have been also proposed. More advanced methods take into account the effect of adjacent amino acids ±3 residues away from a charged aspartic or glutamic acid, the effects on free C terminus, as well as they ... | Iso-electric point | 0.838552 |
2,160 | Other major components include molecular dynamics, statistical thermodynamics and theories of electrolyte solutions, reaction networks, polymerization, catalysis, molecular magnetism and spectroscopy. Modern theoretical chemistry may be roughly divided into the study of chemical structure and the study of chemical dyna... | Theoretical Chemistry | 0.838544 |
2,161 | In particular, it includes the study of equations that involve nth roots and, more generally, algebraic expressions. This makes the term algebraic equation ambiguous outside the context of the old problem. So the term polynomial equation is generally preferred when this ambiguity may occur, specially when considering m... | Polynomial equations | 0.838542 |
2,162 | Any research in life sciences is proposed to answer a scientific question we might have. To answer this question with a high certainty, we need accurate results. The correct definition of the main hypothesis and the research plan will reduce errors while taking a decision in understanding a phenomenon. The research pla... | Biostatistics | 0.838541 |
2,163 | Biomolecular chemistry is a major category within organic chemistry which is frequently studied by biochemists. Many complex multi-functional group molecules are important in living organisms. Some are long-chain biopolymers, and these include peptides, DNA, RNA and the polysaccharides such as starches in animals and c... | Synthetic organic chemistry | 0.838515 |
2,164 | Electronics engineering careers usually include courses in calculus (single and multivariable), complex analysis, differential equations (both ordinary and partial), linear algebra and probability. Fourier analysis and Z-transforms are also subjects which are usually included in electrical engineering programs. Laplace... | Mathematical methods in electronics | 0.838514 |
2,165 | This allows observation of dimmer, cooler objects. Since water vapor and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere strongly absorbs most infrared, ground-based infrared astronomy is limited to narrow wavelength ranges where the atmosphere absorbs less strongly. Additionally, the atmosphere itself radiates in the infrare... | James Webb Space Telescope | 0.838511 |
2,166 | : 11–142 In 1967, he published another thesis jointly written by J.B. Hasted and D.K. Bohme on physics of atomic collision and potential energy curves— their work was supported and funded by the United States Department of Defense.While in the United Kingdom, Alam continued publishing and working on the atomic physics ... | Ghulam Dastagir Alam | 0.838502 |
2,167 | The calculation of volume is a vital part of integral calculus. One of which is calculating the volume of solids of revolution, by rotating a plane curve around a line on the same plane. The washer or disc integration method is used when integrating by an axis parallel to the axis of rotation. The general equation can ... | Spatial volume | 0.838501 |
2,168 | Serratus is a large scale viroinformatics platform for uncovering the total genetic diversity of Earth's virome. Originating with the goal of uncovering novel coronaviruses that may have been incidentally sequenced by other researchers, the project expanded to encompass all RNA viruses, those which encode a viral RNA-d... | Serratus (virology) | 0.8385 |
2,169 | Board games: 3.457×10181, number of ways to arrange the tiles in English Scrabble on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board. Physics: 10186, approximate number of Planck volumes in the observable universe. Shogi: 10226, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of shogi. | Orders of magnitude (numbers) | 0.838497 |
2,170 | In particular if the normalizer of every nontrivial characteristic subgroup of P has a normal p-complement, then so does G. This consequence is sufficient for many applications. The result fails for p = 2 as the simple group PSL2(F7) of order 168 is a counterexample. Thompson (1960) gave a weaker version of this theore... | Glauberman normal p-complement theorem | 0.838493 |
2,171 | Table 2 illustrates our new transformation of the data. Table 2 The machine learning algorithm now has much less work to do to find a good predictive function. In fact, in this very simple example, the function Y = Z has a classification accuracy of 1. A nice feature of constructive induction methods such as MDR is the... | Multifactor dimensionality reduction | 0.838492 |
2,172 | STEM subjects are taught in Pakistan as part of electives taken in the 9th and 10th grade, culminating in Matriculation exams. These electives are: pure sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), mathematics (Physics, Chemistry, Maths) and computer science (Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science). STEM subjects are also off... | Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics | 0.838488 |
2,173 | FETP trainees, or “residents,” spend approximately 25 percent of their time in the classroom, learning the principles of epidemiology, disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and biostatistics. The other 75 percent of their time is spent in field placements, where residents "learn by doing," by participating in o... | Field epidemiology | 0.838488 |
2,174 | There are two main problem types that can be studied using neural networks: static problems, and dynamic problems. Static problems include pattern recognition, classification, and approximation. Dynamic problems involve lagged variables and are more appropriate for system identification and related applications. | Nonlinear system identification | 0.838485 |
2,175 | It is a tool to find out how much a machine model benefits from adding more training data and whether the estimator suffers more from a variance error or a bias error. If both the validation score and the training score converge to a value that is too low with increasing size of the training set, it will not benefit mu... | Learning curve (machine learning) | 0.838476 |
2,176 | The MRC Centre for Protein Engineering (or CPE) was a pioneering research unit in Cambridge, England, with a main focus on the structure, stability and activity of proteins and engineering of antibodies. Centre for Protein Engineering was established in 1990 as one of the MRC's first interdisciplinary research centres ... | Centre for Protein Engineering | 0.838475 |
2,177 | To circumvent this problem, Biochemistry Online suggests heating separate samples for different times, analysing each resulting solution, and extrapolating back to zero hydrolysis time. Rastall suggests a variety of reagents to prevent or reduce degradation, such as thiol reagents or phenol to protect tryptophan and ty... | Protein sequencing | 0.838475 |
2,178 | The Mathematics Admissions Test (MAT) is a 2-hour 30-minute subject-specific admissions test for applicants to the University of Oxford, the University of Warwick and Imperial College London for undergraduate degree courses in mathematics, computer science and their joint degrees. It is set with the aim of being approa... | History Aptitude Test | 0.838474 |
2,179 | The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by René Descartes revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations: algebraic equations inv... | Mathematical equation | 0.838469 |
2,180 | AlphaFold 2 scoring more than 90 in CASP's global distance test (GDT) is considered a significant achievement in computational biology and great progress towards a decades-old grand challenge of biology. Nobel Prize winner and structural biologist Venki Ramakrishnan called the result "a stunning advance on the protein ... | AlphaFold | 0.838467 |
2,181 | Discrete geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects. Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and... | Discrete geometry | 0.838462 |
2,182 | Discrete probability theory deals with events that occur in countable sample spaces. Examples: Throwing dice, experiments with decks of cards, random walk, and tossing coins. Classical definition: Initially the probability of an event to occur was defined as the number of cases favorable for the event, over the number ... | Mathematical probability | 0.838448 |
2,183 | Formally, we start with a non-zero algebra D over a field. We call D a division algebra if for any element a in D and any non-zero element b in D there exists precisely one element x in D with a = bx and precisely one element y in D such that a = yb. For associative algebras, the definition can be simplified as follows... | Division algebra | 0.838443 |
2,184 | In theoretical computer science, the time hierarchy is a classification of decision problems according to the amount of time required to solve them. | Hierarchy (mathematics) | 0.838443 |
2,185 | A typical reverse mathematics theorem shows that a particular mathematical theorem T is equivalent to a particular subsystem S of second-order arithmetic over a weaker subsystem B. This weaker system B is known as the base system for the result; in order for the reverse mathematics result to have meaning, this system m... | Weak König's lemma | 0.838442 |
2,186 | Computational genomics refers to the use of computational and statistical analysis to decipher biology from genome sequences and related data, including both DNA and RNA sequence as well as other "post-genomic" data (i.e., experimental data obtained with technologies that require the genome sequence, such as genomic DN... | Computational genomics | 0.838439 |
2,187 | In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be summarized in the following table: Thus sodium chloride (with a low pos... | Fajans' rules | 0.838439 |
2,188 | The main problem related to CPSI is genetics-based. Sometimes the body does not produce enough CPSI due to a mutation in the genetic code, resulting in poor metabolism of proteins and nitrogen, as well as high levels of ammonia in the body. This is dangerous because ammonia is highly toxic to the body, especially the n... | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I | 0.838438 |
2,189 | p-groups are fundamental tools in understanding the structure of groups and in the classification of finite simple groups. p-groups arise both as subgroups and as quotient groups. As subgroups, for a given prime p one has the Sylow p-subgroups P (largest p-subgroup not unique but all conjugate) and the p-core O p ( G )... | P-primary group | 0.83843 |
2,190 | Cell Calcium is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier that covers the field of cell biology and focuses mainly on calcium signalling and metabolism in living organisms. | Cell Calcium | 0.838426 |
2,191 | In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from constant algebraic numbers, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number). For example, 3x2 − 2xy + c is an algebraic expression. Since taking th... | Algebraic expression | 0.838419 |
2,192 | The new goal for structures was 650. The SGC focused considerable activities in the areas of ubiquitination, protein phosphorylation, small G-proteins and epigenetics, and also initiated an effort in the structural biology of integral membrane proteins. In this phase, the SGC determined the structures of 665 human prot... | Structural Genomics Consortium | 0.838417 |
2,193 | In computer science, distributed memory refers to a multiprocessor computer system in which each processor has its own private memory. Computational tasks can only operate on local data, and if remote data are required, the computational task must communicate with one or more remote processors. In contrast, a shared me... | Distributed memory | 0.838416 |
2,194 | Purcell was the author of the innovative introductory text Electricity and Magnetism. The book, a Sputnik-era project funded by an NSF grant, was influential for its use of relativity in the presentation of the subject at this level. The 1965 edition, now freely available due to a condition of the federal grant, was or... | Edward Mills Purcell | 0.838414 |
2,195 | In theoretical computer science the random-access stored-program (RASP) machine model is an abstract machine used for the purposes of algorithm development and algorithm complexity theory. The RASP is a random-access machine (RAM) model that, unlike the RAM, has its program in its "registers" together with its input. T... | Random-access stored-program machine | 0.838413 |
2,196 | M. vaginatus stabilizes soil using a polysaccharide sheath that binds to sand particles and absorbs water.Some of these organisms contribute significantly to global ecology and the oxygen cycle. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986 and accounts for more than half of the photosynthesis o... | Blue-green Algae | 0.838411 |
2,197 | The converse direction of the Muller–Schupp theorem is more straightforward. If G is a finitely generated virtually free group, then G admits a finite index normal subgroup N such that N is a finite rank free group. Muller and Schupp use this fact to directly verify that G has context-free word problem. | Muller–Schupp theorem | 0.838408 |
2,198 | Another paper by Carrell and West (2010) use a data set from the U.S. Air Force Academy where students are randomly assigned to course sections (reducing selection problems). It found that calculus students got higher marks on common course examinations when they had instructors with high SET scores but did worse when ... | Course evaluation | 0.838403 |
2,199 | Another idea is the ability of a neural network to separate space in non-linear pieces using "bias". It gives different probabilities of activating the neural network or not. | Neural cryptography | 0.838402 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.