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82,900 | Environmental engineering is often applied to assess contaminated sites, but more often is used in the design of systems to remediate contaminated soil and groundwater. Hydrogeology is the geoprofession involved when environmental studies involve subsurface water. Hydrogeology applications range from securing safe, ple... | Geoprofessions | 0.79933 |
82,901 | Thomas Edison's work in chemistry, including the development of carbon filaments and the nickel-iron battery and research into domestic sources of rubber at the Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange, New Jersey, The Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan, and the Edison and Ford Winter Estates in Fort Myers, ... | National Historic Chemical Landmarks | 0.79933 |
82,902 | A deep Q-network (DQN) is a type of deep learning model that combines a deep neural network with Q-learning, a form of reinforcement learning. Unlike earlier reinforcement learning agents, DQNs that utilize CNNs can learn directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs via reinforcement learning.Preliminary results were ... | Convolutional neural networks | 0.79933 |
82,903 | However, because of the growth hormone deficiency, this insulin resistance point cannot be reached and these individuals are more sensitive to insulin. Increased adipose deposits are therefore more likely to form in these individuals, causing the high WHR. Growth hormone deficiencies have also been correlated with WHRs... | Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.79933 |
82,904 | In 1931, Boris Zhitkov wrote a short story called Microhands (Микроруки), where the narrator builds for himself a pair of microscopic remote manipulators, and uses them for fine tasks like eye surgery. When he attempts to build even smaller manipulators to be manipulated by the first pair, the story goes into detail ab... | Nanotechnology in fiction | 0.79933 |
82,905 | The following result was prepared for publication by Dobbertin after Huhn's passing away in 1985. The two corresponding papers were published in 1989.Theorem (Huhn 1985). Every distributive (∨,0)-semilattice of cardinality at most ℵ1 satisfies Schmidt's Condition. | Huhn's theorem | 0.79933 |
82,906 | Statistical machine translation (SMT) is generated on the basis of statistical models whose parameters are derived from the analysis of bilingual text corpora. The initial model of SMT, based on Bayes Theorem, proposed by Brown et al. takes the view that every sentence in one language is a possible translation of any s... | Comparison of different machine translation approaches | 0.79933 |
82,907 | Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concepts such as nucl... | Christopher Kelk Ingold | 0.79933 |
82,908 | occupational choice model occupational licensing Okun's law Okishio's theorem oligopoly An industry with only a few firms. If these firms collude, they form a cartel, which may reduce output and drive up profits in the same way a monopoly does. oligopsony open energy modelling initiative open energy system models open-... | Glossary of economics | 0.799329 |
82,909 | One important improvement for land change modeling can be made though better aligning model choices with model goals. It is important to choose the appropriate modeling approach based on the scientific and application contexts of the specific study of interest. For example, when someone needs to design a model with pol... | Land change modeling | 0.799329 |
82,910 | If a space curve is surrounded by a sphere, the total absolute curvature of the sphere equals the expected value of the central projection of the curve onto a plane tangent to a random point of the sphere. According to the Fáry–Milnor theorem, every nontrivial smooth knot must have total absolute curvature greater than... | Total absolute curvature | 0.799329 |
82,911 | Chemical pre-treatments involve the use of phosphates or chromates in submersion or spray application. These often occur in multiple stages and consist of degreasing, etching, de-smutting, various rinses and the final phosphating or chromating of the substrate and new nanotechnology chemical bonding. The pre-treatment ... | Powder coating | 0.799329 |
82,912 | Chemical or biochemical technicians often work in clinical (medical) laboratories conducting routine analyses of medical samples such as blood and urine. Industries which employ chem techs include chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Companies within these industries can be concerned with manufacturi... | Chemical technologist | 0.799329 |
82,913 | Zorba provides more than 70 XQuery modules for building applications. Some of these modules are: File system, Email, HTTP client, OAuth client XQuery and JSONiq Data Model Processing: typing, atomic items, and nodes. Full-text: tokenizer, stemmer, thesaurus lookup. Data Cleaning: phonetic similarities, set similarities... | Zorba (XQuery processor) | 0.799328 |
82,914 | The CRISPR Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published every two months by Mary Ann Liebert. It covers research on all aspects of CRISPR research, including its uses in synthetic biology and genome editing. Its editor-in-chief is Rodolphe Barrangou. The journal's editorial board includes key pioneers of CRI... | The CRISPR Journal | 0.799327 |
82,915 | The third annual Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry Conference was held virtually on Thursday, June 24, and Friday, June 25, 2021. 2021 Career Panel featured Kay Brummond (Univ of Pittsburgh), Martha A. Sarpong (GlaxoSmithKline), Emma Radoux (Royal Society of Chemistry), Callie Bryan (Janssen), Kimberly Steward (Car... | Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry | 0.799327 |
82,916 | In Bayesian probability theory, if the posterior distribution p ( θ ∣ x ) {\displaystyle p(\theta \mid x)} is in the same probability distribution family as the prior probability distribution p ( θ ) {\displaystyle p(\theta )} , the prior and posterior are then called conjugate distributions, and the prior is called a ... | Conjugate prior distribution | 0.799327 |
82,917 | In March 2015, BioMed Central retracted 43 articles and Springer retracted 64 papers in 10 journals in August 2015. Tumor Biology journal is another example of peer review fraud.In 2020, the Journal of Nanoparticle Research fell victim to an "organized rogue editor network", who impersonated respected academics, got a ... | Academic peer review | 0.799327 |
82,918 | The Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics (Czech: Český institut informatiky, robotiky a kybernetiky, CIIRC) was established as a part of the Czech Technical University in Prague on July 1, 2013. In the premises of the CTU in Dejvice there has been two new buildings for CIIRC built since November 201... | Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics | 0.799327 |
82,919 | This is the heart of Cantor's theorem: there is no surjective function from any set A {\displaystyle A} to its power set. To establish this, it is enough to show that no function f {\displaystyle f} that maps elements in A {\displaystyle A} to subsets of A {\displaystyle A} can reach every possible subset, i.e., we jus... | Cantor's theorem | 0.799326 |
82,920 | Fast Forward Labs specializes in machine learning intelligence research. Mason is the CEO of the Fast Forward Labs until the acquisition, on September 7, 2017 by Cloudera, a US open-source software company that offers support, training and software to business clients. Cloudera extended this offer due to FFL's experien... | Hilary Mason (entrepreneur) | 0.799325 |
82,921 | Lagrangian field theoryGeneralized coordinates apply to discrete particles. For N scalar fields φi(r, t) where i = 1, 2, ... N, the Lagrangian density is a function of these fields and their space and time derivatives, and possibly the space and time coordinates themselves: and the Euler–Lagrange equations have an anal... | Analytical mechanics | 0.799325 |
82,922 | Asked about the applications of his discoveries, Hertz replied, Nothing, I guess Hertz's proof of the existence of airborne electromagnetic waves led to an explosion of experimentation with this new form of electromagnetic radiation, which was called "Hertzian waves" until around 1910 when the term "radio waves" became... | Heinrich Hertz | 0.799325 |
82,923 | In the years 1970-1973, Holmgren was a senior lecturer in medical chemistry and 1973-1982 a research lecturer and assistant professor of medical chemistry. He was appointed professor of medical protein chemistry and enzymology at KI in 1983, and in 1991 professor of biochemistry and director of the Department of Bioche... | Arne Holmgren | 0.799325 |
82,924 | ∂ is also used to denote the following: The Jacobian ∂ ( x , y , z ) ∂ ( u , v , w ) {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (u,v,w)}}} . The boundary of a set in topology. The boundary operator on a chain complex in homological algebra. The boundary operator of a differential graded algebra. The conjugate of... | ∂ | 0.799325 |
82,925 | Dark matter is sought via underground detectors and observatories like LIGO have started to detect gravitational waves. Genetic engineering technology continues to improve, and the importance of epigenetics on development and inheritance has also become increasingly recognized.New spaceflight technology and spacecraft ... | History of technology | 0.799325 |
82,926 | He tried to explain his idea in both mathematical and also accessible forms to both technical and general audience. His main ideas are reflected in The Mathematical Structure of Human Affairs (1974). That book covers the key ideas in q-analysis and its application to a wide range of examples, like analyzing game of che... | Q-analysis | 0.799325 |
82,927 | This passes nearly unnoticed if we talk about 'squaring a matrix', though, which is the case of f ( x ) = x 2 {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}} and M {\displaystyle M} an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix. The idea of a functional calculus is to create a principled approach to this kind of overloading of the notation. Th... | Functional calculus | 0.799325 |
82,928 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the steriruncic tesseractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 4-space. | Steriruncic tesseractic honeycomb | 0.799325 |
82,929 | It was the foundation of Sequential Thematic Organization of Publications (STOP) created by Hughes in 1963 and used until Hughes was divested by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in 1985. The US Department of Defense puts the systems engineering process interactions into a V-model relationship.It has now found widesp... | V-model | 0.799324 |
82,930 | They are sheets that allows large groups to collectively brainstorm and recognize agreements on an unlimited number of ideas they have each wrote. Participative decision-making occurs when an authority opens up the decision-making process to a group of people for a collaborative effort. Decision engineering uses a visu... | Decision making process | 0.799324 |
82,931 | ASME Y14.41 was born of the need to utilize Computer-aided design (CAD) data as a manufacturing and/or inspection source. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, solid modeling and CAD were becoming important tools for engineers looking to create and define increasingly complex geometry. For example, ergonomic and aerodynam... | ASME Y14.41 | 0.799324 |
82,932 | Priority and attribution of mathematical discovery are important to professional practice, even as some theorems bear the name of the person making the conjecture rather than finding the proof. Folk theorems, or mathematical folklore cannot be attributed to an individual, and may not have an agreed proof, despite being... | Ethics in mathematics | 0.799324 |
82,933 | The measure of a set is 1 if it contains the point a {\displaystyle a} and 0 otherwise.Other 'named' measures used in various theories include: Borel measure, Jordan measure, ergodic measure, Gaussian measure, Baire measure, Radon measure, Young measure, and Loeb measure. In physics an example of a measure is spatial d... | Measure theoretic | 0.799324 |
82,934 | Yield management and econometrics center on detailed forecasting and mathematical optimization of marginal revenue opportunities. The opportunities arise from segmentation of consumer willingness to pay. If the market for a particular good follows the simple straight line Price/Demand relationship illustrated below, a ... | Yield management | 0.799324 |
82,935 | In chemistry, a Grob fragmentation is an elimination reaction that breaks a neutral aliphatic chain into three fragments: a positive ion spanning atoms 1 and 2 (the "electrofuge"), an unsaturated neutral fragment spanning positions 3 and 4, and a negative ion (the "nucleofuge") comprising the rest of the chain.For exam... | Grob fragmentation | 0.799324 |
82,936 | Also, it is not immediately clear whether regularity depends on a choice of affine charts (it does not.) This kind of a consistency issue, however, disappears if one adopts the formal definition. Formally, an (abstract) algebraic variety is defined to be a particular kind of a locally ringed space. | Biregular map | 0.799324 |
82,937 | For example, when G is the group GL(n), its Lie algebra g l ( n ) {\displaystyle {{\mathfrak {g}}l}(n)} is the vector space of all n × n matrices over k. Let T be the subgroup of diagonal matrices in G. Then the root-space decomposition expresses g l ( n ) {\displaystyle {{\mathfrak {g}}l}(n)} as the direct sum of the ... | Split reductive group | 0.799323 |
82,938 | One can even find three linearly independent and nonvanishing vector fields. These may be taken to be any left-invariant vector fields forming a basis for the Lie algebra of the 3-sphere. This implies that the 3-sphere is parallelizable. | Three-dimensional sphere | 0.799323 |
82,939 | In geometry, the order-4 square hosohedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {2,4,4}. It has 4 square hosohedra {2,4} around each edge. In other words, it is a packing of infinitely tall square columns. It is a degenerate honeycomb in Euclidean space, but can be seen ... | Order-4 square hosohedral honeycomb | 0.799322 |
82,940 | Simulation is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of computer Science. The editor-in-chief is Gabriel Wainer (Carleton University). The journal was established in 1963 and is published by SAGE Publications in association with the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. | Simulation (journal) | 0.799322 |
82,941 | While the game scorer keeps track of points scored and fouls committed, statisticians also record other details of the game, such as assists, turnovers, and field goal percentage. Game statistics can be recorded using tally sheets, or computer software designed for the purpose. Computerised methods are increasingly bei... | Basketball statistician | 0.799322 |
82,942 | A semantic proof of Tarski's theorem from Post's theorem is obtained by reductio ad absurdum as follows. Assuming T ∗ {\displaystyle T^{*}} is arithmetically definable, there is a natural number n {\displaystyle n} such that T ∗ {\displaystyle T^{*}} is definable by a formula at level Σ n 0 {\displaystyle \Sigma _{n}^{... | Tarski's undefinability theorem | 0.799322 |
82,943 | Thomas R. Cundari is regents professor of chemistry at the University of North Texas and co-director of the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM). | Thomas R. Cundari | 0.799322 |
82,944 | As a consequence, all hyperbolic triangles have an area that is less than or equal to R2π. The area of a hyperbolic ideal triangle in which all three angles are 0° is equal to this maximum. As in Euclidean geometry, each hyperbolic triangle has an incircle. In hyperbolic geometry, if all three of its vertices lie on a ... | Lobachevsky geometry | 0.799322 |
82,945 | Blender has multi-resolution digital sculpting, which includes dynamic topology, "baking", remeshing, re-symmetrization, and decimation. The latter is used to simplify models for exporting purposes (an example being game assets). | Blender (software) | 0.799321 |
82,946 | For polymers used in this device, hole mobilities are greater than electron mobilities, so the polymer phase is used to transport holes. The nanoparticles transport electrons to the electrode.The interfacial area between the polymer phase and the nanoparticles needs to be large. This is achieved by dispersing the parti... | Hybrid solar cell | 0.799321 |
82,947 | The generalized binomial theorem can be extended to the case where x and y are complex numbers. For this version, one should again assume |x| > |y| and define the powers of x + y and x using a holomorphic branch of log defined on an open disk of radius |x| centered at x. The generalized binomial theorem is valid also f... | Negative binomial theorem | 0.799321 |
82,948 | Chemistry education is important because the field of chemistry is fundamental to our world. The universe is subject to the laws of chemistry, while human beings depend on the orderly progress of chemical reactions within their bodies. Described as the central science, chemistry connects physical sciences with the life... | Chemistry education | 0.79932 |
82,949 | In organic chemistry, tetraaminoethylene is a hypothetical, organic compound with formula C2N4H8 or (H2N)2C=C(NH2)2. Like all polyamines that are geminal, this compound has never been synthesised and is believed to be extremely unstable.However, there are many stable compounds that can be viewed as derivatives of tetra... | C2N4H8 | 0.79932 |
82,950 | In 1950, he graduated from Physics faculty of Leningrad State University. He was sent to Mayak PA where he had worked as an engineer and senior engineer (1951-1953). At age 25 (1953) he became a faculty member in the "Evening Department #1" of Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (Ozersk Branch of Moscow Engineering Ph... | Valentin Fedorovich Khokhryakov | 0.79932 |
82,951 | Given two randomly chosen integers a and b, it is reasonable to ask how likely it is that a and b are coprime. In this determination, it is convenient to use the characterization that a and b are coprime if and only if no prime number divides both of them (see Fundamental theorem of arithmetic). Informally, the probabi... | Coprime number | 0.79932 |
82,952 | Benjamin Aaron Garcia (born May 19, 1976) is an American chemist and Professor at the Washington University in St. Louis. His research interests revolve around developing novel mass spectrometry methods to analyze post-translational modifications of proteins and epigenetics. His work has resulted in over 250 publicatio... | Benjamin A. Garcia | 0.79932 |
82,953 | This in turn leads to Boltzmann's H-theorem of 1872, which attempted to use kinetic theory to show that the entropy of a gas prepared in a state of less than complete disorder must inevitably increase, as the gas molecules are allowed to collide. This drew the objection from Loschmidt that it should not be possible to ... | Molecular chaos | 0.79932 |
82,954 | As part of the One Laptop per Child project, a sequence of Smalltalk-based languages has been developed, each designed to act as an introduction to the next. The structure is Scratch to Etoys to Squeak to any Smalltalk. Each provides graphical environments which may be used to teach not only programming concepts to kid... | Educational programming language | 0.799319 |
82,955 | In 2017, Argo announced university partnerships with Carnegie Mellon University and the Georgia Institute of Technology to research computer vision and machine learning technologies.In June 2019, Argo announced a $15 million investment over five years to create the Carnegie Mellon University Argo AI Center for Autonomo... | Argo AI | 0.799319 |
82,956 | In 7-dimensional geometry, 132 is a uniform polytope, constructed from the E7 group. Its Coxeter symbol is 132, describing its bifurcating Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with a single ring on the end of one of the 1-node sequences. The rectified 132 is constructed by points at the mid-edges of the 132. These polytopes are par... | 1 32 polytope | 0.799319 |
82,957 | Wiswesser then served as an instructor of chemistry in the Cooper Union's School of Engineering during the 1940s. It was during this time that he published his 1945 paper describing a formula that correctly orders the subshells of atomic orbitals in the manner of the Aufbau principle, known as the Wiswesser rule. Follo... | William Wiswesser | 0.799318 |
82,958 | The space is compact as the product of two compact spaces; alternatively, it is compact because each nonempty open set contains all but finitely many points. For an example of the countable double-pointed cofinite topology, the set Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } of integers can be given a topology such that every even ... | Cofinite subset | 0.799318 |
82,959 | Consider a two-dimensional, infinitesimal, rectangular material element with dimensions dx × dy, which, after deformation, takes the form of a rhombus. The deformation is described by the displacement field u. From the geometry of the adjacent figure we have and For very small displacement gradients the squares of the ... | Relative elongation | 0.799318 |
82,960 | He returned to Berkeley and graduated in 1948. He enrolled in at Columbia University and began his graduate work in physical organic chemistry with William von Eggers Doering. He moved with Doering to Yale University and received his M.S. | Charles H. DePuy (chemist) | 0.799318 |
82,961 | Ceyuan haijing (Chinese: 測圓海鏡; pinyin: Cèyuán Hǎijìng), or Sea-Mirror of the Circle Measurements, is a collection of 692 formula and 170 problems related to inscribed circle in a triangle, written by Li Zhi (or Li Ye) (1192–1272 AD). He used Tian yuan shu to convert intricated geometry problems into pure algebra proble... | Chinese mathematics | 0.799318 |
82,962 | Forensic statistics is the application of probability models and statistical techniques to scientific evidence, such as DNA evidence, and the law. In contrast to "everyday" statistics, to not engender bias or unduly draw conclusions, forensic statisticians report likelihoods as likelihood ratios (LR). This ratio of pro... | Forensic statistics | 0.799318 |
82,963 | The standard proof is performed geometrically. An alternative proof uses analytic geometry: The proof is done, if one is able to show that the intersection points U , V {\displaystyle U,V} of the line P ′ Q {\displaystyle P'Q} with the axes of the ellipse lie on the circle through C {\displaystyle C} with center D {\di... | Rytz's construction | 0.799318 |
82,964 | The title of the article, "On a Property of the Collection of All Real Algebraic Numbers" ("Ueber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen"), refers to its first theorem: the set of real algebraic numbers is countable. Cantor's article was published in 1874. | Cantor's first set theory article | 0.799317 |
82,965 | Traffic actuated signal systems use detectors to adjust timing for: Only the main street - semi-actuated system Both main and cross streets - fully actuated system.The above method is primitive real-time signal optimization at best. This method will optimize one traffic signal at a time. However, in the real world, a m... | Traffic optimization | 0.799316 |
82,966 | The term "information algebra" refers to mathematical techniques of information processing. Classical information theory goes back to Claude Shannon. It is a theory of information transmission, looking at communication and storage. However, it has not been considered so far that information comes from different sources... | Valuation algebra | 0.799316 |
82,967 | The solid crystals produced have a fine lamellar structure.The other two techniques, sintered powder compact and polymer matrix composites, are powder based. These techniques allow for intricate geometry and detail. However, the size is limited to 10mm in diameter and 100mm in length due to the molds used. | Terfenol-D | 0.799316 |
82,968 | This interchange is an involution, so its only effect is to multiply the phase by a square root of 1. If the root is +1, then the points have Bose statistics, and if the root is –1, the points have Fermi statistics. In the case M = R 2 , {\displaystyle M=\mathbb {R} ^{2},} the universal covering space of \ {coincident... | Indistinguishable particles | 0.799315 |
82,969 | Miray Bekbölet completed a B.S. with high distinction in chemistry and physics at Ege University in 1973. In 1979, she earned a Ph.D. in food sciences at Ege University. | Miray Bekbölet | 0.799315 |
82,970 | Brodbelt's research centers on the development of mass spectrometry-based methods to characterize organic molecules. Brodbelt's early research established methods to use chemical ionization in ion trap mass spectrometers and applied this method to the analysis of petroleum samples. She subsequently worked on gas-phase ... | Jennifer S. Brodbelt | 0.799315 |
82,971 | The calculator also handles vectors, matrices and complex numbers better than the TI-83. One drawback, however, is that the statistics package on the TI-83 range doesn't come preloaded on the TI-86. However, it can be downloaded from the Texas Instruments program archive and installed on the calculator using the link c... | TI-86 | 0.799315 |
82,972 | More or less, all interpretations of quantum mechanics share two qualities: They interpret a formalism—a set of equations and principles to generate predictions via input of initial conditions They interpret a phenomenology—a set of observations, including those obtained by empirical research and those obtained informa... | Time-symmetric interpretations | 0.799315 |
82,973 | The night sky remains a fundamental setting for both amateur and professional observational astronomy. non-inclined orbit Any orbit that is coplanar with a specified plane of reference, such that the orbital inclination is 0 degrees for prograde orbits and 180 degrees for retrograde ones. nuclear star cluster (NSC) A c... | O–C diagram | 0.799314 |
82,974 | Topology of a transmembrane protein refers to locations of N- and C-termini of membrane-spanning polypeptide chain with respect to the inner or outer sides of the biological membrane occupied by the protein. Several databases provide experimentally determined topologies of membrane proteins. They include Uniprot, TOPDB... | Membrane topology | 0.799314 |
82,975 | He worked the summer of 1991 at Xerox PARC (now PARC). Since 1992 he has been at Sandia National Laboratories in the Center for Computing Research, with several different roles. He researched theoretical computational geometry meshing from 1992—1993. | Scott A. Mitchell | 0.799314 |
82,976 | A test statistic shares some of the same qualities of a descriptive statistic, and many statistics can be used as both test statistics and descriptive statistics. However, a test statistic is specifically intended for use in statistical testing, whereas the main quality of a descriptive statistic is that it is easily i... | Test statistic | 0.799314 |
82,977 | Programming language theory is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and their individual features. It falls within the discipline of theoretical computer science, both depending on and affecting mathematics, soft... | Theoretical computer scientist | 0.799314 |
82,978 | The proofs of the Kronecker–Weber theorem by Kronecker (1853) and Weber (1886) both had gaps. The first complete proof was given by Hilbert in 1896. In 1879, Alfred Kempe published a purported proof of the four color theorem, whose validity as a proof was accepted for eleven years before it was refuted by Percy Heawood... | List of incomplete proofs | 0.799313 |
82,979 | A Frost diagram or Frost–Ebsworth diagram is a type of graph used by inorganic chemists in electrochemistry to illustrate the relative stability of a number of different oxidation states of a particular substance. The graph illustrates the free energy vs oxidation state of a chemical species. This effect is dependent o... | Frost diagram | 0.799313 |
82,980 | The unique factorization of Euclidean domains is useful in many applications. For example, the unique factorization of the Gaussian integers is convenient in deriving formulae for all Pythagorean triples and in proving Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares. Unique factorization was also a key element in an attempted ... | Euclidean Algorithm | 0.799313 |
82,981 | However, Newton stated that the gradual apsidal precession of the planetary and lunar orbits was due to the effects of these neglected interactions; in particular, he stated that the precession of the Moon's orbit was due to the perturbing effects of gravitational interactions with the Sun.Newton's theorem of revolving... | Newton's theorem of revolving orbits | 0.799313 |
82,982 | Knowledge of computer programming is a prerequisite for becoming a software engineer. In 2004 the IEEE Computer Society produced the SWEBOK, which has been published as ISO/IEC Technical Report 1979:2005, describing the body of knowledge that they recommend to be mastered by a graduate software engineer with four years... | Software engineers | 0.799312 |
82,983 | Other key inventions include trellis modulation, which revolutionized data transmission over telephone lines; Token Ring, which became a standard for local area networks and a highly successful IBM product; the Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) standard used for highly secure payments; and the Java Card OpenPlatform ... | IBM Research | 0.799312 |
82,984 | Minimize the continuous-time cost functional subject to the first-order dynamic constraints (the state equation) the algebraic path constraints and the endpoint conditions where x ( t ) {\displaystyle {\textbf {x}}(t)} is the state, u ( t ) {\displaystyle {\textbf {u}}(t)} is the control, t {\displaystyle t} is the ind... | Optimal Control | 0.799312 |
82,985 | It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size. Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally broad, including fields of science as diverse as surface science, organic chemistry, mo... | Nanotechnology Engineering | 0.799312 |
82,986 | Beliefs are defined as one's individually held ideas about statistics, about oneself as a learner of statistics, and about the social context of learning statistics. Beliefs are distinct from attitudes in the sense that attitudes are relatively stable and intense feelings that develop over time in the context of experi... | Statistics education | 0.799312 |
82,987 | The ω-consistency of a system implies its consistency, but consistency does not imply ω-consistency. J. Barkley Rosser (1936) strengthened the incompleteness theorem by finding a variation of the proof (Rosser's trick) that only requires the system to be consistent, rather than ω-consistent. This is mostly of technical... | Incompleteness theorems | 0.799311 |
82,988 | in physics from Louisiana State University in 1980 and earned his Ph.D. in Planetary Science from the University of Arizona in 1984. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Hawaii from 1985 to 1988. | B612 Foundation | 0.799311 |
82,989 | Then the following hold: ψ ↔ ψ ∗ {\displaystyle \psi \leftrightarrow \psi ^{\ast }} is provable in T ′ {\displaystyle T'} , and T ′ {\displaystyle T'} is a conservative extension of T {\displaystyle T} .The fact that T ′ {\displaystyle T'} is a conservative extension of T {\displaystyle T} shows that the defining axiom... | Extension by definitions | 0.799311 |
82,990 | Structural or geometric inpainting is used for smooth images that have strong, defined borders. There are many different approaches to geometric inpainting, but they all stem from the same idea that geometry can be recovered from similar areas or domains. Bertalmio proposed a method of structural inpainting that mimics... | Inpainting | 0.799311 |
82,991 | Before the acceptance of the de Broglie hypothesis, diffraction was a property that was thought to be exhibited only by waves. Therefore, the presence of any diffraction effects by matter demonstrated the wave-like nature of matter. The matter wave interpretation was placed onto a solid foundation in 1928 by Hans Bethe... | De Broglie wavelength | 0.79931 |
82,992 | Neyman has made contributions to other fields of mathematics, usually motivated by problems in game theory. Among these contributions are a renewal theorem for sampling without replacement (mentioned above as applied to the theory of the value), contributions to embeddings of Lp spaces, contributions to the theory of v... | Abraham Neyman | 0.79931 |
82,993 | An encyclopedia also often includes many maps and illustrations, as well as bibliography and statistics.Compared to a dictionary, the encyclopedic dictionary offers a more complete description and a choice of entries selected to convey a range of knowledge. Compared to an encyclopedia, the encyclopedic dictionary offer... | Encyclopedic dictionary | 0.79931 |
82,994 | HiGHS can be used as a stand‑alone solver library in bespoke applications, but numerical computing environments, optimization programming packages, and domain‑specific numerical analysis projects are starting to incorporate the software into their systems also. | HiGHS optimization solver | 0.79931 |
82,995 | Wright's statistical theory for isolation by distance looks at population genetic consequences measured by F-statistics where the correlation of randomly uniting gametes within a subpopulation relative to those of the total population is the FST value. F S T = V a r ( q S T ) q T ( 1 − q T ) {\displaystyle F_{ST}={\fra... | Isolation by distance | 0.79931 |
82,996 | Due to speed of light constraints on communication, manufacturing in space at a distant point of resource acquisition will either require completely autonomous robotics to perform the labor, or a human crew with all the accompanying habitat and safety requirements. If the plant is built in orbit around the Earth, or ne... | Space manufacturing | 0.79931 |
82,997 | Leung completed her B.S. (1984) with honors in Physics and Statistics from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She then took two years to teach at a local high school, after which she earned her M.S. (1988) and Ph.D. | Lai-yung Ruby Leung | 0.79931 |
82,998 | In algebraic geometry, a nodal surface is a surface in (usually complex) projective space whose only singularities are nodes. A major problem about them is to find the maximum number of nodes of a nodal surface of given degree. The following table gives some known upper and lower bounds for the maximal number of nodes ... | Nodal surface | 0.79931 |
82,999 | A typical recombination scheme is the E-scheme, or 4-vector scheme, in which the 4-vector of a jet is defined as the sum of 4-vectors of all its constituents. In relativistic heavy ion physics, jets are important because the originating hard scattering is a natural probe for the QCD matter created in the collision, and... | Jet (particle physics) | 0.79931 |
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