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82,800 | In type theory, a kind of foundation of mathematics, a quotient type is an algebraic data type that represents a type whose equality relation has been redefined by a given equivalence relation such that the elements of the type are partitioned into a set of equivalence classes whose cardinality is less than or equal to... | Quotient type | 0.799351 |
82,801 | This highly complex phenomenon has proved difficult to model with traditional systems, but has been modelled in part with the world's most powerful supercomputer. In addition, aspects of electron runaway have been simulated using the popular particle physics modelling module Geant4. | Runaway electrons | 0.799351 |
82,802 | Extensions to graphs include graph neural network (GNN), Neural Network for Graphs (NN4G), and more recently convolutional neural networks for graphs. == References == | Recursive neural network | 0.799351 |
82,803 | The courses cover security fundamentals and technical aspects of information security. The institute has been recognized for its training programs and certification programs. Per 2021, SANS is the world’s largest cybersecurity research and training organization. SANS is an acronym for SysAdmin, Audit, Network, and Secu... | SANS Institute | 0.799351 |
82,804 | Phylogenesis (from Greek φῦλον phylon "tribe" + γένεσις genesis "origin") is the biological process by which a taxon (of any rank) appears. The science that studies these processes is called phylogenetics.These terms may be confused with the term phylogenetics, the application of molecular - analytical methods (i.e. mo... | Phylogenesis | 0.79935 |
82,805 | There has also been concern that CFDs are little more than gambling implying that most traders lose money trading CFDs. It is impossible to confirm what the average returns are from trading as no reliable statistics are available and CFD providers do not publish such information, however prices of CFDs are based on pub... | Contracts for difference | 0.79935 |
82,806 | Geometry: from Isometries to Special Relativity. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42101-4. ISBN 978-3-030-42100-7. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.799349 |
82,807 | Antal I. "Tony" Jákli (born 3 October 1958) is a Hungarian-American physicist and professor of chemical physics at Kent State University. He is known for his work with bent-core, flexoelectric, and ferroelectric liquid crystals. | Antal Jákli | 0.799349 |
82,808 | For text-to-image models, "Textual inversion" performs an optimization process to create a new word embedding based on a set of example images. This embedding vector acts as a "pseudo-word" which can be included in a prompt to express the content or style of the examples. | Prompt injection | 0.799349 |
82,809 | Even once the DNA duplex structure was solved, it was initially an open question whether additional DNA structures were needed to explain its overall topology. there were initially questions about how it might affect DNA replication. In 1963, autoradiographs of the E. coli chromosome demonstrated that it was a single c... | Obsolete models of DNA structure | 0.799348 |
82,810 | Pseudorandom graphs factor prominently in the proof of the Green–Tao theorem. The theorem is proven by transferring Szemerédi's theorem, the statement that a set of positive integers with positive natural density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, to the sparse setting (as the primes have natural densit... | Quasi-random graph | 0.799348 |
82,811 | If the system is scaled by the factor λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , then the mass and volume become λ m {\displaystyle \lambda m} and λ V {\displaystyle \lambda V} , and the density becomes ρ = λ m λ V {\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {\lambda m}{\lambda V}}} ; the two λ {\displaystyle \lambda } s cancel, so this could be wr... | Intensive parameter | 0.799348 |
82,812 | "On 4 April 2013, John C. Liu visited a MOUS program in Washington Heights, Manhattan. In a 2013 report, Liu recommended that MOUSE programs be offered at every public middle and high school.On 13 November 2014, the MOUSE Squad at the Stephen A. Halsey School was honored by an official proclamation at a city hall. Amon... | Making Opportunities for Upgrading Schools and Education | 0.799347 |
82,813 | Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyano group at the cobalt is replaced with a methyl group. Methylcobalamin features an octahedral cobalt(III) centre and can be obtained as bright red crystals. From the perspective of coordi... | Methylcobalamin | 0.799347 |
82,814 | In 2007 Rost was elected president of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB), taking over from Michael Gribskov. Rost served as president until 2014; his successor was Alfonso Valencia. | Burkhard Rost | 0.799347 |
82,815 | In mathematical analysis, Bernstein's inequality states that on the complex plane, within the disk of radius 1, the degree of a polynomial times the maximum value of a polynomial is an upper bound for the similar maximum of its derivative. Taking the k-th derivative of the theorem, max | z | ≤ 1 ( | P ( k ) ( z ) | ) ≤... | Bernstein's theorem (polynomials) | 0.799347 |
82,816 | Cosmology Astrophysics General relativity Special relativity Gauge theory Mathematical physics Statistical physics Nuclear physics | Moshe Carmeli | 0.799347 |
82,817 | Eckart Marsch (born 1 February 1947 in Friedrichstadt) is a German theoretical physicist, who worked from 1980 to 2012 at the originally named Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy, from 2004 on named Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Katlenburg-Lindau on the physics of the solar wind, solar corona an... | Eckart Marsch | 0.799346 |
82,818 | For signal degradation and timing reasons, coaxial Ethernet segments have a restricted size. Somewhat larger networks can be built by using an Ethernet repeater. Early repeaters had only two ports, allowing, at most, a doubling of network size. Once repeaters with more than two ports became available, it was possible t... | Ethernet network | 0.799346 |
82,819 | In 2004, Conway and Simon B. Kochen, another Princeton mathematician, proved the free will theorem, a version of the "no hidden variables" principle of quantum mechanics. It states that given certain conditions, if an experimenter can freely decide what quantities to measure in a particular experiment, then elementary ... | John Horton Conway | 0.799346 |
82,820 | In the following we solve the second-order differential equation called the hypergeometric differential equation using Frobenius method, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. This is a method that uses the series solution for a differential equation, where we assume the solution takes the form of a series. This is usu... | Frobenius solution to the hypergeometric equation | 0.799346 |
82,821 | By retrieving data from revision control repositories (such as CVS, SVN, Git, Bazaar, and Mercurial), Black Duck Open Hub provides statistics about the longevity of projects, their licenses (including license conflict information) and software metrics such as source lines of code and commit statistics. The codebase his... | Open Hub | 0.799346 |
82,822 | In abstract algebra, in particular ring theory, the Akizuki–Hopkins–Levitzki theorem connects the descending chain condition and ascending chain condition in modules over semiprimary rings. A ring R (with 1) is called semiprimary if R/J(R) is semisimple and J(R) is a nilpotent ideal, where J(R) denotes the Jacobson rad... | Semiprimary ring | 0.799345 |
82,823 | Microformats can bridge this gap by attaching semantics, and thereby obviating other, more complicated, methods of automated processing, such as natural language processing or screen scraping. The use, adoption and processing of microformats enables data items to be indexed, searched for, saved or cross-referenced, so ... | Microformat | 0.799345 |
82,824 | States may not alter the curriculum to conform to the beliefs of particular religious sects. 1975 Daniel v. Waters rules that a state law requiring biology textbooks discussing "origins or creation of man and his world" to give equal treatment to creation as per Genesis is unconstitutional, creationists change to Creat... | Timeline of intelligent design | 0.799345 |
82,825 | “Hydrodynamic” refers to the motion of water against an object that causes a force to be exerted upon it. A hydrodynamic stimulus is therefore a detectable disturbance caused by objects moving in a fluid. The geometry of the disturbance depends on properties of the object (shape, size, velocity) and also on properties ... | Hydrodynamic reception | 0.799345 |
82,826 | A related result, Wagner's theorem, states that every 4-vertex-connected nonplanar graph contains a copy of K5 as a graph minor. One way of restating this result is that, in these graphs, it is always possible to perform a sequence of edge contraction operations so that the resulting graph contains a K5 subdivision. Th... | Kelmans–Seymour conjecture | 0.799345 |
82,827 | Use of all these techniques has enabled paleontologists to discover much of the evolutionary history of life, almost all the way back to when Earth became capable of supporting life, nearly 4 billion years ago. As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised sub-divisions, some of which focus on diff... | Paleontology | 0.799345 |
82,828 | It is also defined as a non-self-intersecting continuous loop in the plane. The Jordan curve theorem states that the set complement in a plane of a Jordan curve consists of two connected components (that is the curve divides the plane in two non-intersecting regions that are both connected). The definition of a curve i... | Curve (geometry) | 0.799345 |
82,829 | Pascal's theorem (also known as the "Hexagrammum Mysticum Theorem") states that if an arbitrary hexagon is inscribed in any conic section, and pairs of opposite sides are extended until they meet, the three intersection points will lie on a straight line, the "Pascal line" of that configuration. | Regular hexagon | 0.799345 |
82,830 | They stem from the belief that language development could result from an adaptation, an exaptation, or a by-product. Genetics also influence the study of the evolution of language. It has been speculated that the FOXP2 gene may be what gives humans the ability to develop grammar and syntax. | Evolutionary psychology of language | 0.799344 |
82,831 | Astbury's original appointment at the University of Leeds was to study textile physics, where he identified a change in keratin inside wool fibres from alpha to beta form on stretching. In 1939 Bell gave a talk about textiles during an Institute of Physics conference at the University of Leeds, which was covered in the... | Florence Bell (scientist) | 0.799344 |
82,832 | Zhang Mingjie (Chinese: 张明杰; born September 1966) is a Chinese structural biologist. He is Kerry Holdings Professor of Science and the Chair Professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Biochemistry at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). He was an overseas assessor of the Chinese Academy of Scienc... | Zhang Mingjie | 0.799344 |
82,833 | S. L. Woronowicz introduced compact matrix quantum groups. Compact matrix quantum groups are abstract structures on which the "continuous functions" on the structure are given by elements of a C*-algebra. The geometry of a compact matrix quantum group is a special case of a noncommutative geometry. The continuous compl... | Quantum groups | 0.799344 |
82,834 | Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatoric, or algorithmic approaches. There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the stu... | Algebraic graph theory | 0.799344 |
82,835 | As with many other acronyms in biology and medicine (for example, polymorphonuclear , bronchioloalveolar carcinoma , dolutegravir ), there is no law preventing the letters of the acronym from representing combining forms (trans- + epidermal) or other syllables irrespective of word boundaries. For certain regions of hum... | Transepidermal water loss | 0.799343 |
82,836 | S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) is the organosulfur compound with the formula ONSC(CH3)2CH(NHAc)CO2H. It is a green solid.SNAP is an S-nitrosothiol and is used as a model for the general class of S-nitrosothiols which have received much attention in biochemistry because nitric oxide and some organic nitroso deri... | S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine | 0.799343 |
82,837 | In the late 1970s, Kôdi Husimi and David A. Huffman independently observed that flat-folded figures with four creases have opposite angles adding to π, a special case of Kawasaki's theorem. Huffman included the result in a 1976 paper on curved creases, and Husimi published the four-crease theorem in a book on origami g... | Kawasaki's theorem | 0.799343 |
82,838 | Although statistics do not currently show a threat to software engineering itself; a related career, computer programming does appear to have been affected. Nevertheless, the ability to smartly leverage offshore and near-shore resources via the follow-the-sun workflow has improved the overall operational capability of ... | Software engineering economics | 0.799343 |
82,839 | In computer science, anonymous recursion is recursion which does not explicitly call a function by name. This can be done either explicitly, by using a higher-order function – passing in a function as an argument and calling it – or implicitly, via reflection features which allow one to access certain functions dependi... | Anonymous recursion | 0.799343 |
82,840 | Proc. 26, 63–69 (1989). "On aliases of differential equations" (with G. Astanta). | Rutherford Aris bibliography | 0.799342 |
82,841 | The methods of baraminology are not universally accepted among young-Earth creationists. Other creationists have criticized these methods as having the same problems as traditional cladistics, as well as for occasionally producing results that they feel contradict the Bible.Baraminology has been heavily criticized for ... | Created kind | 0.799342 |
82,842 | One of the most important facts about connectivity in graphs is Menger's theorem, which characterizes the connectivity and edge-connectivity of a graph in terms of the number of independent paths between vertices. If u and v are vertices of a graph G, then a collection of paths between u and v is called independent if ... | 4-connected graph | 0.799341 |
82,843 | The theorem was proven by Bing in 1951 and was an independent discovery with the Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem that was proved independently by both Nagata (1950) and Smirnov (1951). Both theorems are often merged in the Bing-Nagata-Smirnov metrization theorem. It is a common tool to prove other metrization theore... | Bing metrization theorem | 0.799341 |
82,844 | Likelihoodism as a distinct school dates to Edwards (1972), which gives a systematic treatment of statistics, based on likelihood. This built on significant earlier work; see Dempster (1972) for a contemporary review. While comparing ratios of probabilities dates to early statistics and probability, notably Bayesian in... | Likelihoodist statistics | 0.79934 |
82,845 | In 1947, Samuelson published Foundations of Economic Analysis, based on his doctoral dissertation, in which he used as epigraph a remark attributed to Gibbs: "Mathematics is a language." Samuelson later explained that in his understanding of prices his "debts were not primarily to Pareto or Slutsky, but to the great th... | Josiah Willard Gibbs | 0.79934 |
82,846 | OPTUM MP (2019-) Free 2D concrete slab design and analysis software. LimitState:GEO (2008-) General purpose geotechnical software limit analysis application. Uses discontinuity layout optimization. LimitState:SLAB (2015-) Limit analysis software application for slabs. Uses discontinuity layout optimization. | Limit analysis | 0.79934 |
82,847 | These MEMS sensors have either 1-, 2- or 3-axis detection of acceleration. The use of MEMS inertial sensors permits more accurate detection of steps and fewer false positives. The software technology used to interpret the output of the inertial sensor and "make sense of accurate steps" varies widely. The problem is com... | Step counter | 0.79934 |
82,848 | Around 1930, Alfred Tarski developed an abstract theory of logical deductions that models some properties of logical calculi. Mathematically, what he described is just a finitary closure operator on a set (the set of sentences). In abstract algebraic logic, finitary closure operators are still studied under the name co... | Finitary closure operator | 0.79934 |
82,849 | This particularly useful if one wants to understand flow from a complicated problem by studying the flow of a simpler problem in the same geometry. One can use the reciprocal theorem to relate the swimming velocity, U {\displaystyle \mathbf {U} } , of a swimmer subject to a force F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } to its s... | Scallop theorem | 0.79934 |
82,850 | Twisting properties in general terms are associated with the properties of samples that identify with statistics that are suitable for exchange. | Twisting properties | 0.799339 |
82,851 | In December 1969, Lore Zech at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm first reported intense fluorescence of the A T-rich distal half of the long arm of the Y chromosome in the nuclei of metaphase cells treated with quinacrine mustard. In April 1970, Peter Pearson and Martin Bobrow at the MRC Population Genetics Unit in... | XYY syndrome | 0.799339 |
82,852 | The wave function is the Ginzburg–Landau order parameter: Plugged into the expression of the current, one obtains: Inside the body of the superconductor, the current density J is zero, and therefore Integrating around the hole/loop using Stokes' theorem and ∇ × A = B {\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {A} =B} gives: ... | Flux quantum | 0.799339 |
82,853 | The dynamics of groups and clusters of galaxies are claimed to fit the theorem, see also. The possibility of two Hubble flows, a local one, determined by that formula, and a global one, described by Friedmannian cosmological equations was stated in. == References == | Gurzadyan theorem | 0.799339 |
82,854 | QUBO is a structurally simple, yet computationally hard optimization problem. It can be used to encode a wide range of optimization problems from various scientific areas. | Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization | 0.799338 |
82,855 | Guile 2.2.0 also lowered memory usage, sped up the "eval" interpreter, provided better support for multi-core programming, and removed any fixed limit on recursive function calls. It also supported the creation of user-space concurrency facilities that multiplex millions of concurrent lightweight "fibers" and provided ... | GNU Guile | 0.799338 |
82,856 | In 1898, he enrolled in the University of Graz, where he studied philosophy under the supervision of Alexius Meinong, as well as physics and mathematics, specializing in formal logic. He graduated in 1903 with a doctoral thesis entitled Untersuchungen zur Gegenstandstheorie des Messens (Investigations in the Object The... | Ernst Mally | 0.799338 |
82,857 | In the other direction, by Kuratowski's theorem, a graph that is not planar necessarily contains a subdivision of either K5 or of the complete bipartite graph K3,3. The Kelmans–Seymour conjecture refines this theorem by providing a condition under which only one of these two subdivisions, the subdivision of K5, can be ... | Kelmans–Seymour conjecture | 0.799338 |
82,858 | Suppose the radius of the sphere is R {\displaystyle R} and the length of the cylinder (or the tunnel) is h {\displaystyle h} . By the Pythagorean theorem, the radius of the cylinder is and the radius of the horizontal cross-section of the sphere at height y {\displaystyle y} above the "equator" is The cross-section of... | Napkin ring problem | 0.799338 |
82,859 | Visual Studio Team System Profiler is a commercial profiler offered by Microsoft, available as part of the Visual Studio Team System (VSTS) suite and the Development Edition of Visual Studio. It can work either in sampling mode, in which the snapshot of the program state is recorded at certain intervals, or in instrume... | VSTS Profiler | 0.799337 |
82,860 | The emergence of HIV in the 1980s renewed impetus for development of infection-safe blood substitutes. Public concern about the safety of the blood supply was raised further by mad cow disease. The continuous decline of blood donation combined with the increased demand for blood transfusion (increased ageing of populat... | Blood substitute | 0.799337 |
82,861 | E. coli and related bacteria constitute about 0.1% of gut flora, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for only a limited amount of time, which makes them ideal indicator organisms to test environmental ... | Pathogenic Escherichia coli | 0.799337 |
82,862 | The idea of a body so big that even light could not escape was briefly proposed by English astronomical pioneer and clergyman John Michell in a letter published in November 1784. Michell's simplistic calculations assumed such a body might have the same density as the Sun, and concluded that one would form when a star's... | Black hole spin parameter | 0.799336 |
82,863 | In a statement released after the test, Indian Ministry of External Affairs said that the test was conducted at low altitude to ensure that the resulting debris would "decay and fall back onto the Earth within weeks".According to Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, s... | Mission Shakti | 0.799336 |
82,864 | The version 5.6 as of 2008 is compatible with Excel 2003/XP and consists of a set of more than 300 functions for arithmetic, complex, trigonometric, logarithm, exponential calculus. The Foxes team members (around Leonardo Volpi) stopped their development efforts in 2008. Recently, an American astronomer had his brother... | XNUMBERS | 0.799336 |
82,865 | KNIME (), the Konstanz Information Miner, is a free and open-source data analytics, reporting and integration platform. KNIME integrates various components for machine learning and data mining through its modular data pipelining "Building Blocks of Analytics" concept. A graphical user interface and use of JDBC allows a... | KNIME | 0.799336 |
82,866 | For enumeration, Petrifilm plates can be used on any colony counter for enumeration just like a Petri dish. Various enumeration experiments have shown very little or no variance between counts obtained through Petrifilm and standard agar counts. In some cases, Petrifilms were more sensitive in detection than standard m... | Petrifilm | 0.799336 |
82,867 | Ivan Aničin was educated in Yugoslavia (Belgrade), United Kingdom (Bristol), France (Grenoble), and Germany (Munich). He completed elementary school and Gymnasium education in Belgrade. At University of Belgrade he attained a First Class degree in physics in 1967, completed his Magister of Sciences in Physics or PhD de... | Ivan Aničin | 0.799336 |
82,868 | Duhem argues that physics is subject to certain methodological limitations that do not affect other sciences. In his The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (1906), Duhem critiqued the Baconian notion of "crucial experiments". According to this critique, an experiment in physics is not simply an observation, but rathe... | Pierre Duhem | 0.799336 |
82,869 | Other programs were designed as inference engines that manipulated formal statements (or "declarations") about the world and translated these manipulations into actions. In his 1983 presidential address to Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Nils Nilsson discussed the issue, arguing that "the fi... | Neats and scruffies | 0.799335 |
82,870 | Studies show that these neurons may offer a contribution to learning and modulation of motor neuron networks. Spiking neurons and non-spiking neurons are usually integrated into the same neural network, but they possess specific characteristics. The major difference between these two neuron types is the manner in which... | Nonspiking neurons | 0.799335 |
82,871 | The following calculation of Leibniz's nontrivial Praeclarum Theorema exemplifies the demonstrative power of the primary algebra. Let C1 be A | ¯ | ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {{\overline {A|}}{\Big |}}}} =A, C2 be A A B | ¯ = A B | ¯ {\displaystyle A\ {\overline {A\ B|}}=A\ {\overline {B|}}} , C3 be | ¯ A = | ¯ {\disp... | Laws of Form | 0.799335 |
82,872 | Tunneling nanotubes have been implicated as one mechanism by which whole mitochondria can be transferred from cell to cell. Interestingly, a recent study in Nature Nanotechnology has reported that cancer cells can hijack the mitochondria from immune cells via physical tunneling nanotubes. Mitochondrial DNA damage appea... | Membrane nanotube | 0.799335 |
82,873 | The term oligolecty is used in pollination ecology to refer to bees that exhibit a narrow, specialized preference for pollen sources, typically to a single family or genus of flowering plants. The preference may occasionally extend broadly to multiple genera within a single plant family, or be as narrow as a single pla... | Oligolecty | 0.799335 |
82,874 | This technique is referred to as the k·p method for band structure calculations. Kane left General Electric in 1959 to join Hughes Aircraft in California and then moved to the Theoretical Physics Department in Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey in 1961. He continued his semiconductor research at Bell Labs, at... | Evan O'Neill Kane (physicist) | 0.799335 |
82,875 | Other examples of features are related to motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or boundaries between different image regions. More broadly a feature is any piece of information which is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. This is the same sense as ... | Feature (computer vision) | 0.799335 |
82,876 | The relation ϕ ( α ) = ω α {\displaystyle \phi (\alpha )=\omega \alpha } implies that the product of the conjugates of α {\displaystyle \alpha } (that is the images of α {\displaystyle \alpha } by the K-automorphisms) belongs to K, and is equal to the product of α n {\displaystyle \alpha ^{n}} by the product of the nth... | Simple radical extension | 0.799335 |
82,877 | Solarization refers to a phenomenon in physics where a material undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light or X-rays. Clear glass and many plastics will turn amber, green or other colors when subjected to X-radiation, and glass may tur... | Solarization (physics) | 0.799335 |
82,878 | Some believe that computing and internetworking concepts and skills underlie virtually every important aspect of LIS, indeed see LIS as a sub-field of computer science! Others claim that LIS is principally a social science accompanied by practical skills such as ethnography and interviewing. Historically, traditions of... | Library science | 0.799334 |
82,879 | The genome contains 21 chromosomes, that is the highest number reported among ascomycetes. Furthermore, these chromosomes have an extraordinary size range, varying from 0.39 to 6.09 Mb.A striking aspect of Zymoseptoria tritici genetics is the presence of many dispensable chromosomes. | Zymoseptoria tritici | 0.799334 |
82,880 | In two decades, he hired several faculty that would become leaders of chemical engineering and materials science; these diverse individuals were then combined into a coherent program bound by his philosophy for team teaching and collaborative research. Neal was famous for stating, "I never hired anybody if I thought I ... | Neal Amundson | 0.799333 |
82,881 | In research communities (for example, earth sciences, astronomy, business, and government), subsetting is the process of retrieving just the parts (a subset) of large files which are of interest for a specific purpose. This occurs usually in a client—server setting, where the extraction of the parts of interest occurs ... | Subsetting | 0.799333 |
82,882 | A few captive-reared monarchs did show proper navigation. This study revealed the fragility of monarch development; if the conditions are not suitable, their ability to properly migrate could be impaired. The same study also examined the genetics of a collection of reared monarchs purchased from a butterfly breeder, an... | Monarch butterflies | 0.799333 |
82,883 | "Develop and implement the appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical infrastructure services." Access Control (PR.AC): Access to assets and associated facilities is limited to authorized users, processes, or devices, and to authorized activities and transactions. Awareness and Training (PR.AT): The organiza... | NIST Cybersecurity Framework | 0.799333 |
82,884 | Secondly, iO can be used to construct nearly the entire gamut of cryptographic primitives, including both mundane ones such as public-key cryptography and more exotic ones such as deniable encryption and functional encryption (which are types of cryptography that no-one previously knew how to construct), but with the n... | Indistinguishability obfuscation | 0.799332 |
82,885 | Additional on-shell constraints, called secondary constraints by Dirac, arise from the consistency of the Poisson bracket algebra. These are H = 0 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}=0} and ∇ j π i j = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla _{j}\pi ^{ij}=0} . This is the theory which is being quantized in approaches to canonical quantum gr... | Canonical general relativity | 0.799332 |
82,886 | Science has become increasingly based on open collaboration between researchers across the world. It uses high-capacity computing to model complex systems and to process experimental results. In the early 21st century, grid computing became popular for scientific disciplines such as high-energy physics and bioinformati... | European Grid Infrastructure | 0.799332 |
82,887 | Derivatization is a technique used in chemistry which converts a chemical compound into a product (the reaction's derivate) of similar chemical structure, called a derivative. Generally, a specific functional group of the compound participates in the derivatization reaction and transforms the educt to a derivate of dev... | Derivatization | 0.799332 |
82,888 | It is convenient, when the residue field D/P is finite, to take for c the size of D/P. For example, when E is a number field, Ostrowski's theorem says that every non-trivial non-Archimedean absolute value on E arises as some |⋅|P. The remaining non-trivial absolute values on E arise from the different embeddings of E i... | Ring of p-adic integers | 0.799332 |
82,889 | Proponents of New Archaeology advocated using processual methods to test hypotheses about the interaction between culture and biology, or a biocultural approach. Some archaeologists advocate a more holistic approach to bioarchaeology that incorporates critical theory and is more relevant to modern descent populations.I... | Bioarchaeology | 0.799332 |
82,890 | Geometry is being used here in a precise manner akin to Klein's notion of geometry (see Geometrization conjecture for further details). In particular, the result of geometrization may be a geometry that is not isotropic. In most cases including the cases of constant curvature, the geometry is unique. An important theme... | Ricci flow | 0.799332 |
82,891 | Most paper types must have some water-resistance to maintain a specific writing quality and printability. Until 1980, the typical manner of adding this resistance was by using a rosin in combination with alum. When the paper industry started using chalk instead of china clay as filler, the paper chemistry had to switch... | Chemical pulping | 0.799332 |
82,892 | Antonio Lieto (born December 18, 1983) is an Italian cognitive scientist and computer scientist at the University of Turin and a Research Associate at the Institute of High Performance Computing of the Italian National Research Council focusing on cognitive architectures and computational models of cognition, commonsen... | Antonio Lieto | 0.799331 |
82,893 | In other scientific contexts, the term "calorie" and the symbol "cal" almost always refers to the small unit; the "large" unit being generally called "kilocalorie" with symbol "kcal". It is mostly used to express the amount of energy released in a chemical reaction or phase change, typically per mole of substance, as i... | Caloric intake | 0.799331 |
82,894 | He graduated from Southwestern College, and University of Wisconsin with a Ph.D. in 1932.He taught at University of Michigan from 1962 to 1980.Martha L. Ludwig was the J. Lawrence Oncley Distinguished University Professor of Biological Chemistry until she died in 2006. | John Lawrence Oncley | 0.799331 |
82,895 | The divergence of a vector field on Euclidean space is a function (or scalar field). In three-dimensions, the divergence is defined by with the obvious generalization to arbitrary dimensions. The divergence at a point represents the degree to which a small volume around the point is a source or a sink for the vector fl... | Complete vector field | 0.799331 |
82,896 | "There is no such thing as absolute judgement" The science of comparative judgement began with Louis Leon Thurstone of the University of Chicago. A pioneer of psychophysics, he proposed several ways to construct scales for measuring sensation and other psychological properties. One of these was the law of comparative j... | Adaptive comparative judgement | 0.799331 |
82,897 | Theorem If (G, G+) is a countable Riesz group with scale Γ(G), then there exists an AF algebra A such that (K0, K0+, Γ(A)) = (G, G+, Γ(G)). In particular, if Γ(G) = with maximal element uG, then A is unital with = . Consider first the special case where Γ(G) = with maximal element uG. Suppose ( G , G + ) = lim → (... | AF C*-algebra | 0.799331 |
82,898 | In computing, jump threading is a compiler optimization of one jump directly to a second jump. If the second condition is a subset or inverse of the first, it can be eliminated, or threaded through the first jump. This is easily done in a single pass through the program, following acyclic chained jumps until the compil... | Jump threading | 0.799331 |
82,899 | Astrophysics employs physical principles "to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space." Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, F.; Hoyle, F. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". | List of important publications in physics | 0.79933 |
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