id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
5,200 | Inconsistent and controversial conclusions concerning their material properties still persist. The careful study of these systems may lead to "new physics" and new states of matter. For example, it has been suggested that these systems can jam and a "jamming phase diagram" can be used to consider how these systems can ... | Complex fluids | 0.831121 |
5,201 | When researchers look for an organism to use in their studies, they look for several traits. Among these are size, generation time, accessibility, manipulation, genetics, conservation of mechanisms, and potential economic benefit. As comparative molecular biology has become more common, some researchers have sought mod... | Mouse models of human disease | 0.83112 |
5,202 | The subfield of geometry studies the representation of three-dimensional objects in a discrete digital setting. Because the appearance of an object depends largely on its exterior, boundary representations are most commonly used. Two dimensional surfaces are a good representation for most objects, though they may be no... | Graphics processing | 0.831117 |
5,203 | , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},...,x_{n}} f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} is the objective function h i ( x ) {\displaystyle h_{i}(x)} are m 1 {\displaystyle m_{1}} equality constraints g j ( x ) {\displaystyle g_{j}(x)} are m 2 {\displaystyle m_{2}} inequality constraints X {\displaystyle X} is a set constraint that in... | Design Optimization | 0.831117 |
5,204 | Instead of following the motion of each individual part of a material system, as D'Alembert and Euler had done, he showed that, if we determine its configuration by a sufficient number of variables x, called generalized coordinates, whose number is the same as that of the degrees of freedom possessed by the system, the... | Joseph-Louis Lagrange | 0.831115 |
5,205 | The integers are a set of numbers commonly encountered in arithmetic and number theory. There are many subsets of the integers, including the natural numbers, prime numbers, perfect numbers, etc. Many integers are notable for their mathematical properties. Integers are usually symbolised by a boldface Z (or blackboard ... | List of numbers | 0.831114 |
5,206 | A homogeneous Diophantine equation is a Diophantine equation that is defined by a homogeneous polynomial. A typical such equation is the equation of Fermat's Last Theorem x d + y d − z d = 0. {\displaystyle x^{d}+y^{d}-z^{d}=0.} As a homogeneous polynomial in n indeterminates defines a hypersurface in the projective sp... | Diophantine problem | 0.831114 |
5,207 | The solution of the problem of squaring the circle by compass and straightedge requires the construction of the number π {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\pi }}} , the length of the side of a square whose area equals that of a unit circle. If π {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\pi }}} were a constructible number, it would follow from stan... | Quadrature of the circle | 0.831112 |
5,208 | This is another class of highly successful machine learning techniques successfully applied to tasks such as text classification, speaker recognition, image recognition etc. | Lateral computing | 0.831111 |
5,209 | One well-known exception is the indispensable Pythagorean Theorem, even now represented by a right triangle with squares on its sides illustrating an expression such as a2 + b2 = c2. The Greek geometers called those terms “the square on AB,” etc. Similarly, the area of a rectangle formed by AB and CD was "the rectangle... | Apollonius of Perga | 0.831109 |
5,210 | The F-test has been used to such an aim, and it minimizes the deviations of points constrained to pass through an isokinetic temperature to the deviation of the points from the unconstrained line is achieved by comparing the mean deviations of points. Appropriate statistical tests should be performed as well. W. Linert... | Enthalpy–entropy compensation | 0.831109 |
5,211 | Conditional random fields (CRFs) Hidden Markov models (HMMs) Maximum entropy Markov models (MEMMs) Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) Dynamic time warping (DTW) | Pattern analysis | 0.831107 |
5,212 | There was also a two-hour weekly presentation for the discussion of problems. The specialized courses were of topical interest and based on Sommerfeld's research interests; material from these courses appeared later in the scientific literature publications of Sommerfeld. The objective of these special lectures was to ... | Arnold Sommerfeld | 0.831106 |
5,213 | Surface tension γ of a liquid is the force per unit length. In the illustration on the right, the rectangular frame, composed of three unmovable sides (black) that form a "U" shape, and a fourth movable side (blue) that can slide to the right. Surface tension will pull the blue bar to the left; the force F required to ... | Surface tension | 0.831099 |
5,214 | These include the effects of Hall physics, electron pressure gradients, finite Larmor Radii in the particle gyromotion, and electron inertia. Two-fluid Two-fluid MHD describes plasmas that include a non-negligible Hall electric field. As a result, the electron and ion momenta must be treated separately. | Magnetohydrodynamic wave | 0.831097 |
5,215 | In the most general case, a three-dimensional coordinate system is used to define the position of a particle. However, if the particle is constrained to move within a plane, a two-dimensional coordinate system is sufficient. All observations in physics are incomplete without being described with respect to a reference ... | Relative movement | 0.831096 |
5,216 | Cutting Edge, Konrad Seppelt, The (London) Times Higher Education Supplement, November 10, 2000, p. 24. The Future of Chemistry ... , Editorial, Angew. | Konrad Seppelt | 0.831094 |
5,217 | The transformer has had great success in natural language processing (NLP), for example the tasks of machine translation and time series prediction. Many large language models such as GPT-2, GPT-3, GPT-4, BERT, XLNet, RoBERTa and ChatGPT demonstrate the ability of transformers to perform a wide variety of such NLP-rela... | Transformer (machine learning model) | 0.831093 |
5,218 | In herbaria, even with low yield and low-quality DNA, one study was still able to produce "high-quality complete chloroplast and ribosomal DNA sequences" at a large scale for downstream analyses.In field studies, invertebrates are stored in ethanol which is usually discarded during DNA-based studies. Genome skimming ha... | Genome skimming | 0.831092 |
5,219 | Despite this, Sialaros furthers that "the remarkably tight structure of the Elements reveals authorial control beyond the limits of a mere editor".The Elements does not exclusively discuss geometry as is sometimes believed. It is traditionally divided into three topics: plane geometry (books 1–6), basic number theory (... | Euclid | 0.831088 |
5,220 | It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. Cytochemistry – The biochemistry of cells, especially that of the macromolecules responsible for cell structure and function. Molecular biology – The study of biology at a mol... | Outline of cell biology | 0.831085 |
5,221 | For small height changes, gravitational potential energy can be computed using where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the local gravitational field (9.8 metres per second squared on Earth), h is the height above a reference level in metres, and U is the energy in joules. In classical physics, gravity exerts a constant ... | Nuclear potential energy | 0.831083 |
5,222 | Zeng's main focus is on proteomics and the dynamic behavior of proteins. She leads a research team at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at the Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences to make progress in methodology development, application of quantitative proteomics, and regulation mechanism of protein ... | Zeng Rong | 0.83108 |
5,223 | A GPT is specified by a number of mathematical structures, namely: a family of state spaces, each of which represents a physical system; a composition rule (usually corresponds to a tensor product), which specifies how joint state spaces are formed; a set of measurements, which map states to probabilities and are usual... | Generalized probabilistic theory | 0.831075 |
5,224 | Anatomy is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components. Bio... | Clinical medicine | 0.831071 |
5,225 | An advantage of the CGS-Gaussian system is that electric and magnetic fields have the same units, 4πε0 is replaced by 1, and the only dimensional constant appearing in the Maxwell equations is c, the speed of light. The Heaviside–Lorentz system has these properties as well (with ε0 equaling 1), but it is a "rationalize... | Centimeter gram second system of units | 0.83107 |
5,226 | , a n ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\models \varphi (a_{1},...,a_{n})} .In particular, if φ is a sentence and A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} an elementary substructure of B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} , then A ⊨ φ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}\models \varphi } if and only if B ⊨ φ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\mo... | Model Theory | 0.83107 |
5,227 | In an 1870 monograph, Benjamin Peirce classified the more than 150 hypercomplex number systems of dimension below 6, and gave an explicit definition of an associative algebra. He defined nilpotent and idempotent elements and proved that any algebra contains one or the other. He also defined the Peirce decomposition. | Abstract Algebra | 0.831069 |
5,228 | Coordinate systems are essential for studying the equations of curves using the methods of analytic geometry. To use the method of coordinate geometry, the axes are placed at a convenient position with respect to the curve under consideration. For example, to study the equations of ellipses and hyperbolas, the foci are... | Translation of axes | 0.831067 |
5,229 | The data reduction is often undertaken in the presence of reading or measurement errors. Some idea of the nature of these errors is needed before the most likely value may be determined. An example in astronomy is the data reduction in the Kepler satellite. | Data reduction | 0.831067 |
5,230 | For cyclic group, H0 is the same as H2, so H2(E/F) = |E/F| for all cyclic layers. Another theorem of group cohomology shows that since H1(E/F) = 1 for all normal layers and H2(E/F) ≤ |E/F| for all cyclic layers, we have H2(E/F)≤ |E/F|for all normal layers. (In fact, equality holds for all normal layers, but this takes ... | Class formation | 0.831066 |
5,231 | In one instance a non-working system started working when placed in water. Ohl and Brattain eventually developed a new branch of quantum mechanics, which became known as surface physics, to account for the behavior. The electrons in any one piece of the crystal would migrate about due to nearby charges. | Semiconductor electronics | 0.831063 |
5,232 | The classic explanations for this rotation barrier are steric repulsion between the ortho-hydrogen atoms (planar) and breaking of delocalization of pi density over both rings (perpendicular). QTAIM has also been applied to study the electron topology of solvated post-translational modifications to protein. For example,... | Hydrogen-hydrogen bond | 0.831062 |
5,233 | The AFM has been applied to problems in a wide range of disciplines of the natural sciences, including solid-state physics, semiconductor science and technology, molecular engineering, polymer chemistry and physics, surface chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and medicine. Applications in the field of solid sta... | Scanning force microscopy | 0.831062 |
5,234 | Working fluids can be classified by using the appearance of droplets in the vapor during the expansion step. Quality χ can be calculated by dividing the mass of the vapor by the mass of the total mixture: χ = m vapor m total {\displaystyle \chi ={\frac {m_{\text{vapor}}}{m_{\text{total}}}}} where m indicates mass. Anot... | Vapor quality | 0.831062 |
5,235 | PCR allows for rapid and highly specific diagnosis of infectious diseases, including those caused by bacteria or viruses. PCR also permits identification of non-cultivatable or slow-growing microorganisms such as mycobacteria, anaerobic bacteria, or viruses from tissue culture assays and animal models. The basis for PC... | Applications of PCR | 0.831061 |
5,236 | Hence, M → C, S → 1/L, D → G where G is electrical conductance, the inverse of resistance. Equivalent circuits produced by this scheme are similar, but are the dual impedance forms whereby series elements become parallel, capacitors become inductors, and so on. Circuit diagrams using the mobility analogy more closely m... | Mechanical filter | 0.831059 |
5,237 | Because more women than men use health services, especially during pregnancy, they are more likely to come across unsterilized needles for injections. Although statistics estimate that unsterilized needles only account for 5 to 10 percent of primary HIV infections, studies show this mode of HIV transmission may be high... | Diseases of poverty | 0.831058 |
5,238 | Monic polynomial equations are at the basis of the theory of algebraic integers, and, more generally of integral elements. Let R be a subring of a field F; this implies that R is an integral domain. An element a of F is integral over R if it is a root of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R. A complex number that ... | Monic polynomial | 0.831058 |
5,239 | The pure theory of binary relations can then be obtained as the theory of the pseudoelementary class of reducts of models of this elementary class obtained by omitting the atom and pair sorts and all relations involving the omitted sorts. In this example both classes are elementary, but only the former class is finitel... | Pseudoelementary class | 0.831056 |
5,240 | Within the field of microbial ecology, oligonucleotide probes are used in order to determine the presence of microbial species, genera, or microorganisms classified on a more broad level, such as bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). rRNA probes have enabled scientists to visu... | Probe hybridization | 0.831053 |
5,241 | Consider the system of two polynomial equations P ( x , y ) = 0 Q ( x , y ) = 0 , {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}P(x,y)&=0\\Q(x,y)&=0,\end{aligned}}} where P and Q are polynomials of respective total degrees d and e. Then R = res y d , e ( P , Q ) {\displaystyle R=\operatorname {res} _{y}^{d,e}(P,Q)} is a polynomial ... | Macaulay resultant | 0.831051 |
5,242 | Many examples of problems with checkable algorithms come from graph theory. For instance, a classical algorithm for testing whether a graph is bipartite would simply output a Boolean value: true if the graph is bipartite, false otherwise. In contrast, a certifying algorithm might output a 2-coloring of the graph in the... | Certifying algorithm | 0.831047 |
5,243 | A similar situation exists between the functional classes FP and #P. By a generalization of Ladner's theorem, there are also problems in neither FP nor #P-complete as long as FP ≠ #P. As in the decision case, a problem in the #CSP is defined by a set of relations. Each problem takes a Boolean formula as input and the t... | Constraint Satisfaction Problem | 0.831046 |
5,244 | In the engineering design process, engineers apply mathematics and sciences such as physics to find novel solutions to problems or to improve existing solutions. Engineers need proficient knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects. As a result, many engineers continue to learn new material throughout thei... | Engineering | 0.831045 |
5,245 | Some primary semantides are not transcribed into mRNA (non-coding DNA) and some secondary semantides are not translated into polypeptides (non-coding RNA). The complexity of semantides varies greatly. For tertiary semantides, large globular polypeptide chains are most complex while structural proteins, consisting of re... | Semantide | 0.831044 |
5,246 | In Newtonian mechanics, one customarily uses all three Cartesian coordinates, or other 3D coordinate system, to refer to a body's position during its motion. In physical systems, however, some structure or other system usually constrains the body's motion from taking certain directions and pathways. So a full set of Ca... | Theoretical Mechanics | 0.831042 |
5,247 | Theorem 1 tells us exactly how large the error radius would be. Now we finally get the solution subspace. | Folded Reed–Solomon code | 0.831041 |
5,248 | In probability theory and statistics, the Bernoulli distribution, named after Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, is the discrete probability distribution of a random variable which takes the value 1 with probability p {\displaystyle p} and the value 0 with probability q = 1 − p {\displaystyle q=1-p} . Less formally, ... | Bernoulli random variable | 0.831041 |
5,249 | In computational geometry, a CC system or counterclockwise system is a ternary relation pqr introduced by Donald Knuth to model the clockwise ordering of triples of points in general position in the Euclidean plane. | CC system | 0.831038 |
5,250 | Let R be an effective commutative ring. There is an algorithm for testing if an element a is a zero divisor: this amounts to solving the linear equation ax = 0. There is an algorithm for testing if an element a is a unit, and if it is, computing its inverse: this amounts to solving the linear equation ax = 1. Given an ... | Linear equation over a ring | 0.831037 |
5,251 | In other words, the stored answers are updated incrementally. This approach, used by large e-commerce or media sites, has long been used in the Entrez portal of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to precompute similarities between the different items in its large datasets: biological sequences, 3-... | Lazy learning | 0.831036 |
5,252 | This yields an optimization problem of the form. min | | v w − v d | | 2 s . t . | Flux balance analysis | 0.831035 |
5,253 | Physics – negentropy, stochastic processes, and the development of new physical techniques and instrumentation as well as their application. Quantum biology – The field of quantum biology applies quantum mechanics to biological objects and problems. Decohered isomers to yield time-dependent base substitutions. | Biophysics | 0.831035 |
5,254 | The lemma can be extended to the case where B is AF. A map ψ on the level of K0 can be "moved back", on the level of algebras, to some finite stage in the inductive system. Lemma Let A be finite-dimensional and B AF, B = (∪nBn)−. | Approximately finite-dimensional C*-algebra | 0.831034 |
5,255 | On the other hand, while libraries generated by IVT can avoid PCR-induced sequence bias, specific sequences may be transcribed inefficiently, thus causing sequence drop-out or generating incomplete sequences. Several scRNA-seq protocols have been published: Tang et al., STRT, SMART-seq, SORT-seq, CEL-seq, RAGE-seq, Qua... | Single-cell RNA-sequencing | 0.831033 |
5,256 | For many infections, including measles, babies are not born into the susceptible compartment but are immune to the disease for the first few months of life due to protection from maternal antibodies (passed across the placenta and additionally through colostrum). This is called passive immunity. This added detail can b... | SIR Model | 0.831031 |
5,257 | Although the sequence of the human genome has been completely determined by DNA sequencing in 2022 (including methylation), it is not yet fully understood. Most, but not all, genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done t... | Human genome sequence map | 0.831027 |
5,258 | The electro-magnet is fixed to the stand, and included in the circuit with the spur-wheel, so that the current flows through them in succession. Hence, the direction of the rotation will not be changed by reversing that of the current; since the polarity of the electromagnet will also be reversed. "(Excerpt taken from ... | Barlow's wheel | 0.831027 |
5,259 | Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed react... | Glycosylation | 0.831025 |
5,260 | (In place of this awkward restriction on arity we could allow any arity, leading to a different awkwardness, that the signature would then be larger than any set, that is, a proper class. One benefit of the latter approach is that it simplifies the definition of homomorphism between CABAs of different cardinality.) Suc... | Power set algebra | 0.831023 |
5,261 | R1 and R2 enable transforming one equation into another. Hence the primary algebra is an equational formal system, like the many algebraic structures, including Boolean algebra, that are varieties. | Laws of Form | 0.831022 |
5,262 | However, we get a much harder problem, in fact an undecidable one, when we have a homomorphism inequalities on a more general set of graphs H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} :Theorem (Hatami, Norine). Let a 1 , ⋯ , a n {\displaystyle a_{1},\cdots ,a_{n}} be real constants, and { H i } i = 1 n {\displaystyle \{H_{i}\}_{i=1}^{n}... | Homomorphism density | 0.831021 |
5,263 | However, with continuous advancements in artificial intelligence technology, machine learning methods have become significantly more accurate, positioning machine learning as a significant player in potential fitting.Modern neural networks have revolutionized the construction of highly accurate and computationally ligh... | Interatomic potential | 0.83102 |
5,264 | A counting problem asks not only whether a solution exists (as with a decision problem), but asks how many solutions exist. For example, the decision problem CYCLE {\displaystyle {\texttt {CYCLE}}} asks whether a particular graph G {\displaystyle G} has a simple cycle (the answer is a simple yes/no); the corresponding ... | Complexity classes | 0.83102 |
5,265 | Further, I shall suppose that in this world all bodies have the same co-efficient of dilatation, so that the linear dilatation of any body is proportional to its absolute temperature. Finally, I shall assume that a body transported from one point to another of different temperature is instantaneously in thermal equilib... | Poincaré ball model | 0.831019 |
5,266 | The Visual Turing Test, it is “an operator-assisted device that produces a stochastic sequence of binary questions from a given test image”. The query engine produces a sequence of questions that have unpredictable answers given the history of questions. The test is only about vision and does not require any natural la... | Visual Turing Test | 0.831019 |
5,267 | Yao's principle may be interpreted in game theoretic terms, via a two-player zero-sum game in which one player, Alice, selects a deterministic algorithm, the other player, Bob, selects an input, and the payoff is the cost of the selected algorithm on the selected input. Any randomized algorithm R may be interpreted as ... | Yao's minimax principle | 0.831017 |
5,268 | The classification of finite simple groups is a theorem stating that every finite simple group belongs to one of the following families: A cyclic group with prime order; An alternating group of degree at least 5; A simple group of Lie type; One of the 26 sporadic simple groups; The Tits group (sometimes considered as a... | Finite group | 0.831017 |
5,269 | Proteins and nucleic acids are the workhorses of biology, providing the necessary chemical reactions, structural organization, growth, mobility, reproduction, and environmental sensitivity. Essential to their biological functions are the detailed 3D structures of the molecules and the changes in those structures. To un... | Structure validation | 0.831016 |
5,270 | Structure-Based Assignment (SBA) is a technique to accelerate the resonance assignment which is a key bottleneck of NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) structural biology. A homologous (similar) protein is used as a template to the target protein in SBA. This template protein provides prior structural information about th... | Structure-based assignment | 0.831014 |
5,271 | If F ( x , y , z ) {\displaystyle F(x,y,z)} is polynomial in x, y and z, the surface is called algebraic. Example 5 is non-algebraic. Despite difficulty of visualization, implicit surfaces provide relatively simple techniques to generate theoretically (e.g. Steiner surface) and practically (see below) interesting surfa... | Implicit surface | 0.831014 |
5,272 | Solving of systems of linear equations, which led to linear algebra | Abstract Algebra | 0.831013 |
5,273 | The pith-ball electroscope and the gold-leaf electroscope are two classical types of electroscope that are still used in physics education to demonstrate the principles of electrostatics. A type of electroscope is also used in the quartz fiber radiation dosimeter. Electroscopes were used by the Austrian scientist Victo... | Gold-leaf electroscope | 0.831013 |
5,274 | Geometry: The overall goals for learning geometry are to "analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships; specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational syst... | NCTM standards | 0.831012 |
5,275 | An element of norm one thus corresponds to a rational solution of the equation x 2 + y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1} or in other words, a point with rational coordinates on the unit circle. Hilbert's Theorem 90 then states that every such element a of norm one can be written as a = c − d i c + d i = c 2 − d 2 c 2... | Hilbert's Theorem 90 | 0.831011 |
5,276 | Teachers utilize SSI to foster understanding of science content and consequences involved in everyday scientific issues. For example, in a study of ecology, an elementary class might consider whether pesticides confer more benefit or harm to our ecosystem. This type of analysis would require students to research the in... | Socio-scientific issues | 0.831008 |
5,277 | This is because metals have essentially a better approximation to the free electron model, i.e. metals do not have complex band structures, electrons behave essentially as free particles and where, in the case of metals, the effective number of de-localized electrons is essentially the same as the valence number.The tw... | Drude model | 0.831007 |
5,278 | Given three fields arranged in a tower, say K a subfield of L which is in turn a subfield of M, there is a simple relation between the degrees of the three extensions L/K, M/L and M/K: = ⋅ . {\displaystyle =\cdot .} In other words, the degree going from the "bottom" to the "top" field is just the product of the degr... | Degree of an extension | 0.831003 |
5,279 | The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for in vitro DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of th... | Helicase-dependent amplification | 0.830997 |
5,280 | In mathematics, an algebraic function field (often abbreviated as function field) of n variables over a field k is a finitely generated field extension K/k which has transcendence degree n over k. Equivalently, an algebraic function field of n variables over k may be defined as a finite field extension of the field K =... | Algebraic function field | 0.830997 |
5,281 | Dividing this by the 10% of all students that are computer science majors, we arrive at the answer: 3%/10% = 30/100 or 30% of all computer science majors are female. This example is closely related to the concept of conditional probability. Because of the commutative property of multiplication, reversing expressions do... | Percentage | 0.830997 |
5,282 | In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical marine animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the hard seed coat of plant se... | Test (biology) | 0.830997 |
5,283 | PEAKS and NovoHMM had the best sensitivity in both QSTAR and LCQ data as well. However, no evaluated algorithms exceeded a 50% of exact identification for both data sets.Recent progress in mass spectrometers made it possible to generate mass spectra of ultra-high resolution . The improved accuracy, together with the in... | De novo peptide sequencing | 0.830994 |
5,284 | MP2, MP3, MP4, RI-MP2 Excited state methods. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) Configuration interaction: CIS, CIS(D), QCIS(D), quadratic configuration interaction (QCISD(T)), RI-CIS(D) Quantum chemistry composite methods, thermochemical recipes. T1, G2, G3, G3(MP2) | Spartan (chemistry software) | 0.830994 |
5,285 | For miRNA detection, the probes use proprietary chemistry for specific detection of miRNA and cover the entire miRNA sequence. Probes are often derived from fragments of DNA that were isolated, purified, and amplified for use in the Human Genome Project. The size of the human genome is so large, compared to the length ... | Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization | 0.830993 |
5,286 | Computational learning theory Inductive bias Overfitting (machine learning) (Uncalibrated) class membership probabilities Unsupervised learning Version spaces | Supervised classification | 0.830992 |
5,287 | The Faculty comprises 12 academic departments: Applied Physics Applied Computing Applied Mathematics Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Measurements Electric Machines, Drives and Automation Energy and Power Systems Telecommunications Electronic Systems and Information Processing Control and Computer Engineering... | Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb | 0.830991 |
5,288 | In these models the phase paths can "spiral in" towards zero, "spiral out" towards infinity, or reach neutrally stable situations called centres where the path traced out can be either circular, elliptical, or ovoid, or some variant thereof. This is useful in determining if the dynamics are stable or not.Other examples... | Phase plane | 0.830991 |
5,289 | Also calcification removes carbon dioxide, but chemistry behind it leads to the opposite pH reaction; it makes the water more acidic. The combination of photosynthesis and calcification therefore even out each other regarding pH changes. In addition, these exoskeletons may confer an advantage in energy production, as c... | Coccolithophore | 0.830988 |
5,290 | According to the laws of quantum mechanics, for systems with only one electron, a level of energy is associated with each electron configuration and in certain conditions, electrons are able to move from one configuration to another by the emission or absorption of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon.Knowledge... | Electron configuration | 0.830987 |
5,291 | Today we know that this type of electrical interaction is mediated by gap junctions. This idea, that electrical synapses couple groups of cells into functional units, lead to Bullock’s lifelong interest in field potentials, which are generated by the summated electrical activity of millions of brain cells. Bullock was ... | Theodore Holmes Bullock | 0.830987 |
5,292 | The United States National Chemistry Olympiad (or USNCO) is a contest held by the American Chemical Society (ACS) used to select the four-student team that represents the United States at the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO). Each local ACS section selects eight students (or more for larger ACS sections) to take... | United States National Chemistry Olympiad | 0.830985 |
5,293 | The criterion given above, for the solvability of the word problem in a single group, can be extended by a straightforward argument. This gives the following criterion for the uniform solvability of the word problem for a class of finitely presented groups: To solve the uniform word problem for a class K of groups, it ... | Word problem for groups | 0.830985 |
5,294 | This program studies major changes in contemporary society and its concomitant risks. This project integrates molecular, cellular, computational and systems biology approaches in model organisms and human diseases to study the genetic causes of age-related sicknesses. One aim is to create new diagnostic and therapeutic... | Centre for Genomic Regulation | 0.830983 |
5,295 | A practically immediate consequence of Cauchy's theorem is a useful characterization of finite p-groups, where p is a prime. In particular, a finite group G is a p-group (i.e. all of its elements have order pk for some natural number k) if and only if G has order pn for some natural number n. One may use the abelian ca... | Cauchy's theorem (group theory) | 0.830983 |
5,296 | Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter ... | Electromagnetic theory of light | 0.830983 |
5,297 | The SAIEE has sections that cover the following aspects of electrical engineering: Power and Energy Electronics and Software Historical Rotating Machines Telecommunications Lightning Systems Engineering | South African Institute of Electrical Engineers | 0.830978 |
5,298 | American Automatic Control Council Donald P. Eckman Award "for outstanding contributions to the field of automatic control" in 1964. American Society for Engineering Education Frederick Emmons Terman Award as "the outstanding young electrical engineering educator" in 1969. American Control Council's Education Award for... | Michael Athans | 0.830978 |
5,299 | With three or more options, Conditional Competence can be generalized as follows: Multioption Conditional Competence: for any two options x and y, if x is correct and y is not, then any voter is more likely to vote for x than for y.A jury theorem by List and Goodin shows that Multioption Conditional Competence and Cond... | Jury theorem | 0.830977 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.