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86,500 | In computer science, control-flow analysis (CFA) is a static-code-analysis technique for determining the control flow of a program. The control flow is expressed as a control-flow graph (CFG). For both functional programming languages and object-oriented programming languages, the term CFA, and elaborations such as k-C... | Control flow analysis | 0.798569 |
86,501 | This is followed by a rapid reaction with the nucleophile.In the SN2 mechanisms, the nucleophile forms a transition state with the attacked molecule, and only then the leaving group is cleaved. These two mechanisms differ in the stereochemistry of the products. SN1 leads to the non-stereospecific addition and does not ... | Reaction conditions | 0.798569 |
86,502 | In geometry, Steffen's polyhedron is a flexible polyhedron discovered (in 1978) by and named after Klaus Steffen. It is based on the Bricard octahedron, but unlike the Bricard octahedron its surface does not cross itself. With nine vertices, 21 edges, and 14 triangular faces, it is the simplest possible non-crossing fl... | Steffen's polyhedron | 0.798568 |
86,503 | It is assumed that the aquifers below are homogeneous in the different models so that the hydraulic conductivity of each aquifer is uniform. The above figures simulate possible coastal aquifers. In reality, it is complex. Due to complex geology - non-uniform rock layers and weathering, both confined and unconfined aqui... | Coastal hydrogeology | 0.798568 |
86,504 | Various results have been established towards the full conjecture by Ben Moonen, Yves André, Andrei Yafaev, Bas Edixhoven, Laurent Clozel, Bruno Klingler and Emmanuel Ullmo, among others. Some of these results were conditional upon the generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH) being true. In fact, the proof of the full conj... | André–Oort conjecture | 0.798568 |
86,505 | The 0-coskeleton is given by the Cech nerve ⋯ → K 0 × K 0 → K 0 . {\displaystyle \dots \rightarrow K_{0}\times K_{0}\rightarrow K_{0}.} (The boundary and degeneracy morphisms are given by various projections and diagonal embeddings, respectively.) The above constructions work for more general categories (instead of set... | N-skeleton | 0.798568 |
86,506 | FIDES . The FIDES methodology (UTE-C 80-811) is based on the physics of failures and supported by the analysis of test data, field returns and existing modelling. UTE-C 80–810 or RDF2000 . The RDF2000 methodology is based on the French telecom experience. | Reliability theory | 0.798568 |
86,507 | The need to support AI and machine learning was envisioned from the start by including IBM Watson Studio into the product, and integrating Jupyter notebooks for collaborative app and model development. Typically combined with streaming tools, it provides persistent data by writing the data out to object storage in an o... | Db2 for i | 0.798568 |
86,508 | In order to raise awareness about the research being conducted under the auspices of ASTEP, scientists have been increasingly using blogs as a way to convey information about their studies, typically when they are performing science at a remote location on a terrestrial field test. Scientists have also begun contacting... | Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets | 0.798568 |
86,509 | The first telescope was built in 2004 and operated for five years in standalone mode. A second MAGIC telescope (MAGIC-II), at a distance of 85 m from the first one, started taking data in July 2009. Together they integrate the MAGIC telescope stereoscopic system.MAGIC is sensitive to cosmic gamma rays with photon energ... | MAGIC (telescope) | 0.798568 |
86,510 | Many leaders of Modern Orthodox Judaism expressed similar views about intelligent design. For example, Rabbi Dr. Tzvi Hersh Weinreb, the executive Vice President of the Orthodox Union told the daily Haaretz, "Intelligent Design calls to our attention the amazing complexity of the universe. That is descriptive science a... | Jewish reactions to intelligent design | 0.798568 |
86,511 | For instance, clicking on the number of snippets will bring up a window that shows all the snippets collected by the collaborators from the displayed page. Project-specific statistics. The last portion of the toolbar displays task/project name and various statistics, including number of pages visited and saved, about t... | Collaborative information seeking | 0.798568 |
86,512 | (1992). "The heterochromatin-associated protein HP-1 is an essential protein in Drosophila with dosage-dependent effects on position-effect variegation". Genetics. | Position-effect variegation | 0.798568 |
86,513 | transition system In theoretical computer science, a transition system is a concept used in the study of computation. It is used to describe the potential behavior of discrete systems. It consists of states and transitions between states, which may be labeled with labels chosen from a set; the same label may appear on ... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.798567 |
86,514 | Phragmites also alters wetland biogeochemistry and affects both floral and faunal species assemblages, including potentially reducing nitrogen and phosphorus availability for other plants.Phragmites can drive out competing vegetation in two main ways. Their sheer height and density can deprive other plants of sunlight ... | Phragmites | 0.798567 |
86,515 | "On the Theory of Oligopoly", 1958, Economica. "Topology of Second Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients", 1958, Econometrica. "The Cardinal Utility which is Ordinal", 1958, EJ. | William Baumol | 0.798567 |
86,516 | In 1958, the Great Refractor was decommissioned, but retained as a monument of technology. From 1959 onwards, the observatory was increasingly used for school education in physics and astronomy. To support this, in the 1960s, two further domes were erected in the grounds. | Archenhold Observatory | 0.798567 |
86,517 | Operation-based features are not sketch-based, and include features such as fillets, chamfers, shells, applying draft to the faces of a part, etc. Building a model in SolidWorks usually starts with a 2D sketch (although 3D sketches are available for power users). The sketch consists of geometry such as points, lines, a... | SolidWorks | 0.798567 |
86,518 | He is a former student of the Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School (PRESEC) Legon, Greater Accra Region, where he became the President of the Student Representative Council in his final year. He later won a scholarship to study Astrophysics at Durham University in UK. | Bright Simons | 0.798566 |
86,519 | Dupré advocates a pluralistic model of science as opposed to the common notion of reductionism. Physical reductionism suggests that all science may be reduced to physical explanations due to causal or mereological links that obtain between the objects studied in the higher sciences and the objects studied by physics. F... | John Dupré | 0.798566 |
86,520 | The study of phage ecology reflects established scientific disciplines in ecological studies in scope, the most obvious being general ecology. Accordingly, phage ecology is treated under the following heads— "organismal" ecology, population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology. Phage ecology also may be co... | Phage ecology | 0.798566 |
86,521 | To this very day, research is conducted to account for the physics behind gyroscopic effects, directly pointing to Laithwaite's work as motivation. Although Laithwaite is best known for his ideas concerning gyroscopes, he also held an idea concerning moths. He proposed that they communicate via ultra short wave electro... | Eric Laithwaite | 0.798566 |
86,522 | 1991 – Richard R. Ernst develops two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-FT NMRS) for small molecules in solution and is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy." 1995 –... | Timeline of quantum mechanics | 0.798566 |
86,523 | Sometimes, coefficients a i ( x ) {\displaystyle a_{i}(x)} that are polynomial over a ring R are considered, and one then talks about "functions algebraic over R". A function which is not algebraic is called a transcendental function, as it is for example the case of exp x , tan x , ln x , Γ ( x ) {\displaystyle ... | Algebraic function | 0.798566 |
86,524 | In the early days of the calculus of probability, classic utilitarians believed that the option which has the greatest utility will produce more pleasure or happiness for the agent and therefore must be chosen The main problem with the expected value theory is that there might not be a unique correct way to quantify ut... | Expected utility | 0.798566 |
86,525 | Polyacetylene (IUPAC name: polyethyne) usually refers to an organic polymer with the repeating unit n. The name refers to its conceptual construction from polymerization of acetylene to give a chain with repeating olefin groups. This compound is conceptually important, as the discovery of polyacetylene and its high con... | Polyacetylene | 0.798566 |
86,526 | The solution was found in 1969 (date of first submission) by Homer G. Ellis, and independently around the same time by Kirill A. Bronnikov. Bronnikov pointed out that a two-dimensional analog of the topology of the solution is a hyperboloid of one sheet, and that only use of the antiorthodox coupling polarity would all... | Ellis drainhole | 0.798565 |
86,527 | Edwin Haslam (1932 – 3 October 2013) was an organic chemist and an author of books on polyphenols. He was an alumnus of Sir John Deane's College in Northwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom and was for many years Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Sheffield. Haslam proposed a first comprehensive definition o... | Edwin Haslam | 0.798565 |
86,528 | This situation is applicable in algebraic number theory when relating the ring of integers and a field extension. In particular, given a field extension L / K {\displaystyle L/K} the integral closure of O K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{K}} in L {\displaystyle L} is the ring of integers O L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O... | Integral extension | 0.798565 |
86,529 | Consider the ordinary differential equation d y d t = − y 2 , t ∈ ( 2 ) {\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dt}}=-y^{2},\ t\in \quad \quad (2)} with the initial condition y ( 0 ) = 1. {\displaystyle y(0)=1.} Consider a grid t k = a k n {\displaystyle t_{k}=a{\frac {k}{n}}} for 0 ≤ k ≤ n, that is, the time step is Δ t = a / n ,... | Explicit and implicit methods | 0.798565 |
86,530 | Psychophysiology measures exist in multiple domains; reports, electrophysiological studies, studies in neurochemistry, neuroimaging and behavioral methods. Evaluative reports involve participant introspection and self-ratings of internal psychological states or physiological sensations, such as self-report of arousal l... | Psychophysiology | 0.798564 |
86,531 | with David Mumford: Contributions to algebraic geometry in honor of Oscar Zariski. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1979. with John Tate: Arithmetic and geometry: papers dedicated to I.R. Shafarevich on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. | Michael Artin | 0.798564 |
86,532 | Many studies in North America have examined ecological and environmental correlates of the number of people affected by Lyme disease. A 2005 study using climate suitability modelling of I. scapularis projected that climate change would cause an overall 213% increase in suitable vector habitat by 2080, with northward ex... | Lyme borreliosis | 0.798564 |
86,533 | The subgroup Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } in P ( S 3 ) / Z {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S^{3})/\mathbb {Z} } is the group generated by the whole sphere. Again, the rightmost nonzero group in these sequences is the obstacle to realizability of a value in R ⊗ Z R / 2 π Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \otimes _{\mathbb {Z... | Dehn invariant | 0.798563 |
86,534 | His interests lie with social computing, design, and information technology. In 2016 he received the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science – SCS Allen Newell Research Award for his research on "Designing Online Communities." Jessica Hammer is an assistant professor, jointly appointed between the HCI Institute and ... | Human–Computer Interaction Institute | 0.798563 |
86,535 | No other currently known proteins have the same overall topology as GST enzymes.Bacterial glutathione transferases are not detected in anaerobic bacteria or archaea. These antioxidant enzymes are a part of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway, which is present in cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, and certain Gram-negative... | Bacterial glutathione transferase | 0.798563 |
86,536 | We will now use the previous theorem to show that the Mandelbaum-Barrows Codes are equidistant (which means that every pair of codewords have the same distance), with a distance of n B − 1 ( ⌊ r B r + 1 ⌋ − ⌊ B r + 1 ⌋ ) {\displaystyle {\frac {n}{B-1}}(\lfloor {\frac {rB}{r+1}}\rfloor -\lfloor {\frac {B}{r+1}}\rfloor )... | AN codes | 0.798563 |
86,537 | In chemical nomenclature, a descriptor is a notational prefix placed before the systematic substance name, which describes the configuration or the stereochemistry of the molecule. Some listed descriptors are only of historical interest and should not be used in publications anymore as they do not correspond with the m... | Descriptor (chemistry) | 0.798563 |
86,538 | On the occasion of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the first plenary meeting of the Central Military-Civil Fusion Development Committee (CMCFDC), scholars from the National Defense University wrote in the PLA Daily that the "transferability of social resources" between economic and military ends is an esse... | Artificial intelligence industry in China | 0.798563 |
86,539 | Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES) is a conference for cryptography research, focusing on the implementation of cryptographic algorithms. The two general areas treated are the efficient and the secure implementation of algorithms. Related topics such as random number generators, physical unclonable func... | Fast Software Encryption | 0.798563 |
86,540 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the stericantitruncated 16-cell honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. | Stericantitruncated 16-cell honeycomb | 0.798562 |
86,541 | Bruce A. Finlayson is an American chemical engineer and applied mathematician. He is the Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering at the University of Washington, United States. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He is known for his contributions to chemical engineering in general and for th... | Bruce A. Finlayson | 0.798562 |
86,542 | More generally, G {\displaystyle G} is called the direct sum of a finite set of subgroups H 1 , … , H n {\displaystyle H_{1},\ldots ,H_{n}} of the map is a topological isomorphism. If a topological group G {\displaystyle G} is the topological direct sum of the family of subgroups H 1 , … , H n {\displaystyle H_{1},\ldo... | Direct sum of topological groups | 0.798562 |
86,543 | This polymorphism in morphology and behaviour of workers initially was thought to be determined by environmental factors such as nutrition and hormones that led to different developmental paths; however, genetic differences between worker castes have been noted in Acromyrmex sp. These polymorphisms are caused by relati... | Ant trail | 0.798562 |
86,544 | Unstructured and semi-structured data have different meanings depending on their context. In the context of relational database systems, unstructured data cannot be stored in predictably ordered columns and rows. One type of unstructured data is typically stored in a BLOB (binary large object), a catch-all data type av... | Business Intelligence | 0.798562 |
86,545 | The algebra of space ought to include the algebra of the plane as a special case, just as the algebra of the plane includes the algebra of the line…When vector analysis is developed and presented...we may expect to see many zealous cultivators, many fruitful applications, and, finally, universal diffusion ... May the m... | Quaternion Society | 0.798561 |
86,546 | Let x be the identity function. Each r in R defines a constant function, giving rise to the homomorphism R → S. The universal property says that this map extends uniquely to R → S , f ↦ f ¯ {\displaystyle R\to S,\quad f\mapsto {\overline {f}}} (t maps to x) where f ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {f}}} is the polynomial f... | Ring (algebra) | 0.798561 |
86,547 | Humans have long been manipulating genetic material through breeding and modern genetic modification for optimizing crop yield, etc.. There can also be unexpected, negative health and environmental outcomes. Environmental biotechnology is about the balance between the applications that provide for these and the implica... | Environmental Biotechnology | 0.798561 |
86,548 | 240 BC 190 BC– Greece, Diocles (mathematician) 225 BC – Greece, Apollonius of Perga writes On Conic Sections and names the ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola. 202 BC to 186 BC –China, Book on Numbers and Computation, a mathematical treatise, is written in Han dynasty. 200 BC – 140 BC – Greece, Zenodorus (mathematician) 1... | Timeline of mathematics | 0.798561 |
86,549 | The Ising model of a recurrent neural network as a learning memory model was first proposed by Shun'ichi Amari in 1972 and then by William A. Little in 1974, who was acknowledged by Hopfield in his 1982 paper. Networks with continuous dynamics were developed by Hopfield in his 1984 paper. A major advance in memory stor... | Hopfield neural network | 0.798561 |
86,550 | The equation Δv = 2K – 2, has a smooth solution v, because the right hand side has integral 0 by the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Thus φ = 2G + v satisfies Δφ = 2K away from P. It follows that g1 = eφg is a complete metric of constant curvature 0 on the complement of P, which is therefore isometric to the plane. Composing wit... | Monge patch | 0.79856 |
86,551 | Several attempts have been made to formulate a full Machian theory, but most physicists think that none have so far succeeded. For example, see Brans–Dicke theory. Relational quantum mechanics and a relational approach to quantum physics have been independently developed, in analogy with Einstein's special relativity o... | Relational theory | 0.79856 |
86,552 | Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The I designation stands for isoagglutinogen, another term for antigen. The gene encodes a glycosyltransferase—that is, an enzyme th... | ABO blood group system | 0.79856 |
86,553 | One can define the algebraic K-theory of a stable ∞-category or dg-category C, giving a sequence of abelian groups K i ( C ) {\displaystyle K_{i}(C)} for integers i. The group K 0 ( C ) {\displaystyle K_{0}(C)} has a simple description in terms of the triangulated category associated to C. But an example shows that the... | Triangulated category | 0.79856 |
86,554 | While many plants have been used for food, a small number of staple crops including wheat, rice, and maize provide most of the food in the world today. In turn, animals provide much of the meat eaten by the human population, whether farmed or hunted, and until the arrival of mechanised transport, terrestrial mammals pr... | Human uses of living things | 0.79856 |
86,555 | This formulation was entirely attributable to Born, who also established that all the elements not on the diagonal of the matrix were zero. Born considered that his paper with Jordan contained "the most important principles of quantum mechanics including its extension to electrodynamics." The paper put Heisenberg's app... | Max Born | 0.798559 |
86,556 | We will first state a simplified version of Tarski's theorem, then state and prove in the next section the theorem Tarski proved in 1933. Let L {\displaystyle L} be the language of first-order arithmetic. This is the theory of the natural numbers, including their addition and multiplication, axiomatized by the first-or... | Tarski's undefinability theorem | 0.798559 |
86,557 | The conjugation of 1,3-butadiene was first evaluated by Kistiakowsky, a conjugative contribution of 3.5 kcal/mol was found based on the energetic comparison of hydrogenation between conjugated species and unconjugated analogues. Rogers who used the method first applied by Kistiakowsky, reported that the conjugation sta... | Hyperconjugation | 0.798559 |
86,558 | He graduated from Osaka University with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1965, and then a Ph.D. in systems engineering from UCLA in 1974. He worked as a computer system designer at Rockwell International and a member of technical staff at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory until 1979. | Kilnam Chon | 0.798559 |
86,559 | Due to their number and variety of architectures, it is difficult to give a precise definition for a CNN processor. From an architecture standpoint, CNN processors are a system of finite, fixed-number, fixed-location, fixed-topology, locally interconnected, multiple-input, single-output, nonlinear processing units. The... | Cellular neural network | 0.798559 |
86,560 | Maxwell's equations describe the field for passive medium and cannot be used in describing the field in laser and quantum amplifier. Phenomenological equations are derived for electromagnetic field in the gain medium, i.e. Maxwell's equations for the gain medium, and Poynting's theorem for these equations. Maxwell's eq... | Nonlinear theory of semiconductor lasers | 0.798559 |
86,561 | Used by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey. Bradford Robotic Telescope: 35 cm Telescope for educational use. STELLA Telescopes (STELLA I and STELLA II) robotic telescopes: 120 cm STELLA is an abbreviation of STELLar Activity, operated by Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics (AIP) with the collaboration of the IAC, put i... | Teide Observatory | 0.798559 |
86,562 | Boyden Observatory performs professional astrophysics research using the 1.5 meter reflector. In addition to the research program, the observatory runs an active educational program for school children from all backgrounds as well as for members of the public, attracting thousands of visitors each year. In 1966, this o... | Boyden Observatory | 0.798558 |
86,563 | Lower-energy soft x-ray light is the ALS' specialty, filling an important niche and complementing other DOE light source facilities. Higher-energy x-rays are also available from locations where superconducting magnets create "superbends" in the electrons' path. Soft x-rays are used to characterize the electronic struct... | Advanced Light Source | 0.798558 |
86,564 | In algebraic geometry, the above formulation is used because a scheme which is a Hausdorff space is necessarily empty or zero-dimensional. The difference between the topological and algebro-geometric context comes from the topological structure of the fiber product (in the category of schemes) X × Spec ( Z ) X {\displa... | Diagonal embedding | 0.798558 |
86,565 | – Linux User Commands Manual pidstat(1): reports statistics for Linux tasks (processes): I/O, CPU, memory, etc. – Linux User Commands Manual nfsiostat(1): reports input/output statistics for network filesystems (NFS). – Linux User Commands Manual cifsiostat(1): reports I/O statistics for CIFS resources. – Linux User Co... | Sar (Unix) | 0.798558 |
86,566 | In geometry and crystallography, a stereohedron is a convex polyhedron that fills space isohedrally, meaning that the symmetries of the tiling take any copy of the stereohedron to any other copy. Two-dimensional analogues to the stereohedra are called planigons. Higher dimensional polytopes can also be stereohedra, whi... | Stereohedron | 0.798558 |
86,567 | One may intuitively get an idea how this procedure yields a substitution tiling of the entire plane. A mathematically rigorous definition is given below. Substitution tilings are notably useful as ways of defining aperiodic tilings, which are objects of interest in many fields of mathematics, including automata theory,... | Substitution tiling | 0.798557 |
86,568 | {\displaystyle \psi :G+\mu c\in {\mathfrak {e}}_{1}\mapsto G+\mu c+f(G)c\in {\mathfrak {e}}_{2}.} It follows from the definitions that ψ is a Lie algebra isomorphism and (2) holds. Corollary A cohomology class ∈ H2(g, F) defines a central extension of g which is unique up to isomorphism. | Lie algebra extension | 0.798557 |
86,569 | 10x Genomics was founded in 2012 by Serge Saxonov, Ben Hindson and Kevin Ness to create advanced testing equipment for use in cellular biology. Prior to starting the company, Saxonov was the founding architect, and director of research and development at 23andMe. Ness left 10x Genomics in December 2016 and in 2018, Jus... | 10x Genomics | 0.798557 |
86,570 | In the event that one is unhappy with using Turing machines (on the grounds that they are low level and somewhat arbitrary), there is a realisability topos called the Kleene–Vesley topos in which one can reduce computable analysis to constructive analysis. This constructive analysis includes everything that is valid in... | Computable analysis | 0.798557 |
86,571 | where, he teaches different subjects, and takes the direction of the engineering unit. In 1906, he obtained a theorem of existence of algebraic curves drawn on certain types of surfaces, thus beginning the search for the classification of rational surfaces.Mobilized during World War I, Severi enlisted in the artillery.... | Francesco Severi | 0.798557 |
86,572 | This exclusive focus on linguistic expressions represents a narrower construal than is preferred in linguistic anthropology, which regards linguistic indexicality (deixis) as a special subcategory of indexicality in general, which is often nonlinguistic. Indexicals appear to represent an exception to, and thus a challe... | Indexical information | 0.798557 |
86,573 | Informally, Alfvén's theorem refers to the fundamental result in ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory that electrically conducting fluids and the magnetic fields within are constrained to move together in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds numbers (Rm)—such as when the fluid is a perfect conductor or when velocity and le... | Alfvén's Theorem | 0.798557 |
86,574 | Building on research by Barbara Fredrickson suggesting that individuals with a higher ratio of positive to negative emotions tend to have more successful life outcomes, and on studies by Marcial Losada applying differential equations from fluid dynamics to human emotions, Fredrickson and Losada proposed as informative ... | Positivity/negativity ratio | 0.798557 |
86,575 | Much of number theory can be viewed as the study of rational points of algebraic varieties, a convenient setting being smooth projective varieties. For smooth projective curves, the behavior of rational points depends strongly on the genus of the curve. | Rational points | 0.798556 |
86,576 | Long non-coding RNAs have also been identified as playing an important role in gene expression. These lncRNAs are RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length but are not transcribed into any functional protein. They have been identified to play a role in the epigenetics of diseases such as Discoid Lupus Erythemat... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.798556 |
86,577 | Robert Guillaumont began his research in 1959 on the chemistry of protactinium in solution. He showed that the electronic filling of the 5f underlay begins for this element. The UV absorption spectrum of Pa4+ is typical of a 5f16d1 transition (Pa atom: 5f26d17s2). Together with his collaborators, he extended his method... | Robert Guillaumont | 0.798556 |
86,578 | "Equivalent forms of Dirac equations in curved spacetimes and generalized de Broglie relations". Brazilian Journal of Physics. 43 (1–2): 64–77. | Dirac equation | 0.798555 |
86,579 | Then let G {\displaystyle G} be defined by G ( C ) = C E {\displaystyle G(C)=CE} . There is an obvious augmentation E X → X {\displaystyle EX\to X} and this induces one on G {\displaystyle G} . It can be shown that both K {\displaystyle K} and L {\displaystyle L} are both G {\displaystyle G} -presentable and G {\displa... | Acyclic model | 0.798555 |
86,580 | From 1880 to 1884, Gibbs worked on developing the exterior algebra of Hermann Grassmann into a vector calculus well-suited to the needs of physicists. With this object in mind, Gibbs distinguished between the dot and cross products of two vectors and introduced the concept of dyadics. Similar work was carried out indep... | Josiah Willard Gibbs | 0.798555 |
86,581 | "The Diversity of Stable and Persistent Phosphorus-Containing Radicals". Modern Aspects of Main Group Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. | Stable phosphorus radicals | 0.798555 |
86,582 | Generally the Magnus effect describes the laws of physics that make a curveball curve. A fastball travels through the air with backspin, which creates a higher pressure zone in the air ahead of and under the baseball. The baseball's raised seams augment the ball's ability to develop a boundary layer and therefore a gre... | Breaking ball | 0.798555 |
86,583 | We don't want to just force the verifier to factor the number, so a better way to avoid this issue is to give primality certificates for each of the prime factors of n − 1 as well, which are just smaller instances of the original problem. We continue recursively in this manner until we reach a number known to be prime,... | Primality certificate | 0.798554 |
86,584 | The journal has an international editorial board of researchers and editorial offices in London and New York. Since 2010 it has incorporated what was previously the separate Journal of Biology. Video abstracts associated with the BMC Biology articles are collected on the BMC YouTube Channel. | BMC Biology | 0.798554 |
86,585 | According to Richard R. Valencia, the response to the first edition of Rushton's book was "overwhelmingly negative", with only a small number of supporters, many being, like Rushton, Pioneer Fund grantees, such as psychologists Arthur Jensen, Michael Levin, Richard Lynn, and Linda Gottfredson.Valencia identified the ma... | Race, Evolution, and Behavior | 0.798554 |
86,586 | In the late 1960s, the Astronomy Committee of the UK's Science Research Council (SRC, the forerunner of STFC) considered the importance of astronomical observations at submillimetre and millimetre wavelengths. After a series of proposals and debates, in 1975, the SRC millimetre steering committee concluded that it woul... | James Clerk Maxwell Telescope | 0.798554 |
86,587 | Neutron Activation Analysis has a wide variety of applications including within the fields of archaeology, soil science, geology, forensics, and the semiconductor industry. Forensically, hairs subjected to a detailed forensic neutron analysis to determine whether they had sourced from the same individuals was first use... | Activation analysis | 0.798553 |
86,588 | Since it integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, it has potential to capture the benefits of both in a single framework. Its inference system corresponds to a set of fuzzy IF–THEN rules that have learning capability to approximate nonlinear functions. Hence, ANFIS is considered to be a universal est... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.798553 |
86,589 | One usually assumes that the chiral quark mass phase can be converted to a contribution to the total effective θ ~ {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\tilde {\theta }}} angle, but it remains to be explained why this angle is extremely small instead of being of order one; the particular value of the θ angle that must be very ... | CP violation | 0.798553 |
86,590 | Compared to the training of CNNs using GPUs, not much attention was given to the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. A notable development is a parallelization method for training convolutional neural networks on the Intel Xeon Phi, named Controlled Hogwild with Arbitrary Order of Synchronization (CHAOS). CHAOS exploits both t... | Convolutional Neural Network | 0.798553 |
86,591 | The Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation (CCRG) is a research center of the College of Science (COS) and a Research Center of Excellence at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) dedicated to research at the frontiers of numerical relativity and relativistic astrophysics, gravitational-wave physics, its... | Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation | 0.798553 |
86,592 | Wireless charging uses inductive charging mats that charge without a wired connection and can be embedded in parking stalls or even on roadways. Mobile charging involves another vehicle that brings the charge station to the electric vehicle; the power is supplied via a fuel generator (typically gasoline or diesel), or ... | Electric vehicle supply equipment | 0.798552 |
86,593 | In chemistry, isovalent or second order hybridization is an extension of orbital hybridization, the mixing of atomic orbitals into hybrid orbitals which can form chemical bonds, to include fractional numbers of atomic orbitals of each type (s, p, d). It allows for a quantitative depiction of bond formation when the mol... | Isovalent hybridisation | 0.798552 |
86,594 | An energy function quadratic in the V i {\displaystyle V_{i}} was defined, and the dynamics consisted of changing the activity of each single neuron i {\displaystyle i} only if doing so would lower the total energy of the system. This same idea was extended to the case of V i {\displaystyle V_{i}} being a continuous va... | Hopfield neural network | 0.798552 |
86,595 | In statistics, the concept of the shape of a probability distribution arises in questions of finding an appropriate distribution to use to model the statistical properties of a population, given a sample from that population. The shape of a distribution may be considered either descriptively, using terms such as "J-sha... | Shape of a probability distribution | 0.798552 |
86,596 | BRIAN, a Python based simulator Budapest Reference Connectome, web based 3D visualization tool to browse connections in the human brain Emergent, neural simulation software. GENESIS, a general neural simulation system. NEST is a simulator for spiking neural network models that focuses on the dynamics, size and structur... | Mathematical neuroscience | 0.798552 |
86,597 | NBI is short for the Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions Knowledgebase at Oregon State University, a repository for annotated data on nanomaterials characterization (purity, size, shape, charge, composition, functionalization, agglomeration state), synthesis methods, and nanomaterial-biological interactions (beneficia... | NBI Knowledgebase | 0.798552 |
86,598 | Whether or not certain families of graphs are graceful is an area of graph theory under extensive study. Arguably, the largest unproven conjecture in graph labelling is the Ringel–Kotzig conjecture, which hypothesizes that all trees are graceful. This has been proven for all paths, caterpillars, and many other infinite... | Graph labeling | 0.798551 |
86,599 | Java Analysis Studio (JAS) is an object oriented data analysis package developed for the analysis of particle physics data. The latest major version is JAS3. JAS3 is a fully AIDA-compliant data analysis system. It is popular for data analysis in areas of particle physics which are familiar with the Java programming lan... | Java Analysis Studio | 0.798551 |
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