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2,500 | For example, in the cubic system, all of the lengths are equal and all the angles are 90°, so only the a length needs to be given. This is the case of diamond, which has a = 3.57 Å = 357 pm at 300 K. Similarly, in hexagonal system, the a and b constants are equal, and the angles are 60°, 90°, and 90°, so the geometry i... | Lattice parameter | 0.837311 |
2,501 | The word probability has been used in a variety of ways since it was first applied to the mathematical study of games of chance. Does probability measure the real, physical, tendency of something to occur, or is it a measure of how strongly one believes it will occur, or does it draw on both these elements? In answerin... | Probability interpretation | 0.83731 |
2,502 | One issue with SHAKE is that the number of iterations required to reach a certain level of convergence does rise as molecular geometry becomes more complex. To reach 64 bit computer accuracy (a relative tolerance of ≈ 10 − 16 {\displaystyle \approx 10^{-16}} ) in a typical molecular dynamics simulation at a temperature... | Constraint algorithm (mechanics) | 0.837309 |
2,503 | Some of the techniques that can be applied in a more limited scope, such as macro compression which saves space by collapsing common sequences of instructions, are more effective when the entire executable task image is available for analysis.In addition to scoped optimizations, there are two further general categories... | Compiler optimization | 0.837304 |
2,504 | Both negation techniques above have been very fruitful to negate (indecomposable) finite-dimensional Nichols algebras: for Alternating groups A n ≥ 5 {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} _{n\geq 5}} for Symmetric groups S n ≥ 6 {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} _{n\geq 6}} except a short list of examples some group of Lie type (sources... | Nichols algebra | 0.8373 |
2,505 | The expression of many genes can be determined by measuring mRNA levels with multiple techniques including microarrays, expressed cDNA sequence tag (EST) sequencing, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tag sequencing, massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), RNA-Seq, also known as "Whole Transcriptome Shot... | Bio informatics | 0.8373 |
2,506 | In the present day, this problem is widely known because it appears as an exercise in many first-year calculus textbooks (for example that of Stewart ). Let a = the height of the bottom of the painting above eye level; b = the height of the top of the painting above eye level; x = the viewer's distance from the wall; α... | Regiomontanus' angle maximization problem | 0.837299 |
2,507 | Advances in bioinformatics, refinements of DNA amplification, and the proliferation of computational power have greatly aided the analysis of DNA sequences recovered from environmental samples, allowing the adaptation of shotgun sequencing to metagenomic samples (known also as whole metagenome shotgun or WMGS sequencin... | Human metagenome | 0.837295 |
2,508 | A decision problem H is NP-hard when for every problem L in NP, there is a polynomial-time many-one reduction from L to H.: 80 An equivalent definition is to require that every problem L in NP can be solved in polynomial time by an oracle machine with an oracle for H. Informally, an algorithm can be thought of that cal... | NP-hardness | 0.837288 |
2,509 | The Pythagorean theorem gives the distance from any point (x, y) to the center: d = x 2 + y 2 . {\displaystyle d={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}.} Mathematical "graph paper" is formed by imagining a 1×1 square centered around each cell (x, y), where x and y are integers between −r and r. Squares whose center resides inside or ex... | Approximations of π | 0.837287 |
2,510 | In genetics, coverage is one of several measures of the depth or completeness of DNA sequencing, and is more specifically expressed in any of the following terms: Sequence coverage (or depth) is the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence. Deep sequencing refers to the gener... | Coverage (genetics) | 0.837286 |
2,511 | In plant breeding, people create hybrids between plant species for economic and aesthetic reasons. For example, the yield of Corn has increased nearly five-fold in the past century due in part to the discovery and proliferation of hybrid corn varieties. Plant genetics can be used to predict which combination of plants ... | Plant genetics | 0.837282 |
2,512 | On a blackboard and in some mathematical texts, this may be abbreviated as x = d e f E {\displaystyle x\,{\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\,E} or x ≜ E . {\displaystyle x\triangleq E.} This is related to the concept of assignment in computer science, which is variously denoted (depending on the programming language used)... | Mathematical symbol | 0.837281 |
2,513 | The charge of an isolated system should be a multiple of the elementary charge e, even if at large scales charge seems to behave as a continuous quantity. In some contexts it is meaningful to speak of fractions of an elementary charge; for example, in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The unit faraday is sometimes us... | Electric charge | 0.837267 |
2,514 | (it follows that fields do not form a variety in the sense of universal algebra.) It can be stated: "Every nonzero element of a field is invertible;" or, equivalently: the structure has a unary operation inv such that ∀ x , x = 0 or x ⋅ inv ( x ) = 1. {\displaystyle \forall x,\quad x=0\quad {\text{or}}\quad x\cdot \o... | Algebraic system | 0.837265 |
2,515 | The concept of NP-completeness was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s in parallel by researchers in North America and the USSR. In 1971, Stephen Cook published his paper "The complexity of theorem proving procedures" in conference proceedings of the newly founded ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. Richard K... | Cook's theorem | 0.837256 |
2,516 | This can affect the composition of the community and its fitness. Root exudates come in the form of chemicals released into the rhizosphere by cells in the roots and cell waste referred to as "rhizodeposition." This rhizodeposition comes in various forms of organic carbon and nitrogen that provide for the communities a... | Rhizosphere | 0.837254 |
2,517 | 15 people directly from the Summer School 2 and 15 people from the Test 4 will join the Winter School 2, which is held at the same place with Winter School 2. In the school, students stay only a week; studying theories in the morning and learning experiments in afternoon. Almost all of the theories are related to Organ... | Korean Chemistry Olympiad | 0.837248 |
2,518 | A 2' x 4' petri plate filled with 14L (liters) of seaweed derived agar medium created by Harvard scientists that was used to see how E. coli evolved to be resistant to antibiotics. The mega plate also helped study more unique concepts of microbiology such as parallel evolution, mutation selection, colonial interference... | Agar plates | 0.837248 |
2,519 | In other words, this is a constant-factor approximation algorithm with an approximation factor of 2. Under the recent unique games conjecture, this factor is even the best possible one.NP-hard problems vary greatly in their approximability; some, such as the knapsack problem, can be approximated within a multiplicative... | Approximation algorithms | 0.837245 |
2,520 | AP Physics 2 is an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course in which students explore fluid statics and dynamics; thermodynamics with kinetic theory; PV diagrams and probability; electrostatics; electrical circuits with capacitors; magnetic fields; electromagnetism; physical and geometric optics; and qu... | AP Physics 2 | 0.837241 |
2,521 | A topic of contention among geologists and mineralogists has been the IMA's decision to exclude biogenic crystalline substances. For example, Lowenstam (1981) stated that "organisms are capable of forming a diverse array of minerals, some of which cannot be formed inorganically in the biosphere. "Skinner (2005) views a... | Mineral Deposits | 0.83724 |
2,522 | ADNI data has been used to test many diagnostic and prognostic machine learning algorithms. The most successful to date have used deep learning approaches that combine longitudinal data chronicling changes in biomarkers over time from more than one imaging, genetic, or biological modality. Diagnosis One example of a co... | Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative | 0.837236 |
2,523 | Algebra Abstract algebra Linear algebra (Outline) Number theory Order theory Function | Outline of mathematics | 0.837232 |
2,524 | Subgroups of a finite p-group G, ordered by inclusion The Möbius function is if H 1 {\displaystyle H_{1}} is a normal subgroup of H 2 {\displaystyle H_{2}} and H 2 / H 1 ≅ ( Z / p Z ) k {\displaystyle H_{2}/H_{1}\cong (\mathbb {Z} /p\mathbb {Z} )^{k}} and it is 0 otherwise. This is a theorem of Weisner (1935). Partitio... | Generalized Möbius function | 0.837232 |
2,525 | Bioinformatics ( ) is an interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, especially when the data sets are large and complex. Bioinformatics uses biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, computer programming, information engineering, mathematics and s... | Bio informatics | 0.837227 |
2,526 | In the field of machine learning, the goal of statistical classification is to use an object's characteristics to identify which class (or group) it belongs to. A linear classifier achieves this by making a classification decision based on the value of a linear combination of the characteristics. An object's characteri... | Linear classification | 0.837221 |
2,527 | Guard cells perceive and process environmental and endogenous stimuli such as light, humidity, CO2 concentration, temperature, drought, and plant hormones to trigger cellular responses resulting in stomatal opening or closure. These signal transduction pathways determine for example how quickly a plant will lose water ... | Guard cell | 0.837219 |
2,528 | Three bases for Boolean algebra are in common use, the lattice basis, the ring basis, and the Sheffer stroke or NAND basis. These bases impart respectively a logical, an arithmetical, and a parsimonious character to the subject. The lattice basis originated in the 19th century with the work of Boole, Peirce, and others... | Power set algebra | 0.837218 |
2,529 | In mathematics, a quadratic form is a polynomial with terms all of degree two ("form" is another name for a homogeneous polynomial). For example, is a quadratic form in the variables x and y. The coefficients usually belong to a fixed field K, such as the real or complex numbers, and one speaks of a quadratic form over... | Quadratic space | 0.837218 |
2,530 | a, b, c, d (sometimes extended to e, f) for parameters or coefficients a0, a1, a2, ... for situations where distinct letters are inconvenient ai or ui for the i-th term of a sequence or the i-th coefficient of a series e for Euler's number f, g, h for functions (as in f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ) i for the imaginary ... | Mathematical variable | 0.837209 |
2,531 | The project was started on 1 August 2009, with the mission to sequence 10,000 microbes within 3 years. It includes sequencing industrial, agricultural, medical microorganism and many others. It is done in collaboration with many institutes, universities and enterprises, including Biotechnology Research Institute of the... | BGI Group | 0.837208 |
2,532 | What follows is an example use-case for building a multilayer perceptron using Modules: Loss functions are implemented as sub-classes of Criterion, which has a similar interface to Module. It also has forward() and backward() methods for computing the loss and backpropagating gradients, respectively. Criteria are helpf... | Torch (machine learning) | 0.837206 |
2,533 | In mathematics, an associative algebra A is an algebraic structure with compatible operations of addition, multiplication (assumed to be associative), and a scalar multiplication by elements in some field K. The addition and multiplication operations together give A the structure of a ring; the addition and scalar mult... | Linear associative algebra | 0.837205 |
2,534 | At almost all TMSCA competitions, students are ranked against each other in their specific grade level. For example, all eighth graders compete against each other, all seventh graders compete against each other, and so on and so forth. This ensures parity of competition since students in higher grades generally tend to... | Texas Math and Science Coaches Association | 0.837205 |
2,535 | Potentially there may be other classes of problems where quantum speedup might occur. Researchers at Google, LANL, USC, Texas A&M, and D-Wave are working to find such problem classes.In December 2015, Google announced that the D-Wave 2X outperforms both simulated annealing and Quantum Monte Carlo by up to a factor of 1... | Quantum annealing | 0.837202 |
2,536 | Rotating 3D plots to visualize response surfaces. Exploring 2D contours with a computer mouse, setting flags along the way to identify coordinates and predict responses. Precisely locating where all specified requirements meet using numerical optimization functions within DOE software. | Multifactor design of experiments software | 0.837197 |
2,537 | The equation given by Fuss' theorem, giving the relation among the radius of a bicentric quadrilateral's inscribed circle, the radius of its circumscribed circle, and the distance between the centers of those circles, can be expressed as a quadratic equation for which the distance between the two circles' centers in te... | Quadratic equations | 0.837193 |
2,538 | The Virtual breakdown mechanism is a concept in the field of electrochemistry. In electrochemical reactions, when the cathode and the anode are close enough to each other (i.e., so-called "nanogap electrochemical cells"), the double layer of the regions from the two electrodes is overlapped, forming a large electric fi... | Virtual breakdown mechanism | 0.837187 |
2,539 | In mathematics, and in particular universal algebra, the concept of an n-ary group (also called n-group or multiary group) is a generalization of the concept of a group to a set G with an n-ary operation instead of a binary operation. By an n-ary operation is meant any map f: Gn → G from the n-th Cartesian power of G t... | N-ary group | 0.837186 |
2,540 | To classify an object as, for example, Dewey class number 514 (Topology) (i.e. books having the number 514 on their spine) the implied statement is: " <514>". This is a subject-predicate-object triple, or more importantly, a class-attribute-value triple. The first 2 elements of the triple (class, attribute) are pieces ... | Metadata | 0.837183 |
2,541 | In general, bulk flow in plant biology typically refers to the movement of water from the soil up through the plant to the leaf tissue through xylem, but can also be applied to the transport of larger solutes (e.g. sucrose) through the phloem. | Bulk flow | 0.837182 |
2,542 | For example, in the so-called "discordant read pairs method", DNA insertions can be inferred if the distance between read pairs is larger than expected. Calculations show that around 50-fold redundancy is needed to avoid false-positive errors at 1% threshold.The advent of next-generation sequencing has also made large-... | DNA sequencing theory | 0.837182 |
2,543 | Microbiomes are among the main targets of single cell genomics due to the difficulty of culturing the majority of microorganisms in most environments. Single-cell genomics is a powerful way to obtain microbial genome sequences without cultivation. This approach has been widely applied on marine, soil, subsurface, organ... | Single-cell sequencing | 0.83718 |
2,544 | The {0} object is a terminal object of any algebraic structure where it exists, like it was described for examples above. But its existence and, if it exists, the property to be an initial object (and hence, a zero object in the category-theoretical sense) depend on exact definition of the multiplicative identity 1 in ... | Zero vector space | 0.837176 |
2,545 | Thus, in practice a topology on a set is treated like an abstract data type that provides all needed notions (and constructors) but hides the distinction between "primary" and "secondary" notions. The same applies to other kinds of mathematical structures. "Interestingly, the formalization of structures in set theory i... | Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures | 0.837175 |
2,546 | Oliver Selfridge, Learning and Education for Software: New Approaches in Machine Learning Ray Solomonoff, Machine Learning — Past and Future Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Learning to be Intelligent Peter Norvig, Web Search as a Product of and Catalyst for AI | AI@50 | 0.837174 |
2,547 | In mathematics, George Glauberman's ZJ theorem states that if a finite group G is p-constrained and p-stable and has a normal p-subgroup for some odd prime p, then Op′(G)Z(J(S)) is a normal subgroup of G, for any Sylow p-subgroup S. | ZJ theorem | 0.837174 |
2,548 | In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. When the filaments are packed up together... | Protein filament | 0.837169 |
2,549 | In particular, the pairs (k,0) and (0,k) describe the same nanotube geometry. These redundancies can be avoided by considering only pairs (n,m) such that n > 0 and m ≥ 0; that is, where the direction of the vector w lies between those of u (inclusive) and v (exclusive). | Single-walled carbon nanotubes | 0.837151 |
2,550 | There are several ways to represent the solution in an algebraic closure, which are discussed below. All of them allow one to compute a numerical approximation of the solutions by solving one or several univariate equations. For this computation, it is preferable to use a representation that involves solving only one u... | Polynomial system solving | 0.837148 |
2,551 | Professor Dan M. Ionel received the M.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania. His doctoral program included a Leverhulme Visiting Fellowship at the University of Bath, England. | Dan Mircea Ionel | 0.837142 |
2,552 | The geometry and speed of the lump define how the flowing material will be transported, accelerated, and decelerated around the lump. This material flow is critical when defining the contact pressure, energy density, and developed temperature during sliding. The mathematical function describing acceleration and deceler... | Galling | 0.837136 |
2,553 | Within Z, all integers except −1, 0, 1 provide examples; they are not zero divisors nor do they have inverses in Z. If the ring or algebra is finite, however, then all elements a which are not zero divisors do have a (left and right) inverse. For, first observe that the map f(x) = ax must be injective: f(x) = f(y) impl... | Arithmetic inverse | 0.837136 |
2,554 | Finally, Nouvelle AI excels in reactive and real-world robotics domains but has been criticized for difficulties in incorporating learning and knowledge. Hybrid AIs incorporating one or more of these approaches are currently viewed as the path forward. Russell and Norvig conclude that:Overall, Dreyfus saw areas where A... | Symbolic artificial intelligence | 0.837131 |
2,555 | Example: for nonzero real numbers a and b, the subgroup of R generated by a is commensurable with the subgroup generated by b if and only if the real numbers a and b are commensurable, meaning that a/b belongs to the rational numbers Q. In geometric group theory, a finitely generated group is viewed as a metric space u... | Commensurability (group theory) | 0.837126 |
2,556 | For example, the result table might look like: Another option when there are multiple matches is to use some criterion to select one of the rows from the matching set, usually a spatial optimization criterion. For example, one could join the school building points (not the districts) to the student residents points by ... | Spatial join | 0.837117 |
2,557 | To: Douglas B. Meade, University of South Carolina and Philip B. Yasskin, Texas A&M University For: Maplets for Calculus, Tutoring without the Tutor' | ICTCM Award | 0.837116 |
2,558 | In biochemistry, the process of breaking down large molecules by splitting their internal bonds is catabolism. Enzymes which catalyse bond cleavage are known as lyases, unless they operate by hydrolysis or oxidoreduction, in which case they are known as hydrolases and oxidoreductases respectively. In proteomics, cleavi... | Bond cleavage | 0.837113 |
2,559 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research in biochemistry and physiology. | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D | 0.837108 |
2,560 | Thus, the viral protein repertoire retain traces of ancient evolutionary history that can be recovered using advanced bioinformatics approaches. Those researchers think that "the prolonged pressure of genome and particle size reduction eventually reduced virocells into modern viruses (identified by the complete loss of... | Alternative abiogenesis scenarios | 0.837098 |
2,561 | According to the work-energy theorem the vertical component of velocity is: v y 2 = ( v 0 sin θ ) 2 − 2 g y {\displaystyle v_{y}^{2}=(v_{0}\sin \theta )^{2}-2gy} . These formulae ignore aerodynamic drag and also assume that the landing area is at uniform height 0. | Ballistic trajectory | 0.837096 |
2,562 | In a study of automatic classification of geological structures, the weakness of the model is the small training dataset, even though with the help of data augmentation to increase the size of the dataset. Another study of predicting streamflow found that the accuracies depend on the availability of sufficient historic... | Machine learning in earth sciences | 0.837092 |
2,563 | There is an element g of G which has qd conjugates, for some d > 0.By the first statement of Sylow's theorem, G has a subgroup S of order pa. Because S is a nontrivial p-group, its center Z(S) is nontrivial. Fix a nontrivial element g ∈ Z ( S ) {\displaystyle g\in Z(S)} . | Burnside theorem | 0.83709 |
2,564 | Three famous questions of Greek geometry were how: to trisect any angle using a compass and a straightedge, to construct a cube with a volume twice the volume of a given cube, to construct a square equal in area to that of a given circle.For more than 2,000 years unsuccessful attempts were made to solve these problems;... | Impossibility proof | 0.837086 |
2,565 | In computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, proved by Thomas Jerome Schaefer, states necessary and sufficient conditions under which a finite set S of relations over the Boolean domain yields polynomial-time or NP-complete problems when the relations of S are used to ... | Schaefer's dichotomy theorem | 0.837084 |
2,566 | In physics, the elastic potential energy gained by a wire during elongation with a tensile (stretching) or compressive (contractile) force is called strain energy. For linearly elastic materials, strain energy is: U = 1 2 V σ ε = 1 2 V E ε 2 = 1 2 V E σ 2 {\displaystyle U={\frac {1}{2}}V\sigma \varepsilon ={\frac {1}{2... | Strain energy | 0.83708 |
2,567 | Pombase provides both documentation and an FAQ. Usage of PomBase as a research tool is explored in the "Eukaryotic Genomic Databases" (Methods and Protocols) book chapter. Developments and updates are described in the NAR Database Issue papers. For a detailed overview of using S. pombe as a model organism see the genet... | PomBase | 0.837079 |
2,568 | Depending on their size, airborne cyanobacteria and microalgae can be inhaled by humans and settle in different parts of the respiratory system, leading to the formation or intensification of numerous diseases and ailments, e.g., allergies, dermatitis, and rhinitis. According to Wiśniewska et al., these harmful microor... | Aeroplankton | 0.837078 |
2,569 | Turing's new question is: "Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?" This question, Turing believed, was one that could actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that "machines can think".Since Turing intro... | Turing Test | 0.837077 |
2,570 | The best students would take an advanced course in mathematics, geometry, astronomy and harmonics. The first course in the scheme of higher education would last for ten years. It would be for those who had a flair for science. At the age of 30 there would be another selection; those who qualified would study dialectics... | Educational philosophies | 0.837073 |
2,571 | The converse of this fact is only partially true, but this is due only to the laws of physics. For example, the radius of a zometool node is positive (as opposed to a node being a single point mathematically), so one cannot make a zometool model where two nodes are separated by an arbitrarily small, prescribed distance... | Zome | 0.83707 |
2,572 | The links between theaters are not compatible with ring or scheme structures and are performed outside conventional arithmetic geometry. However, they are compatible with certain group structures, and absolute Galois groups as well as certain types of topological groups play a fundamental role in IUT. Considerations of... | Inter-universal Teichmüller theory | 0.837062 |
2,573 | Complexity of conversion escalates with Euler angles (used here in the broad sense). The first difficulty is to establish which of the twenty-four variations of Cartesian axis order we will use. Suppose the three angles are θ1, θ2, θ3; physics and chemistry may interpret these as Q ( θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 ) = Q z ( θ 1 ) Q y... | Rotation matrix | 0.837058 |
2,574 | Aromatic compounds play key roles in the biochemistry of all living things. The four aromatic amino acids histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine each serve as one of the 20 basic building-blocks of proteins. Further, all 5 nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil) that make up the sequen... | Y-aromaticity | 0.837056 |
2,575 | The behavior of biologically derived computational systems such as these relies on the particular molecules that make up the system, which are primarily proteins but may also include DNA molecules. Nanobiotechnology provides the means to synthesize the multiple chemical components necessary to create such a system. The... | Biomolecular computing | 0.837054 |
2,576 | In mathematics, and specifically in group theory, a non-abelian group, sometimes called a non-commutative group, is a group (G, ∗) in which there exists at least one pair of elements a and b of G, such that a ∗ b ≠ b ∗ a. This class of groups contrasts with the abelian groups. (In an abelian group, all pairs of group e... | Nonabelian group | 0.837042 |
2,577 | Some tools that use this method are FACS and BioBloom tools. While these methods may not outclass other bioinformatics classification tools like Kraken, they offer a memory-efficient alternative. | Bloom filters in bioinformatics | 0.83704 |
2,578 | Every normal subgroup of G / N {\displaystyle G/N} is of the form K / N {\displaystyle K/N} for some normal subgroup K {\displaystyle K} of G {\displaystyle G} such that N ⊆ K ⊆ G {\displaystyle N\subseteq K\subseteq G} . If K {\displaystyle K} is a normal subgroup of G {\displaystyle G} such that N ⊆ K ⊆ G {\displayst... | Second isomorphism theorem | 0.837038 |
2,579 | The use of many machines, such as the many sequencers used during the Human Genome Project, might also fall under this definition.Big laboratories: Because of the increase in cost to do basic science (with the increase of large machines), centralization of scientific research in large laboratories (such as Lawrence Ber... | Big Science | 0.837037 |
2,580 | Diameter (maximum width) of a convex polygon Width (minimum width) of a convex polygon Maximum distance between two convex polygons Minimum distance between two convex polygons Widest empty (or separating) strip between two convex polygons (a simplified low-dimensional variant of a problem arising in support vector mac... | Rotating calipers | 0.837027 |
2,581 | According to the standard a similar optimization may be applied to objects being thrown and caught, but it is unclear whether the optimization applies to both the copy from the thrown object to the exception object, and the copy from the exception object to the object declared in the exception-declaration of the catch ... | Return value optimization | 0.837025 |
2,582 | Therefore, as the capacitor charges or discharges, the voltage changes at a different rate than the galvani potential difference. In these situations, one cannot calculate capacitance merely by looking at the overall geometry and using Gauss's law. One must also take into account the band-filling / band-emptying effect... | Quantum capacitance | 0.837023 |
2,583 | Often, one further simplifies this relation by considering point-like dipole sources, in which case the integrals disappear and one simply has the product of the electric field with the corresponding dipole moments of the currents. Or, for wires of negligible thickness, one obtains the applied current in one wire multi... | Lorentz reciprocity | 0.83702 |
2,584 | Breadth-first search can be used to solve many problems in graph theory, for example: Copying garbage collection, Cheney's algorithm Finding the shortest path between two nodes u and v, with path length measured by number of edges (an advantage over depth-first search) (Reverse) Cuthill–McKee mesh numbering Ford–Fulker... | Breadth first recursion | 0.837019 |
2,585 | Ecology, ecological forecasting Biological sequence analysis Systems biology for gene network inference or pathways analysis. Clinical research and pharmaceutical development Population dynamics, especially in regards to fisheries science. Phylogenetics and evolution Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Neuroimaging | Biostatistics | 0.837019 |
2,586 | Cycloheximide can be used as an experimental tool in molecular biology to determine the half-life of a protein. Treating cells with cycloheximide in a time-course experiment followed by western blotting of the cell lysates for the protein of interest can show differences in protein half-life. Cycloheximide treatment pr... | Cycloheximide | 0.837012 |
2,587 | Advanced Placement (AP) Physics 2 is a year-long introductory physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to proxy a second-semester algebra-based university course in fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. Along with... | AP Physics 2 | 0.837004 |
2,588 | Protein phosphorylation is the most abundant post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Phosphorylation can occur on serine, threonine and tyrosine side chains (often called 'residues') through phosphoester bond formation, on histidine, lysine and arginine through phosphoramidate bonds, and on aspartic acid and glu... | Phosphorylation | 0.837002 |
2,589 | Other types include: Belleville washer A disc shaped spring commonly used to apply tension to a bolt (and also in the initiation mechanism of pressure-activated landmines) Constant-force spring A tightly rolled ribbon that exerts a nearly constant force as it is unrolled Gas spring A volume of compressed gas. Ideal spr... | Zero-length spring | 0.837002 |
2,590 | (This was when individual rounds were weighted 1-2-3 instead of 2-2-2.) The first meet of 2004-05 saw two teams score 200: Clarke scored 200, and Diamond shattered the record by scoring 212. Diamond scored perfect 36s in each of the rounds except for round 3 (number theory), in which 2 students each got a question wron... | Intermediate Math League of Eastern Massachusetts | 0.837002 |
2,591 | The attribution of digits other than the first is even less standardized, but in general, sequences of related courses tend to have consecutive numbers, indicating prerequisites or recommended sequence. So, for instance, a college may not allow students to enroll in English 201 before they have passed English 101 and 1... | Elective course | 0.836999 |
2,592 | Correlation genotype–phenotype Dominant Intermediate (also called "codominant") Recessive Overdominant UnderdominantThese three categories are part of every exact description of a mode of inheritance in the above order. In addition, more specifications may be added as follows: 4. Coincidental and environmental interact... | Biological inheritance | 0.836993 |
2,593 | This is medieval geometry at its best. It contains propositions on such topics as the ratios of sides and angles of triangles; the division of straight lines, triangles, and quadrangles under different conditions; the ratio of arcs and plane segments in the same or in different circles; trisecting an angle; the area of... | Jordanus de Nemore | 0.83698 |
2,594 | Genotyping applies to a broad range of individuals, including microorganisms. For example, viruses and bacteria can be genotyped. Genotyping in this context may help in controlling the spreading of pathogens, by tracing the origin of outbreaks. This area is often referred to as molecular epidemiology or forensic microb... | Genome screen | 0.836978 |
2,595 | encountered a few paragraphs ago is equivalent to x + 1 ≥ 4 {\displaystyle x+1\geq 4\,\!} , which in turn is equivalent to x ≥ 3 {\displaystyle x\geq 3\,\!} by elementary algebra. | Propositional dynamic logic | 0.836978 |
2,596 | Another variant, related to the Poincaré–Miranda theorem, is as follows. Suppose the cube n is partitioned into Mn unit cubes. Suppose each vertex is labeled with a binary vector of length n, such that for every vertex v: (1) if vi = 0 then the coordinate i of label on v is 0; (2) if vi = M then coordinate i of the lab... | Sperner coloring | 0.836976 |
2,597 | LINPACK 100 is very similar to the original benchmark published in 1979 along with the LINPACK users' manual. The solution is obtained by Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting, with 2/3n³ + 2n² floating-point operations where n is 100, the order of the dense matrix A that defines the problem. Its small size and th... | LINPACK benchmark | 0.836974 |
2,598 | Apart from small corrections, the brightness of Vega still serves as the definition of zero magnitude for visible and near infrared wavelengths, where its spectral energy distribution (SED) closely approximates that of a black body for a temperature of 11000 K. However, with the advent of infrared astronomy it was reve... | Visual magnitude | 0.836974 |
2,599 | There are multiple disciplines of engineering available, such as: Aeronautical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering. | BTEC Extended Diploma | 0.836972 |
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