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4,200 | 7. Examining how likely it is that the concept applies, statistically or intuitively (probability theory). | Fuzzy concept | 0.832957 |
4,201 | Computer science – (outline) Computer science Theory of computation Scientific computing Metacomputing Autonomic computing | Outline of computing | 0.832957 |
4,202 | Family-based QTL mapping, or Family-pedigree based mapping (Linkage and association mapping), involves multiple families instead of a single family. Family-based QTL mapping has been the only way for mapping of genes where experimental crosses are difficult to make. However, due to some advantages, now plant geneticist... | Quantitative trait loci | 0.832955 |
4,203 | These statistics were combined using a support vector machine. Other properties include the appearance of a promoter to transcribe the RNA. ncRNAs are also often followed by a Rho-independent transcription terminator. Using a combination of these approaches, multiple studies have enumerated candidate RNAs, e.g., Some s... | Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs | 0.832955 |
4,204 | The game of Wald's maximin model is also a 2-person zero-sum game, but the players choose sequentially. With the establishment of modern decision theory in the 1950s, the model became a key ingredient in the formulation of non-probabilistic decision-making models in the face of severe uncertainty. It is widely used in ... | Wald's maximin model | 0.832954 |
4,205 | In advanced topics such as quantum mechanics and relativity it is often easier to work with a potential formulation of electrodynamics rather than in terms of the electric and magnetic fields. In this representation, the magnetic vector potential A, and the electric scalar potential φ, are defined using gauge fixing su... | Magnetic lines of force | 0.832953 |
4,206 | Points C and E are the closest points on those planes to the origin B, therefore angles ∠ BCD and ∠ BED are right angles and so the points B, C, D, E lie on a circle (due to a corollary of Thales's theorem). BD is the diameter of that circle. a := B E | | B E | | , b := B C | | B C | | , r := B D ; − a = | | B E | | = ... | Plucker coordinates | 0.832951 |
4,207 | As with the meet in the middle attack in cryptography, this improves on the O ( n 2 n ) {\displaystyle O(n2^{n})} runtime of a naive brute force approach (examining all subsets of { 1... n } {\displaystyle \{1...n\}} ), at the cost of using exponential rather than constant space (see also baby-step giant-step). The cur... | Knapsack constraints | 0.832947 |
4,208 | What was said above of the chemistry of lysine methylation also applies to arginine methylation, and some protein domains—e.g., Tudor domains—can be specific for methyl arginine instead of methyl lysine. Arginine is known to be mono- or di-methylated, and methylation can be symmetric or asymmetric, potentially with dif... | Core histones | 0.832939 |
4,209 | The puzzle cannot be solved: it is impossible to change the string MI into MU by repeatedly applying the given rules. In other words, MU is not a theorem of the MIU formal system. To prove this, one must step "outside" the formal system itself. In order to prove assertions like this, it is often beneficial to look for ... | MU puzzle | 0.832936 |
4,210 | In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance, and approximates the response of that material to external stimuli, usually as applie... | Constitutive equations | 0.832936 |
4,211 | Definitions in KL-ONE can be directly mapped to set theory and the predicate calculus. This allows specialized theorem provers called classifiers to analyze the various declarations between sets, subsets, and relations in a given model. In this way the model can be validated and any inconsistent definitions flagged. | Logic in computer science | 0.832935 |
4,212 | Analytical learning Artificial neural network Backpropagation Boosting (meta-algorithm) Bayesian statistics Case-based reasoning Decision tree learning Inductive logic programming Gaussian process regression Genetic programming Group method of data handling Kernel estimators Learning automata Learning classifier system... | Supervised classification | 0.832935 |
4,213 | Couples are very important in mechanical engineering and the physical sciences. A few examples are: The forces exerted by one's hand on a screw-driver The forces exerted by the tip of a screwdriver on the head of a screw Drag forces acting on a spinning propeller Forces on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field... | Couple (mechanics) | 0.832924 |
4,214 | Another group used a hill climbing procedure that applies network morphisms, followed by short cosine-annealing optimization runs. The approach yielded competitive results, requiring resources on the same order of magnitude as training a single network. E.g., on CIFAR-10, the method designed and trained a network with ... | Neural architecture search | 0.832922 |
4,215 | In computer science, a container is a class or a data structure whose instances are collections of other objects. In other words, they store objects in an organized way that follows specific access rules. The size of the container depends on the number of objects (elements) it contains. Underlying (inherited) implement... | Container (abstract data type) | 0.832922 |
4,216 | Hurley T., Hurley D., International Journal of Information and Coding Theory, Vol 31 No. 3 2006, 319-335 2000 "Groups related to Fox subgroups". Hurley, T,Sehgal, S (2000). Communications In Algebra, 28 :1051-1059 1996 "The modular Fox subgroups". | Ted Hurley | 0.83292 |
4,217 | The first section introduces the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, including methods for converting between different representation systems. This section also includes the first known description of trial division for testing whether a number is composite and, if so, factoring it.The second section presents examples from c... | Liber Abaci | 0.832919 |
4,218 | Differentiating between infectious and non-infectious illness, and identifying the underlying etiology of infection, can be challenging. For example, more than half of cases of encephalitis remain undiagnosed, despite extensive testing using state-of-the-art clinical laboratory methods. Clinical metagenomic sequencing ... | Human metagenome | 0.832919 |
4,219 | A system with W but not N is isomorphic to: a Boolean algebra lacking a 0; a join semilattice bounded from above by 1. Binary fusion and W interpret join and 1, respectively.Postulating N renders all possible products definable, but also transforms classical extensional mereology into a set-free model of Boolean algebr... | Mereology | 0.832918 |
4,220 | The primary aim of knowledge engineering is to attain a productive interaction between the available knowledge base and problem solving techniques. This is possible through development of a procedure in which large amounts of task-specific information is encoded into heuristic programs. Thus, the first essential compon... | Dendral | 0.832917 |
4,221 | Other techniques are usually specialized in analyzing datasets that have only one type of variable. (For example, relation rules can be used only with nominal variables while neural networks can be used only with numerical variables or categoricals converted to 0-1 values.) Early decision trees were only capable of han... | Regression tree | 0.832915 |
4,222 | A scientific wager is a wager whose outcome is settled by scientific method. It typically consists of an offer to pay a certain sum of money on the scientific proof or disproof of some currently-uncertain statement. Some wagers have specific date restrictions for collection, but many are open. Wagers occasionally exert... | Scientific wager | 0.832914 |
4,223 | In 2010, Jinku Li et al. proposed that a suitably modified compiler could completely eliminate return-oriented "gadgets" by replacing each call f with the instruction sequence pushl $index; jmp f and each ret with the instruction sequence popl %reg; jmp table(%reg), where table represents an immutable tabulation of all... | Gadget (machine instruction sequence) | 0.832909 |
4,224 | The advantages of the method include: uniquely wide field of view (because translation complexes of any type, including scanning small ribosomal subunits, are captured for the first time); potentially more natural representation of complex dynamics (because all, and not only selected, translation processes are arrested... | TCP-seq | 0.832909 |
4,225 | In a published article, a member of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Physics Education Research Group (UMPERG)articulated this advantage in more detail, using the term "Classroom Communication System (CCS)" for what we have been calling an audience response system:By providing feedback to an instructor about stu... | Clicker (classroom) | 0.832906 |
4,226 | The interpretation of the latent spaces of machine learning models is an active field of study, but latent space interpretation is difficult to achieve. Due to the black-box nature of machine learning models, the latent space may be completely unintuitive. Additionally, the latent space may be high-dimensional, complex... | Latent space | 0.832904 |
4,227 | Of course, no simple group can be expressed as a semi-direct product (because they do not have nontrivial normal subgroups), but there are a few common counterexamples of groups containing a non-trivial normal subgroup that nonetheless cannot be expressed as a semi-direct product. Note that although not every group G {... | Semidirect product | 0.8329 |
4,228 | The genetic code within living organisms can potentially be co-opted to store information. Furthermore synthetic biology can be used to engineer cells with "molecular recorders" to allow the storage and retrieval of information stored in the cell's genetic material. CRISPR gene editing can also be used to insert artifi... | DNA data storage | 0.832896 |
4,229 | While memoization may be added to functions internally and explicitly by a computer programmer in much the same way the above memoized version of factorial is implemented, referentially transparent functions may also be automatically memoized externally. The techniques employed by Peter Norvig have application not only... | Memoization | 0.832893 |
4,230 | For example, the Daedalus Project study, which proposed a spacecraft powered by the fusion of deuterium and helium-3, would require 36 years to reach the "nearby" Alpha Centauri system. Other proposed interstellar propulsion systems include light sails, ramjets, and beam-powered propulsion. More advanced propulsion sys... | Intergalactic space | 0.832893 |
4,231 | Discrete mathematics is a key foundation of software engineering. Number representation Set (computer science) Bags Graphs Sequences Trees Graph (data structure) Logic Deduction First-order logic Higher-order logic Combinatory logic Induction CombinatoricsOther Domain knowledge Statistics Decision theory Type theory | Outline of software engineering | 0.832891 |
4,232 | Discrete Mathematics, (335):81-91 2011 "Group ring cryptography". Hurley, B.,Hurley, T. (2011). | Ted Hurley | 0.83289 |
4,233 | Throughput per SMRT cell is around 500 million bases demonstrated by sequencing results from the CHM1 cell line.On October 15, 2014, PacBio announced the release of new chemistry P6-C4 for the RS II system, which represents the company's 6th generation of polymerase and 4th generation chemistry--further extending the a... | SMRT sequencing | 0.83289 |
4,234 | The linear combinations of the mi solutions (except the one which gives the zero vector) are the eigenvectors associated with the eigenvalue λi. The integer mi is termed the geometric multiplicity of λi. It is important to keep in mind that the algebraic multiplicity ni and geometric multiplicity mi may or may not be e... | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.832889 |
4,235 | It is the main factor in determining Q m s {\displaystyle Q_{\rm {ms}}} . R m s {\displaystyle R_{\rm {ms}}} is influenced by suspension topology, materials, and by the voice-coil former (bobbin) material. C m s {\displaystyle C_{\rm {ms}}} Measured in metre per newton (m/N). | Thiele/Small parameters | 0.832888 |
4,236 | On this level, the MU puzzle can be seen to be impossible. The inability of the MIU system to express or deduce facts about itself, such as the inability to derive MU, is a consequence of its simplicity. However, more complex formal systems, such as systems of mathematical logic, may possess this ability. This is the k... | MU puzzle | 0.832887 |
4,237 | They concluded that MOSA methods were more efficient than MOCS methods. In the future comparisons with other meta-heuristic methods could be researched, including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA- ), multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) and multi-objective Imperialist Competitive A... | Arc routing Problem | 0.832886 |
4,238 | A non-associative algebra (or distributive algebra) is an algebra over a field where the binary multiplication operation is not assumed to be associative. That is, an algebraic structure A is a non-associative algebra over a field K if it is a vector space over K and is equipped with a K-bilinear binary multiplication ... | Example of a non-associative algebra | 0.832886 |
4,239 | The coordinates are often denoted by the letters X, Y, and Z, or x, y, and z. The axes may then be referred to as the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, respectively. Then the coordinate hyperplanes can be referred to as the XY-plane, YZ-plane, and XZ-plane. In mathematics, physics, and engineering contexts, the first two axe... | Cartesian coordinate | 0.832886 |
4,240 | POWER8 splits the memory controller functions by moving some of them away from the processor and closer to the memory. The scheduling logic, the memory energy management, and the RAS decision point are moved to a so-called Memory Buffer chip (a.k.a. Centaur). Offloading certain memory processes to the Memory Buffer chi... | POWER8 on-chip controller | 0.832884 |
4,241 | One had the influential idea of the Carter subgroup, and the subsequent creation of formation theory and the theory of classes of groups. One had the remarkable extensions of Clifford theory by Green to the indecomposable modules of group algebras. During this era, the field of computational group theory became a recog... | History of group theory | 0.832882 |
4,242 | Neurochemistry – study of neurochemicals; including transmitters, peptides, proteins, lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids; their interactions, and the roles they play in forming, maintaining, and modifying the nervous system. Molecular biochemistry and genetic engineering –an area of biochemistry and molecular biology th... | Outline of chemistry | 0.83288 |
4,243 | This appendix is divided into three "books".Book I is titled Problems Which Can Be Constructed by Means of Circles and Straight Lines Only. In this book he introduces algebraic notation that is still in use today. The letters at the end of the alphabet, viz., x, y, z, etc. are to denote unknown variables, while those a... | La Géométrie | 0.832875 |
4,244 | All of the colligative properties result from a lowering of the chemical potential of the solvent in the presence of a solute. This lowering is an entropy effect. The greater randomness of the solution (as compared to the pure solvent) acts in opposition to freezing, so that a lower temperature must be reached, over a ... | Freezing-point depression | 0.832873 |
4,245 | Tropical medicine requires an interdisciplinary approach, as the infections and diseases tropical medicine faces are both broad and unique. Tropical medicine requires research and assistance from the fields of epidemiology, microbiology, virology, parasitology, and logistics. Physicians of tropical medicine must have e... | Tropical medicine | 0.832869 |
4,246 | In computer science, the Method of Four Russians is a technique for speeding up algorithms involving Boolean matrices, or more generally algorithms involving matrices in which each cell may take on only a bounded number of possible values. | Method of Four Russians | 0.832869 |
4,247 | The sieve of Eratosthenes can be expressed in pseudocode, as follows: algorithm Sieve of Eratosthenes is input: an integer n > 1. output: all prime numbers from 2 through n. let A be an array of Boolean values, indexed by integers 2 to n, initially all set to true. for i = 2, 3, 4, ..., not exceeding √n do if A is true... | Sieve of Eratosthenes | 0.832869 |
4,248 | Macromolecular structure validation is the process of evaluating reliability for 3-dimensional atomic models of large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. These models, which provide 3D coordinates for each atom in the molecule (see example in the image), come from structural biology experiments suc... | Structure validation | 0.832869 |
4,249 | Algebraic normal form Boolean conjunctive query Canonical form (Boolean algebra) Conjunctive normal form Disjunctive normal form Formal system | Boolean algebra topics | 0.832868 |
4,250 | There has been a tremendous advance in speed and cost reduction since the completion of the Human Genome Project, with some labs able to sequence over 100,000 billion bases each year, and a full genome can be sequenced for $1,000 or less.Computers became essential in molecular biology when protein sequences became avai... | Genetic informatics | 0.832865 |
4,251 | Of course, we could have easily completed this calculation using the powerful language of electrostatic potential or electrostatic potential energy (with the familiar formulas W = −ΔU = −qΔV). However, we have not yet defined potential or potential energy, because the converse of the gradient theorem is required to pro... | Fundamental theorem of line integrals | 0.832863 |
4,252 | Application of the formula for distance between two coordinates d = ( x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y 1 ) 2 + ( z 2 − z 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle d={\sqrt {(x_{2}-x_{1})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{1})^{2}+(z_{2}-z_{1})^{2}}}} results in one equation with one unknown, in which we can solve for z2. One of x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, or z2 can be unknow... | Degrees of freedom (physics) | 0.832861 |
4,253 | Assumption: In this section, sesquilinear forms are antilinear (resp. linear) in their second (resp. first) argument.In a projective geometry G, a permutation δ of the subspaces that inverts inclusion, i.e. S ⊆ T ⇒ Tδ ⊆ Sδ for all subspaces S, T of G,is called a correlation. A result of Birkhoff and von Neumann (1936) ... | Sesquilinear form | 0.832859 |
4,254 | Unlike genomes, glycans are highly dynamic.This area of research has to deal with an inherent level of complexity not seen in other areas of applied biology. 68 building blocks (molecules for DNA, RNA and proteins; categories for lipids; types of sugar linkages for saccharides) provide the structural basis for the mole... | Glycomics | 0.832853 |
4,255 | Jacobi. The triangle form of the area formula can be considered to be a special case of Green's theorem. The area formula can also be applied to self-overlapping polygons since the meaning of area is still clear even though self-overlapping polygons are not generally simple. Furthermore, a self-overlapping polygon can ... | Shoelace formula | 0.83285 |
4,256 | With the advent of next-generation sequencing, the genome-wide sequencing analyses have been made more accessible to thoroughly understand the genetics of each patient's cancer. Genetic material from tumour biopsies can be analyzed by two genome-wide approaches: whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing ... | Personalized Onco-genomics | 0.832849 |
4,257 | These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?" Later in the paper, Turing suggests an "equivalent" alternative formulation involving a judge conversing only with a computer and a man. While neither of these formulations precisely matches the version of the Turing test that is more generally known today, he... | Imitation game | 0.832845 |
4,258 | In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, an A-group is a type of group that is similar to abelian groups. The groups were first studied in the 1940s by Philip Hall, and are still studied today. A great deal is known about their structure. | A-group | 0.832844 |
4,259 | Engineered structures are usually designed so the maximum expected stresses are well within the range of linear elasticity (the generalization of Hooke's law for continuous media); that is, the deformations caused by internal stresses are linearly related to them. In this case the differential equations that define the... | Physical stress | 0.832843 |
4,260 | This was inspired in part by the retraction of a high-profile paper from 2004 which originally described the computational design of a protein with improved enzymatic activity relative to its natural form. The 2008 research paper from David Baker's group describing how the protein was made, which cited Rosetta@home for... | Rosetta@home | 0.832839 |
4,261 | Water is an excellent solvent and has two other useful properties: the fact that ice floats enables aquatic organisms to survive beneath it in winter; and its molecules have electrically negative and positive ends, which enables it to form a wider range of compounds than other solvents can. Other good solvents, such as... | Terrestrial life | 0.832834 |
4,262 | H. W. Lenstra Jr. for using the geometry of numbers to solve integer programs with few variables in time polynomial in the number of constraints. Eugene M. Luks for a polynomial time graph isomorphism algorithm for graphs of bounded maximum degree. | Fulkerson Prize | 0.832832 |
4,263 | The division lattice is an infinite complete bounded distributive lattice whose elements are the natural numbers ordered by divisibility. Its least element is 1, which divides all natural numbers, while its greatest element is 0, which is divisible by all natural numbers. The meet operation is greatest common divisor w... | Division lattice | 0.832831 |
4,264 | Observations in infrared allow the study of objects and regions of space which would be obscured by gas and dust in the visible spectrum, such as the molecular clouds where stars are born, the circumstellar disks that give rise to planets, and the cores of active galaxies.Relatively cool objects (temperatures less than... | James Webb Space Telescope | 0.83283 |
4,265 | Mathematically the two lines are represented by the equations: { Y = C , X < P b Y = A X + B , X > P b {\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{array}{l}Y=C,&X P_{\rm {b}}\end{array}}\right.} where Y is the crop production or yield, C is the maximum yield, X is the soil salinity, A is the slope (regression coefficient) of the des... | Maas–Hoffman model | 0.832827 |
4,266 | Instances of the zero object include, but are not limited to the following: As a group, the zero group or trivial group. As a ring, the zero ring or trivial ring. As an algebra over a field or algebra over a ring, the trivial algebra. | Trivial module | 0.832826 |
4,267 | A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a device that measures the geometry of physical objects by sensing discrete points on the surface of the object with a probe. Various types of probes are used in CMMs, the most common being mechanical and laser sensors, though optical and white light sensor do exist. Depending on... | Coordinate Measuring Machine | 0.832825 |
4,268 | For example, a particular statement may be shown to imply the law of the excluded middle. An example of a Brouwerian counterexample of this type is Diaconescu's theorem, which shows that the full axiom of choice is non-constructive in systems of constructive set theory, since the axiom of choice implies the law of excl... | Existence proof | 0.832821 |
4,269 | The corollary also indicates the epistemological relevance of the second incompleteness theorem. It would actually provide no interesting information if a system F proved its consistency. This is because inconsistent theories prove everything, including their consistency. | Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem | 0.83282 |
4,270 | In the context of linear programming and related problems in mathematical optimization, convex polytopes are often described by a system of linear inequalities that their points must obey. When a polytope is integral, linear programming can be used to solve integer programming problems for the given system of inequalit... | Convex lattice polytope | 0.832819 |
4,271 | While many results of homological algebra, such as the five lemma or the nine lemma, hold for abelian categories as well as in the category of groups, the snake lemma does not. Indeed, arbitrary cokernels do not exist. However, one can replace cokernels by (left) cosets A ′ / im a {\displaystyle A'/\operatorname {im}... | Snake lemma | 0.832815 |
4,272 | With Walter Gilbert, Church published the first direct genomic sequencing method in 1984. Described in that publication were the cyclic application of fluids to a solid phase alternating with imaging, plus avoidance of bacterial cloning, strategies that are still used in current dominant Next-Generation Sequencing tech... | George Church (geneticist) | 0.832814 |
4,273 | The complexity of equations and the corresponding computer codes, as well as the cost of the computation, increases sharply with the highest level of excitation. For many applications CCSD, while relatively inexpensive, does not provide sufficient accuracy except for the smallest systems (approximately 2 to 4 electrons... | Coupled cluster | 0.832813 |
4,274 | If M {\displaystyle M} is an arbitrary set containing zero, the concept of support is immediately generalizable to functions f: X → M . {\displaystyle f:X\to M.} Support may also be defined for any algebraic structure with identity (such as a group, monoid, or composition algebra), in which the identity element assumes... | Singular support | 0.832812 |
4,275 | The debate is interesting enough, however, that it is considered of note when a theorem in ZFC (ZF plus AC) is logically equivalent (with just the ZF axioms) to the axiom of choice, and mathematicians look for results that require the axiom of choice to be false, though this type of deduction is less common than the ty... | Axiom of Choice | 0.832812 |
4,276 | While teaching a class at Caltech in Advanced Organic Chemistry, Dervan came to a realization that would guide his future career: rather than working to "close" a classic problem that had been previously defined, he would seek to define and "open" a new research area that could be studied for many years. The problem he... | Peter Dervan | 0.832811 |
4,277 | Thus, in order to achieve the same increase in temperature, more heat energy will have to be provided to a mol of that substance than to a mol of a monatomic gas. Substances with high atomic count per molecule, like octane, can therefore have a very large heat capacity per mole, and yet a relatively small specific heat... | Molar heat capacity | 0.83281 |
4,278 | The original theorem works for at most n collections, where n is the number of dimensions. To bisect a larger number of collections without going to higher dimensions, one can use, instead of a hyperplane, an algebraic surface of degree k, i.e., an (n−1)–dimensional surface defined by a polynomial function of degree k:... | Ham sandwich theorem | 0.832804 |
4,279 | § The seven remaining point groups, which have multiple 3-or-more-fold rotation axes; these groups can also be characterized as point groups having multiple 3-fold rotation axes. The possible combinations are: Four 3-fold axes (the three tetrahedral symmetries T, Th, and Td) Four 3-fold axes and three 4-fold axes (octa... | Binary polyhedral group | 0.832802 |
4,280 | Further Mathematics, as studied within the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, was a Higher Level (HL) course that could be taken in conjunction with Mathematics HL or on its own. It consisted of studying all four of the options in Mathematics HL, plus two additional topics. Topics studied in Further Mathema... | Further Mathematics | 0.832802 |
4,281 | One can ask the same question for any arithmetic group as for the modular group: Naïve congruence subgroup problem: Given an arithmetic group, are all of its finite-index subgroups congruence subgroups? This problem can have a positive solution: its origin is in the work of Hyman Bass, Jean-Pierre Serre and John Milnor... | Non-congruence subgroup | 0.832799 |
4,282 | 1965 - Andrei Kolmogorov independently develops the theory of Kolmogorov complexity and uses it to analyze the concept of randomness. 1966 - Grothendieck proves the Ax-Grothendieck theorem: any injective polynomial self-map of algebraic varieties over algebraically closed fields is bijective. 1968 - James Ax independen... | Timeline of mathematical logic | 0.832798 |
4,283 | The most obvious application is an experiment that contains all parents and their offspring, with or without reciprocal crosses, preferably replicated without bias, enabling estimation of all appropriate means, variances and covariances, together with their standard errors. These estimated statistics can then be used t... | Meristic trait | 0.832797 |
4,284 | In biology, a motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals, including the neuromuscular junctions between the neuron and the fibres. Groups of motor units often work together as a motor pool to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle. The... | Motor unit | 0.832795 |
4,285 | Barcode Matrix code QR Code Universal Product Code Bell polynomials Bertrand's ballot theorem Binary matrix Binomial theorem Block design Balanced incomplete block design(BIBD) Symmetric balanced incomplete block design (SBIBD) Partially balanced incomplete block designs (PBIBDs) Block walking Boolean satisfiability pr... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.832795 |
4,286 | If {Ai} is a finite collection of simple algebras, then their Cartesian product A=Π Ai is semisimple. If (ai) is an element of Rad(A) and e1 is the multiplicative identity in A1 (all simple algebras possess a multiplicative identity), then (a1, a2, ...) · (e1, 0, ...) = (a1, 0..., 0) lies in some nilpotent ideal of Π A... | Semisimple algebra | 0.832793 |
4,287 | Length is a quantity for which natural concatenation operations exist. That is, we can combine in a side-by-side fashion lengths of rigid steel rods, for example, such that the additive relations between lengths is readily observed. If we have four 1 m lengths of such rods, we can place them end to end to produce a len... | Theory of conjoint measurement | 0.832789 |
4,288 | Reverse genetics is a powerful research method in virology. In this procedure complimentary DNA (cDNA) copies of virus genomes called "infectious clones" are used to produce genetically modified viruses that can be then tested for changes in say, virulence or transmissibility. | Molecular virology | 0.832787 |
4,289 | 123–144, 2011. Lenat DB, Durlach P. “Reinforcing Math Knowledge by Immersing Students in a Simulated Learning-By-Teaching Experience.” J. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education., 2014 Lenat, Douglas B. | Douglas Lenat | 0.832779 |
4,290 | Modern taxonomy is heavily influenced by computer technology, e.g. by the use of DNA sequencing, bioinformatics, databases, imaging etc. | Taxonomic authority | 0.832776 |
4,291 | To directly impact existing capacity to develop public health interventions in endemic Africa countries by driving collaboration and networks development and training. To expose and educate young and established scientists to the latest bioinformatics tools and techniques used in researching treatments and cures for Af... | ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics | 0.832775 |
4,292 | Those in which a Euclidean division (with remainder) is defined are called Euclidean domains and include polynomial rings in one indeterminate (which define multiplication and addition over single-variabled formulas). Those in which a division (with a single result) by all nonzero elements is defined are called fields ... | Right division | 0.83277 |
4,293 | Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".This course is designed for students who wi... | AP Biology | 0.832768 |
4,294 | Structures are sometimes referred to as "first-order structures". This is misleading, as nothing in their definition ties them to any specific logic, and in fact they are suitable as semantic objects both for very restricted fragments of first-order logic such as that used in universal algebra, and for second-order log... | Interpretation function | 0.832768 |
4,295 | The classic example, published in the July 1924 issue of Strand Magazine by Henry Dudeney, is: S E N D + M O R E = M O N E Y {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}&&{\text{S}}&{\text{E}}&{\text{N}}&{\text{D}}\\+&&{\text{M}}&{\text{O}}&{\text{R}}&{\text{E}}\\\hline =&{\text{M}}&{\text{O}}&{\text{N}}&{\text{E}}&{\text{Y}}\\\end{... | Verbal arithmetic | 0.832768 |
4,296 | In computer science, a binomial heap is a data structure that acts as a priority queue but also allows pairs of heaps to be merged. It is important as an implementation of the mergeable heap abstract data type (also called meldable heap), which is a priority queue supporting merge operation. It is implemented as a heap... | Binomial Tree | 0.832763 |
4,297 | The equation can be solved in a relatively straightforward way due to the lack of electron–electron repulsion (electron correlation). The wave equation (a partial differential equation) separates into two coupled ordinary differential equations when using prolate spheroidal coordinates instead of cartesian coordinates. | Hydrogen molecule ion | 0.832763 |
4,298 | Much of the innovation within NMR spectroscopy has been within the field of protein NMR spectroscopy, an important technique in structural biology. A common goal of these investigations is to obtain high resolution 3-dimensional structures of the protein, similar to what can be achieved by X-ray crystallography. In con... | NMR spec | 0.832758 |
4,299 | The accuracy and robustness of fast-and-frugal trees has been shown to be comparable to that of Bayesian benchmarks in studies by Laskey and Martignon (2014). Extensive studies comparing the performance of fast-and-frugal trees to that of classification algorithms used in statistics and machine learning, such as Naive ... | Fast-and-frugal trees | 0.832756 |
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