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5,400 | After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies groups in their own right. To explore groups, mathematicians have devised various notions to break groups into smal... | Elementary group theory | 0.830835 |
5,401 | Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) is an annual academic conference on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology organised by the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB). The principal focus of the conference is on the development and application of advanced computational met... | Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology | 0.830832 |
5,402 | Once the Karnaugh map has been constructed and the adjacent 1s linked by rectangular and square boxes, the algebraic minterms can be found by examining which variables stay the same within each box. For the red grouping: A is the same and is equal to 1 throughout the box, therefore it should be included in the algebrai... | Veitch chart | 0.830832 |
5,403 | However, most problems in electronic design automation (EDA) are open problems, also called exterior problems, and since the fields decrease slowly towards infinity, these methods can require extremely large N. The second class of methods are integral equation methods which instead require a discretization of only elec... | Electromagnetic field solver | 0.830831 |
5,404 | The closely related concept in set theory (see: projection (set theory)) differs from that of relational algebra in that, in set theory, one projects onto ordered components, not onto attributes. For instance, projecting ( 3 , 7 ) {\displaystyle (3,7)} onto the second component yields 7. Projection is relational algebr... | Projection (relational algebra) | 0.830828 |
5,405 | A finite set of linear equations in a finite set of variables, for example, x1, x2, ..., xn, or x, y, ..., z is called a system of linear equations or a linear system.Systems of linear equations form a fundamental part of linear algebra. Historically, linear algebra and matrix theory has been developed for solving such... | Linear Algebra | 0.830826 |
5,406 | Dynamic programming applied to each resulting matrix determines a series of optimal local alignments which are then summed into a "summary" matrix to which dynamic programming is applied again to determine the overall structural alignment. SSAP originally produced only pairwise alignments but has since been extended to... | Sequential structure alignment program | 0.830824 |
5,407 | Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB) is an annual academic conference on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology. The conference has been held every year since 1997 and is a major international conference in computational biology, alongside the ISMB and ECCB conferences. The conference ... | Research in Computational Molecular Biology | 0.830815 |
5,408 | If the purpose is not to perform strict interpolation but instead more general function approximation or classification the optimization is somewhat more complex because there is no obvious choice for the centers. The training is typically done in two phases first fixing the width and centers and then the weights. This... | Radial basis networks | 0.830814 |
5,409 | Structural biology is the study of the structural properties of biopolymers. In contrast, most synthetic polymers have much simpler and more random (or stochastic) structures. This fact leads to a molecular mass distribution that is missing in biopolymers. | Natural polymer | 0.830814 |
5,410 | The Solar Physics Laboratory works to understand the Sun as a star and as the primary driver of activity throughout the solar system. Their research expands knowledge of the Earth-Sun system and helps to enable robotic and human exploration. | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.830813 |
5,411 | Examples where backtracking can be used to solve puzzles or problems include: Puzzles such as eight queens puzzle, crosswords, verbal arithmetic, Sudoku, and Peg Solitaire. Combinatorial optimization problems such as parsing and the knapsack problem. Logic programming languages such as Icon, Planner and Prolog, which u... | Backtracking search | 0.830812 |
5,412 | Biological cells which form bonds with a substrate and are at the same time subject to a flow can form long thin membrane cylinders called tethers. These tethers connect the adherent area of the substrate to the main body of the cell. Under physiological conditions, neutrophil tethers can extend to several micrometers.... | Tether (cell biology) | 0.830811 |
5,413 | RVP production requires optimization of several elements, such as expression constructs, cell lines, and processing steps, to reach a yield sufficient for downstream applications and reproducibility across production lots. Although ideal for studying the effects of the immune response on virus entry, RVPs are replicati... | Reporter virus particles | 0.830808 |
5,414 | The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is utilized in biochemistry and molecular biology for exponentially amplifying nucleic acids by making copies of a specific region of a nucleic acid target. When coupled with diagnostic probes, this technique allows one to detect a small collection of molecules under very dilute cond... | Weak-Link Approach | 0.830808 |
5,415 | In a ring of integers, every element has a factorization into irreducible elements, but the ring need not have the property of unique factorization: for example, in the ring of integers Z, the element 6 has two essentially different factorizations into irreducibles: 6 = 2 ⋅ 3 = ( 1 + − 5 ) ( 1 − − 5 ) . {\displaystyle ... | Ring of integers | 0.830805 |
5,416 | In algebra, the theory of equations is the study of algebraic equations (also called "polynomial equations"), which are equations defined by a polynomial. The main problem of the theory of equations was to know when an algebraic equation has an algebraic solution. This problem was completely solved in 1830 by Évariste ... | Theory of equations | 0.830804 |
5,417 | For the recording of a single cell that partially covers a planar electrode, the voltage at the contact pad is approximately equal to the voltage of the overlapping region of the cell and electrode multiplied by the ratio the surface area of the overlapping region to the area of the entire electrode, or: V p a d = V o ... | Multielectrode array | 0.830803 |
5,418 | With certain additional information (including separating the facet direction and size into a unit vector and a real number, which may be negative, providing an additional bit of information per facet) it is possible to generalize these existence and uniqueness results to certain classes of non-convex polyhedra.It is a... | Minkowski problem for polytopes | 0.830802 |
5,419 | c. 1000 – Abu Sahl al-Quhi (Kuhi) solves equations higher than the second degree. c. 1000 – Abu-Mahmud Khujandi first states a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem. | Timeline of mathematics | 0.830802 |
5,420 | Technological education is part of the Scottish secondary school curriculum. Technological education is segregated into various subjects available at National 4, National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher Standard Subject in Technical Graphic Communication Design and Manufacture Engineering Science Practical Electronics (a... | Design and Technology | 0.830802 |
5,421 | To demonstrate how the AHM can be used to report test scores and provide diagnostic feedback, a sample report is presented next. In the example to the right, the examinee mastered attributes A1 and A4 to A6. Three performance levels were selected for reporting attribute mastery: non-mastery (attribute probability value... | Attribute hierarchy method | 0.830801 |
5,422 | Apart from rapid DNA sequencing, other applications include separation of single stranded and double stranded DNA in solution, and the determination of length of polymers. At this stage, nanopores are making contributions to the understanding of polymer biophysics, single-molecule analysis of DNA-protein interactions, ... | Nanopore | 0.830799 |
5,423 | If the pair of forces are offset, acting along parallel but separate lines of action, the object experiences a rotational force, or torque. In mechanics (the branch of physics concerned with the interactions of forces) this model is called a couple, also simple couple or single couple. If a second couple of equal and o... | Moment magnitude | 0.830798 |
5,424 | Some cyclic groups have an infinite number of elements. In these groups, for every non-zero element a {\displaystyle a} , all the powers of a {\displaystyle a} are distinct; despite the name "cyclic group", the powers of the elements do not cycle. An infinite cyclic group is isomorphic to ( Z , + ) {\displaystyle (\mat... | Mathematical group | 0.830798 |
5,425 | The leaf spring snaps the hammer away from the pole-piece, pushing the hammer out against a ribbon and placing an image of a dot onto the paper. Recent designs have performed complex optimizations in the magnetic circuit, and eliminated unwanted resonances in the spring. The result was a near-doubling of speed. | Stored energy printer | 0.830796 |
5,426 | Convolutional neural networks running on GPUs. Hyperparameter grid search in machine learning. Parallel search in constraint programming | Embarrassingly parallel | 0.830794 |
5,427 | At the time of the book's original publication, it was unknown whether the axiom of choice followed from the other axioms of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF), or was independent of them, although it was known to be consistent with them from the work of Kurt Gödel. This book codified the project of classifying theorems ... | Equivalents of the Axiom of Choice | 0.830794 |
5,428 | He never went to University and doesn't know any mathematics and stuff like that, but he taught himself electrical engineering. And it turns out the motor he made is one of the world's leading motors in terms of power and mass. | Lynch motor | 0.830793 |
5,429 | Users can also specify guess values and variable limits to aid the iterative solving process and help EES quickly and successfully find a solution. The program is developed by F-Chart Software, a commercial spin-off of Prof Sanford A Klein from Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison. EES i... | Engineering Equation Solver | 0.830792 |
5,430 | In model theory, the notion of an algebraic structure is generalized to structures involving both operations and relations. Let L be a signature consisting of function and relation symbols, and A, B be two L-structures. Then a homomorphism from A to B is a mapping h from the domain of A to the domain of B such that h(F... | Surjective homomorphism | 0.830789 |
5,431 | Then the numbers 1, a, a2, ..., ak −1 reduced modulo p form a subgroup of G whose order is k and therefore, by Lagrange's theorem, k divides the order of G, which is p − 1. So p − 1 = km for some positive integer m and then a p − 1 ≡ a k m ≡ ( a k ) m ≡ 1 m ≡ 1 ( mod p ) . | Proofs of Fermat's little theorem | 0.830788 |
5,432 | This is a machine- or platform-independent technique of loop optimization and was observed across several programming languages and compilers or interpreters tested. The case of a while loop as the inner loop performed badly, performing even slower than a loop without any inner loop in some cases. | Inner loop | 0.830786 |
5,433 | Correcting for discordancies can be done in a number of ways and utilizing a number of technologies or field research results from studies in other disciplines. In this example, the study of layered rocks and the fossils they contain is called biostratigraphy and utilizes amassed geobiology and paleobiological knowledg... | Geologic record | 0.830785 |
5,434 | Cancelling the common term − ( M X ) 2 ⋅ ( M Y ) 2 {\displaystyle {-(MX)^{2}\cdot (MY)^{2}}} from both sides of the resulting equation yields ( M X ) 2 ⋅ ( P M ) 2 = ( M Y ) 2 ⋅ ( P M ) 2 , {\displaystyle {(MX)^{2}\cdot (PM)^{2}}={(MY)^{2}\cdot (PM)^{2}},} hence MX = MY, since MX, MY, and PM are all positive, real numb... | Butterfly theorem | 0.830784 |
5,435 | This branch is typically taught in secondary education or in the first year of university. Outline of arithmetic Outline of discrete mathematics List of calculus topics List of geometry topics Outline of geometry List of trigonometry topics Outline of trigonometry List of trigonometric identities List of logarithmic id... | Lists of mathematics topics | 0.83078 |
5,436 | Mathematical models used in multiphysics simulations are generally a set of coupled equations. The equations can be divided into three categories according to the nature and intended role: governing equation, auxiliary equations and boundary/initial conditions. A governing equation describes a major physical mechanisms... | Multiphysics simulation | 0.83078 |
5,437 | An alternative conception of a Reverse Turing Test is to use the test to determine whether sufficient information is being transmitted between the tester and the subject. For example, if the information sent by the tester is insufficient for the human doctor to perform diagnosis accurately, then a medical diagnostic pr... | Reverse Turing test | 0.830777 |
5,438 | To provide freely available data and bioinformatics services to the scientific community in ways that promote scientific progress. To contribute to the advancement of biology through basic investigator-driven research in bioinformatics. To provide advanced bioinformatics training to scientists at all levels, from PhD s... | EB-eye | 0.830777 |
5,439 | The latter usually applies to a form of argument that does not comply with the valid inference rules of logic, whereas the problematic mathematical step is typically a correct rule applied with a tacit wrong assumption. Beyond pedagogy, the resolution of a fallacy can lead to deeper insights into a subject (e.g., the i... | Mathematical fallacies | 0.830776 |
5,440 | In many machine learning algorithms, for example, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), it is considered as 'black box' approach as clear relationships and descriptions of how the results are generated in the hidden layers are unknown. 'White-box' approach such as decision tree can reveal the algorithm details to the users.... | Machine learning in earth sciences | 0.830775 |
5,441 | When unspecified, constants indicate classes of similar objects, commonly functions, all equal up to a constant—technically speaking, this may be viewed as 'similarity up to a constant'. Such constants appear frequently when dealing with integrals and differential equations. Though unspecified, they have a specific val... | Mathematical constant | 0.830771 |
5,442 | In statistics, the gradient of the least-squares regression best-fitting line for a given sample of data may be written as: m = r s y s x {\displaystyle m={\frac {rs_{y}}{s_{x}}}} ,This quantity m is called as the regression slope for the line y = m x + c {\displaystyle y=mx+c} . The quantity r {\displaystyle r} is Pea... | Slope of a line | 0.830769 |
5,443 | Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism and Einstein's theory of general relativity have been expressed in the language of discrete calculus. Chemistry uses calculus in determining reaction rates and radioactive decay (exponential decay). In biology, population dynamics starts with reproduction and death rates to model po... | Discrete calculus | 0.830769 |
5,444 | Niels Bohr was one of the few physicists who followed the chemist's work of defining the periodic table, while Arnold Sommerfeld worked more on trying to make a relativistic working model of the atom that would explain the fine structure of the spectra from a classical orbital physics standpoint through the Atombau app... | Electron shell model | 0.830767 |
5,445 | Some computational problems are assumed to be hard on average over a particular distribution of instances. For example, in the planted clique problem, the input is a random graph sampled, by sampling an Erdős–Rényi random graph and then "planting" a random k {\displaystyle k} -clique, i.e. connecting k {\displaystyle k... | Computational hardness assumptions | 0.830765 |
5,446 | Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. In simpler terms, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visibl... | Spectrographic analysis | 0.830764 |
5,447 | This went hand in hand with a focus on developing curriculum for graduate level programs and capitalization for funding on the growing public acknowledgement of the potential opportunity in TBI.When the first draft of the human genome was completed in the early 2000s, TBI continued to grow and demonstrate prominence as... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.830764 |
5,448 | In physics, the phase problem is the problem of loss of information concerning the phase that can occur when making a physical measurement. The name comes from the field of X-ray crystallography, where the phase problem has to be solved for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. The phase problem is al... | Phase problem | 0.830762 |
5,449 | 2-D lattices are excellent for demonstrating simple diffraction geometry on a flat screen, as below. Equations (1)–(7) for structure factor S ( q ) {\displaystyle S(\mathbf {q} )} apply with a scattering vector of limited dimensionality and a crystallographic structure factor can be defined in 2-D as F h k = ∑ j = 1 N ... | Systematic absence | 0.830759 |
5,450 | Endergonic reactions can be pushed by coupling them to another reaction which is strongly exergonic, through a shared intermediate. This is often how biological reactions proceed. For example, on its own the reaction X + Y ⟶ X Y {\displaystyle X+Y\longrightarrow XY} may be too endergonic to occur. However it may be pos... | Endergonic reaction | 0.830755 |
5,451 | Nested radicals appear in the algebraic solution of the cubic equation. Any cubic equation can be written in simplified form without a quadratic term, as whose general solution for one of the roots is In the case in which the cubic has only one real root, the real root is given by this expression with the radicands of ... | Nested radicals | 0.830752 |
5,452 | In this language, the near field refers to EM fields near the charges and current that directly produced them, specifically electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction phenomena. In quantum mechanics, an alternate way of viewing EMR is that it consists of photons, uncharged elementary particles with zero rest... | Radiation emission | 0.830746 |
5,453 | {\displaystyle -1-i{\sqrt {2}}.} As will be mentioned again below, it follows from the fundamental theorem of algebra that every non-constant polynomial with real coefficients can be written as a product of polynomials with real coefficients whose degrees are either 1 or 2. However, in 1702 Leibniz erroneously said tha... | Fundamental Theorem of Algebra | 0.830746 |
5,454 | A common joke in the mathematical community is to say that "trivial" is synonymous with "proved"—that is, any theorem can be considered "trivial" once it is known to be proved as true. Two mathematicians who are discussing a theorem: the first mathematician says that the theorem is "trivial". In response to the other's... | Triviality (mathematics) | 0.83074 |
5,455 | This explains the fact that different users can get different answers to the same question. Initially, the Alice neural network was trained on an array of texts from the classics of Russian literature, including works by Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Nikolai Gogol, and then on arrays of live texts from the Intern... | Alice (virtual assistant) | 0.830738 |
5,456 | CTK won more than 20 awards from scientific and educational publications, including a Scientific American Web Award in 2003, the Encyclopædia Britannica's Internet Guide Award, and Science's NetWatch award.The site contains extensive analysis of many of the classic problems in recreational mathematics including the Apo... | Alexander Bogomolny | 0.830737 |
5,457 | A plant geneticist is a scientist involved with the study of genetics in botany. Typical work is done with genes in order to isolate and then develop certain plant traits. Once a certain trait, such as plant height, fruit sweetness, or tolerance to cold, is found, a plant geneticist works to improve breeding methods to... | Plant geneticist | 0.830735 |
5,458 | These proofs are simpler than the standard completing the square method, represent interesting applications of other frequently used techniques in algebra, or offer insight into other areas of mathematics. A lesser known quadratic formula, as used in Muller's method, provides the same roots via the equation x = 2 c − b... | Factoring a quadratic expression | 0.830734 |
5,459 | Constructivists pay close attention to the context of guidance because they believe instruction plays a major role in knowledge retention and transfer. Research studies demonstrate how the context of isolated explanations can have an effect on student-learning outcomes. For example, Hake's (1998) large-scale study demo... | Instructional scaffolding | 0.830731 |
5,460 | Moreover, there is an interconnection between some databases in the information exchange/sharing and a major initiative was the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) which relates data from DDBJ, EMBL-EBI, and NCBI.Nowadays, increase in size and complexity of molecular datasets leads to use o... | Biostatistics | 0.830731 |
5,461 | 2011 - Nady Boules, General Motors (Warren, Michigan) For contributions to the design, analysis and optimization of permanent magnet machines and for advancing their utilization in the automotive industry." 2010 - Paul C. Krause, Purdue University (West Lafayette, Indiana) For outstanding contributions to the analysis ... | IEEE Nikola Tesla Award | 0.830729 |
5,462 | The ability of riboprobes to bind to transcribed mRNA makes RNA probes important in research on model organisms: Drosophila, zebrafish, chick, Xenopus and mouse. RNA probes can also be utilized in immunohistochemistry to identify tissue infection in embryos. Viral mRNA can be targeted by its antisense RNA probes, while... | Riboprobe | 0.830727 |
5,463 | Let G be a linear algebraic group over the rational numbers Q. Then G can be extended to an affine group scheme G over Z, and this determines an abstract group G(Z). An arithmetic group means any subgroup of G(Q) that is commensurable with G(Z). (Arithmeticity of a subgroup of G(Q) is independent of the choice of Z-str... | Semi-simple group | 0.830727 |
5,464 | The differential equation is ready for solution (as stated above, the equation only holds for low concentrations): Using the Buckingham π theorem on this problem results in the following dimensionless groups: Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } is called the reduced scalar electric potential field. R {\displaystyle R} is called th... | Debye–Hückel equation | 0.830722 |
5,465 | In fact, such a ring substructure is called four membered ring or simply four-ring. The figure on the right shows a 4-ring with Si atoms connected to each other, which is the most common way to express the topology of the framework. The figure on the right compares the typical framework structures of LTA (left) and FAU... | Zeolite | 0.830721 |
5,466 | For a well-mixed greenhouse gas, radiative transfer codes that examine each spectral line for atmospheric conditions can be used to calculate the forcing ΔF as a function of a change in its concentration. These calculations may be simplified into an algebraic formulation that is specific to that gas. | Solar forcing | 0.83072 |
5,467 | During the expansion process, a variety of test are run to analyze the aerodynamic and thermal properties of the test vehicle. Skin friction The drag that is created when an object travels through a fluid, such as a liquid or gas Flow chemistry The analysis of reactions that take place during a continuous flow Durabili... | Shock tunnel | 0.83072 |
5,468 | Azizi and Brainerd demonstrated that the gear ratio of pennate muscle can vary; dependent on external load.Segmented musculature, like pennate muscle, has fibers aligned at an angle and due to this feature of design, when muscle fibers increase in angle with respect to the medial axis, along with the direction and amou... | Architectural gear ratio | 0.83072 |
5,469 | (Note: in this section traditional 3-vectors are indicated by lines over the symbols and spacetime vector and bivectors by bold symbols, with the vectors J and A exceptionally in uppercase) Maxwell's equations are used in physics to describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields. Normally given as four ... | Bivector | 0.830716 |
5,470 | In most areas of biology a single gene codes for one or a few possible proteins. Through V(D)J recombination a number of organisms take a relatively small number of genes coding for antibodies and T-cell receptors (TCRs) and produce a huge diversity of slightly different antibodies and TCRs. The diversity allows for th... | Immunosequencing | 0.830715 |
5,471 | Category:Physics textbooks List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics List of textbooks in electromagnetism List of textbooks in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics | List of textbooks in Physics | 0.830714 |
5,472 | In the 18th and 19th centuries, physics was dominated by Newtonian dynamics, with its emphasis on forces. Electromagnetic phenomena were elucidated by a series of experiments involving the measurement of forces between charges, currents and magnets in various configurations. Eventually, a description arose according to... | Aharonov-Bohm effect | 0.830714 |
5,473 | Truth-value semantics is not without its problems. First, the strong completeness theorem and compactness fail. To see this consider the set { F ( 1 ) , F ( 2 ) , … } {\displaystyle \{F(1),F(2),\dots \}} . | Truth-value semantics | 0.830711 |
5,474 | The reversible folding at each step (N->X->D) follows a two state transition pattern, the rate of the refolding to intermediate X and Native was relatively faster than the unfolding steps (1978). These studies provided evidence that in vitro protein folding may not be determined by the amino acid sequence in the protei... | Ahmad Salahuddin | 0.83071 |
5,475 | Then the differential equations reduce to a finite set of equations (usually linear) with finitely many unknowns. In other contexts one may be able to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one, and/or replace the general stress and strain tensors by simpler models like uniaxial tension/compression, ... | Physical stress | 0.830708 |
5,476 | Since the early 2000s, computational approaches involving the application of computational statistics and machine learning techniques to data of patients diagnosed with ALS have been employed by researchers worldwide. For example, crowd-sourcing DREAM challenge about computational approaches for ALS electronic health r... | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research | 0.830704 |
5,477 | Cystic fibrosis, for example, is caused by mutations in a single gene called CFTR and is inherited as a recessive trait.Other diseases are influenced by genetics, but the genes a person gets from their parents only change their risk of getting a disease. Most of these diseases are inherited in a complex way, with eithe... | Introduction to genetics | 0.830704 |
5,478 | b. Physics. Vibrational energy which occasions such a sensation. | Sound | 0.830701 |
5,479 | Kurt VanLehn's much more recent overview (2011) of modern ITS found that there was no statistical difference in effect size between expert one-on-one human tutors and step-based ITS. Some individual ITS have been evaluated more positively than others. Studies of the Algebra Cognitive Tutor found that the ITS students o... | Intelligent tutoring systems | 0.830701 |
5,480 | "Learning DFA from Simple Examples". Machine Learning. 44 (1/2): 9–35. | Machine Learning (journal) | 0.830701 |
5,481 | In mathematics, the finite lattice representation problem, or finite congruence lattice problem, asks whether every finite lattice is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of some finite algebra. | Finite lattice representation problem | 0.8307 |
5,482 | Geometrically, the construction goes like this: for any point (cos φ, sin φ) on the unit circle, draw the line passing through it and the point (−1, 0). This point crosses the y-axis at some point y = t. One can show using simple geometry that t = tan(φ/2). The equation for the drawn line is y = (1 + x)t. The equation ... | Tangent half-angle formula | 0.830692 |
5,483 | The compactness theorem states that a set of sentences S is satisfiable if every finite subset of S is satisfiable. The analogous statement with consistent instead of satisfiable is trivial, since every proof can have only a finite number of antecedents used in the proof. The completeness theorem allows us to transfer ... | Model-theoretic approach | 0.830692 |
5,484 | The expression of multiple MHC genes in a single muscle fiber is an example of polymorphism. The relative expression of these myosin types is determined partly by genetics and partly by other biological factors such as activity, innervation and hormones.The typing of motor units has thus gone through many stages and re... | Motor unit | 0.830691 |
5,485 | Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit MXNet: an open-source deep learning framework used to train and deploy deep neural networks. PyTorch: Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with GPU acceleration. TensorFlow: Apache 2.0-licensed Theano-like library with support for CPU, GPU and Google's proprietary TPU, mobile Theano... | Recurrent neural network | 0.83069 |
5,486 | For example, feature recognition algorithms usually assume sharp concave edges in the feature geometry. However, such edges are barely used in real design of mechanical components due to manufacturing constrains. Some of these issues such as the presence of filleted edges and free form surfaces in the model have been s... | Feature recognition | 0.83069 |
5,487 | a 2 + b 2 = c 2 ( Pythagorean theorem ) {\displaystyle \displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}\quad ({\text{Pythagorean theorem}})} ( s − a ) ( s − b ) = s ( s − c ) {\displaystyle \displaystyle (s-a)(s-b)=s(s-c)} s = 2 R + r . {\displaystyle \displaystyle s=2R+r.} a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 8 R 2 . {\displaystyle \displaystyle a^{2}+b... | Right angle triangle | 0.830685 |
5,488 | The BRS-inequality is a versatile tool since it applies to many types of problems, and since the computation of the BRS-equation is often not very involved. Also, and in particular, one notes that the maximum number N {\displaystyle N} always dominates the maximum number of selections under any additional constraint, ... | BRS-inequality | 0.830683 |
5,489 | For experimental physics, hotness means that, when comparing any two given bodies in their respective separate thermodynamic equilibria, any two suitably given empirical thermometers with numerical scale readings will agree as to which is the hotter of the two given bodies, or that they have the same temperature. This ... | Kinetic temperature | 0.830682 |
5,490 | Pathogenomics is a field which uses high-throughput screening technology and bioinformatics to study encoded microbe resistance, as well as virulence factors (VFs), which enable a microorganism to infect a host and possibly cause disease. This includes studying genomes of pathogens which cannot be cultured outside of a... | Pathogenomics | 0.830681 |
5,491 | For many students, passing algebra is often a Herculean challenge, so much so that many students have dropped out of high school because of it. The greatest obstacle for excelling in algebra is fluency with fractions, something many Americans do not have. Without mastery of high-school algebra—Algebra I and II—students... | Mathematics education in the United States | 0.830681 |
5,492 | One way of describing Cantor's isomorphism theorem uses the language of model theory. The first-order theory of unbounded dense linear orders consists of sentences in mathematical logic concerning variables that represent the elements of an order, with a binary relation used as the comparison operation of the ordering.... | Cantor's isomorphism theorem | 0.830678 |
5,493 | Conversely, some language features make certain optimizations easier. For example, in some languages functions are not permitted to have side effects. Therefore, if a program makes several calls to the same function with the same arguments, the compiler can immediately infer that the function's result need be computed ... | Compiler optimization | 0.830677 |
5,494 | Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are mathematical questions defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations. CSPs represent the entities in a problem as a homogeneous collection of finite constraints over variables, which is solved by constraint satisfaction methods. C... | Constraint Satisfaction Problems | 0.830676 |
5,495 | The Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study (SSMCIS) was the name of an American mathematics education program that stood for both the name of a curriculum and the name of the project that was responsible for developing curriculum materials. It is considered part of the second round of initiatives in ... | Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study | 0.830675 |
5,496 | Sometimes the order is imposed by the geometry of the underlying problem. For example, when used for vehicles, which have a special axis pointing to the "forward" direction, only one of the six possible combinations of rotations is useful. The interesting composition is the one able to control the heading and the eleva... | Davenport rotations | 0.830673 |
5,497 | Thus, sequence analysis can be used to assign function to genes and proteins by the study of the similarities between the compared sequences. Nowadays, there are many tools and techniques that provide the sequence comparisons (sequence alignment) and analyze the alignment product to understand its biology. Sequence ana... | Sequence analysis | 0.830672 |
5,498 | Some authors call the inverse hyperbolic functions hyperbolic area functions.Hyperbolic functions occur in the calculations of angles and distances in hyperbolic geometry. It also occurs in the solutions of many linear differential equations (such as the equation defining a catenary), cubic equations, and Laplace's equ... | Area hyperbolic tangent | 0.830668 |
5,499 | This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics. | Gene | 0.830667 |
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