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86,900 | Constructor theory is a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics in the language of ergodic theory, developed by physicists David Deutsch and Chiara Marletto, at the University of Oxford, since 2012. Constructor theory expresses physical laws exclusively in terms of which physical transformations, ... | Constructor theory | 0.798493 |
86,901 | ROCm high-level libraries are usually consumed directly by application software, such as machine learning frameworks. Most of the following libraries are in the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) category, which GPU architecture excels at. The majority of these user-facing libraries comes in dual-form: hip for the indirect... | ROCm | 0.798492 |
86,902 | The researchers found that some antibiotic resistance in E. coli developed because of epigenetic inheritance rather than by direct inheritance of a mutated gene. This was further supported by data showing that reversion to antibiotic sensitivity was relatively common as well. This could only be explained by epigenetics... | Antibiotic resistant bacteria | 0.798492 |
86,903 | Shapley and Folkman used their lemma to prove the following theorem, which quantifies the difference between Q {\displaystyle Q} and C o n v ( Q ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {Conv} (Q)} using squared Euclidean distance. For any nonempty subset S ⊆ R D {\displaystyle S\subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{D}} and any point x ∈ R D , {\di... | Shapley–Folkman lemma | 0.798491 |
86,904 | Charles L. Mader was a Banning Scholar at Oklahoma City University (1948-1951) and earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry from Oklahoma A&M College (now known as Oklahoma State University–Stillwater) (1951-1954). His Master’s thesis was on quantitative measurements of the organic acids of sorghum syrup. | Charles L. Mader | 0.798491 |
86,905 | Many organic chemicals are thermodynamically unstable in the presence of oxygen; however, their rate of spontaneous oxidation is slow at room temperature. In the language of physical chemistry, such reactions are kinetically limited. This kinetic stability allows the accumulation of complex environmental structures in ... | Photodegradation | 0.79849 |
86,906 | The physics of this process was first explained by Dungey (1961).If one assumed that magnetopause was just a boundary between a magnetic field in a vacuum and a plasma with a weak magnetic field embedded in it, then the magnetopause would be defined by electrons and ions penetrating one gyroradius into the magnetic fie... | Magnetopause | 0.79849 |
86,907 | In real-world situations, stations are often constrained by limited space, legacy designs, and track geometry or roadway layout. Stations may have to use a compromise design, with a platform curved in a way that will allow a vehicle or train to arrive and depart without mechanical interference, but which leaves unavoid... | Platform gap | 0.79849 |
86,908 | Most bees are also either oligolectic or polylectic, where they target specific or more general groups of flowering plants respectively, and their foraging patterns overlap significantly closely during the day and/or seasonally to the bloom periods of these targeted flowers. In the nest, bees will also communicate the ... | Palynivore | 0.79849 |
86,909 | The connectivity theorems are specific relationships between elasticities and control coefficients. They are useful because they highlight the close relationship between the kinetic properties of individual reactions and the system properties of a pathway. Two basic sets of theorems exists, one for flux and another for... | Metabolic Control Analysis | 0.798489 |
86,910 | In physics, a sign convention is a choice of the physical significance of signs (plus or minus) for a set of quantities, in a case where the choice of sign is arbitrary. "Arbitrary" here means that the same physical system can be correctly described using different choices for the signs, as long as one set of definitio... | Sign convention | 0.798489 |
86,911 | Normality is defined as the molar concentration c i {\displaystyle c_{i}} divided by an equivalence factor f e q {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {eq} }} . Since the definition of the equivalence factor depends on context (which reaction is being studied), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and National Ins... | Concentration measurements | 0.798489 |
86,912 | One starts with the recognition that the used differential operators are often part of complexes: successive application results in zero. Then, the phrasing of the differential operators of relevant differential equations and relevant boundary conditions as a Hodge Laplacian. The Hodge Laplacian terms are split using t... | Finite element exterior calculus | 0.798489 |
86,913 | A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. | Outline of medicine | 0.798489 |
86,914 | According to the Nobel Committee, however: (1) the Russians did not come to an independent interpretation of their discovery as they cited Raman's article; (2) they observed the effect only in crystals, whereas Raman and Krishnan observed it in solids, liquids and gases, and therefore proved the universal nature of the... | C. V. Raman | 0.798489 |
86,915 | Chaudhry and Oliphant carried out research in artificial disintegration of the atomic nucleus and positive ions. In 1933, Chaudhry earned his D.Phil in Nuclear physics under Ernest Rutherford. He then returned to India. | Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry | 0.798489 |
86,916 | As a result of the large magnitude earthquakes that killed at least 844 people, students from Imperial College London's Civil Engineering Department volunteered to work on a development project from 2002 onwards, to be concentrated in the country's poorest communities over subsequent academic years. Students from sever... | El Salvador Project | 0.798489 |
86,917 | Lucien Hardy and John Stewart Bell have emphasized that in the de Broglie–Bohm picture of quantum mechanics there can exist empty waves, represented by wave functions propagating in space and time but not carrying energy or momentum, and not associated with a particle. The same concept was called ghost waves (or "Gespe... | Pilot wave theory | 0.798488 |
86,918 | Compressed air work is mostly used in civil engineering projects where a raised ambient pressure is used to counteract ingress of groundwater from the surrounding soil or rock by balancing the hydrostatic pressure of the water with an applied air pressure inside an enclosed and sealed working area, such as a caisson, s... | Work in compressed air | 0.798488 |
86,919 | In addition, his work in automata theory and the Chomsky hierarchy have become well known in computer science, and he is much cited in computational linguistics.Chomsky's criticisms of behaviorism contributed substantially to the decline of behaviorist psychology; in addition, he is generally regarded as one of the pri... | Noam Chomsky | 0.798488 |
86,920 | The ultrafilter lemma is equivalent to the Boolean prime ideal theorem, with the equivalence provable in ZF set theory without the axiom of choice. The idea behind the proof is that the subsets of any set form a Boolean algebra partially ordered by inclusion, and any Boolean algebra is representable as an algebra of se... | Boolean prime ideal theorem | 0.798488 |
86,921 | In neuroscience, visual cortical simple cells were first shown by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel to have response properties that resemble Gabor filters, which are band-pass.In astronomy, band-pass filters are used to allow only a single portion of the light spectrum into an instrument. Band-pass filters can help with ... | Band-pass filter | 0.798488 |
86,922 | In geometry, the Parry point is a special point associated with a plane triangle. It is the triangle center designated X(111) in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers. The Parry point and Parry circle are named in honor of the English geometer Cyril Parry, who studied them in the early 1990s. | Parry circle | 0.798487 |
86,923 | {\displaystyle \Omega \equiv {\frac {\rho }{\rho _{c}}}={\frac {8\pi G\rho }{3H^{2}}}.} This term originally was used as a means to determine the spatial geometry of the universe, where ρc is the critical density for which the spatial geometry is flat (or Euclidean). Assuming a zero vacuum energy density, if Ω is large... | Density parameter | 0.798487 |
86,924 | A complementary perspective on the funding of scientific research is given by D.T. Max, writing about the Flatiron Institute, a computational center set up in 2017 in Manhattan to provide scientists with mathematical assistance. The Flatiron Institute was established by James Harris Simons, a mathematician who had used... | Sagan effect | 0.798487 |
86,925 | The typical brain sample is an autopsy specimen, a brain sample obtained during an autopsy. : 1503 For elderly adults with suspected LATE, TDP-43 immunochemistry will determine if TDP-43 proteinopathy caused hippocampal sclerosis. : 8–9 Pyramidal cell loss and gliosis occurs in the CA1 sector, subiculum, entorhinal cor... | Hippocampal sclerosis | 0.798486 |
86,926 | The development and use of alternative transportation fuels (whose supply is expected to expand by 15% by 2022), renewable energy sources, and other clean energy technologies have also received more attention and financial incentives. Recent policies also emphasize growing the use of coal with carbon capture and seques... | Energy conservation measure | 0.798486 |
86,927 | IBIS was also modified, in this case to support Software Engineering, by Potts & Bruns. The Potts & Bruns approach was then extended by the Decision Representation Language (DRL). which itself was extended by RATSpeak. | Design rationale | 0.798486 |
86,928 | The diffeomorphism group has two natural topologies: weak and strong (Hirsch 1997). When the manifold is compact, these two topologies agree. The weak topology is always metrizable. When the manifold is not compact, the strong topology captures the behavior of functions "at infinity" and is not metrizable. | Diffeomorphism group | 0.798486 |
86,929 | Chuzhoy earned bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in 1998, 2000, and 2004 respectively. Her dissertation, on approximation algorithms, was supervised by Seffi Naor. She has been at the Toyota Technological Institute since 2007, and also holds a position in the ... | Julia Chuzhoy | 0.798485 |
86,930 | For a continuously differentiable function of several real variables, a point P (that is, a set of values for the input variables, which is viewed as a point in Rn) is critical if all of the partial derivatives of the function are zero at P, or, equivalently, if its gradient is zero. The critical values are the values ... | Vector Calculus | 0.798485 |
86,931 | Kozin V.M., Pogorelov, AV Wave resistance amphibious hovercraft when driving on ice. / Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - Novosibirsk: Publishing House SB RAS. - 2003. | Resonance method of ice destruction | 0.798485 |
86,932 | Nuclear Physics B. 811 (3): 463–490. arXiv:0803.1927. | Robbert Dijkgraaf | 0.798484 |
86,933 | The Shapley–Folkman lemma is a result in convex geometry that describes the Minkowski addition of sets in a vector space. It is named after mathematicians Lloyd Shapley and Jon Folkman, but was first published by the economist Ross M. Starr. The lemma may be intuitively understood as saying that, if the number of summe... | Shapley–Folkman lemma | 0.798484 |
86,934 | Within the probability theory Markov model, Markovian discrimination in spam filtering is a method used in CRM114 and other spam filters to model the statistical behaviors of spam and nonspam more accurately than in simple Bayesian methods. A simple Bayesian model of written text contains only the dictionary of legal w... | Markovian discrimination | 0.798484 |
86,935 | The Bioinorganic Chemistry Award has been awarded by the Dalton division of the Royal Society of Chemistry every two years since 2009. The winner receives £2000 and undertakes a lecture tour in the UK. The award was discontinued in 2020. | Bioinorganic Chemistry Award | 0.798484 |
86,936 | Let E ⊇ F {\displaystyle E\supseteq F} be a field extension. An element α ∈ E {\displaystyle \alpha \in E} is separable over F if it is algebraic over F, and its minimal polynomial is separable (the minimal polynomial of an element is necessarily irreducible). If α , β ∈ E {\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in E} are separa... | Separable extension | 0.798483 |
86,937 | Crop protection scientists are trying to develop rice pest management techniques which are sustainable. In other words, to manage crop pests in such a manner that future crop production is not threatened. Sustainable pest management is based on four principles: biodiversity, host plant resistance (HPR), landscape ecolo... | Rice production | 0.798483 |
86,938 | 6 physicists Klaus Clusius – Director of the Institute for Physical Chemistry at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Isotope separation and heavy water production. ca. 4 physical chemists and physicists Kurt Diebner – Director of the HWA Versuchsstelle (testing station) in Gottow and of the RFR experimental stat... | German nuclear weapons program | 0.798483 |
86,939 | ALTRAN (ALgebraic TRANslator) is a programming language for the formal manipulation of rational functions of several variables with integer coefficients. It was developed at Bell Labs in 1960s. ALTRAN is a FORTRAN version of ALPAK rational algebra package, and “can be thought of as a variant of FORTRAN with the additio... | ALTRAN | 0.798483 |
86,940 | and Willetts, B.B. (eds), Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Physics of Blown Sand, 28–31 May, University of Aarhus, Department of Theoretical Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Memoir 8, pp. | Ralph Bagnold | 0.798482 |
86,941 | The version for the EDSAC 2 was devised by D. F. Hartley of University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in 1961. Known as EDSAC 2 Autocode, it was a straight development from Mercury Autocode adapted for local circumstances and was noted for its object code optimization and source-language diagnostics which were ad... | Programming language dialect | 0.798482 |
86,942 | Affine holonomy groups are the groups arising as holonomies of torsion-free affine connections; those which are not Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian holonomy groups are also known as non-metric holonomy groups. The deRham decomposition theorem does not apply to affine holonomy groups, so a complete classification is out... | Holonomy groups | 0.798482 |
86,943 | From 1996 to 2001, the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA hosted a workshop on the analysis of neural data. This workshop then evolved into the special topics course on neuroinformatics which is held at the MBL in the last two weeks of August every year. The popularity of these pedagog... | Chronux | 0.798482 |
86,944 | Tomograph, device and method for non-destructive analysis of multiple measurements done on a geometric object, for producing 2- or 3-dimensional images, representing the inner structure of that geometric object. Wind tunnelThis section and the following sections include instruments from the wide field of Category:Mater... | List of measuring instruments | 0.798482 |
86,945 | Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantit... | Analytical Chemistry | 0.798482 |
86,946 | OntoCAPE is a large-scale ontology for the domain of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (CAPE). It can be downloaded free of charge via the OntoCAPE Homepage. OntoCAPE is partitioned into 62 sub-ontologies, which can be used individually or as an integrated suite. The sub-ontologies are organized across different abstr... | OntoCAPE | 0.798481 |
86,947 | Primary energy sources are transformed in energy conversion processes to more convenient forms of energy that can directly be used by society, such as electrical energy, refined fuels, or synthetic fuels such as hydrogen fuel. In the field of energetics, these forms are called energy carriers and correspond to the conc... | Primary energy resource | 0.798481 |
86,948 | Therefore, as a starting point, they are treated as free, independent entities, and then corrections are included via interactions between the elementary excitations, such as "phonon-phonon scattering". Therefore, using quasiparticles / collective excitations, instead of analyzing 1018 particles, one needs to deal with... | Quasiparticle | 0.798481 |
86,949 | Its primary purpose was to search for signs of life on Mars, past or present. Although it landed safely, it was unable to correctly deploy its solar panels and telecom antenna. EXPOSEEXPOSE is a multi-user facility mounted in 2008 outside the International Space Station dedicated to astrobiology. | Space biology | 0.798481 |
86,950 | A Gerstenhaber algebra is a graded-commutative algebra with a Lie bracket of degree −1 satisfying the Poisson identity. Everything is understood to satisfy the usual superalgebra sign conventions. More precisely, the algebra has two products, one written as ordinary multiplication and one written as , and a Z-grading c... | Antibracket algebra | 0.798481 |
86,951 | Physics theories of the 19th century assumed that just as surface water waves must have a supporting substance, i.e., a "medium", to move across (in this case water), and audible sound requires a medium to transmit its wave motions (such as air or water), so light must also require a medium, the "luminiferous aether", ... | Michelson–Morley experiment | 0.798481 |
86,952 | Concrete security estimates have been applied to cryptographic algorithms: In 1996, schemes for digital signatures based on the RSA and Rabin cryptosystems were proposed, which were shown to be approximately as difficult to break as the original cryptosystems. In 1997, some notions of concrete security (left-or-right i... | Asymptotic security | 0.79848 |
86,953 | Claus O. Wilke is a computational and evolutionary biologist and chair of the Department of Integrative Biology at University of Texas at Austin, where he is the Dwight W. and Blanche Faye Reeder Centennial Fellow in Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, and currently holds the Joseph J. & Jeanne M. Lagowski Regents Pro... | Claus O. Wilke | 0.79848 |
86,954 | In computational statistics, the preconditioned Crank–Nicolson algorithm (pCN) is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for obtaining random samples – sequences of random observations – from a target probability distribution for which direct sampling is difficult. The most significant feature of the pCN algorithm is... | Preconditioned Crank–Nicolson algorithm | 0.79848 |
86,955 | Partington, J.R. (1949). An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry, volume 1, Fundamental Principles. | Equilibrium state | 0.79848 |
86,956 | Multi-task optimization is a paradigm in the optimization literature that focuses on solving multiple self-contained tasks simultaneously. The paradigm has been inspired by the well-established concepts of transfer learning and multi-task learning in predictive analytics. The key motivation behind multi-task optimizati... | Multitask optimization | 0.79848 |
86,957 | Conwell received her physics Ph.D. in 1948, from the University of Chicago under the advisement of Nobel Laureate Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar at Yerkes Observatory and was also an assistant to Enrico Fermi. She was a teaching assistant at Chicago and graded the work of Nobel Laureates such as Chen-Ning Yang and Owen Cha... | Esther M. Conwell | 0.79848 |
86,958 | Despite being offered more financial aid to attend the University of Chicago, his parents advised him that he should move further away to find his independence.At MIT, he quickly decided to major in physics; one of the main reasons was his enjoyment of the lectures that Hans Mueller gave. Another of his influences at M... | James Bjorken | 0.798479 |
86,959 | Jie Lu (Chinese: 路节) is a scientist in the area of computational intelligence and Distinguished Professor at the University of Technology in Sydney. She made fundamental contributions in the areas of fuzzy transfer learning, concept drift, data-driven decision support systems, and recommender systems. Her research has ... | Jie Lu | 0.798479 |
86,960 | Karel Frederik Niessen (1895 in Velsen – 1967) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and is known for the Pauli–Niessen model. | Karel Niessen | 0.798479 |
86,961 | Grothendieck took the perspective that the Riemann–Roch theorem is a statement about morphisms of varieties, not the varieties themselves. He proved that there is a homomorphism from K(X) to the Chow groups of X coming from the Chern character and Todd class of X. Additionally, he proved that a proper morphism f: X → Y... | Special Whitehead group | 0.798479 |
86,962 | Kevin Struhl (born September 2, 1952) is an American molecular biologist and the David Wesley Gaiser Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School. Struhl is primarily known for his work on transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in yeast using molecular, genetic, biochemical, and... | Kevin Struhl | 0.798479 |
86,963 | The scrap-charging and meltdown process can be repeated as many times as necessary to reach the required heat weight - the number of charges is dependent on the density of scrap; lower-density scrap means more charges. After all scrap charges have completely melted, refining operations take place to check and correct t... | Electric arc furnace | 0.798479 |
86,964 | The evaluation discrete global grid consists of many aspects, including area, shape, compactness, etc. Evaluation methods for map projection, such as Tissot's indicatrix, are also suitable for evaluating map projection-based discrete global grid. In addition, averaged ratio between complementary profiles (AveRaComp) gi... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.798479 |
86,965 | Fires that are less intense will remove accumulated litter and allow other wetland plants to regenerate from buried seeds, or from rhizomes. Wetlands that are influenced by fire include coastal marshes, wet prairies, peat bogs, floodplains, prairie marshes and flatwoods. Since wetlands can store large amounts of carbon... | Fire ecology | 0.798479 |
86,966 | This property is sometimes referred to as strong collision resistance. It requires a hash value at least twice as long as that required for pre-image resistance; otherwise collisions may be found by a birthday attack.Collision resistance implies second pre-image resistance but does not imply pre-image resistance. The w... | Cryptographic hashing | 0.798479 |
86,967 | A flame test is an analytical procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain elements, primarily metal ions, based on each element's characteristic flame emission spectrum (which may be affected by the presence of chloride ion). The color of flames in general also depends on temperature and oxygen fed; s... | Flame color | 0.798478 |
86,968 | The Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) Young Researcher Award is an award given by the Technical Committee on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TCPAMI) of the IEEE Computer Society to a researcher within 7 years of completing their Ph.D. for outstanding early career research contributions. Candid... | Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | 0.798478 |
86,969 | Thus, codim ( x , X ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {codim} (x,X)} for closed points x can vary. Let X {\displaystyle X} be an algebraic pre-variety; i.e., an integral scheme of finite type over a field k {\displaystyle k} . | Equidimensional scheme | 0.798478 |
86,970 | The origins of biotechnology culminated with the birth of genetic engineering. There were two key events that have come to be seen as scientific breakthroughs beginning the era that would unite genetics with biotechnology. One was the 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA, by Watson and Crick, and the other was the 19... | History of biotechnology | 0.798478 |
86,971 | Richard K. Yamamoto (1935–2009) was an elementary particle physicist and professor of physics at MIT focusing primarily on the study of leptons and quarks and their interactions. To this end he was involved with experiments at Brookhaven, Fermilab, and SLAC, including the BaBar Experiment. He was also known for his exp... | Richard K. Yamamoto | 0.798478 |
86,972 | Levesque uses both observations and modeling in her work. In the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, she uses the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain spectra of star-forming galaxies. In the optical, she uses the Gemini and Keck observatories on Mauna Kea and the Las Campanas Observatories in Chile to study red supergian... | Emily Levesque | 0.798478 |
86,973 | Astronomy Cast has covered a wide variety of topics ranging from the planets in our solar system to the end of the universe, from the big bang to black holes. All previous episodes can be downloaded from the Astronomy Cast website archive in MP3 format or through major pod-catching software such as iTunes.As of Septemb... | Astronomy Cast | 0.798478 |
86,974 | A simpler proof considering only 633 configurations was given twenty years later by Robertson, Seymour, Sanders and Thomas.The autonomous development of topology from 1860 and 1930 fertilized graph theory back through the works of Jordan, Kuratowski and Whitney. Another important factor of common development of graph t... | Algorithmic graph theory | 0.798478 |
86,975 | Cortical, limbic, and autonomic brain structures that govern emotion, consciousness, sense of self, and associated psychophysiological and behavioral traits (e.g., maternal behavior, facial recognition, moral development, play, sexual behavior, fear, aggression, affect regulation) are highly conserved evolutionarily. I... | Trans-species psychology | 0.798478 |
86,976 | As mentioned in Section 2.4, development of artificial neural network (ANN), or neural network as it is now called, started as simulation of biological neuron network and ended up using artificial neurons. Major development work has gone into industrial applications with learning process. Complex problems were addresse... | Nervous system network models | 0.798477 |
86,977 | There are a growing number of research projects and groups focusing directly or indirectly on microbiomes of the built environment. BIMERC - the Berkeley Indoor Microbial Ecology Research Consortium. This group is focused on "understanding the microbial components of indoor air, including the identification of the sour... | Microbiomes of the built environment | 0.798477 |
86,978 | After graduating from Elgin High School in Elgin, Illinois in 1927, Flory received a bachelor's degree from Manchester College (Indiana) (now Manchester University) in 1931 and a Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 1934. He completed a master's degree in organic chemistry under the supervision of Prof. Cecil E Boor... | Paul Flory | 0.798477 |
86,979 | IDA sensor for anions such as citrate or phosphate ions have been developed whereby these ions can displace a fluorescent indicator in an indicator-host complex. The so-called UT taste chip (University of Texas) is a prototype electronic tongue and combines supramolecular chemistry with charge-coupled devices based on ... | Molecular sensor | 0.798477 |
86,980 | Price index formulas can be evaluated based on their relation to economic concepts (like cost of living) or on their mathematical properties. Several different tests of such properties have been proposed in index number theory literature. W.E. Diewert summarized past research in a list of nine such tests for a price in... | Price index | 0.798477 |
86,981 | The use of thin spaces as separators,: 133 not dots or commas (for example: 20 000 and 1 000 000 for "twenty thousand" and "one million"), has been official policy of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures since 1948 (and reaffirmed in 2003) stating "neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces bet... | Decimal sign | 0.798476 |
86,982 | One approach to proving the second part of the Lie group-Lie algebra correspondence (the homomorphisms theorem) is to use the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula, as in Section 5.7 of Hall's book. Specifically, given the Lie algebra homomorphism ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } from Lie ( G ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Lie} (... | Left invariant | 0.798476 |
86,983 | In five-dimensional geometry, a runcinated 5-cube is a convex uniform 5-polytope that is a runcination (a 3rd order truncation) of the regular 5-cube. There are 8 unique degrees of runcinations of the 5-cube, along with permutations of truncations and cantellations. Four are more simply constructed relative to the 5-or... | Runcicantitruncated 5-cube | 0.798476 |
86,984 | Similarly, it is a derivation on F ( M ) × X ( M ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(M)\times {\mathcal {X}}(M)} where X ( M ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {X}}(M)} is the set of vector fields on M (cf. Theorem 6 from the article: Nichita, F.F. Unification Theories: New Results and Examples. | Lie derivative | 0.798476 |
86,985 | The sea hare A californica is a model organism in neurobiology to study among others the molecular mechanisms of long-term memory. To study interactions, important in neurology, in a more native environment a two-hybrid system has been developed in A californica neurons. A GAL4 AD and BD are used in this system. | Two hybrid screening | 0.798476 |
86,986 | The pace of oceanographic and marine biology studies quickly accelerated during the course of the 19th century. The observations made in the first studies of marine biology fueled the age of discovery and exploration that followed. During this time, a vast amount of knowledge was gained about the life that exists in th... | Marine zoology | 0.798475 |
86,987 | In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed fr... | Disproportionation | 0.798475 |
86,988 | For ALGOL 60, Bauer was with the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, maintains, and supports the languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.Bauer was an influential figure in establishing computer science as an independent subject... | Friedrich L. Bauer | 0.798475 |
86,989 | The Jura Astronomy Society, in collaboration with French amateur astronomer Claudine Rinner and the Cadi Ayyad University, also participates in the Morocco Oukaïmeden Sky Survey (MOSS), using a remote 0.5-meter telescope at Oukaïmeden Observatory (J43), which is operated by the university since 2007. The observatory is... | Jura Observatory | 0.798475 |
86,990 | All isotopes of a chemical element contain the same number of protons with varying numbers of neutrons. The element hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, 1H, 2H and 3H, which are sometimes referred to as protium (H), deuterium (D) and tritium (T), respectively. Both 1H and 2H are stable indefinitely, while 3... | Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry | 0.798475 |
86,991 | It was also at this Symposium that Roy Kerr presented his two page paper on the mathematics of rotating black holes. Of this S. Chandrasekhar (Nobel laureate, 1983) is quoted as saying "In my entire scientific life, extending over forty-five years, the most shattering experience has been the realization that an exact s... | Robinson congruences | 0.798475 |
86,992 | If d {\displaystyle d} is a pseudometric on a set X {\displaystyle X} then collection of open balls: as z {\displaystyle z} ranges over X {\displaystyle X} and r > 0 {\displaystyle r>0} ranges over the positive real numbers, forms a basis for a topology on X {\displaystyle X} that is called the d {\displaystyle d} -top... | Metrizable TVS | 0.798475 |
86,993 | A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean space R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} which is defined by a parametric equation with two parameters r: R 2 → R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} :\mathbb {R} ^{2}\to \mathbb {R} ^{3}} . Parametric representation is a very general way to specify a surface, as well as im... | Parametrized surface | 0.798474 |
86,994 | The Von Braun Astronomical Society is a society of amateur and professional astronomers dedicated to education and public outreach on behalf of astronomy based in Huntsville, Alabama, United States. The society has an observatory and planetarium located east of Huntsville, in Monte Sano State Park. Another important go... | Von Braun Astronomical Society | 0.798474 |
86,995 | Each layer of a neural network has inputs with a corresponding distribution, which is affected during the training process by the randomness in the parameter initialization and the randomness in the input data. The effect of these sources of randomness on the distribution of the inputs to internal layers during trainin... | Batch normalization | 0.798474 |
86,996 | A more complete explanation of the sculpture, including how it came to be made, how its construction was funded and its role in mathematics and physics, has been made available by Penn State. In addition, Ocneanu has provided his own commentary. | Octacube (sculpture) | 0.798474 |
86,997 | Ghulam Dastagir Alam Qasmi (Urdu: غلام دستگیر عالم قاسمی ; popularly known as G.D. Alam; PhD, HI), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and professor of mathematics at the Quaid-e-Azam University. Alam is best known for conceiving and embarking on research on the gas centrifuge during Pakistan's integrated atomic bomb... | Ghulam Dastagir Alam | 0.798474 |
86,998 | Proceedings of the Royal Society B publishes research related to biological sciences. As of 2015 the editor-in-chief is Professor Spencer Barrett. Topics covered in particular include ecology, behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology, as well as epidemiology, human biology, neuroscience, palaeontology, psychology, ... | Proceedings of the Royal Society | 0.798474 |
86,999 | NMPC algorithms typically exploit the fact that consecutive optimal control problems are similar to each other. This allows to initialize the Newton-type solution procedure efficiently by a suitably shifted guess from the previously computed optimal solution, saving considerable amounts of computation time. The similar... | Model Predictive Control | 0.798473 |
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