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86,600 | In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a smooth map between Riemannian manifolds is called harmonic if its coordinate representatives satisfy a certain nonlinear partial differential equation. This partial differential equation for a mapping also arises as the Euler-Lagrange equation of a functional called... | Harmonic map | 0.798551 |
86,601 | Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (Weka) is a collection of machine learning and data analysis free software licensed under the GNU General Public License. It was developed at the University of Waikato, New Zealand and is the companion software to the book "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Tec... | Weka (machine learning) | 0.798551 |
86,602 | Lattice gas automata (LGCA), or lattice gas cellular automata, are a type of cellular automaton used to simulate fluid flows, pioneered by Hardy–Pomeau–de Pazzis and Frisch–Hasslacher–Pomeau. They were the precursor to the lattice Boltzmann methods. From lattice gas automata, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Na... | Lattice Gas Automata | 0.798551 |
86,603 | In biochemistry, the metallome is the distribution of metal ions in a cellular compartment. The term was coined in analogy with proteome as metallomics is the study of metallome: the "comprehensive analysis of the entirety of metal and metalloid species within a cell or tissue type". Therefore, metallomics can be consi... | Metallome | 0.798551 |
86,604 | Peppas was educated in chemical engineering at the National Technical University of Athens (D. Eng., 1971) and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sc.D., 1973) under the direction of bioengineering pioneer Edward W. Merrill. Subsequently, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Arteriosclerosis Center of the Mass... | Nicholas A. Peppas | 0.798551 |
86,605 | He is well known for his analysis of Einstein's "Zurich Notebook," a small, brown notebook which contains Einstein's private day-to-day calculations during a critical period (1912–1913) in his development of general relativity. The trio of Einstein scholars, John Norton, John Stachel, and John Earman, have sometimes be... | John D. Norton | 0.798551 |
86,606 | In November 2014, Merck and Pfizer agreed a deal for the latter to sell the former sharing rights to develop an experimental immunotherapy drug for a fee of $850 million.In October 2015, Merck revealed it would return the rights of the Kuvan drug to BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. The drug is effective in the treatment of... | Merck Group | 0.798551 |
86,607 | Researchers have built devices to interface with neural cells and entire neural networks in cultures outside animals. As well as furthering research on animal implantable devices, experiments on cultured neural tissue have focused on building problem-solving networks, constructing basic computers and manipulating robot... | Brain–computer interfacing | 0.798551 |
86,608 | Macdonald, Alan (2012). Vector and Geometric Calculus. Charleston: CreateSpace. ISBN 9781480132450. OCLC 829395829. | Geometric calculus | 0.798551 |
86,609 | Paul G. Mezey is a Hungarian-Canadian mathematical chemist. He was the Canada Research Chair in Scientific Modeling and Simulation in the Department of Chemistry at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. He retired from Memorial University in 2018. | Paul G. Mezey | 0.798551 |
86,610 | In mathematical logic, a formula of first-order logic is in Skolem normal form if it is in prenex normal form with only universal first-order quantifiers. Every first-order formula may be converted into Skolem normal form while not changing its satisfiability via a process called Skolemization (sometimes spelled Skolem... | Skolem function | 0.798551 |
86,611 | Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, data transmission and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such as information theory, electrical ... | Coding Theory | 0.79855 |
86,612 | Fundamental differences in these forms are thus revealed", and Buchanan concludes that the large "gaps" indicate that Darwin's endless series of continuous variations is not substantiated. But he does have some criticisms: Thompson should have referenced the effects of hormones on growth; and the relation of molecular ... | On Growth and Form | 0.79855 |
86,613 | In cellular biology, a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Such cells compose the body of an organism and divide through the process of binary ... | Somatic cells | 0.79855 |
86,614 | An algebraic variety can be neither affine nor projective. To give an example, let X = P1 × A1 and p: X → A1 the projection. It is an algebraic variety since it is a product of varieties. It is not affine since P1 is a closed subvariety of X (as the zero locus of p), but an affine variety cannot contain a projective va... | Differential algebraic variety | 0.798549 |
86,615 | The method was first developed by Canadian Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology A. Albert Yuzpe as a method of reducing potential unwanted pregnancies, including pregnancy from rape. He published the first studies demonstrating the method's safety and efficacy in 1974. == References == | Yuzpe regimen | 0.798549 |
86,616 | He then went to work on his doctorate, which was an unusual double dissertation. The first part, supervised by Richards, concerned "The Electrochemical Behavior of Liquid Sodium Amalgams"; the second, supervised by Kohler, was "A Study of Certain Cyclopropane Derivatives". Harvard awarded Conant his Doctor of Philosoph... | James B. Conant | 0.798549 |
86,617 | His current research activities involve a number of accelerators around the world, including the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the soon-to-open Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment (RAON). During his tenure at Ewha Woman... | Kevin Insik Hahn | 0.798549 |
86,618 | Battersby chose to investigate mimics for myoglobin and cytochrome P450, designing artificial targets wherein a single metal-containing coordination complex was synthesised and its behaviour compared with the natural system it was replacing. The small-molecule targets were porphyrins carrying substituents in positions ... | Alan R. Battersby | 0.798549 |
86,619 | The Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics (Český institut informatiky, robotiky a kybernetiky, CIIRC) was established as a part of the Czech Technical University in Prague on July 1, 2013. In the premises of the CTU in Dejvice there has been two new buildings for CIIRC built since November 2013. CIIR... | Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics | 0.798549 |
86,620 | The WNPRC describes its mission to involve researching human diseases, studying primate biology, providing "expertise, resources and training" to scientists, and disseminating information about the center. In 2020, the center consisted of 1,600 animals, 190 employees, and 190 trainees. | Wisconsin National Primate Research Center | 0.798548 |
86,621 | Aristotle argues against the indivisibles of Democritus (which differ considerably from the historical and the modern use of the term "atom"). As a place without anything existing at or within it, Aristotle argued against the possibility of a vacuum or void. Because he believed that the speed of an object's motion is p... | Aristotelian Physics | 0.798548 |
86,622 | Retrieved from IceBite Blog: Saying Farewell to a Frozen World: http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_expedition&task=detail&id=3388&type=blog&pid=19 Peter Doran, P. C. (2010). RESULTS FROM ASTEP AND OTHER ASTROBIOLOGY FIELD CAMPAIGNS II. | Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets | 0.798548 |
86,623 | This supports a pentacoordinate silicon as part of the mechanism, as trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the silicon with one of the O or C axial and the other equatorial would explain the observed retention in configuration at the silicon center. This mechanism also proceeds with inversion at the carbon center. This ... | Brook rearrangement | 0.798548 |
86,624 | This conjecture has been proved for some special cases. The next result applies in the generic setting, i.e., to almost all polyhedra with the same combinatorial structure, see structural rigidity. Theorem. | Geometric rigidity | 0.798548 |
86,625 | In computer science, consistent hashing is a special kind of hashing technique such that when a hash table is resized, only n / m {\displaystyle n/m} keys need to be remapped on average where n {\displaystyle n} is the number of keys and m {\displaystyle m} is the number of slots. In contrast, in most traditional hash ... | Consistent hashing | 0.798548 |
86,626 | In January 2020, the society had approximately 1,400 individual members from more than 60 countries. The members are typically in academic institutions, criminal justice and police organizations, as well as private companies. Their fields of expertise include forensic biology, molecular genetics, population genetics, b... | International Society for Forensic Genetics | 0.798547 |
86,627 | The Wasserstein metric is a natural way to compare the probability distributions of two variables X and Y, where one variable is derived from the other by small, non-uniform perturbations (random or deterministic). In computer science, for example, the metric W1 is widely used to compare discrete distributions, e.g. th... | Wasserstein metric | 0.798547 |
86,628 | The college ranks 10th in the world for engineering on the Times Higher Education subject rankings, and the department in particular ranks 8th in the world in the 2018 QS world subject rankings. Domestically, the department ranks 2nd on the Complete University Guide's 2019 mechanical engineering table after Cambridge, ... | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London | 0.798547 |
86,629 | Magnetars are characterized by their extremely powerful magnetic fields of ~109 to 1011 T. These magnetic fields are a hundred million times stronger than any man-made magnet, and about a trillion times more powerful than the field surrounding Earth. Earth has a geomagnetic field of 30–60 microteslas, and a neodymium-b... | Magnetar | 0.798547 |
86,630 | It is the isogonal conjugate of the nine-point center. It is triangle center X ( 54 ) {\displaystyle X(54)} in Clark Kimberling's list. This theorem is a special case of Dao's theorem on six circumcenters associated with a cyclic hexagon in. == References == | Kosnita's theorem | 0.798546 |
86,631 | Often both physics/physiology based (i.e. skeletal animation) and image-based modeling and rendering are employed in the synthesis part. Hybrid models employing both approaches have shown best results in realism and ease-of-use. | Digital look-alike | 0.798546 |
86,632 | In educational settings, the Darboux integral offers a simpler definition that is easier to work with; it can be used to introduce the Riemann integral. The Darboux integral is defined whenever the Riemann integral is, and always gives the same result. Conversely, the gauge integral is a simple but more powerful genera... | Riemann integrable | 0.798546 |
86,633 | One became aggravated when one's good ideas were discarded along with the bad ones of others. Nevertheless, diligence persisted during the entire period. The chemistry of the 13 was excellent." | ECMA-2 | 0.798546 |
86,634 | As with other areas of Greek thought maintained and enhanced by Islamic scholars, Western interest in polyhedra revived during the Italian Renaissance. Artists constructed skeletal polyhedra, depicting them from life as a part of their investigations into perspective. Toroidal polyhedra, made of wood and used to suppor... | Polyhedral surface | 0.798546 |
86,635 | In the media "such graphs are used to illustrate papers, reports, theses", and other presentation material.Many tools have been developed to visualize data. Computer-generated imagery can be categorized into several different types: two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and animated graphics. As technology has ... | Computer Graphics | 0.798545 |
86,636 | Linear PDEs can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations by the important technique of separation of variables. This technique rests on a feature of solutions to differential equations: if one can find any solution that solves the equation and satisfies the boundary conditions, then it is the solution (... | Partial Differential Equations | 0.798545 |
86,637 | FGLM is one of the main algorithms in computer algebra, named after its designers, Faugère, Gianni, Lazard and Mora. They introduced their algorithm in 1993. The input of the algorithm is a Gröbner basis of a zero-dimensional ideal in the ring of polynomials over a field with respect to a monomial order and a second mo... | FGLM algorithm | 0.798545 |
86,638 | After having read the manuscript, Klein wrote to him, saying: Without doubt this is the most important work on general algebra that the Annalen has ever published. Later, after the usefulness of Hilbert's method was universally recognized, Gordan himself would say: I have convinced myself that even theology has its mer... | David Hilbert | 0.798545 |
86,639 | To establish a correlation as causal within physics, it is normally understood that the cause and the effect must connect through a local mechanism (cf. for instance the concept of impact) or a nonlocal mechanism (cf. the concept of field), in accordance with known laws of nature. From the point of view of thermodynami... | Third-cause fallacy | 0.798545 |
86,640 | (2003). Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. | Glossary of calculus | 0.798545 |
86,641 | Compared to inshore aquaculture, disease problems currently appear to be much reduced when farming offshore. For example, parasitic infections that occur in mussels cultured offshore are much smaller than those cultured inshore. However, new species are now being farmed offshore although little is known about their eco... | Offshore aquaculture | 0.798545 |
86,642 | 1 (2nd ed. ), Wiley, ISBN 978-0-471-00005-1 Apostol, Tom M. (June 1969), Calculus, Vol. | Second-order derivative | 0.798545 |
86,643 | Phenotypic variation is a combination of one's genetics and their surrounding environment, with no interaction or mutual influence between the two. This means that a significant portion of human variability can be controlled by human behavior. Nutrition and diet play a substantial role in determining phenotype because ... | Human variability | 0.798545 |
86,644 | There he is also curator of the Oesper Collection on the History of Chemistry, the largest such collection in the United States after that at the Smithsonian Museum. He has an Ask the Historian column in the Journal of Chemical Education. From 1988 to 1995, he was the founding editor of the Bulletin for the History of ... | William B. Jensen | 0.798544 |
86,645 | In molecular biology, the CD20-like family of proteins includes the CD20 protein and the beta subunit of the high affinity receptor for IgE Fc, MS4A2. MS4A2 has a tetrameric structure consisting of a single IgE-binding alpha subunit, a single beta subunit, and two disulfide-linked gamma subunits. It has four putative t... | CD20-like family | 0.798544 |
86,646 | Hiba studied zoology at the University of Khartoum, earning a Bachelors in 1993 and a Masters in 1998. She moved to the University of Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) for her PhD in 2002. Her doctoral research, "The role of Host Genetics in Susceptibility to Kala-azar in The Sudan", was under the supervi... | Hiba Mohamed | 0.798543 |
86,647 | The amount that is available to be harvested is controlled by the benchmarks MSY and OY. MSY is the maximum sustainable yield and OY is the optimum yield of a stock. The main difference between MSY and OY is that MSY considers only the biology of the fish while the OY considers the economic aspect of the harvest. | Stock assessment | 0.798543 |
86,648 | Consider two cases: If S A T ∉ P / p o l y {\displaystyle {\mathsf {SAT}}\notin {\mathsf {P/poly}}} then S A T ∉ S I Z E ( n k ) {\displaystyle {\mathsf {SAT}}\notin {\mathsf {SIZE}}(n^{k})} and theorem is proved. If S A T ∈ P / p o l y {\displaystyle {\mathsf {SAT}}\in {\mathsf {P/poly}}} , then by Karp–Lipton theorem... | Karp–Lipton theorem | 0.798543 |
86,649 | : 565 The conference hosts tutorials, demonstrations and training sessions.PyCon 2020 was listed as one of "The best software engineering conferences of 2020" and "As Python becomes ever more popular in the scientific community and for big data, the influence of PyCon will continue to grow." PyCon is often attended by... | Python Conference | 0.798543 |
86,650 | (1996) "Shadows of language in physics and cybernetics", Systems Research, 13(3), 329-340. (2002) "What is systems science?" in Robert Trappl (Ed. ), Cybernetics and systems 2002 (Vol. | Lars Löfgren | 0.798543 |
86,651 | The Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry is an award granted by the American Mathematical Society for notable research in geometry or topology. It was funded in 1961 in memory of Oswald Veblen and first issued in 1964. The Veblen Prize is now worth US$5000, and is awarded every three years. | Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry | 0.798543 |
86,652 | Early study of triangles can be traced to the 2nd millennium BC, in Egyptian mathematics (Rhind Mathematical Papyrus) and Babylonian mathematics. Trigonometry was also prevalent in Kushite mathematics. Systematic study of trigonometric functions began in Hellenistic mathematics, reaching India as part of Hellenistic as... | History of trigonometry | 0.798543 |
86,653 | The following theorem (see th. 2.8 in ch.2 of ) gives necessary and sufficient conditions so that a local Lie group G {\displaystyle G} is a symmetry group of an algebraic system. Theorem. | Lie point symmetry | 0.798542 |
86,654 | Increase of entropy in a thermodynamic process can be described in terms of "energy dispersal" and the "spreading of energy," while avoiding mention of "disorder" except when explaining misconceptions. All explanations of where and how energy is dispersing or spreading have been recast in terms of energy dispersal, so ... | Energy dispersal | 0.798542 |
86,655 | Wigner's theorem states a converse of the above: Proofs can be found in Wigner (1931, 1959), Bargmann (1964) and Weinberg (2002). Antiunitary and antilinear transformations are less prominent in physics. They are all related to a reversal of the direction of the flow of time.Remark 1: The significance of the uniqueness... | Wigner's Theorem | 0.798541 |
86,656 | Aristotle's biology is constructed on the basis of his theory of form, which is derived from Plato's theory of Forms, but significantly different from it. Plato's Forms were eternal and fixed, being "blueprints in the mind of God". Real things in the world could, in Plato's view, at best be approximations to these perf... | Aristotelian system | 0.798541 |
86,657 | In this process, mutation is typically unimportant except when the focus is on low-frequency alleles maintained by deleterious mutation pressure (see Population genetics: Mutation), e.g., Edwards (1977) addressed theoretical population genetics without considering mutation at all; Lewontin (1974) stated that "There is ... | Bias in the introduction of variation | 0.798541 |
86,658 | Define for a topological space X E ∗ ( X ) = M U ∗ ( X ) ⊗ M U ∗ R ∗ {\displaystyle E_{*}(X)=MU_{*}(X)\otimes _{MU_{*}}R_{*}} Here R ∗ {\displaystyle R_{*}} gets its M U ∗ {\displaystyle MU_{*}} -algebra structure via F. The question is: is E a homology theory? It is obviously a homotopy invariant functor, which fulfil... | Landweber exact functor theorem | 0.798541 |
86,659 | A seminorm is a norm if and only if the underlying topology is T0, so L2(R) is actually a complete normed vector space satisfying the parallelogram identity—otherwise known as a Hilbert space. And it is a Hilbert space that mathematicians (and physicists, in quantum mechanics) generally want to study. Note that the not... | Kolmogorov axiom | 0.798541 |
86,660 | The first examples of TPMS were the surfaces described by Schwarz in 1865, followed by a surface described by his student E. R. Neovius in 1883.In 1970 Alan Schoen came up with 12 new TPMS based on skeleton graphs spanning crystallographic cells. While Schoen's surfaces became popular in natural science the constructio... | Triply periodic minimal surface | 0.798541 |
86,661 | The T6O18 is the basic ring structure, where T is usually Si4+, but substitutable by Al3+ or B3+. Tourmalines can be subgrouped by the occupancy of the X site, and from there further subdivided by the chemistry of the W site. The Y and Z sites can accommodate a variety of cations, especially various transition metals; ... | Mineral species | 0.798541 |
86,662 | Ernst Dieter Dickmanns is a German pioneer of dynamic computer vision and of driverless cars. Dickmanns has been a professor at Bundeswehr University Munich (1975–2001), and visiting professor to Caltech and to MIT, teaching courses on "dynamic vision". | Ernst Dickmanns | 0.79854 |
86,663 | Vishik had 48 students and was the author of several books and more than 250 articles. His two sons, Mikhail and Simeon, are also mathematicians. Since 1961, he organized his seminar on Partial Differential Equations at Moscow State University. Vishik's work has been exceptionally fruitful. For example, Jacques-Louis L... | Mark Vishik | 0.79854 |
86,664 | In more intuitive terms, a member of Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } is a possible outcome, a member of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is a measurable subset of possible outcomes, the function P {\displaystyle P} gives the probability of each such measurable subset, E {\displaystyle E} represents the set of values that the... | Random variables | 0.79854 |
86,665 | Methods for object detection generally fall into either neural network-based or non-neural approaches. For non-neural approaches, it becomes necessary to first define features using one of the methods below, then using a technique such as support vector machine (SVM) to do the classification. On the other hand, neural ... | Object detection | 0.79854 |
86,666 | Richard James Saykally (born September 10, 1947) is an American chemist. He is currently the Class of 1932 Endowed Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. He has received numerous awards for his research on the molecular characteristics of water and aqueous solutions. | Richard J. Saykally | 0.79854 |
86,667 | The notion of isomer also appears in other fields such as chemistry and meteorology. Therefore, in the first publications devoted to this effect the name nuclear isomeric shift on spectral lines was used. Before the discovery of the Mössbauer effect, the isomeric shift referred exclusively to atomic spectra; this expla... | Isomeric shift | 0.79854 |
86,668 | For specific usage domains, the storage of entire words or sentences allows for high-quality output. Alternatively, a synthesizer can incorporate a model of the vocal tract and other human voice characteristics to create a completely "synthetic" voice output.Virtual assistants such as Siri and Alexa have the ability to... | Media synthesis | 0.798539 |
86,669 | The set of locations on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram where these newly visible stars reside is called the birthline, and is found above the main sequence. The location of the stellar birthline depends in detail on the accretion rate onto the star and geometry of this accretion, i.e. whether or not it is occurring th... | Stellar birthline | 0.798539 |
86,670 | However it follows easily, at least for n ≥ 6 {\displaystyle n\geq 6} , from an effective form of a weak version of the abc conjecture. The abc conjecture says the lim sup of the set of all qualities (defined above) is 1, which implies the much weaker assertion that there is a finite upper bound for qualities. The conj... | ABC conjecture | 0.798539 |
86,671 | Given a Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} , the Cartan subalgebra h ⊂ g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {h}}\subset {\mathfrak {g}}} is the maximal Abelian subalgebra. By definition, it consists of those elements that commute with one-another. An orthonormal basis can be freely chosen on h {\displaystyle {\mathfr... | Structure constants | 0.798539 |
86,672 | The book was originally written in the period immediately following the publication of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers and several years following the early work of Max Planck; it was a transitional period for physics, where special relativity and old quantum theory were gaining traction. The book serves to document ... | A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity | 0.798538 |
86,673 | This principle follows from the fact that it is always possible a spurious relationship exists for variables between which covariance is found in some degree. Associations may be examined between any combination of continuous and categorical variables using methods of statistics. Other data analytical approaches for st... | Quantitative method | 0.798538 |
86,674 | This formulation uses the algebra that spacetime generates through the introduction of a distributive, associative (but not commutative) product called the geometric product. Elements and operations of the algebra can generally be associated with geometric meaning. The members of the algebra may be decomposed by grade ... | Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field | 0.798538 |
86,675 | In reference to gender, sexuality and sexual behavior, the ability to play with these ideas has resulted in a questioning of how virtual experience may affect one's offline emotions. As McRae states, virtual sex not only complicates but drastically unsettles the division between mind, body, and self that has become a c... | Online identity | 0.798538 |
86,676 | Kearns was named Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (2014) for contributions to machine learning, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2012). His former graduate students and postdoctoral visitors include Ryan W. Porter, John Langford, and Jennifer Wortman Vaughan. Kearns' work has ... | Michael Kearns (computer scientist) | 0.798538 |
86,677 | The notion of normal distribution, being one of the most important distributions in probability theory, has been extended far beyond the standard framework of the univariate (that is one-dimensional) case (Case 1). All these extensions are also called normal or Gaussian laws, so a certain ambiguity in names exists. The... | Gaussian Distribution | 0.798538 |
86,678 | In June 2020, an efficiently updatable neural network (NNUE) fork introduced by computer shogi programmers called Stockfish NNUE was discussed by developers. In July 2020 chess news reported that Stockfish NNUE had "broken new ground in computer chess by incorporating a neural network into the already incredibly powerf... | Stockfish (chess) | 0.798538 |
86,679 | David Rejeski, director, also the Director of the Foresight and Governance Project at the Woodrow Wilson Center, an initiative designed to facilitate long-term thinking and planning in the public sector. Todd Kuiken, Policy Associate Eleonore Pauwels, Visiting ScholarThe Advisory Board included Linda J. Fisher, Vice Pr... | Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies | 0.798537 |
86,680 | They evolved from Arthur Bowley's work in the early 1900s, and are useful tools in exploratory data analysis. Unlike histograms, stemplots retain the original data to at least two significant digits, and put the data in order, thereby easing the move to order-based inference and non-parametric statistics. Star plot: A ... | Data plot | 0.798537 |
86,681 | Prof. Väisälä also developed excellent tools to measure earth rotational axis position by building so called zenith telescopes, and in the 1960s Tuorla Observatory was in the top rank of North Pole position tracking measurements. In the 1980s radioastronomy was able to replace earth rotation tracking by referring thing... | Yrjö Väisälä | 0.798537 |
86,682 | A. de Sarasa interpreted the quadrature as a logarithm and thus the geometrically defined natural logarithm (or "hyperbolic logarithm") is understood as the area under y = 1/x to the right of x = 1. As an example of a transcendental function, the logarithm is more familiar than its motivator, the hyperbolic angle. Neve... | Hyperbolic angle | 0.798537 |
86,683 | Environmental chemistry traditionally emphasizes the interaction of heavy metals with organisms. Methylmercury has caused major disaster called Minamata disease. Arsenic poisoning is a widespread problem owing largely to arsenic contamination of groundwater, which affects many millions of people in developing countries... | Bioinorganic Chemistry | 0.798536 |
86,684 | In 1237 or at some point in the following decade, he accepted an invitation to teach at the University of Paris. While there, he lectured on Latin grammar, Aristotelian logic, arithmetic, geometry, and the mathematical aspects of astronomy and music. His faculty colleagues included Robert Kilwardby, Albertus Magnus, an... | Roger Bacon | 0.798536 |
86,685 | An agricultural drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle used in agriculture operations, mostly in yield optimization and in monitoring crop growth and crop production. Agricultural drones provide information on crop growth stages, crop health, and soil variations. Multispectral sensors are used on agricultural drones to im... | Agricultural drone | 0.798536 |
86,686 | The original motivation for the study of triangle removal lemma was Ruzsa–Szemerédi problem. Initial formulation due to Imre Z. Ruzsa and Szemerédi from 1978 was slightly weaker than the triangle removal lemma used nowadays and can be roughly stated as follows: every locally linear graph on n {\displaystyle n} vertices... | Triangle removal lemma | 0.798536 |
86,687 | Also like cnidarians, the bodies of ctenophores consist of a mass of jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores, however, these layers are two cells deep, while those in cnidarians are only a single cell deep. While cnidarians exhibit radial symmetry, ctenophore... | Marine Biodiversity | 0.798536 |
86,688 | Due to its generality, reinforcement learning is studied in many disciplines, such as game theory, control theory, operations research, information theory, simulation-based optimization, multi-agent systems, swarm intelligence, and statistics. In the operations research and control literature, reinforcement learning is... | Direct policy search | 0.798536 |
86,689 | The second part of the Lambek–Moser theorem states that this construction of partitions from inverse functions is universal, in the sense that it can explain any partition of the positive integers into two infinite parts. If S = s 1 , s 2 , … {\displaystyle S=s_{1},s_{2},\dots } and S ∗ = s 1 ∗ , s 2 ∗ , … {\displaysty... | Lambek–Moser theorem | 0.798536 |
86,690 | The difference from the traditional Rogowski coil is that the sensor can be manufactured using a planar coil rather than a toroidal coil. In order to reject the influence of conductors outside the sensor's measurement region, these planar Rogowski current sensors use a concentric coil geometry instead of a toroidal geo... | Rogowski coil | 0.798535 |
86,691 | Shanks made contributions to debates on topics in what may be broadly characterised as evolutionary medicine. It is now generally recognised that the implications evolutionary biology for medicine must be taken into account if modern medical inquiry is to be placed on a sound theoretical foundation. The great populatio... | Niall Shanks | 0.798535 |
86,692 | Many of his publications are related to rank-based nonparametric statistics. For example, an examination of the robustness and comparative power properties of the rank transform statistic was called a "major Monte Carlo study". Hettmansperger and McKean stated that Sawilowsky provided "an excellent review of nonparamet... | Shlomo Sawilowsky | 0.798535 |
86,693 | Elastic scattering is a form of particle scattering in scattering theory, nuclear physics and particle physics. In this process, the kinetic energy of a particle is conserved in the center-of-mass frame, but its direction of propagation is modified (by interaction with other particles and/or potentials) meaning the two... | Elastic scattering | 0.798535 |
86,694 | Karl Popper approached the problem of indeterminacy as a logician and metaphysical realist. He disagreed with the application of the uncertainty relations to individual particles rather than to ensembles of identically prepared particles, referring to them as "statistical scatter relations". In this statistical interpr... | Uncertainty Principle | 0.798535 |
86,695 | Adiabatic theorem Adiabatic quantum motor | List of adiabatic concepts | 0.798535 |
86,696 | There are several experimental therapies for endometrial cancer under research, including immunologic, hormonal, and chemotherapeutic treatments. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), an antibody against the Her2 protein, has been used in cancers known to be positive for the Her2/neu oncogene, but research is still underway. Immuno... | Endometrial cancer | 0.798534 |
86,697 | Formally, one may define a compact Lie algebra either as the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group, or as a real Lie algebra whose Killing form is negative definite. These definitions do not quite agree: The Killing form on the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group is negative semidefinite, not negative definite in general. ... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.798534 |
86,698 | Beginning in 1935, Bertha Swirles described a relativistic treatment of a many-electron system, despite Paul Dirac's 1929 assertion that the only imperfections remaining in quantum mechanics "give rise to difficulties only when high-speed particles are involved and are therefore of no importance in the consideration of... | Relativistic effect | 0.798534 |
86,699 | So, at time t 2 {\displaystyle t_{2}} , Alice knows the value of M A ( α ) {\displaystyle M_{A}(\alpha )}: the spin of her particle, relative to herself. But, since the particles are in a singlet state, she knows that M A ( α ) + M A ( β ) = 0 , {\displaystyle M_{A}(\alpha )+M_{A}(\beta )=0,} and so if she measures her... | Relational quantum mechanics | 0.798534 |
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