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85,500 | S deg {\displaystyle S_{\text{deg}}} is neither left nor right Noetherian. S deg {\displaystyle S_{\text{deg}}} is a Koszul algebra. Degenerate Sklyanin algebras have infinite global dimension. | Sklyanin algebra | 0.798784 |
85,501 | In 1923 Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1909, S. P. L. Sørensen invented the pH concept and developed methods for measuring acidity. In 1911, Antonius Van den Broek proposed the idea that the elements on the periodic table are more properly organized by positive nuclear charge rather than atomic we... | History of chemistry | 0.798783 |
85,502 | Most developed countries usually have a specific national body overseeing national science (including technology and innovation) policy. Many developing countries follow the same fashion. Many governments of developed countries provide considerable funds (primarily to universities) for scientific research (in fields su... | Science policy | 0.798783 |
85,503 | Baxter, S. G.; Collins, R. L.; Cowley, A. H.; Sena, S. F. (1983-11-01). "Ferrocenyl-substituted phosphenium cations and phosphide anions". Inorganic Chemistry. | Phosphenium | 0.798783 |
85,504 | One method from Bromium involves micro-virtualization to protect desktops from malicious code execution initiated by the end user. Another approach from SentinelOne and Carbon Black focuses on behavioral detection by building a full context around every process execution path in real time, while Cylance leverages an ar... | Malware scanner | 0.798783 |
85,505 | Microsoft Bing published the architecture of their reverse image searching of system at the KDD'18 conference. The paper states that a variety of features from a query image submitted by a user are used to describe its content, including using deep neural network encoders, category recognition features, face recognitio... | Reverse image search | 0.798783 |
85,506 | As said in the introduction, the stretched exponential was introduced by the German physicist Rudolf Kohlrausch in 1854 to describe the discharge of a capacitor (Leyden jar) that used glass as dielectric medium. The next documented usage is by Friedrich Kohlrausch, son of Rudolf, to describe torsional relaxation. A. We... | Stretched exponential | 0.798783 |
85,507 | The controlled variable is thus an objective index of the purpose or intention of those particular behavioral actions by the organism—the goal which those actions consistently work to attain despite disturbances. With few exceptions, in the current state of neuroscience this internally maintained reference value is sel... | Perceptual control theory | 0.798782 |
85,508 | Panagiota Daskalopoulos (Columbia University) - Ancient solutions to geometric flows Jingyin Huang (The Ohio State University) - The Helly geometry of some fundamental groups of complex hyperplane arrangement complements Wenshuai Jiang (Zhejiang University) - Gromov–Hausdorff limit of manifolds and some applications Ch... | Geometry Festival | 0.798782 |
85,509 | This is because of the simple fact that, in Euclidean geometry, the angle between any two vectors remains invariant to coordinate transformations. Therefore, the determinant d e t ( Γ ) {\displaystyle det\left(\Gamma \right)} is 1 {\displaystyle 1} or − 1 {\displaystyle -1} depending on whether its columns are right-ha... | Triad Method | 0.798782 |
85,510 | The line shapes and parameters p 0 {\displaystyle p_{0}} and w {\displaystyle w} of the individual component curves have been obtained experimentally. In this case the curve may be decomposed using a linear least squares process simply to determine the concentrations of the components. This process is used in analytica... | Spectroscopic line shape | 0.798781 |
85,511 | This persistent hyperglycemic environment leads to DNA methylation as well because the chemistry within chromatin in the nucleus is affected.Current medicine used by T2DM sufferers includes Metformin hydrochloride which stimulates production in the pancreas and promotes insulin sensitivity. A number of preclinical stud... | Epigenetic Therapy | 0.798781 |
85,512 | The astrocytes are able to activate the stem cells to transform into working neurons by dampening the release of ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A3.In a study published in a 2011 issue of Nature Biotechnology a group of researchers from the University of Wisconsin reports that it has been able to direct embryonic and induced huma... | Astrocyte | 0.79878 |
85,513 | "The Sources of Al-Khowārizmī's Algebra". Osiris. 1: 263–277. | Algebra | 0.79878 |
85,514 | The formal study of calculus brought together Cavalieri's infinitesimals with the calculus of finite differences developed in Europe at around the same time. Pierre de Fermat, claiming that he borrowed from Diophantus, introduced the concept of adequality, which represented equality up to an infinitesimal error term. T... | Differential and integral calculus | 0.798779 |
85,515 | j An elementary embedding J Levels of the Jensen hierarchy Jensen 1. Ronald Jensen 2. The Jensen hierarchy is a variation of the constructible hierarchy 3. Jensen's covering theorem states that if 0# does not exist then every uncountable set of ordinals is contained in a constructible set of the same cardinality Jónsso... | Glossary of set theory | 0.798779 |
85,516 | Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist, with a Ph.D. in political science, whose work also influenced the fields of computer science, economics, and cognitive psychology. His primary research interest was decision-making within organizations and he is best known f... | Herbert A. Simon | 0.798779 |
85,517 | Each year, the Hope Scholarship was awarded to the four students at the University of Edinburgh who achieved the highest marks (at first sitting) in the first-term examinations in Chemistry. The Hope Scholars were entitled to free use of the laboratory facilities during the following term. In 1870, Edith Pechey, one of... | Alexander Crum Brown | 0.798779 |
85,518 | Dr. Sterling is best known as the “father of Beowulf” clusters. Among his other early accomplishments, Dr. Sterling was Principal investigator for the multi-agency multi-institution Hybrid Technology Multi-Threaded Project (HTMT) for advanced research on Petaflops computing systems. Professor Sterling currently leads a... | Thomas Sterling (computing) | 0.798779 |
85,519 | The McEliece Encryption System has a security reduction to the Syndrome Decoding Problem (SDP). The SDP is known to be NP-hard The Post Quantum Cryptography Study Group sponsored by the European Commission has recommended the use of this cryptography for long term protection against attack by a quantum computer. | Quantum-resistant cryptography | 0.798779 |
85,520 | The foundation is engaged in basic and clinical research in Ayurveda, the clinical trial conducted at The Ayurvedic Trust in collaboration with UCLA Medical School on rheumatoid arthritis to see which works better for rheumatoid arthritis, Ayurveda or the Western drug methotrexate was pronounced as a blue print on how ... | AVP Research Foundation | 0.798778 |
85,521 | Statistical parsing is a group of parsing methods within natural language processing. The methods have in common that they associate grammar rules with a probability. Grammar rules are traditionally viewed in computational linguistics as defining the valid sentences in a language. Within this mindset, the idea of assoc... | Statistical parsing | 0.798778 |
85,522 | Every well-ordered set can be made into a topological space by endowing it with the order topology. With respect to this topology there can be two kinds of elements: isolated points — these are the minimum and the elements with a predecessor. limit points — this type does not occur in finite sets, and may or may not oc... | Well-order | 0.798778 |
85,523 | geometric point The prime spectrum of an algebraically closed field. geometric property A property of a scheme X over a field k is "geometric" if it holds for X E = X × Spec k Spec E {\displaystyle X_{E}=X\times _{\operatorname {Spec} k}{\operatorname {Spec} E}} for any field extension E / k {\displaystyle E/k} . g... | Representable morphism of stacks | 0.798777 |
85,524 | AutoTURN was originally developed for Transoft Solutions Inc. in 1991. AutoTURN was designed as the practical application of a University of Calgary civil engineering graduate studies thesis by Milton Carrasco. The first version of AutoTURN was released for use on Autodesk’s AutoCAD Release 9. In the 25 years since the... | AutoTURN | 0.798777 |
85,525 | In organic chemistry, umpolung (German: ) or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible. The concept was introduced by D. Seebach ... | Umpolung | 0.798777 |
85,526 | During his post-doctorate he developed a physical model incorporating feedback from the moist surface. After two years in Boston, in 1982, he was invited by the Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences at Tel-Aviv University (now the Department of Earth Sciences) to become a faculty member. In the year 2004 he w... | Pinhas Alpert | 0.798777 |
85,527 | The theory is often contrasted with punctuated equilibrium. phylogenetics The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms, e.g. species or populations within a species. phylogenetic bracketing A method used to infer the likelihood of specific traits being present in orga... | Glossary of evolutionary biology | 0.798776 |
85,528 | It also reports the genetic basis for the disease, consistent with the simultaneous genealogical study by James V. Neel: those with sickle-cell anemia are homozygous for the disease gene, while heterozygous individuals exhibit the usually asymptomatic condition of sickle cell trait.The paper introduced the concept of a... | Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease | 0.798776 |
85,529 | Hence it was necessary to consider the wider set of algebraic numbers (all solutions to polynomial equations). Galois (1832) linked polynomial equations to group theory giving rise to the field of Galois theory. Continued fractions, closely related to irrational numbers (and due to Cataldi, 1613), received attention at... | Number system | 0.798776 |
85,530 | Holland defines the "Conventional Type" as a person who has "a preference for actives that entail the explicit, ordered, systematic manipulation of data (keeping records, filing materials, reproducing materials, organizing business machines and data processing equipment to attain organizational or economic goals)...the... | Holland Codes | 0.798776 |
85,531 | In 1922 he received his degree as a civil engineer. Already in 1917 he contacted the well-known Spanish mathematician Julio Rey Pastor. Instead of working as a civil engineer, Babini taught mathematics at the Faculty for Industrial Chemistry of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral in Rosario. | José Babini | 0.798776 |
85,532 | Although it is overshadowed in eruptive height and power by Great Fountain Geyser, White Dome Geyser is a significant feature that was used as an emblem by the old Yellowstone Library and Museum Association, now the Yellowstone Association. The thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, important because it produces an ... | White Dome Geyser | 0.798776 |
85,533 | In electrical engineering, isolated-phase bus (IPB), also known as phase-isolated bus (PIB) in some countries, is a method of construction for circuits carrying very large currents, typically between a generator and its step-up transformer in a steam or large hydroelectric power plant. Each phase current is carried on ... | Isolated-phase bus | 0.798775 |
85,534 | We tell it to solve a mathematical problem, and it complies by turning all the matter in the solar system into a giant calculating device, in the process killing the person who asked the question. According to Eliezer Yudkowsky, a significant problem in AI safety is that unfriendly artificial intelligence is likely to ... | Seed AI | 0.798775 |
85,535 | As an interdisciplinary field, information geometry has been used in various applications. Here an incomplete list: Statistical inference Time series and linear systems Filtering problem Quantum systems Neural networks Machine learning Statistical mechanics Biology Statistics Mathematical finance | Canonical divergence | 0.798775 |
85,536 | In this respect, situated AI may be seen as a software engineering approach to AI, perhaps akin to object oriented design. Situated AI is often associated with reactive planning, but the two are not synonymous. Brooks advocated an extreme version of cognitive minimalism which required initially that the behavior module... | Situated approach (artificial intelligence) | 0.798775 |
85,537 | This makes algorithmic most operations of calculus, when restricted to holonomic functions, represented by their differential equation and initial conditions. This includes the computation of antiderivatives and definite integrals (this amounts to evaluating the antiderivative at the endpoints of the interval of integr... | Symbolic integration | 0.798775 |
85,538 | Physicists Graeme Mitchison and Richard Jozsa introduced the notion of counterfactual computing as an application of quantum computing, founded on the concepts of counterfactual definiteness, on a re-interpretation of the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester thought experiment, and making theoretical use of the phenomenon of in... | Counterfactual Quantum Computation | 0.798774 |
85,539 | The “official description of group work as cooperative” is at odds with the status achieved amongst peers and group leaders trying to make a name for themselves selling ideas, illustrating the “disguised message that only competition and transgression will prevail.” Since the majority of postdocs in high energy physics... | Beamtimes and Lifetimes | 0.798774 |
85,540 | The medal was awarded by Mayor Rudy Giuliani in a ceremony in Gracie Mansion.Traub and his colleagues have also worked on continuous quantum computing. Moore's law is an empirical observation that the number of features on a chip doubles roughly every 18 months. | Joseph F. Traub | 0.798774 |
85,541 | Anomers are diastereoisomers of glycosides, hemiacetals or related cyclic forms of sugars, or related molecules differing in configuration only at C-1. When the stereochemistry of the first carbon matches the stereochemistry of the last stereogenic center the sugar is the α-anomer when they are opposite the sugar is th... | Carbohydrate Conformation | 0.798774 |
85,542 | Suppose that the Fermat equation with exponent p ≥ 5 had a solution in non-zero integers a, b, c. The corresponding Frey curve Eap,bp,cp is an elliptic curve whose minimal discriminant Δ is equal to 2−8 (abc)2p and whose conductor N is the radical of abc, i.e. the product of all distinct primes dividing abc. An element... | Epsilon conjecture | 0.798774 |
85,543 | The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is responsible for the scientific operation of the telescope and the delivery of data products to astronomers. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) and is physically located in Baltimore, Maryland on the Homewood campus of Jo... | Hubblecast | 0.798774 |
85,544 | Classical physics and the Bohr model of the atom can qualitatively explain photoionization and collision-mediated ionization. In these cases, during the ionization process, the energy of the electron exceeds the energy difference of the potential barrier it is trying to pass. The semi-classical description, however, ca... | Adiabatic ionization | 0.798774 |
85,545 | Secondary antibodies can be conjugated to enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP); or fluorescent dyes such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine derivatives, Alexa Fluor dyes; or other molecules to be used in various applications. Secondary antibodies are used in many bioche... | Primary and secondary antibodies | 0.798773 |
85,546 | Bayesian statistics is often used for inferring latent variables. Latent Dirichlet allocation The Chinese restaurant process is often used to provide a prior distribution over assignments of objects to latent categories. The Indian buffet process is often used to provide a prior distribution over assignments of latent ... | Observable variable | 0.798773 |
85,547 | ACS Combinatorial Science publishes articles, reviews, perspectives, accounts and reports in the field of Combinatorial Chemistry. Anthony Czarnik served as the founding editor from 1999 to 2010. M.G. Finn served as Editor from 2010 to 2020. In 2010, ACS agreed to change the name of the journal to "Combinatorial Scienc... | ACS Combinatorial Science | 0.798773 |
85,548 | DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent and is less toxic than other members of this class, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). DMSO is frequently used as a solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, most notably Finkelstein reactions and other nucleoph... | Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 0.798773 |
85,549 | In view of the applications to the classification of manifolds there are extensive calculations of the quadratic L {\displaystyle L} -groups L ∗ ( Z ) {\displaystyle L_{*}(\mathbf {Z} )} . For finite π {\displaystyle \pi } algebraic methods are used, and mostly geometric methods (e.g. controlled topology) are used for... | L-theory | 0.798773 |
85,550 | To classify semiconductors and semimetals, the energies of their filled and empty bands must be plotted against the crystal momentum of conduction electrons. According to the Bloch theorem the conduction of electrons depends on the periodicity of the crystal lattice in different directions. In a semimetal, the bottom o... | Semimetal | 0.798773 |
85,551 | Many philosophers followed, but they relied on pure thought and intuition, as the scientific method had not been designed yet. Still, they rejected supernatural explanations, all ideas were open to be challenged, debated and eventually discarded for better ones, and no idea shall stand if it contradicted observable fac... | Ancient Greek astronomy | 0.798772 |
85,552 | The resulting value was not zero, and had a sign opposite to that of the proton. Based on curious artifacts of these more accurate measurements, Rabi suggested that the deuteron had an electric quadrupole moment. This discovery meant that the physical shape of the deuteron was not symmetric, which provided valuable ins... | Isidor Isaac Rabi | 0.798772 |
85,553 | Basic qualification: B.Sc. with 65% marks and Chemistry as one of the subjects. Admission of candidate with less than 50% marks will not be considered.Admission in PhD is through DET conducted by Department. Relaxation to those candidates who have qualified NET or GATE examination followed by personal interview. | School of Chemical Science (Indore, India) | 0.798772 |
85,554 | The probability for the class of paths can be found by multiplying the probabilities of starting in one region and then being at the next. The Wiener measure can be developed by considering the limit of many small regions. Itō and Stratonovich calculus | Functional integral | 0.798771 |
85,555 | In optimization theory, the convergence of approximating subdifferentials to a subdifferential is important in understanding necessary or sufficient conditions for any minimizing point. There exist set-valued extensions of the following concepts from point-valued analysis: continuity, differentiation, integration, impl... | Set-valued analysis | 0.798771 |
85,556 | "Decentralized Control with Overlapping Information Sets," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications (1981). "An Inclusion Principle for Hereditary Systems," Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (1984). "Nested Epsilon Decompositions of Linear Systems: Weakly Coupled and Overlapping Blocks," SIAM Jou... | Dragoslav D. Šiljak | 0.798771 |
85,557 | The LRS Library (developed by Andrews Sobral) provides a collection of low-rank and sparse decomposition algorithms in MATLAB. The library was designed for moving object detection in videos, but it can be also used for other computer vision / machine learning tasks. Currently the LRSLibrary offers more than 100 algorit... | Robust principal component analysis | 0.798771 |
85,558 | 2016: Ethical and Moral Considerations in Non-Human Agents, Stanford Spring Symposium, AAAI Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA). 2017: Future Investment Summit in Riyadh; a robot (called Sophia and referred to with female pronouns) is granted Saudi Arabi... | Robot ethics | 0.798771 |
85,559 | The subroutine concept led to the availability of a substantial subroutine library. By 1951, 87 subroutines in the following categories were available for general use: floating-point arithmetic; arithmetic operations on complex numbers; checking; division; exponentiation; routines relating to functions; differential eq... | Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator | 0.79877 |
85,560 | The k {\displaystyle k} -outerplanar graphs have treewidth at most 3 k − 1 {\displaystyle 3k-1} . However, some bounded-treewidth planar graphs such as the nested triangles graph may be k {\displaystyle k} -outerplanar only for very large k {\displaystyle k} , linear in the number of vertices. Baker's technique covers ... | K-outerplanar graph | 0.79877 |
85,561 | Genetics & IVF Institute has been responsible for numerous key innovations to help couples have healthy babies and to improve the reproductive health of women. These include: First U.S. medical center to introduce non-surgical ultrasound guided egg retrieval (transvaginal oocyte retrieval) for IVF; achieved America's f... | Genetics and IVF Institute | 0.79877 |
85,562 | Both the Gateway and the DST would be fitted with the International Docking System Standard. The DST spacecraft would comprise two elements: an Orion capsule and a habitation module that would be propelled by both electric propulsion and chemical propulsion, and carry a crew of four in a medium-sized habitat. The fully... | Deep Space Transport | 0.79877 |
85,563 | Attempts to create a unified field theory based on classical physics are classical unified field theories. During the years between the two World Wars, the idea of unification of gravity with electromagnetism was actively pursued by several mathematicians and physicists like Albert Einstein, Theodor Kaluza, Hermann Wey... | Classical field theories | 0.79877 |
85,564 | programs. DepartmentsAdvanced Mathematics Computer Science Automation of Technological Processes Automated Control Systems Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Electrification of Oil and Gas Industry Information and Measuring Systems Applied Mathematics and Computer SimulationProfessor Khrabrov is engaged in scientif... | Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas | 0.79877 |
85,565 | The joint probability distribution of random variables X and Y is denoted as P ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle P(X,Y)} , while joint probability mass function or probability density function as f ( x , y ) {\displaystyle f(x,y)} and joint cumulative distribution function as F ( x , y ) {\displaystyle F(x,y)} . P ( A ∪ B ) {\d... | Notation in probability and statistics | 0.79877 |
85,566 | Species inherit traits, which are then passed on to descendants. Evolutionary biologists use systematic methods and test phylogenetic theory to observe and explain changes in and among species over time. These methods include the collection, measurement, observation, and mapping of traits onto evolutionary trees. Phylo... | Evolution as fact and theory | 0.79877 |
85,567 | For example, if f {\displaystyle f} is the identity map (i.e., the map which fixes every point of the torus) then the resulting torus bundle M ( f ) {\displaystyle M(f)} is the three-torus: the Cartesian product of three circles. Seeing the possible kinds of torus bundles in more detail requires an understanding of Wil... | Torus bundle | 0.79877 |
85,568 | Similarly, cloning would violate the no-teleportation theorem, which says that it is impossible to convert a quantum state into a sequence of classical bits (even an infinite sequence of bits), copy those bits to some new location, and recreate a copy of the original quantum state in the new location. This should not b... | No-cloning theorem | 0.79877 |
85,569 | The 2023 winner of the "creative open" category in the Sony World Photography Awards, Boris Eldagsen, revealed after winning that his entry was actually generated by artificial intelligence. Photographer Feroz Khan commented to the BBC that Eldagsen had "clearly shown that even experienced photographers and art experts... | Artificial intelligence art | 0.798769 |
85,570 | The 2023 winner of the "creative open" category in the Sony World Photography Awards, Boris Eldagsen, revealed after winning that his entry was actually generated by artificial intelligence. Photographer Feroz Khan commented to the BBC that Eldagsen had "clearly shown that even experienced photographers and art experts... | AI art | 0.798769 |
85,571 | MOA-2009-BLG-387 was a gravitational microlensing event detected by the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics collaboration on July 24, 2009, which searches and documents chance and brief alignments of stars with other stars or objects; such alignments cause a gravitational lens effect, which bends light and causes... | MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb | 0.798769 |
85,572 | In applying the Kutta-Joukowski theorem, the loop must be chosen outside this boundary layer. (For example, the circulation calculated using the loop corresponding to the surface of the airfoil would be zero for a viscous fluid.) The sharp trailing edge requirement corresponds physically to a flow in which the fluid mo... | Kutta–Joukowski theorem | 0.798768 |
85,573 | Jeeney AI is a natural language processing chatterbot. | Jeeney AI | 0.798768 |
85,574 | Digital waveguide models therefore comprise digital delay lines to represent the geometry of the waveguide which are closed by recursion, digital filters to represent the frequency-dependent losses and mild dispersion in the medium, and often non-linear elements. Losses incurred throughout the medium are generally cons... | Digital waveguide synthesis | 0.798768 |
85,575 | Due to the lack of lab equipment forming of the fourth department (telecommunications) was postponed until the end of the Second World War. In 1946 the Department of Electrical Engineering was formed. That department grew into the School of Electrical Engineering two years later, with its Power Systems Engineering and ... | University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering | 0.798768 |
85,576 | A more advanced example might use edge detection to return both numerical information and a processed image representing outlines to a computer vision program controlling, say, a mobile robot. Because the GPU has fast and local hardware access to every pixel or other picture element in an image, it can analyze and aver... | GPU computing | 0.798767 |
85,577 | In a September 2016 ACOG/SMFM consensus, published concurrently in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology and by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), they noted that while they did not yet have a "single, comprehensive definition of severe maternal morbidity" (SMM), the rate of SMM is increasing... | Maternal health | 0.798767 |
85,578 | Lean 4 is not backwards-compatible with Lean 3.Lean has gotten attention from mathematicians Thomas Hales and Kevin Buzzard. Hales is using it for his project, Formal Abstracts. Buzzard uses it for the Xena project. One of the Xena Project's goals is to rewrite every theorem and proof in the undergraduate math curricul... | Lean theorem prover | 0.798767 |
85,579 | The numerical renormalization group (NRG) is a technique devised by Kenneth Wilson to solve certain many-body problems where quantum impurity physics plays a key role. | Numerical renormalization group | 0.798767 |
85,580 | The composition of two automorphisms is again an automorphism, and the set of all automorphisms of V {\textstyle V} forms a group, the automorphism group of V {\textstyle V} which is denoted by Aut ( V ) {\textstyle \operatorname {Aut} (V)} or GL ( V ) {\textstyle \operatorname {GL} (V)} . Since the automorphisms a... | Linear operator | 0.798766 |
85,581 | In the context of algebraic geometry, the statement applies for smooth and proper varieties over an algebraically closed field. This variant of the Atiyah–Bott fixed point formula was proved by Kondyrev & Prikhodko (2018) by expressing both sides of the formula as appropriately chosen categorical traces. | Atiyah–Bott fixed point formula | 0.798766 |
85,582 | In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated. It is also known in other names such as memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, and muscle wire. The "memorized geometry" can be modified by fixating the d... | Memory metal | 0.798766 |
85,583 | A mixed-level orthogonal array is one in which each column may have a different number of symbols. An example is given below. Orthogonal arrays generalize, in a tabular form, the idea of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. These arrays have many connections to other combinatorial designs and have applications in the sta... | Orthogonal array | 0.798765 |
85,584 | Also then q ( x ) = x n {\displaystyle q(x)=x_{n}} with q ( t ) = t − p ( t ) {\displaystyle q(t)=t-p(t)} . The condition p ( t ) ≡ 0 mod t {\displaystyle p(t)\equiv 0{\bmod {t}}} ensures that p ( t ) {\displaystyle p(t)} and q ( t ) {\displaystyle q(t)} have no constant terms. This completes the proof of the algebraic... | Jordan-Chevalley decomposition | 0.798765 |
85,585 | The pheromones in insects are often the secondary products of fatty acids, such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, esters and aldehydes, but also isoprenoids and other compounds. Pheromones are often not pure substances, but so-called pheromone cocktails consisting of various components. Often, ... | Insect pheromones | 0.798765 |
85,586 | Martin Charles Golumbic (born 1948) is a mathematician and computer scientist known for his research on perfect graphs, graph sandwich problems, compiler optimization, and spatial-temporal reasoning. He is a professor emeritus of computer science at the University of Haifa, and was the founder of the journal Annals of ... | Martin Charles Golumbic | 0.798765 |
85,587 | The Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI) is a University of Kentucky-based research center established by the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy in 2012 to facilitate academic translational research and drug discovery/drug development. The UK CPRI specializes in natural product-based drug di... | Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation | 0.798765 |
85,588 | The invariant P vanishes identically if (and only if) the curve is a conic section. Points where P vanishes are called the sextactic points of the curve. It is a theorem of Herglotz and Radon that every closed strictly convex curve has at least six sextactic points. This result has been extended to a variety of optimal... | Sextactic point | 0.798765 |
85,589 | Fluorophores have particular importance in the field of biochemistry and protein studies, e.g., in immunofluorescence but also in cell analysis, e.g. immunohistochemistry and small molecule sensors. | Fluorescent dye | 0.798764 |
85,590 | However, thinner fibrils can also be detected. Wågberg et al. reported fibril widths of 5–15 nm for a nanocellulose with a charge density of about 0.5 meq./g. The group of Isogai reported fibril widths of 3–5 nm for TEMPO-oxidized cellulose having a charge density of 1.5 meq./g.Pulp chemistry has a significant influenc... | Nanocrystalline cellulose | 0.798764 |
85,591 | The smallest such K is called the distance constant for A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} . A hyper-reflexive operator algebra is automatically reflexive. In the case of a reflexive algebra of matrices with nonzero entries specified by a given pattern, the problem of finding the distance constant can be rephrased as a m... | Reflexive operator algebra | 0.798764 |
85,592 | Harvey Friedman (1981) has shown that existence of Mahlo cardinals is a necessary assumption in a sense to prove certain theorems about Borel functions on products of the closed unit interval. Let Q {\displaystyle Q} be ω {\displaystyle ^{\omega }} , the ω {\displaystyle \omega } -fold iterated Cartesian product of th... | Hyper-Mahlo cardinal | 0.798764 |
85,593 | Nanotechnology has promise to help fight global warming. Nanoscale research can promise more efficient, less wasteful technologies. Also, nanoscale allows to control, transform and store energy more efficiently. | California NanoSystems Institute | 0.798764 |
85,594 | In geometry, a spherical segment is the solid defined by cutting a sphere or a ball with a pair of parallel planes. It can be thought of as a spherical cap with the top truncated, and so it corresponds to a spherical frustum. The surface of the spherical segment (excluding the bases) is called spherical zone. If the ra... | Spherical segment | 0.798764 |
85,595 | For commutative rings the left and right definitions coincide, but in general they are distinct from each other. The Wedderburn–Artin theorem characterizes every simple Artinian ring as a ring of matrices over a division ring. | Artinian ring | 0.798764 |
85,596 | Independence is a fundamental notion in probability theory, as in statistics and the theory of stochastic processes. Two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent if, informally speaking, the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other or, equivale... | Probabilistic independence | 0.798763 |
85,597 | He found a way to calculate integrals with complex limits, foreshadowing the development of modern complex analysis. He invented the calculus of variations and formulated the Euler–Lagrange equation for reducing optimization problems in this area to the solution of differential equations. Euler pioneered the use of ana... | Leonhard Euler | 0.798763 |
85,598 | (This can be seen by letting Kn be the complete binary tree of depth n.) These ends can be thought of as the "leaves" of the infinite tree. In the end compactification, the set of ends has the topology of a Cantor set. | End (topology) | 0.798763 |
85,599 | Shapiro first laid out his ideas of natural genetic engineering in 1992 and has continued to develop them in both the primary scientific literature and in work directed to wider audiences, culminating in the 2011 publication of Evolution: A View from the 21st Century (second edition in 2022.). Natural genetic engineeri... | Natural genetic engineering | 0.798763 |
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