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5,700 | Alternatively, a partition within the housing may slide back and forth. The area between the edges of the vanes changes, leading to a variable-aspect-ratio system with fewer moving parts.VGTs may be controlled by a membrane vacuum actuator, electric servo, 3-phase electric actuation, hydraulic actuator, or pneumatic ac... | Variable-geometry turbocharger | 0.830302 |
5,701 | Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total concentration. The extracted RNA is first mixed with ant... | RNase protection assay | 0.8303 |
5,702 | Amines are ubiquitous in biology. The breakdown of amino acids releases amines, famously in the case of decaying fish which smell of trimethylamine. Many neurotransmitters are amines, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine. Protonated amino groups (–NH+3) are the most common positivel... | Aliphatic amine | 0.830298 |
5,703 | Suppose there is a distribution of test scores in three topics (categories): Algebra: 45, 70, 29, 15 and 21 (5 scores) Geometry: 40, 20, 30 and 42 (4 scores) Statistics: 65, 95, 80, 70, 85 and 73 (6 scores).Then the subject averages are 36, 33 and 78, with an overall average of 52. The sums of squares of the difference... | Correlation ratio | 0.830296 |
5,704 | The modules are controlled by an internal language called the Direct Matrix Abstraction Program (DMAP). Each type of analysis available is called a solution sequence. Some of the most common solution sequence codes are: 101 - Linear Static 103 - Modal 105 - Buckling 106 - Non-Linear Static 107 - Direct Complex Eigenval... | Nastran | 0.830294 |
5,705 | A number of optimizations can make these algorithms run more efficiently without changing the output. There is no need to represent the table in either the encoder or decoder. In the encoder, each row of the table can be represented by a single pointer into the strings, and the sort performed using the indices. In the ... | Block-sorting compression | 0.830293 |
5,706 | Pattern recognition is a very active field of research intimately bound to machine learning. Also known as classification or statistical classification, pattern recognition aims at building a classifier that can determine the class of an input pattern. This procedure, known as training, corresponds to learning an unkno... | Prior knowledge for pattern recognition | 0.83029 |
5,707 | Industry experts pointed out that this is an unsolved problem with no solution in sight. Regularities argued that nevertheless the harm is real: if the problem has no solution, the tools should not be used.DARPA established the XAI ("Explainable Artificial Intelligence") program in 2014 to try and solve these problems.... | Cognitive system | 0.83029 |
5,708 | The main theme revolves around hard science, particularly the physics and thermodynamics of mixtures. While water should be in the form of ice at all times on Dhrawn, the effect of ammonia in the atmosphere is to cause it to become a liquid under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, because of the formation ... | Star Light | 0.830287 |
5,709 | In medicine, X-rays are absorbed to different extents by different tissues (bone in particular), which is the basis for X-ray imaging. In chemistry and materials science, different materials and molecules absorb radiation to different extents at different frequencies, which allows for material identification. In optics... | Absorption of light | 0.830285 |
5,710 | Go and chess are not impartial, as each player can only place or move pieces of their own color. Games such as poker, dice or dominos are not impartial games as they rely on chance. Impartial games can be analyzed using the Sprague–Grundy theorem, stating that every impartial game under the normal play convention is eq... | Impartial game | 0.830283 |
5,711 | In 1931 Paul Dirac was studying the quantum mechanics of an electric charge moving in a magnetic monopole field, and he found he could only consistently define the wavefunction if the electric charge e {\displaystyle e} and magnetic charge q {\displaystyle q} satisfy the quantization condition: e q = 2 π ℏ n n = 0 , ± ... | Montonen–Olive duality | 0.830283 |
5,712 | ^a Only classes are supported. ^b structs in C++ are actually classes, but have default public visibility and are also POD objects. C++11 extended this further, to make classes act identically to POD objects in many more cases. ^c pair only ^d Although Perl doesn't have records, because Perl's type system allows differ... | Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions) | 0.830281 |
5,713 | Any nonempty finite set has a group structure as a cyclic group generated by any element. Under the assumption of the axiom of choice, every infinite set X is equipotent with a unique cardinal number |X| which equals an aleph. Using the axiom of choice, one can show that for any family S of sets |⋃S| ≤ |S| × sup { |s|:... | Group structure and the axiom of choice | 0.830279 |
5,714 | Many universities are now using Baxter as a part of their courses in robotics, mechanical engineering, and computational sciences. Baxter provides many advantages over traditional robots in that no cages are required for its use, and students can work alongside it in a classroom environment without the potential for ac... | Baxter (robot) | 0.830277 |
5,715 | The VA's coil receives an even lower amount of power from this signal even at distances on the order of several meters. Multiple sensors in the VA use this signal to triangulate the pad and display targeting information to the driver on an in-car display.The existing test harness for the GA uses a circular topology for... | SAE J2954 | 0.830277 |
5,716 | Solar physics: Nakariakov et al. used EMD to demonstrate the triangular shape of quasi-periodic pulsations detected in the hard X-ray and microwave emission generated in solar flares. Barnhart and Eichinger used HHT to extract the periodic components within sunspot data, including the 11-year Schwabe, 22-year Hale, a... | Intrinsic mode function | 0.830272 |
5,717 | Khalil, Hatem; Ulery, Dana (1976), "A review of current studies on complexity of algorithms for partial differential equations", Proceedings of the annual conference on - ACM 76, ACM '76, pp. 197–201, doi:10.1145/800191.805573, ISBN 9781450374897, S2CID 15497394 Cook, Stephen (1983), "An overview of computational compl... | Intractability (complexity) | 0.830271 |
5,718 | A third edition was prepared by J. J. Thomson for publication in 1892. The treatise is said to be notoriously hard to read, containing plenty of ideas but lacking both the clear focus and orderliness that may have allowed it catch on more easily. It was noted by one historian of science that Maxwell's attempt at a comp... | A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism | 0.830271 |
5,719 | This implies that, unless if most polynomials appearing in the input are linear, it may not solve problems with more than four variables. Since 1973, most of the research on this subject is devoted either to improving CAD or finding alternative algorithms in special cases of general interest. As an example of the state... | Algebraic Geometry | 0.83027 |
5,720 | The extended Euclidean algorithm is the essential tool for computing multiplicative inverses in modular structures, typically the modular integers and the algebraic field extensions. A notable instance of the latter case are the finite fields of non-prime order. | Extended Euclidean algorithm | 0.83027 |
5,721 | It was later proven by Sydler that this is the only obstacle to dissection: every two Euclidean polyhedra with the same volumes and Dehn invariants can be cut up and reassembled into each other. The Dehn invariant is not a number, but a vector in an infinite-dimensional vector space, determined from the lengths and dih... | Facet of a polyhedron | 0.830269 |
5,722 | In chemistry, a molecule experiences strain when its chemical structure undergoes some stress which raises its internal energy in comparison to a strain-free reference compound. The internal energy of a molecule consists of all the energy stored within it. A strained molecule has an additional amount of internal energy... | Strain (chemistry) | 0.830268 |
5,723 | For example, meaning of a digit in a multi-digit number is coded following spatial information given its relation to its position within the number. Another study found that numerical estimation might rely on integrating different visual-spatial cues (diameter, size, location, measurement) to infer an answer. A study p... | Spatial ability | 0.830267 |
5,724 | Closest pair problem: find the pair of points (from a set of points) with the smallest distance between them Collision detection algorithms: check for the collision or intersection of two given solids Cone algorithm: identify surface points Convex hull algorithms: determining the convex hull of a set of points Graham s... | Combinatorial algorithms | 0.830266 |
5,725 | A standard formulation of the axiom of choice makes sense in any topos, and there are topoi in which it is invalid. Constructivists will be interested to work in a topos without the law of excluded middle. If symmetry under a particular group G is of importance, one can use the topos consisting of all G-sets. It is als... | Logical functor | 0.830265 |
5,726 | Karp's 21 problems are shown below, many with their original names. The nesting indicates the direction of the reductions used. For example, Knapsack was shown to be NP-complete by reducing Exact cover to Knapsack. Satisfiability: the boolean satisfiability problem for formulas in conjunctive normal form (often referre... | Reducibility among combinatorial problems | 0.830263 |
5,727 | Electric and magnetic fields store energy. The (volumetric) energy density is given by u = ε 2 E 2 + 1 2 μ B 2 {\displaystyle u={\frac {\varepsilon }{2}}\mathbf {E} ^{2}+{\frac {1}{2\mu }}\mathbf {B} ^{2}} where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field, and ε and µ are the permittivity and permeability of the s... | Energies per unit mass | 0.830263 |
5,728 | The oldest result relating algebraic structure to solvability of the word problem is Kuznetsov's theorem: A recursively presented simple group S has solvable word problem.To prove this let ⟨X|R⟩ be a recursive presentation for S. Choose a ∈ S such that a ≠ 1 in S. If w is a word on the generators X of S, then let: S w ... | Word problem for groups | 0.830262 |
5,729 | 2.5 (p. 20)) and (de la Rue 1993, Theorem 3-5). See also (Haezendonck 1973, Proposition 9 (and Remark after it)). | Standard probability space | 0.830262 |
5,730 | (A simple example of this is the design of a simple single-wheel wheelbarrow. A design where the axle is fixed to the barrow arms and the wheel rotates around it is prone to wear which quickly causes wobble, whereas a rotating axle that is attached to the wheel and that rotates upon bearings in the arms does not start ... | Moving part | 0.830258 |
5,731 | It is the rapid flipping of this bistable state that closes the trap, but the mechanism by which this occurs is still poorly understood. When the trigger hairs are stimulated, an action potential (mostly involving calcium ions—see calcium in biology) is generated, which propagates across the lobes and stimulates cells ... | Dionaea muscipula | 0.830257 |
5,732 | The latter work, widely distributed in academic computer science, uses the concept of Busy Beaver Numbers as described by Tibor Radó to illustrate the limits of computability in a pedagogic environment. He has also taught a graduate-level survey course, "Quantum Computing Since Democritus", for which notes are availabl... | Complexity Zoo | 0.830254 |
5,733 | In mathematics, comparison theorems are theorems whose statement involves comparisons between various mathematical objects of the same type, and often occur in fields such as calculus, differential equations and Riemannian geometry. | Comparison theorem | 0.830252 |
5,734 | Concerns have emerged regarding do-it-yourself biology research organizations due to their associated risk that a rogue amateur DIY researcher could attempt to develop dangerous bioweapons using genome editing technology.In 2002, when CNN went through Al-Qaeda's (AQ's) experiments with crude poisons, they found out tha... | Bacteriological weapons | 0.83025 |
5,735 | The Machine Learning package simply contains sample datasets at present. It has some classification algorithms such as QSVM and VQC (Variational Quantum Classifier), where this data can be used for experiments, and there is also QGAN (Quantum Generative Adversarial Network) algorithm. | Qiskit | 0.830247 |
5,736 | In abstract algebra, the center of a group, G, is the set of elements that commute with every element of G. It is denoted Z(G), from German Zentrum, meaning center. In set-builder notation, Z(G) = {z ∈ G | ∀g ∈ G, zg = gz}.The center is a normal subgroup, Z(G) ⊲ G. As a subgroup, it is always characteristic, but is not... | Centerless group | 0.830242 |
5,737 | In fact, most single-threaded program transformations continue to be allowed, since any program that behaves differently as a result must perform an undefined operation.— end note Note that the C++ draft specification admits the possibility of programs that are valid but use synchronization operations with a memory_ord... | Race hazard | 0.830241 |
5,738 | Further investigation into alternative metabolic pathways used by these organisms appear to present further problems for the premise. Stevenson (2015) has proposed other membrane alternatives for complex life in worlds without oxygen. In 2017, scientists from the NASA Astrobiology Institute discovered the necessary che... | Rare Earth Hypothesis | 0.830239 |
5,739 | Coordinate systems are essential for studying the equations of curves using the methods of analytic geometry. To use the method of coordinate geometry, the axes are placed at a convenient position with respect to the curve under consideration. For example, to study the equations of ellipses and hyperbolas, the foci are... | Rotation of axes in two dimensions | 0.830239 |
5,740 | Common Lisp has been used for prototyping the garbage collector of Microsoft's .NET Common Language Runtime. The original version of Reddit, though the developers later switched to Python due to the lack of libraries for Common Lisp, according to an official blog post by Reddit co-founder Steve Huffman.There also exist... | Corman Common Lisp | 0.830235 |
5,741 | Every element x has at least one inverse y satisfying xyx=x and yxy=y; the elements x and y are sometimes called "mutually inverse". Inverse semigroups are regular semigroups where every element has exactly one inverse. Alternatively, a regular semigroup is inverse if and only if any two idempotents commute. Affine sem... | Semigroup with zero | 0.830235 |
5,742 | There are several standard ways to form new Lie groups from old ones: The product of two Lie groups is a Lie group. Any topologically closed subgroup of a Lie group is a Lie group. This is known as the Closed subgroup theorem or Cartan's theorem. The quotient of a Lie group by a closed normal subgroup is a Lie group. | Lie group homomorphism | 0.830233 |
5,743 | This definition of codimension in terms of the number of functions needed to cut out a subspace extends to situations in which both the ambient space and subspace are infinite dimensional. In other language, which is basic for any kind of intersection theory, we are taking the union of a certain number of constraints. ... | Counting the constants | 0.830233 |
5,744 | As per the current trends in bioinformatics, web based tools are gaining popularity. The web service module allows bioinformatics services to be accessed using REST protocols. Currently, two services are implemented: NCBI Blast through the Blast URLAPI (previously known as QBlast) and the HMMER web service. | BioJava | 0.830233 |
5,745 | The statements of the theorems for rings are similar, with the notion of a normal subgroup replaced by the notion of an ideal. | First ring isomorphism theorem | 0.830232 |
5,746 | A strictly proper scoring rule, whether binary or multiclass, after an affine transformation remains a strictly proper scoring rule. That is, if S ( r , i ) {\displaystyle S(\mathbf {r} ,i)} is a strictly proper scoring rule then a + b S ( r , i ) {\displaystyle a+bS(\mathbf {r} ,i)} with b ≠ 0 {\displaystyle b\neq 0} ... | Proper score function | 0.830228 |
5,747 | Due to the Helmholtz decomposition theorem, Gauss's law for magnetism is equivalent to the following statement: The vector field A is called the magnetic vector potential. Note that there is more than one possible A which satisfies this equation for a given B field. In fact, there are infinitely many: any field of the ... | Gauss's law for magnetism | 0.830227 |
5,748 | Boosting algorithms can be based on convex or non-convex optimization algorithms. Convex algorithms, such as AdaBoost and LogitBoost, can be "defeated" by random noise such that they can't learn basic and learnable combinations of weak hypotheses. This limitation was pointed out by Long & Servedio in 2008. However, by ... | Boosting (meta-algorithm) | 0.830225 |
5,749 | 20Q is a computerized game of twenty questions that began as a test in artificial intelligence (AI). It was invented by Robin Burgener in 1988. The game was made handheld by Radica in 2003, but was discontinued in 2011 because Techno Source took the license for 20Q handheld devices. | 20Q | 0.830223 |
5,750 | The greatest element of Con(A) is the set AxA, which is the congruence corresponding to the constant homomorphism. The smallest congruence is the diagonal of AxA, corresponding to isomorphisms. Con(A) is a complete lattice. The compact elements of Con(A) are exactly the finitely generated congruences. Con(A) is an alge... | Algebraic lattices | 0.830222 |
5,751 | The PGC has two "core facilities"; the Core Facility for Bioinformatics (CFB) and the DNA Sequencing Core Facility (DSCF). A biobank is planned as PGC's third facility. The two facilities were funded by a ₱100 million (US$2.2 million) grant over three years from the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging ... | Philippine Genome Center | 0.830221 |
5,752 | "What price speed? Specific power required for propulsion of vehicles". Mechanical Engineering. 72: 775–781. | Theodore von Kármán bibliography | 0.83022 |
5,753 | F region - F-layer - f-spot - facula - fade margin - fading - fading distribution - filament (solar physics) - flare (solar physics) - flutter (electronics and communication) - FM DX - Forbush decrease - forward scatter - free space - free-space path loss - frequency of optimum transmission - frequency-hopping spread s... | Index of radio propagation articles | 0.830219 |
5,754 | The difficulty of the competition is compared to that of ARML, the AIME, or the Mandelbrot Competition, though it is considered to be a bit harder than these contests. The contest organizers state that, "HMMT, arguably one of the most difficult math competitions in the United States, is geared toward students who can c... | HMMT | 0.830218 |
5,755 | Supervised learning methods are trained on a set of experimentally determined structures, however, these methods highly depend on the training set. Unsupervised learning methods are based on the principle that topology depends on the maximum divergence of the amino acid distributions in different structural parts. It w... | Membrane topology | 0.830218 |
5,756 | Classification algorithms are used when the outputs are restricted to a limited set of values, and regression algorithms are used when the outputs may have any numerical value within a range. As an example, for a classification algorithm that filters emails, the input would be an incoming email, and the output would be... | Statistical learning | 0.830214 |
5,757 | Cartesian coordinates are the foundation of analytic geometry, and provide enlightening geometric interpretations for many other branches of mathematics, such as linear algebra, complex analysis, differential geometry, multivariate calculus, group theory and more. A familiar example is the concept of the graph of a fun... | Rectangular coordinate system | 0.830213 |
5,758 | Determination of the extent these dangling bonds have on electrical transport can be experimentally observed fairly readily. By sweeping the voltage across a conductor (Figure 3), the resistance, and with a defined geometry, the conductivity of the sample can be determined. As mentioned before, σ = ne2τ /m*, where τ ca... | Defect scattering | 0.830213 |
5,759 | Whereas Roberts's theorem concerns the fewest possible triangles made by a given number of lines, the related Kobon triangle problem concerns the largest number possible. The two problems differ already for n = 5 {\displaystyle n=5} , where Roberts's theorem guarantees that three triangles will exist, but the solution ... | Roberts's triangle theorem | 0.830211 |
5,760 | There are six conceptual categories of content to be covered at the high school level: Number, and quantity; Algebra; Functions; Modeling; Geometry; Statistics and probability.Some topics in each category are indicated only for students intending to take more advanced, optional courses such as calculus, advanced statis... | Common Core | 0.830211 |
5,761 | A space–time trade-off, also known as time–memory trade-off or the algorithmic space-time continuum in computer science is a case where an algorithm or program trades increased space usage with decreased time. Here, space refers to the data storage consumed in performing a given task (RAM, HDD, etc), and time refers to... | Time–memory tradeoff | 0.83021 |
5,762 | The equations provided by Princeton physics was used so N is the number of turns and L is the wire length: N = L d w i r e ⋅ ( D 2 − D 1 ) 2 ⋅ d w i r e {\displaystyle N={\frac {L}{d_{wire}}}\cdot {\frac {(D_{2}-D_{1})}{2\cdot d_{wire}}}} L w i r e = 0.515 ⋅ N ⋅ π ⋅ ( D 2 + D 1 ) {\displaystyle L_{wire}=0.515\cdot N\cd... | Electropermanent magnet | 0.830206 |
5,763 | Finally, Tangherlini showed in 1963 that when there are more than three spatial dimensions, electron orbitals around nuclei cannot be stable; electrons would either fall into the nucleus or disperse.Max Tegmark expands on the preceding argument in the following anthropic manner. If T differs from 1, the behavior of phy... | Anthropic reasoning | 0.830206 |
5,764 | "The key component of any indeterministic procedure is the evaluation of a position. Since it is impossible to devise a deterministic chain linking the inter-mediate state with the outcome of the game, the most complex component of any indeterministic method is assessing these intermediate stages. It is precisely the f... | Calculus of predispositions | 0.830202 |
5,765 | By definition, a set containing an infinite structure falls outside the area that FMT deals with. Note that infinite structures can never be discriminated in FO, because of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, which implies that no first-order theory with an infinite model can have a unique model up to isomorphism. The most f... | Finite model theory | 0.830201 |
5,766 | It reaches out to schools to give up-to-date information on biotechnology. Biotechnology is a rapidly evolving subject, and schools cannot keep up-to-date with all that they would be required to know. It produces educational resources. It runs the Microbiology in Schools Advisory Committee (MISAC). | National Centre for Biotechnology Education | 0.8302 |
5,767 | The EFE, being non-linear differential equations for the metric, are often difficult to solve. There are a number of strategies used to solve them. For example, one strategy is to start with an ansatz (or an educated guess) of the final metric, and refine it until it is specific enough to support a coordinate system bu... | Mathematics of general relativity | 0.830199 |
5,768 | Dephosphorylation can play a key role in molecular biology, particularly cloning using restriction enzymes. The cut ends of a vector may re-ligate during a ligation step due to phosphorylation. By using a desphosphorylating phosphatase, re-ligation can be avoided. Alkaline phosphatases, which remove the phosphate group... | Dephosphorylation | 0.830199 |
5,769 | BLAST, which The New York Times called the Google of biological research, is one of the most widely used bioinformatics programs for sequence searching. It addresses a fundamental problem in bioinformatics research. The heuristic algorithm it uses is much faster than other approaches, such as calculating an optimal ali... | Basic Local Alignment Search Tool | 0.830199 |
5,770 | Two lines that are parallel to the same line are also parallel to each other. In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides (Pythagoras' theorem). The law of cosines, a generalization of Pythagoras' theorem. | Euclid's fifth postulate | 0.830197 |
5,771 | Frequently, they are working with artificially created 2D periodic patterns, e.g. wallpapers, textiles, or building decoration in the Moorish/Arabic/Islamic tradition. The goals of these researchers are often related to the identification of point and translation symmetries by computational means and the subsequent cla... | Crystallographic image processing | 0.830196 |
5,772 | Mixed potential theory is a theory used in electrochemistry that relates the potentials and currents from differing constituents into a 'weighted' potential at zero net current. In other words, it is an electrode potential resulting from a simultaneous action of more than a single redox couple, while the net electrode ... | Mixed potential theory | 0.830196 |
5,773 | The Postgraduate Diploma year has five core papers required for the Postgraduate Diploma in Bioscience Enterprise. Students are also required to take three electives, which are generally science-based papers. SCIENT 701 (15 points) Accounting and Finance for Scientists SCIENT 702 (15 points) Marketing for Scientific an... | Master of Bioscience Enterprise | 0.830194 |
5,774 | There are only countably many integers, so this infinite Boolean algebra is countable. The atoms are the powers of two, namely 1,2,4,.... Another way of describing this algebra is as the set of all finite and cofinite sets of natural numbers, with the ultimately all-ones sequences corresponding to the cofinite sets, th... | Power set algebra | 0.830191 |
5,775 | Douglas Adams parodied this test in his book Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency: If it looks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, we have at least to consider the possibility that we have a small aquatic bird of the family Anatidae on our hands. Monty Python also referenced the test in the Witch Logic scene in the... | Duck test | 0.830191 |
5,776 | For the complex numbers, u(C) = 1. If F is quadratically closed then u(F) = 1. The function field of an algebraic curve over an algebraically closed field has u ≤ 2; this follows from Tsen's theorem that such a field is quasi-algebraically closed. If F is a non-real global or local field, or more generally a linked fie... | U-invariant | 0.83019 |
5,777 | This other possibility extends from the disjoint union case, where exclusive or and non-exclusive or both give the same answer. Handling this ambiguity was an early problem of the theory, reflecting the modern use of both Boolean rings and Boolean algebras (which are simply different aspects of one type of structure). ... | George Boole | 0.830186 |
5,778 | Physics Letters A. Elsevier BV. 60 (4): 269–270. Bibcode:1977PhLA...60..269A. | Bülent Atalay | 0.830185 |
5,779 | Typically, (ΔAmin) and Amin are of the magnitudes around 10−5 and 10−3 respectively. So, a transition can only be detected in MCD, not in the absorption spectroscopy, if ΔA/A > 10−2. This happens in paramagnetic systems that are at lower temperature or that have sharp lines in the spectroscopy.In biology, metalloprotei... | Magnetic circular dichroism | 0.830179 |
5,780 | In computer science, lattice problems are a class of optimization problems related to mathematical objects called lattices. The conjectured intractability of such problems is central to the construction of secure lattice-based cryptosystems: Lattice problems are an example of NP-hard problems which have been shown to b... | Shortest vector problem | 0.830173 |
5,781 | The crossed ladders theorem was extended to crossed ladders within a triangle. In 2002, Harold Joseph Stengel (1947–2007), an American secondary school teacher of mathematics, proved the extended theorem.Let AC be the base of a triangle ABC. Let ladder (line) AD have its foot at A and intersect BC at D; likewise, let l... | Crossed ladders problem | 0.830171 |
5,782 | Bioinformatics Developmental Biology Epigenetics Lipid Biology Neurobiology Pharmacogenomics Transgenics | Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics | 0.83017 |
5,783 | In molecular physics/nanotechnology, electrostatic deflection is the deformation of a beam-like structure/element bent by an electric field. It can be due to interaction between electrostatic fields and net charge or electric polarization effects. The beam-like structure/element is generally cantilevered (fix at one of... | Electrostatic deflection (molecular physics/nanotechnology) | 0.830168 |
5,784 | In mathematics, Burnside's theorem in group theory states that if G is a finite group of order p a q b {\displaystyle p^{a}q^{b}} where p and q are prime numbers, and a and b are non-negative integers, then G is solvable. Hence each non-Abelian finite simple group has order divisible by at least three distinct primes. | Burnside theorem | 0.830167 |
5,785 | The term is useful when examining protein folding; while a protein can theoretically exist in a nearly infinite number of conformations along its energy landscape, in reality proteins fold (or "relax") into secondary and tertiary structures that possess the lowest possible free energy. The key concept in the energy lan... | Energy landscape | 0.830167 |
5,786 | Further disadvantages include the non-linear geometry of the scanned images, and the impractical size of the disk, at least in the past. The Nipkow disks used in early TV receivers were roughly 30 cm to 50 cm in diameter, with 30 to 50 holes. | Nipkow disk | 0.830166 |
5,787 | Calorescence Camera trap Capnography Carbon dioxide sensor Ceramic heater Charge-coupled device Chemical imaging Chemical laser Circular dichroism Circumstellar dust Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System Cloud albedo Cloud feedback Cold shield Color confinement Combat Identification Panel Common Infrared Countermeas... | Index of infrared articles | 0.830165 |
5,788 | Right triangles obey the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse: a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the lengths of the legs and c is the length of the hypotenuse. Special right triangles are right triangles with additional propertie... | Triangle (geometry) | 0.830162 |
5,789 | The following sections lay out examples of some of the types of algebraic equations that may be encountered. | Elementary algebra | 0.830161 |
5,790 | Whenever a person participates in genetics research, the donation of a biological specimen often results in the creation of a large amount of personalized data. Such data is uniquely difficult to de-identify.Anonymization of genetic data is particularly difficult because of the huge amount of genotypic information in b... | De-identification | 0.830159 |
5,791 | An abstract structure is an abstraction that might be of the geometric spaces or a set structure, or a hypostatic abstraction that is defined by a set of mathematical theorems and laws, properties and relationships in a way that is logically if not always historically independent of the structure of contingent experien... | Abstract structure | 0.830159 |
5,792 | A more general class of examples is given by the Boolean algebra of all binary relations on a set X, namely the power set of X2, made a residuated lattice by taking the monoid multiplication • to be composition of relations and the monoid unit to be the identity relation I on X consisting of all pairs (x,x) for x in X.... | Residuated lattice | 0.830158 |
5,793 | The Frobenius normal p-complement theorem is a strengthening of the Burnside normal p-complement theorem, that states that if the normalizer of every non-trivial subgroup of a Sylow p-subgroup of G has a normal p-complement, then so does G. More precisely, the following conditions are equivalent: G has a normal p-compl... | P-nilpotent group | 0.830158 |
5,794 | A consequence of the theorem is that the order of any element a of a finite group (i.e. the smallest positive integer number k with ak = e, where e is the identity element of the group) divides the order of that group, since the order of a is equal to the order of the cyclic subgroup generated by a. If the group has n ... | Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | 0.830154 |
5,795 | Multidimensional Turing machine: For example, a model by Schönhage uses the four head-movement commands { North, South, East, West }. Single-tape, multi-head Turing machine: In an undecidability proof of the "problem of tag", Minsky and Shepherdson and Sturgis described machines with a single tape that could read along... | Turing machine equivalents | 0.830153 |
5,796 | OS/360 MVT (Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks) was an enhancement that further refined memory use. Instead of using fixed-size memory partitions, MVT allocates memory to regions for job steps as needed, provided enough contiguous physical memory is available. This is a significant advance over MFT's memo... | Multiple Virtual Storage | 0.83015 |
5,797 | This means that to build the circuit one would need two inverters, two AND gates, and an OR gate. The circuit can simplified (minimized) by applying laws of Boolean algebra or using intuition. Since the example states that A {\displaystyle A} is true when B {\displaystyle B} is false and the other way around, one can c... | Händler circle graph | 0.830149 |
5,798 | Both serve the same purpose of transporting oxygen in the organism. Although both of these proteins have completely different amino acid sequences, their protein structures are virtually identical, which reflects their near identical purposes and shared ancestor.Other techniques for predicting protein structure include... | Bioinformatics | 0.830145 |
5,799 | However, the trees produced by the method are only rooted if the substitution model is irreversible, which is not generally true of biological systems. The search for the maximum-likelihood tree also includes a branch length optimization component that is difficult to improve upon algorithmically; general global optimi... | Computational phylogenetics | 0.830145 |
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