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4,300 | Related concepts include B h {\displaystyle B_{h}} -sequences and the Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases. Sidon's question was whether an economical basis of order 2 exists. A positive answer was given by P. Erdős in 1956, settling the case h = 2 of the theorem. Although the general version was believed to be tr... | Erdős–Tetali theorem | 0.832756 |
4,301 | It is often the most convenient technique for parsing, for the knapsack problem and other combinatorial optimization problems. It is also the basis of the so-called logic programming languages such as Icon, Planner and Prolog. Backtracking depends on user-given "black box procedures" that define the problem to be solve... | Back tracking | 0.832755 |
4,302 | The Nine Chapters made significant additions to solving quadratic equations in a way similar to Horner's method. It also made advanced contributions to "fangcheng" or what is now known as linear algebra. Chapter seven solves system of linear equations with two unknowns using the false position method, similar to The Bo... | Chinese mathematics | 0.832753 |
4,303 | Historically, there are several scientific approaches to the explanation of temperature: the classical thermodynamic description based on macroscopic empirical variables that can be measured in a laboratory; the kinetic theory of gases which relates the macroscopic description to the probability distribution of the ene... | Static temperature | 0.832752 |
4,304 | Points in space and the real numbers under Euclidean geometry are another structure, with relations such as "the distance between point P1 and point P2 is real number R1"; equivalently, the "distance" relation includes the element (P1, P2, R1). Other structures include the Riemann space of general relativity and the Hi... | Epistemic structural realism | 0.832749 |
4,305 | The solution b = 1, a = 0.75 is proved correct by computing the areas of squares with the corresponding side-lengths, adding these areas, and computing the side-length of the square with the resulting area, that is, by taking the square root. This is an application of the Pythagorean theorem, c = a 2 + b 2 {\displaysty... | IM 67118 | 0.832749 |
4,306 | One application of Boolean algebra is digital circuit design, with one goal to minimize the number of gates and another to minimize the settling time. There are sixteen possible functions of two variables, but in digital logic hardware, the simplest gate circuits implement only four of them: conjunction (AND), disjunct... | Canonical form (Boolean algebra) | 0.832748 |
4,307 | Thus, code such as this: may generate code equivalent to this: which causes the Data object to be copied twice. In the early stages of the evolution of C++, the language's inability to efficiently return an object of class type from a function was considered a weakness. Around 1991, Walter Bright implemented a techniqu... | Copy elision | 0.832746 |
4,308 | Each yearly competition consists of four contests. All students at each school may compete but the team score is the sum of the best 3 or 5 top scores. Each contest consists of two parts: a written section (called "shorts") and a programming section. Written topics tested include "what does this program do? ", digital ... | American Computer Science League | 0.832744 |
4,309 | The fields of probability and statistics often study situations where events are labeled as "successes" or "failures". For example, a Bernoulli trial is a random experiment with exactly two possible outcomes, "success" and "failure", in which the probability of success is the same every time the experiment is conducted... | Success | 0.832741 |
4,310 | Ocean optics has been applied to study topics like primary production, phytoplankton, zooplankton, shallow-water habitats like seagrass beds and coral reefs, marine biogeochemistry, heating of the upper ocean, and carbon export to deep waters by way of the ocean biological pump. The portion of the electromagnetic spect... | Ocean optics | 0.832737 |
4,311 | Moufang loops differ from groups in that they need not be associative. A Moufang loop that is associative is a group. The Moufang identities may be viewed as weaker forms of associativity. By setting various elements to the identity, the Moufang identities imply x(xy) = (xx)y left alternative identity (xy)y = x(yy) rig... | Moufang loop | 0.832735 |
4,312 | Around 1620 Galileo wrote a paper called On a discovery concerning dice that used an early probabilistic model to address specific questions. In 1654, prompted by Chevalier de Méré's interest in gambling, Blaise Pascal corresponded with Pierre de Fermat, and much of the groundwork for probability theory was laid. Pasca... | History of randomness | 0.832729 |
4,313 | Before the correlation between fold type and reaction correlation of proteins were understood, Harmon C. Dunathan, a chemist at Haverford College proposed that the bond that is cleaved using pyridoxal is perpendicular to the system. Though an important concept in bioorganic chemistry, it is now known that enzyme confor... | Dunathan stereoelectronic hypothesis | 0.832728 |
4,314 | Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, covering the study of structure, relation and quantity. Algebra studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers, variables, and polynomials, along with their factorization and determining their roots. In addition to working directly with numbers, algebra also co... | Outline of algebra | 0.832728 |
4,315 | In 2010, the Sanger Institute announced its participation in the UK10K project, which will sequence the genomes of 10,000 individuals to identify rare genetic variants and their effects on human health. The Sanger Institute is also part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium, an international effort to describe ... | Wellcome Sanger Institute | 0.832728 |
4,316 | Plants can form new chemicals that can break down minerals, both directly and indirectly through mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere bacteria, and improve the soil structure. The type and amount of vegetation depends on climate, topography, soil characteristics and biological factors, mediated or not by human activities.... | Soil formation | 0.832725 |
4,317 | B.E./B.Tech (Paper 1): Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics B.Arch (Paper 2): Mathematics, Aptitude, and Drawing B.Planning (Paper 3): Mathematics, Aptitude, and Planning | Joint Entrance Examination – Main | 0.832723 |
4,318 | In physics, the field effect refers to the modulation of the electrical conductivity of a material by the application of an external electric field. In a metal, the electron density that responds to applied fields is so large that an external electric field can penetrate only a very short distance into the material. Ho... | Field effect (semiconductor) | 0.83272 |
4,319 | The geometrical method exploits relations between the geometry of the cantilever and its elastic properties. The separation is normally measured from the onset of the constant compliance region. While the relative surface separation can be determined with a resolution of 0.1 nm or better, the absolute surface separatio... | Colloidal probe technique | 0.83272 |
4,320 | In infrared astronomy, the M band is an atmospheric transmission window centred on 4.7 micrometres (in the mid-infrared). | M band (infrared) | 0.832716 |
4,321 | Whether the least significant bit (of the word) or the most significant bit indicates the smallest-index number is largely irrelevant, but the former tends to be preferred (on little-endian machines). A finite binary relation may be represented by a bit array called a logical matrix. In the calculus of relations, these... | Bit vectors | 0.832713 |
4,322 | This intersection has finitely many points and the number of points is the degree of the algebraic variety V ( F ) {\displaystyle {\mathbf {V} }(F)} . Thus, witness sets encode the answer to the first two questions one asks about an algebraic variety: What is the dimension, and what is the degree? Witness sets also all... | Numerical algebraic geometry | 0.832712 |
4,323 | With respect to sliding, the classical solutions are due to C. Cattaneo (1938) and R.D. Mindlin (1949), who considered the tangential shifting of a sphere on a plane (see below).In the 1950s, interest in the rolling contact of railway wheels grew. In 1958, Kenneth L. Johnson presented an approximate approach for the 3D... | Frictional contact mechanics | 0.832709 |
4,324 | A modern design can have billions of polygons that represent wires and transistors. Efficient checking relies heavily on geometry query. For example, a rule may specify that any polygon must be at least n nanometers from any other polygon. This is converted into a geometry query by enlarging a polygon by n/2 at all sid... | Spatial partitioning | 0.832709 |
4,325 | The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical an... | Genetic analysis | 0.832709 |
4,326 | A drawback of SIMD programming was the issue of array-of-structures (AoS) and structure-of-arrays (SoA). Programmers often create representations of enitities in memory, for example, the location of an particle in 3D space, the colour of the ball and its size as below: When multiple of these structures exist in memory ... | Stream programming | 0.832706 |
4,327 | Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. Arithmetic — (from the Greek ἀριθμός arithmos, 'number' and τική , tiké , 'art') is a branch of mathematics that consists of the study of numbers and the properties of the traditional mathematical ... | Outline of mathematics | 0.832702 |
4,328 | This resource depicts information on human protein functions including protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications, enzyme-substrate relationships and disease associations. Protein annotation information that is catalogued was derived through manual curation using published literature by expert biolo... | Human Protein Reference Database | 0.832701 |
4,329 | A Question and Answer Guide to Astronomy is a book about astronomy and cosmology, and is intended for a general audience. The book was written by Pierre-Yves Bely, Carol Christian, and Jean-Rene Roy, and published in English by Cambridge University Press in 2010. It was originally written in French. | A Question and Answer Guide to Astronomy | 0.832699 |
4,330 | The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists recognizes the following: Ambulatory Care; Biologics/Pharmacogenomics; Cardiology; Community; Critical Care; Drug Information; Emergency Medicine; Geriatrics; Health System Pharmacy Practice Administration; HIV; Infectious Diseases; Internal Medicine; Managed Care; Medi... | Pharmacy residency | 0.832696 |
4,331 | After this period, some institutions offer specializations within the different fields of engineering (i.e. a student majoring in electrical engineering can choose to specialize in electronics or telecommunications) although most institutions balance their workload in order to give the students a consistent knowledge o... | Engineering education | 0.832695 |
4,332 | The tennis racket theorem can be qualitatively analysed with the help of Euler's equations. Under torque–free conditions, they take the following form: Here I 1 , I 2 , I 3 {\displaystyle I_{1},I_{2},I_{3}} denote the object's principal moments of inertia, and we assume I 1 < I 2 < I 3 {\displaystyle I_{1} | Dzhanibekov effect | 0.832689 |
4,333 | If two lines (a and b) are both perpendicular to a third line (c), all of the angles formed along the third line are right angles. Therefore, in Euclidean geometry, any two lines that are both perpendicular to a third line are parallel to each other, because of the parallel postulate. Conversely, if one line is perpend... | Foot of a perpendicular | 0.832687 |
4,334 | Be aware, however, that the average substitution effect (β) also contains "d" , indicating that dominance is also embedded within the "Additive" variance . Remember also that the "substitution deviations" do not account for the dominance in the system (being nothing more than deviations from the substitution expectati... | Meristic trait | 0.832687 |
4,335 | Gauss's theorem can be interpreted in terms of the lines of force of the field as follows: The flux through a closed surface is dependent upon both the magnitude and direction of the electric field lines penetrating the surface. In general a positive flux is defined by these lines leaving the surface and negative flux ... | Gauss' Law | 0.832686 |
4,336 | Right triangles whose sides are of integer lengths, with the sides collectively known as Pythagorean triples, possess angles that cannot all be rational numbers of degrees. (This follows from Niven's theorem.) They are most useful in that they may be easily remembered and any multiple of the sides produces the same rel... | 3-4-5 triangle | 0.832682 |
4,337 | The skill level of knowledge-based systems is closely linked to the knowledge of their programmers and associated domain experts. This limitation has made it difficult to program truly strong AIs. A different path is to use machine learning techniques. | Go programs | 0.832682 |
4,338 | A nontrivial property is one shared by some but not all operations making up a basis. Post listed five nontrivial properties of operations, identifiable with the five Post's classes, each preserved by composition, and showed that a set of operations formed a basis if, for each property, the set contained an operation l... | Power set algebra | 0.832681 |
4,339 | Let ω-Con(PA) be the arithmetical sentence formalizing the statement "PA is ω-consistent". Then the theory PA + ¬ω-Con(PA) is unsound (Σ3-unsound, to be precise), but ω-consistent. The argument is similar to the first example: a suitable version of the Hilbert–Bernays–Löb derivability conditions holds for the "provabil... | Ω-consistent theory | 0.832681 |
4,340 | According to bibliometrics studies, computational intelligence plays a key role in research. All the major academic publishers are accepting manuscripts in which a combination of Fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary computation is discussed. On the other hand, Computational intelligence isn't available in the ... | Computational Intelligence | 0.832681 |
4,341 | In computer science, quickselect is a selection algorithm to find the kth smallest element in an unordered list, also known as the kth order statistic. Like the related quicksort sorting algorithm, it was developed by Tony Hoare, and thus is also known as Hoare's selection algorithm. Like quicksort, it is efficient in ... | Quickselect | 0.83268 |
4,342 | A lead compound may arise from a variety of different sources. Lead compounds are found by characterizing natural products, employing combinatorial chemistry, or by molecular modeling as in rational drug design. Chemicals identified as hits through high-throughput screening may also become lead compounds. Once a lead c... | Lead compound | 0.83268 |
4,343 | In mathematical modeling, a guess value is more commonly called a starting value or initial value. These are necessary for most optimization problems which use search algorithms, because those algorithms are mainly deterministic and iterative, and they need to start somewhere. One common type of application is nonlinea... | Guess value | 0.832679 |
4,344 | cmm1 through cmm4, M1, and M1X2 (Christopher Mattern) use a small number of contexts for high speed. M1 and M1X2 use a genetic algorithm to select two bit masked contexts in a separate optimization pass. ccm (Christian Martelock). | Context mixing | 0.832678 |
4,345 | In comparison to statistical classification and pattern recognition in a machine learning sense, two main distinguishing features of MCPs can be identified: In MCPs the categories are defined in an ordinal way. This ordinal definition of the categories implicitly defines a preference structure. In contrast, machine lea... | Multicriteria classification | 0.832678 |
4,346 | Nevertheless, several sources cite German chemist Carl Neuberg as having coined the term for the new discipline in 1903, and some credit it to Franz Hofmeister.The subject of study in biochemistry is the chemical processes in living organisms, and its history involves the discovery and understanding of the complex comp... | History of biochemistry | 0.832677 |
4,347 | To determine a circle completely, not only its radius (or curvature), but also its center must be known. The relevant equation is expressed most clearly if the Cartesian coordinates ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} are interpreted as a complex number z = x + i y {\displaystyle z=x+iy} . The equation then looks similar t... | Descartes' theorem | 0.832676 |
4,348 | Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis).In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. So... | Dinophyte algae | 0.832673 |
4,349 | MG graduate Diploma alone is treated as "Associate Degree" in named field, be it nuclear engineering, mathematics and IT, laser physics, or any other of 20 or so fields present in MG during its 40 years existence. However, due to old legal regulations in Serbia, graduates of MG are still obliged to start their universi... | Mathematical Grammar School | 0.832668 |
4,350 | Exopolysaccharides are the most stabilising factor for microaggregates and are widely distributed in soils. Therefore, exopolysaccharide-producing "soil algae" play a vital role in the ecology of the world's soils. The substance covers the outside of, for example, unicellular or filamentous green algae and cyanobacteri... | Mucilage | 0.832667 |
4,351 | Conservation of energy leads to the important concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Additional laws of chemistry elaborate on the law of conservation of mass. Joseph Proust's law of definite composition says that pure chemicals are composed of elements in a definite formulation; we now know that the st... | Physical law | 0.832663 |
4,352 | : 137 In 1967, he submitted his doctoral thesis supervised by Dr. J.B. Hasted which he defended successfully and graduated with Doctor of Philosophy in theoretical physics. : 11–142 His doctoral thesis, titled: Electron Capture by Multiply Charged Ions, provided scientific investigations on charge-crossing involving po... | Ghulam Dastagir Alam | 0.832657 |
4,353 | The corner-stitched representation is particularly well suited to searches within a single plane, for which it excels in speed. It is not particularly well suited to extremely large databases: The need to maintain four pointers for each tile, as well as the need to store tiles representing the space between areas of ma... | Magic (software) | 0.832653 |
4,354 | In prune and search algorithms S(n) is typically at least linear (since the whole input must be processed). With this assumption, the recurrence has the solution T(n) = O(S(n)). This can be seen either by applying the master theorem for divide-and-conquer recurrences or by observing that the times for the recursive sub... | Prune and search | 0.832652 |
4,355 | While DNA, RNA and proteins are all encoded at the genetic level, glycans (sugar polymers) are not encoded directly from the genome and fewer tools are available for their study. Glycobiology is therefore an area of active research for chemical biologists. For example, cells can be supplied with synthetic variants of n... | Chemical Biology | 0.832652 |
4,356 | The third book, On the Construction of Solid and Supersolid Problems, is more properly algebraic than geometric and concerns the nature of equations and how they may be solved. He recommends that all terms of an equation be placed on one side and set equal to 0 to facilitate solution. He points out the factor theorem f... | La Géométrie | 0.832648 |
4,357 | Each of the three participating countries sent a team of six students, and four theoretical tasks were to be solved. Guidelines for the next competitions were already suggested. The second chemistry Olympiad took place in 1969 in Poland, and Bulgaria also participated, with USSR and GDR only sending observers. | International Chemistry Olympiad | 0.832646 |
4,358 | The components of the vector k have discrete values (a consequence of the boundary condition that A has the same value on opposite walls of the box): k x = 2 π n x L , k y = 2 π n y L , k z = 2 π n z L , n x , n y , n z = 0 , ± 1 , ± 2 , … . {\displaystyle k_{x}={\frac {2\pi n_{x}}{L}},\quad k_{y}={\frac {2\pi n_{y}}{L... | Quantization of the electromagnetic field | 0.832645 |
4,359 | In algebraic geometry, solution sets are called algebraic sets if there are no inequalities. Over the reals, and with inequalities, there are called semialgebraic sets. | Solution set | 0.832644 |
4,360 | Other influencing factors are the overtone used, the mounting and electrodes, impurities in the crystal, mechanical strain, crystal geometry, rate of temperature change, thermal history (due to hysteresis), ionizing radiation, and drive level. Crystals tend to suffer anomalies in their frequency/temperature and resista... | Timing crystal | 0.832642 |
4,361 | A standard ruler is an astronomical object for which the actual physical size is known. By measuring its angular size in the sky, one can use simple trigonometry to determine its distance from Earth. In simple terms, this is because objects of a fixed size appear smaller the further away they are. Measuring distances i... | Standard ruler | 0.83264 |
4,362 | For example, in a text about machine learning, the unigram "learning" might co-occur with "machine", "supervised", "un-supervised", and "semi-supervised" in four different sentences. Thus, the "learning" vertex would be a central "hub" that connects to these other modifying words. Running PageRank/TextRank on the graph... | Document summarization | 0.832637 |
4,363 | Fixing these issues found in these plans can shave tens of percent execution time, and in some cases can cut two-dimensional searches to linear ones. One of the primary and simplest optimization checklists is to use operations that most RDMS are designed to execute efficiently. See Sargable. | Query optimization | 0.832637 |
4,364 | Researchers have also taken into consideration of the water chemistry, richness of the community, and biomass in their studies. Depending on the site of study, researchers also account for the activities from the phytobenthos when calculating for primary productivity. == References == | Phytobenthos | 0.832636 |
4,365 | The four most common Maxwell's relations are: More relations include the following. Other differential equations are: | Table of thermodynamic equations | 0.832636 |
4,366 | C. Michael Hogan, Leda C. Patmore and Harry Seidman (1973) Statistical Prediction of Dynamic Thermal Equilibrium Temperatures using Standard Meteorological Data Bases, Second Edition (EPA-660/2-73-003 2006) United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. Cesare Barbier... | Thermodynamical equilibrium | 0.832636 |
4,367 | Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs is a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth covering some of the fundamental topics of system engineering, computer programming, particularly that algorithms and data structures are inherently related. For example, if one has a sorted list one will use a search algorithm optimal for ... | Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs | 0.832635 |
4,368 | Once the testing process is successful in the biodisk, the complex detection technique is started. There are many methods proposed by scientists in this area. The most popular method is immunoassay which is widely use in the testing of biology. | Centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip | 0.832634 |
4,369 | A system can be mechanical, electrical, fluid, chemical, financial or biological, and its mathematical modelling, analysis and controller design uses control theory in one or many of the time, frequency and complex-s domains, depending on the nature of the design problem. Control engineering is the engineering discipli... | Control engineer | 0.832631 |
4,370 | When we predict where a ball is going to land based on its current trajectory, we are taking the physical stance. Another example of this stance comes when we look at a strip made up of two types of metal bonded together and predict how it will bend as the temperature changes, based on the physical properties of the tw... | Intentional stance | 0.832629 |
4,371 | Hence the following dilemma: Either a b {\displaystyle {\frac {a}{b}}} must be held to be an impossible expression in general, or else the meaning of the fundamental symbol of algebra must be extended so as to include rational fractions. If the former horn of the dilemma is chosen, arithmetical algebra becomes a mere s... | Arithmetical algebra | 0.832629 |
4,372 | Therefore, an optimizer can replace a string copy with a sequence of word moves without any loops, which will be much faster. This optimization consequently overstates system performance, sometimes by more than 30%.Dhrystone's small code size may fit in the instruction cache of a modern CPU, so that instruction fetch p... | Dhrystone | 0.832624 |
4,373 | The first uses a matrix representation of logical operations (see vector logic) inspired by neural models of distributed memories. Here logical operators are real matrices and the truth values are also vectors of real components. Counterfactual propositions are “virtualized” by premultiplying the counterfactual values ... | Counterfactual thinking | 0.832623 |
4,374 | We train two classifiers at the same time through some gradient-based method (f.e. : gradient descent). The first one, the predictor tries to accomplish the task of predicting Y {\textstyle Y} , the target variable, given X {\textstyle X} , the input, by modifying its weights W {\textstyle W} to minimize some loss func... | Fairness (machine learning) | 0.832617 |
4,375 | Most students will complete three modules in one year, which will create an AS-level qualification in their own right and will complete the A-level course the following year—with three more modules. The system in which mathematics is assessed is changing for students starting courses in 2017 (as part of the A-level ref... | Advanced level mathematics | 0.832616 |
4,376 | For situations in which it is necessary to make the nearest neighbor for each object unique, the set P may be indexed and in the case of a tie the object with, e.g., the largest index may be taken as the nearest neighbor.The k-nearest neighbor graph (k-NNG) is a graph in which two vertices p and q are connected by an e... | Nearest-neighbor graph | 0.832615 |
4,377 | For every solution of the problem, not only applying an isometry or a time shift but also a reversal of time (unlike in the case of friction) gives a solution as well.In the physical literature about the n-body problem (n ≥ 3), sometimes reference is made to "the impossibility of solving the n-body problem" (via employ... | N-Body Problem | 0.832615 |
4,378 | For example, the question of whether different arithmetic operations show different speed and accuracy profiles is the result of different efficiency levels within one cognitive system versus the use of different cognitive systems. Reductionist Theories: Applying neuroscience terminology and theory to educational pract... | Educational neuroscience | 0.832613 |
4,379 | In molecular orbital theory, this leads to molecular orbitals that are singly occupied. In computational chemistry implementations of molecular orbital theory, open-shell molecules have to be handled by either the restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock method or the unrestricted Hartree–Fock method. Conversely a closed-she... | Electron shell configuration | 0.832611 |
4,380 | In computer science, the treap and the randomized binary search tree are two closely related forms of binary search tree data structures that maintain a dynamic set of ordered keys and allow binary searches among the keys. After any sequence of insertions and deletions of keys, the shape of the tree is a random variabl... | Randomized binary search tree | 0.832604 |
4,381 | Biology Today: An Issues Approach is a college-oriented Biology textbook by Eli C. Minkoff and Pamela J. Baker designed to integrate the teaching of biological concepts within the context of current societal issues relating to these topics. It is the original issues-oriented introductory-level general biology textbook.... | Biology Today: An Issues Approach | 0.832601 |
4,382 | (Related topics: set theory, simple theorems in the algebra of sets) | Outline of probability | 0.8326 |
4,383 | This is to keep all the computed values positive. The lateral reference datum is usually located at the center of the helicopter.Arm The arm is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (CG) of an item. The algebraic sign is plus (+) if measured aft of the datum or to the right side of t... | Center of gravity of an aircraft | 0.832599 |
4,384 | The formulation of hydroponic solutions is an application of plant nutrition, with nutrient deficiency symptoms mirroring those found in traditional soil based agriculture. However, the underlying chemistry of hydroponic solutions can differ from soil chemistry in many significant ways. Important differences include: U... | Hydroponic greenhouse | 0.832596 |
4,385 | In molecular biology, VanY are protein domains found in enzymes named metallopeptidases. They are vital to bacterial cell wall synthesis and antibiotic resistance. | VanY protein domain | 0.832596 |
4,386 | The branches of science known informally as omics are various disciplines in biology whose names end in the suffix -omics, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics and transcriptomics. Omics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules that trans... | Omics | 0.832596 |
4,387 | Transformers found their initial applications in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as demonstrated by language models such as BERT and GPT-3. By contrast the typical image processing system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN). Well-known projects include Xception, ResNet, EfficientNet, DenseNet, and Incept... | Vision transformer | 0.832594 |
4,388 | In machine learning, it is desired to have a training set that represents the true distribution of some sample data S {\displaystyle S} . This can be quantified using the notion of representativeness. Denote by P {\displaystyle P} the probability distribution from which the samples are drawn. Denote by H {\displaystyle... | Rademacher complexity | 0.832592 |
4,389 | GeoGebra is an interactive mathematics software suite for learning and teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from primary school up to the university level. Constructions can be made with points, vectors, segments, lines, polygons, conic sections, inequalities, implicit polynomials and functions, a... | GeoGebra | 0.832589 |
4,390 | While there might seem to be an obvious difference between the class of problems that are efficiently solvable and the class of problems whose solutions are merely efficiently checkable, P and NP are actually at the center of one of the most famous unsolved problems in computer science: the P versus NP problem. While i... | Complexity classes | 0.832588 |
4,391 | Classification, including pattern and sequence recognition, novelty detection and sequential decision making. Data processing, including filtering, clustering, blind source separation and compression. Robotics, including directing manipulators and prostheses. | Neural net | 0.832583 |
4,392 | The group S5 is not solvable — it has a composition series {E, A5, S5} (and the Jordan–Hölder theorem states that every other composition series is equivalent to that one), giving factor groups isomorphic to A5 and C2; and A5 is not abelian. Generalizing this argument, coupled with the fact that An is a normal, maximal... | Insoluble group | 0.832578 |
4,393 | The second section Bījagaṇita(Algebra) has 213 verses. It discusses zero, infinity, positive and negative numbers, and indeterminate equations including (the now called) Pell's equation, solving it using a kuṭṭaka method. In particular, he also solved the 61 x 2 + 1 = y 2 {\displaystyle 61x^{2}+1=y^{2}} case that was t... | Bhāskara II | 0.832575 |
4,394 | Arguably, the biggest open question in theoretical computer science concerns the relationship between those two classes: Is P equal to NP?Since 2002, William Gasarch has conducted three polls of researchers concerning this and related questions. Confidence that P ≠ NP has been increasing – in 2019, 88% believed P ≠ NP,... | P versus NP | 0.832573 |
4,395 | The solution of triangles is the principal purpose of spherical trigonometry: given three, four or five elements of the triangle, determine the others. The case of five given elements is trivial, requiring only a single application of the sine rule. For four given elements there is one non-trivial case, which is discus... | Spherical triangles | 0.832572 |
4,396 | There is an analogue of the Sylow theorems for infinite groups. One defines a Sylow p-subgroup in an infinite group to be a p-subgroup (that is, every element in it has p-power order) that is maximal for inclusion among all p-subgroups in the group. Let Cl ( K ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Cl} (K)} denote the set o... | Sylow's theorem | 0.832569 |
4,397 | The tetrahedral geometry in active site hints at the zinc ion binding site. Although NS3 domain's active role is not known yet, scientist propose that NS3 may interact with the active site of NS2 which would provided with catalytic environment necessary for polyprotein processing. The presence of zinc-binding site does... | NS2-3 protease | 0.832568 |
4,398 | For instance, because pharmacomicrobiomics very broadly denotes the association between xenobiotics and the microbiome, the extent to which studies profile the genetics of the microbiome can vary significantly. Studies aiming to characterize organism identity, but not gene identity or copy number may elect to use 16S s... | Pharmacomicrobiomics | 0.832565 |
4,399 | Machine learning is a field of computer science that has many software applications such as DNA classification, fraud detection and targeted advertising. One of the main subfields of machine learning is the 'learning by examples' problem, where the task is to approximate some unknown function when given its value at a ... | Non-adaptive group testing | 0.832564 |
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