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86,800 | This suggests that optimization of structure and sequence might be important required before designing the construct. To determine if artificial lncRNA scaffolds can be used with CRISPR-Display, dCas9 complexes were assembled with artificial RNA with a size comparable to lncRNAs. The constructs were expanded to ~650nt ... | CRISPR-Display | 0.798513 |
86,801 | The fundamental theorem of software engineering (FTSE) is a term originated by Andrew Koenig to describe a remark by Butler Lampson attributed to David J. Wheeler: "We can solve any problem by introducing an extra level of indirection." The theorem does not describe an actual theorem that can be proven; rather, it is a... | Fundamental theorem of software engineering | 0.798513 |
86,802 | 2022, Hollylynne S. Lee, North Carolina State University (Mathematics) 2020, Jennifer Cognard-Black, St. Mary’s College of Maryland (English) 2018, Neil Garg, UCLA (Chemistry) 2016, Mikki Hebl, Rice University (Psychology & Management) 2014, Meera Chandrasekhar, University of Missouri (Physics) 2012, Brian Coppola, Uni... | Robert Foster Cherry Award | 0.798512 |
86,803 | The spacetime algebra also contains a non-trivial sub-algebra containing only the even grade elements, i.e. scalars, bivectors, and pseudoscalars. In the even sub-algebra, scalars and pseudoscalars both commute with all elements, and act like complex numbers. However, the pseudoscalar anticommutes with all odd-grade el... | Space time algebra | 0.798512 |
86,804 | Dayhoff's husband was Edward S. Dayhoff, an experimental physicist who worked with magnetic resonance and with lasers. They had two daughters who are also academics, Ruth and Judith.Judith Dayhoff has a Mathematical Biophysics PhD from University of Pennsylvania and is the author of Neural network architectures: An int... | Margaret Oakley Dayhoff | 0.798512 |
86,805 | Meibom currently leads the laboratory for biological geochemistry at EPFL. Research performed in his laboratory is interdisciplinary in nature, at the interface between isotope geochemistry and biology. Active themes in the laboratory include the use of NanoSIMS to visualize and characterize the diagenesis of biogenic ... | Anders Meibom | 0.798511 |
86,806 | In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean (also called the expected value) of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wid... | Standard deviation | 0.798511 |
86,807 | The NNPDF approach can be divided into four main steps: The generation of a large sample of Monte Carlo replicas of the original experimental data, in a way that central values, errors and correlations are reproduced with enough accuracy. The training (minimization of the χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} ) of a set of PDF... | NNPDF | 0.798511 |
86,808 | Bohm and Hiley used the word holomovement for the underlying activity in the various orders together. This term is intended to extend beyond the movement of objects in space and beyond the notion of process, covering movement in a wide context such as for instance the "movement" of a symphony: "a total ordering which i... | Basil Hiley | 0.798511 |
86,809 | Hau and her associates at Harvard University "have demonstrated exquisite control over light and matter in several experiments, but her experiment with 2 condensates is one of the most compelling". In 2006 they successfully transferred a qubit from light to a matter wave and back into light, again using Bose–Einstein c... | Lene Hau | 0.798511 |
86,810 | This peak width means that the P-P distance varies by this vibration within a certain range given as a vibrational amplitude u, in this example uT(P‒P) = 0.0560(5) Å. The slightly more complicated molecule P3As has two different distances P-P and P-As. Because their contributions overlap in the RDC, the peak is broader... | Gas electron diffraction | 0.798511 |
86,811 | As shown by Felsenstein (1978), MP might be statistically inconsistent, meaning that as more and more data (e.g. sequence length) is accumulated, results can converge on an incorrect tree and lead to long branch attraction, a phylogenetic phenomenon where taxa with long branches (numerous character state changes) tend ... | Bayesian inference in phylogeny | 0.79851 |
86,812 | Aristotle distinguished between five virtues of thought: technê, epistêmê, phronêsis, sophia, and nous, with techne translating as "craft" or "art" and episteme as "knowledge". A full account of epistêmê is given in Posterior Analytics, where Aristotle argues that knowledge of necessary, rather than contingent, truths ... | Episteme | 0.79851 |
86,813 | 2, Issue 1, Pages 31–43, March 1981 Some remarks on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 367–369, May, 1976 Asymptotic bounds for the number of convex n-ominoes (with Ronald L. Rivest), Discrete Mathematics, Vol. | David A. Klarner | 0.79851 |
86,814 | For any edge u v {\displaystyle uv} of any Euclidean minimum spanning tree, the lens (or vesica piscis) formed by intersecting the two circles with u v {\displaystyle uv} as their radii cannot have any other given vertex w {\displaystyle w} in its interior. Put another way, if any tree has an edge u v {\displaystyle uv... | Euclidean minimum spanning tree | 0.79851 |
86,815 | According to Freudenthal's theorem, in the stable range the homotopy groups of spheres depend not on the specific dimensions of the spheres in the domain and target, but on the difference in those dimensions. With this in mind the k-th stable stem is π k s := lim n π n + k ( S n ) {\displaystyle \pi _{k}^{s}:=\lim _{n}... | Stable homotopy | 0.79851 |
86,816 | In numerical analysis, the Crank–Nicolson method is a finite difference method used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar partial differential equations. It is a second-order method in time. It is implicit in time, can be written as an implicit Runge–Kutta method, and it is numerically stable. | Crank-Nicolson method | 0.798509 |
86,817 | Current theories on the anaesthetized state identify not only target sites in the CNS but also neural networks and arousal circuits linked with unconsciousness, and some anesthetics potentially able to activate specific sleep-active regions. Potential molecular pharmacologic targets of general anaesthetics are GABAA,an... | General anesthesia | 0.798509 |
86,818 | Solving homogeneous differential equations often amounts to computing the kernel of certain differential operators. For instance, in order to find all twice-differentiable functions f from the real line to itself such that x f ″ ( x ) + 3 f ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) , {\displaystyle xf''(x)+3f'(x)=f(x),} let V be the space of ... | Kernel (group theory) | 0.798509 |
86,819 | The DelFly project started in 2005 as a Design Synthesis Exercise for a group of Bachelor of Science students at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering of the TU Delft. The flapping wing design was mentored by Wageningen University, the remote control and micro camera integration by Ruijsink Dynamic Engineering, and the ... | DelFly | 0.798509 |
86,820 | In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes (congruence classes) modulo n. The method was first suggested in 1999 by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and Davi... | Mod-n cryptanalysis | 0.798509 |
86,821 | On the one hand, they may be derived from axioms that are not as self-evident as their defenders proclaim and thereby fail to inherit the status of absolute certainty. For example, many philosophers have rejected the claim of self-evidence concerning one of Rene Descartes' first principles stating that "he can know tha... | Systematic Philosophy | 0.798508 |
86,822 | Benefits are similar to backwards sweep, also it avoids the stall problems and has reduced tip losses allowing a smaller wing, but requires even greater stiffness to avoid aeroelastic flutter as on the Sukhoi Su-47. The HFB 320 Hansa Jet used forward sweep to prevent the wing spar passing through the cabin. Small shoul... | Wing planform | 0.798508 |
86,823 | (December 1954). "The geometrical basis of crystal chemistry. Part 4". | Alexander F. Wells | 0.798508 |
86,824 | Qadir received his early education from Shujabad, Multan. He received his B.Pharm degree from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Later he attended Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad and received his Ph.D degree in subject of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.He worked in the College of Pharmacy, Governme... | Muhammad Imran Qadir | 0.798508 |
86,825 | Single Particle Extinction and Scattering (SPES) is a technique in physics that is used to characterise micro and nanoparticles suspended in a fluid through two independent parameters, the diameter and the effective refractive index.A laser generates a gaussian beam which focuses inside a flow cell. A particle that pas... | Single particle extinction and scattering | 0.798508 |
86,826 | Artificial intelligence has been combined with digital spectrometry by IdeaCuria Inc., enable applications such as at-home water quality monitoring. | Applications of AI | 0.798508 |
86,827 | In photochemical reactions, atoms and molecules absorb energy (photons) of the illumination light and convert it into an excited state. They can then release this energy by breaking chemical bonds, thereby producing radicals. Photochemical reactions include hydrogen–oxygen reactions, radical polymerization, chain react... | Reaction mixture | 0.798508 |
86,828 | The first part begins on a New Year's Day, in which a young, 17-year-old Jeff Luty and his friend Carlos Tucay are about to light bottle rockets on Stinson Beach. The two boys, who are interested in the young but growing nanotechnology industry, dream about establishing Lu-Tuc Space Tech, and have inserted nanorobots i... | Postsingular | 0.798507 |
86,829 | In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the natural pairing of a finite-dimensional vector space and its dual. In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indice... | Tensor contraction | 0.798507 |
86,830 | Mineral physics Creep Elasticity Melting Rheology Thermal expansion Viscosity | Outline of geophysics | 0.798507 |
86,831 | RSNA publishes five peer-reviewed journals: Radiology, offering radiology research and reviews; RadioGraphics, dedicated to continuing education in radiology; Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, highlights the emerging applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the field of imaging across multiple ... | Radiological Society of North America | 0.798506 |
86,832 | International commitments reflected in the Paris Agreement have led to efforts toward a renewable energy transition as a strategy for climate change mitigation. Green capitalism and sustainable development approaches have informed policy in many countries of the Global North, resulting in rapid growth of the electric v... | Electric vehicle battery supply chain | 0.798506 |
86,833 | An Auston switch consists of a transmission line antenna with a gap that is bridged by a semiconductor. For terahertz generation, a DC bias voltage is applied across the antenna. When light from a pulsed laser with femtosecond pulses is focused on the gap, it excites charge carriers into the semiconductor's conduction ... | Auston switch | 0.798506 |
86,834 | Somewhat surprisingly Eduard Study is known by practitioners of quantum chemistry. Like James Joseph Sylvester, Paul Gordan believed that invariant theory could contribute to the understanding of chemical valence. In 1900 Gordan and his student G. Alexejeff contributed an article on an analogy between the coupling prob... | Eduard Study | 0.798506 |
86,835 | Nef-type reactions are frequently encountered in organic synthesis, because they turn the Henry reaction into a convenient method for functionalization at the β and γ locations. Thus, for example, the reaction is combined with the Michael reaction in the synthesis of the γ-keto-carbonyl methyl 3-acetyl-5-oxohexanoate, ... | Nef reaction | 0.798506 |
86,836 | The EMCal is a lead-scintillator sampling calorimeter comprising almost 13,000 individual towers that are grouped into ten super-modules. The towers are read out by wavelength-shifting optical fibers in a shashlik geometry coupled to an avalanche photodiode. The complete EMCal will contain 100,000 individual scintillat... | A Large Ion Collider Experiment | 0.798506 |
86,837 | In geometry, a triacontagon or 30-gon is a thirty-sided polygon. The sum of any triacontagon's interior angles is 5040 degrees. | Triacontagon | 0.798506 |
86,838 | It is derived from the mean value theorem, which states that a secant line, cutting the graph of a differentiable function f {\displaystyle f} at ( x , f ( x ) ) {\displaystyle (x,f(x))} and ( y , f ( y ) ) {\displaystyle (y,f(y))} , has the same slope as a line tangent to the graph at some point ξ {\displaystyle \xi }... | Stolarsky mean | 0.798506 |
86,839 | Lately his efforts have focused primarily on the determination of quantitative structure activity relationships in both carcinogenic and chemotherapeutic agents, consisting of developing computer simulations of the actions of drugs, seeking correlations between the chemical structure of the drugs and their activity in ... | Gilles Klopman | 0.798506 |
86,840 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-7 cubic honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). With Schläfli symbol {4,3,7}, it has seven cubes {4,3} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many cubes existing around each vertex in ... | Order-8 cubic honeycomb | 0.798506 |
86,841 | The Agoh–Giuga conjecture bears a similarity to Wilson's theorem, which has been proven to be true. Wilson's theorem states that a number p is prime if and only if ( p − 1 ) ! ≡ − 1 ( mod p ) , {\displaystyle (p-1)!\equiv -1{\pmod {p}},} which may also be written as ∏ i = 1 p − 1 i ≡ − 1 ( mod p ) . {\displaystyle \pro... | Agoh–Giuga conjecture | 0.798506 |
86,842 | Daily activities create the convergence in time and space of the three elements necessary for a crime to occur: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians. The theory argues that available opportunities are an important component in the crime calculus. Choices in lifestyle on the part o... | Crime opportunity theory | 0.798506 |
86,843 | Wojciech Szpankowski (born February 18, 1952 in Wapno) is the Saul Rosen Professor of Computer Science at Purdue University. He is known for his work in analytic combinatorics, analysis of algorithms and analytic information theory. He is the director of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Science of Information. | Wojciech Szpankowski | 0.798505 |
86,844 | When generating well defined styles, music can be seen as a combinatorial optimization problem, whereby the aim is to find the right combination of notes such that the objective function is minimized. This objective function typically contains rules of a particular style, but could be learned using machine learning met... | Algorithmic composition | 0.798504 |
86,845 | {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&BF=AE=BC\cos {\hat {B}}=a\cos {\hat {B}}\\\Rightarrow \ &DC=EF=AB-2BF=c-2a\cos {\hat {B}}.\end{aligned}}} Now the law of cosines is rendered by a straightforward application of Ptolemy's theorem to cyclic quadrilateral ABCD: A D × B C + A B × D C = A C × B D ⇒ a 2 + c ( c − 2 a cos B ^... | Laws of cosines | 0.798504 |
86,846 | (2021). "Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networks." arXiv:2111.11215, pp. | Light field rendering | 0.798504 |
86,847 | In geometry, a dodecagon, or 12-gon, is any twelve-sided polygon. | Dodecagon | 0.798504 |
86,848 | Like his predecessors, al-Qalaṣādī used an algebraic notation. While the 19th century writer Franz Woepcke believed that this algebraic symbolism was created by al-Qalaṣādī, these symbols had actually been used by other mathematicians in North Africa 100 years earlier. Al-Qalaṣādī represented mathematical symbols using... | Abu'l-Hasan ibn Ali al-Qalasadi | 0.798504 |
86,849 | Specific reference to cartoon physics extends back at least to June 1980, when an article "O'Donnell's Laws of Cartoon Motion" appeared in Esquire. A version printed in V.18 No. 7 p. 12, 1994 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in its journal helped spread the word among the technical crowd, which ... | Cartoon physics | 0.798504 |
86,850 | With I. B. Bernstein, E. A. Frieman, and R. M. Kulsrud, he developed the MHD (or magnetohydrodynamic) Energy Principle. His interests extended to plasma astrophysics as well as laboratory plasmas. | Martin David Kruskal | 0.798503 |
86,851 | Smolin's 2006 book The Trouble with Physics explored the role of controversy and disagreement in the progress of science. It argued that science progresses fastest if the scientific community encourages the widest possible disagreement among trained and accredited professionals prior to the formation of consensus broug... | Fecund universes theory | 0.798503 |
86,852 | The job title of C. L. E. Moore instructor is given by the Math Department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology to recent math Ph.D.s hired for their promise in pure mathematics research. The instructors are expected to do both teaching and research. Past C. L. E. Moore instructors include John Nash, Walter Rudin, ... | C. L. E. Moore instructor | 0.798503 |
86,853 | Alhazen explored what is now known as the Euclidean parallel postulate, the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements, using a proof by contradiction, and in effect introducing the concept of motion into geometry. He formulated the Lambert quadrilateral, which Boris Abramovich Rozenfeld names the "Ibn al-Haytham–Lambert qua... | Ibn al-Haytham | 0.798502 |
86,854 | While it seems elementary enough, at the time the modern definitions did not exist, and when Cayley introduced what are now called groups it was not immediately clear that this was equivalent to the previously known groups, which are now called permutation groups. Cayley's theorem unifies the two. Although Burnside att... | Cayley's theorem | 0.798502 |
86,855 | In organic chemistry, two molecules are valence isomers when they are constitutional isomers that can interconvert through pericyclic reactions. | Valence isomer | 0.798502 |
86,856 | This process of simulated evolution eventually converges towards a nearly optimal population of individuals, from the point of view of the fitness function. The study of evolutionary systems has historically evolved along three main branches: Evolution strategies provide a solution to parameter optimization problems fo... | Cellular computing | 0.798501 |
86,857 | In software engineering, the active record pattern is an architectural pattern. It is found in software that stores in-memory object data in relational databases. It was named by Martin Fowler in his 2003 book Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. The interface of an object conforming to this pattern would i... | Active record pattern | 0.798501 |
86,858 | From the point of view of the Erlangen program, one may understand that "all points are the same", in the geometry of X. This was true of essentially all geometries proposed before Riemannian geometry, in the middle of the nineteenth century. Thus, for example, Euclidean space, affine space and projective space are all... | Homogeneous space | 0.798501 |
86,859 | The derivation of a useful equation for modelling the effect of eddy currents in a material starts with the differential, magnetostatic form of Ampère's Law, providing an expression for the magnetizing field H surrounding a current density J: Taking the curl on both sides of this equation and then using a common vector... | Eddy current | 0.798501 |
86,860 | Euler conservation equations, a set of quasilinear first-order hyperbolic equations used in fluid dynamics for inviscid flows. In the (Froude) limit of no external field, they are conservation equations. Euler–Tricomi equation – a second-order PDE emerging from Euler conservation equations. Euler–Poisson–Darboux equati... | Euler equations | 0.798501 |
86,861 | Bayesians share a common stance against the limitations of frequentism, but they are divided into various philosophical camps (empirical, hierarchical, objective, personal, and subjective), each emphasizing different aspects. A philosopher of statistics from the frequentist perspective has observed a shift from the sta... | Foundations of statistics | 0.798501 |
86,862 | Timeline of computational physics Lattice Boltzmann Models Intermittency Pomeau–Manneville scenario Pomeau-Manneville maps The stability of Boolean network Front Lattice gas automaton Logistic map Stellar pulsation Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis (HPP) model The physics of ice skating Lorenz system Saffman-Taylor Fingers Hénon-Pom... | Yves Pomeau | 0.7985 |
86,863 | In astronomy mass distribution has decisive influence on the development e.g. of nebulae, stars and planets. The mass distribution of a solid defines its center of gravity and influences its dynamical behaviour - e.g. the oscillations and eventual rotation. | Mass distribution | 0.7985 |
86,864 | In molecular biology, the linker histone H1 is a protein family forming a critical component of eukaryotic chromatin. H1 histones bind to the linker DNA exiting from the nucleosome core particle, while the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) form the octamer core of the nucleosome around which the DNA is wrapped.H1 for... | Linker histone H1 variants | 0.7985 |
86,865 | Actually, if H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is finite dimensional, then regardless of the group G {\displaystyle G} , every projective unitary representation of G {\displaystyle G} comes from an ordinary unitary representation of G ~ {\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}} . If H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is infinite dimen... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.7985 |
86,866 | Object–relational impedance mismatch creates difficulties going from data in relational data stores (relational database management system ) to usage in domain-driven object models. Object-orientation (OO) is the default method for business-centric design in programming languages. The problem lies in neither relational... | Object–relational impedance mismatch | 0.7985 |
86,867 | In mathematics, a bump function (also called a test function) is a function f: R n → R {\displaystyle f:\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} } on a Euclidean space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} which is both smooth (in the sense of having continuous derivatives of all orders) and compactly supported. The set of all b... | Test function | 0.7985 |
86,868 | Euclidean space R3 with multiplication given by the vector cross product is an example of an algebra which is anticommutative and not associative. The cross product also satisfies the Jacobi identity. Lie algebras are algebras satisfying anticommutativity and the Jacobi identity. Algebras of vector fields on a differen... | Quadratic representation | 0.7985 |
86,869 | BFGS also gives a solution that is symmetric and positive-definite: B k + 1 = B k + y k y k T y k T s k − B k s k s k T B k T s k T B k s k , {\displaystyle B_{k+1}=B_{k}+{\frac {y_{k}y_{k}^{\mathsf {T}}}{y_{k}^{\mathsf {T}}s_{k}}}-{\frac {B_{k}s_{k}s_{k}^{\mathsf {T}}B_{k}^{\mathsf {T}}}{s_{k}^{\mathsf {T}}B_{k}s_{k}}... | Maximum likelihood estimate | 0.798499 |
86,870 | Several scientific societies have created awards to encourage research in green chemistry. Australia's Green Chemistry Challenge Awards overseen by The Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI). The Canadian Green Chemistry Medal. In Italy, Green Chemistry activities center around an inter-university consortium known ... | Green Chemistry | 0.798499 |
86,871 | In graph theory, an independent set, stable set, coclique or anticlique is a set of vertices in a graph, no two of which are adjacent. That is, it is a set S {\displaystyle S} of vertices such that for every two vertices in S {\displaystyle S} , there is no edge connecting the two. Equivalently, each edge in the graph ... | Independence number | 0.798499 |
86,872 | A number of university degree (Bachelor's degree) programmes in Creative Computing exist, for example at: University of the Arts London Queen's University University of West London St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences Bath Spa University Falmouth University Goldsmiths, University of London Queen Mary, University o... | International Journal of Creative Computing | 0.798499 |
86,873 | Strategy video games are categorized based on whether they offer the continuous gameplay of real-time strategy (RTS), or the discrete phases of turn-based strategy (TBS). Often the computer is expected to emulate a strategically thinking "side" similar to that of a human player (such as directing armies and constructin... | Games of strategy | 0.798499 |
86,874 | The significance of semisimplicity comes firstly from the Levi decomposition, which states that every finite dimensional Lie algebra is the semidirect product of a solvable ideal (its radical) and a semisimple algebra. In particular, there is no nonzero Lie algebra that is both solvable and semisimple. Semisimple Lie a... | Root system of a semi-simple Lie algebra | 0.798498 |
86,875 | He also makes predictions for computer games, dismissing them as "the hula hoops of the '80s", and saying "already there are indications that the mania for twitch games may be fading." In a section of the book called "Microprocessors, or how I flunked biostatistics at Harvard", Crichton again seeks his revenge on the t... | Michael Crichton | 0.798498 |
86,876 | Minimizing (2) can be rewritten as a constrained optimization problem with a differentiable objective function in the following way. For each i ∈ { 1 , … , n } {\displaystyle i\in \{1,\,\ldots ,\,n\}} we introduce a variable ζ i = max ( 0 , 1 − y i ( w T x i − b ) ) {\displaystyle \zeta _{i}=\max \left(0,1-y_{i}(\mathb... | Support vector regression | 0.798498 |
86,877 | The Cauchy integral formula is generalizable to real vector spaces of two or more dimensions. The insight into this property comes from geometric algebra, where objects beyond scalars and vectors (such as planar bivectors and volumetric trivectors) are considered, and a proper generalization of Stokes' theorem. Geometr... | Cauchy integral formula | 0.798498 |
86,878 | From the point of view of classification of quadratic forms, anisotropic spaces are the basic building blocks for quadratic spaces of arbitrary dimensions. For a general field F, classification of anisotropic quadratic forms is a nontrivial problem. By contrast, the isotropic forms are usually much easier to handle. By... | Hyperbolic plane (quadratic forms) | 0.798498 |
86,879 | In mathematics (particularly multivariable calculus), a volume integral (∭) refers to an integral over a 3-dimensional domain; that is, it is a special case of multiple integrals. Volume integrals are especially important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass f... | Volume integral | 0.798498 |
86,880 | He earned his PhD in Water Chemistry from University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1992 and B.S. in Environmental Science from Cornell University in 1986. | David Sedlak | 0.798497 |
86,881 | He started a school of algebra which flourished for several hundreds of years". He also discovered the binomial theorem for integer exponents, which "was a major factor in the development of numerical analysis based on the decimal system". 975 – Mesopotamia, al-Battani extended the Indian concepts of sine and cosine to... | Timeline of mathematics | 0.798497 |
86,882 | This is the spin–orbit splitting (sometimes also referred to as subshell splitting or jj coupling). It is most visible with p electrons, which do not play an important role in the chemistry of hassium, but those for d and f electrons are within the same order of magnitude (quantitatively, spin–orbit splitting in expres... | Hassium | 0.798497 |
86,883 | In computer science, string interning is a method of storing only one copy of each distinct string value, which must be immutable. Interning strings makes some string processing tasks more time- or space-efficient at the cost of requiring more time when the string is created or interned. The distinct values are stored ... | String interning | 0.798497 |
86,884 | The "One Mind for Research" forum was a convention held in Boston, Massachusetts on May 23–25, 2011 that produced the blueprint document A Ten-Year Plan for Neuroscience: From Molecules to Brain Health. Leading neuroscience researchers and practitioners in the United States contributed to the creation of this document,... | Clinical neuroscience | 0.798496 |
86,885 | He authored the two volume classic, A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. He was the author of several articles in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, including Elasticity and Infinitesimal Calculus.His other awards include the Royal Society Royal Medal in 1909 and Sylvester Medal in 1937, and the London M... | Augustus Edward Hough Love | 0.798496 |
86,886 | In 1982 he obtained his second master's degree graduating in Roman philology from Adam Mickiewicz University. He was a scholarship holder of the French Government at the Université d'Aix-Marseille II (1984) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the Bielefeld University and the University of Paris VII (1987–1989)... | Zygmunt Vetulani (computer scientist) | 0.798496 |
86,887 | Chipmunk2D is a 2-dimensional real-time rigid body physics engine written by Scott Lembcke that is designed to be portable, lightweight, fast, and easy to use. Prior to version 7, two main versions of the library existed. Chipmunk2D Free was written purely in C99, and freely available under the terms of the MIT License... | Chipmunk (software) | 0.798496 |
86,888 | Lambert also devised theorems about conic sections that made the calculation of the orbits of comets simpler. Lambert devised a formula for the relationship between the angles and the area of hyperbolic triangles. These are triangles drawn on a concave surface, as on a saddle, instead of the usual flat Euclidean surfac... | Johann Heinrich Lambert | 0.798496 |
86,889 | In algebraic topology, the singular chain complex of a topological space X is constructed using continuous maps from a simplex to X, and the homomorphisms of the chain complex capture how these maps restrict to the boundary of the simplex. The homology of this chain complex is called the singular homology of X, and is ... | Cochain complexes | 0.798496 |
86,890 | Examination of museum specimens of the 'extinct' Seychelles subspecies by Dr. Justin Gerlach and Laura Canning confirmed that some living tortoises exhibited characteristics of the supposedly extinct subspecies. Some recently published scientific papers on the genetics of the Seychelles and Indian Ocean tortoises provi... | Seychelles giant tortoise | 0.798496 |
86,891 | In molecular biology, enzymes containing the cyclodeaminase domain function in channeling one-carbon units to the folate pool. In most cases, this domain acts as a formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase, which catalyses the cyclisation of formimidoyltetrahydrofolate to methenyltetrahydrofolate as shown in reaction ... | Cyclodeaminase domain | 0.798495 |
86,892 | Electroanalytical methods are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry which study an analyte by measuring the potential (volts) and/or current (amperes) in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. These methods can be broken down into several categories depending on which aspects of the cell are controlled... | Electroanalytical chemistry | 0.798495 |
86,893 | Fine moduli spaces are desirable, but they do not always exist and are frequently difficult to construct, so mathematicians sometimes use a weaker notion, the idea of a coarse moduli space. A space M is a coarse moduli space for the functor F if there exists a natural transformation τ: F → Hom(−, M) and τ is universal ... | Moduli theory | 0.798495 |
86,894 | This saw the growth in research concerning ecology's role in facilitating speciation — rightly designated ecological speciation. : 4 This focus on ecology generated a host of new terms relating to the barriers to reproduction (e.g. allochronic speciation, in which gene flow is reduced or removed by timing of breeding p... | History of speciation | 0.798495 |
86,895 | This compound is commercially available as a single enantiomer and the single chiral group present in this molecule is able to drive the entire sequence of organic reactions to a single optically active Taxol endproduct. The final step, the tail addition is identical to that of Nicolaou and is based on Ojima chemistry.... | Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis | 0.798494 |
86,896 | 1919 – Károly Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word biotechnology. 1928 – Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin. 1933 – Hybrid corn is commercialized. 1942 – Penicillin is mass-produced in microbes for t... | Timeline of biotechnology | 0.798494 |
86,897 | A lumped parameter cardiovascular model is a zero-dimensional mathematical model used to describe the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system. Given a set of parameters that have a physical meaning (e.g. resistances to blood flow), it allows to study the changes in blood pressures or fluxes throughout the cardiovascu... | Lumped parameter cardiovascular model | 0.798494 |
86,898 | Computer engineers work in coding, cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting various information, such as digital images and music, fragmentation, copyright infringement and other forms of tampering. Examples include work on wireless communications, multi-antenna systems, optical tr... | Hardware engineering | 0.798493 |
86,899 | Because the supermembrane(s) correspond to all particles at a particular causal time slice, it also corresponds to all the gravitons particles (which are particular vibrational modes). Thus the geometry of the 2+1D supermembrane contains within it the description of the geometry of the (macroscopic) 10+1D space-time. B... | Supermembranes | 0.798493 |
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