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87,700 | The calculation was discovered by J. Schwinger in 1948. Computed to fourth order, the QED prediction for the electron's anomalous magnetic moment agrees with the experimentally measured value to more than 10 significant figures, making the magnetic moment of the electron one of the most accurately verified predictions ... | Nucleon magnetic moment | 0.798329 |
87,701 | Any n-dimensional formal group law gives an n-dimensional Lie algebra over the ring R, defined in terms of the quadratic part F2 of the formal group law. = F2(x,y) − F2(y,x)The natural functor from Lie groups or algebraic groups to Lie algebras can be factorized into a functor from Lie groups to formal group laws, foll... | Formal Lie group | 0.798329 |
87,702 | In geometry, the triangular cupola is one of the Johnson solids (J3). It can be seen as half a cuboctahedron. A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms).... | Triangular cupola | 0.798329 |
87,703 | In many practical decision-making problems, the states s {\displaystyle s} of the MDP are high-dimensional (e.g., images from a camera or the raw sensor stream from a robot) and cannot be solved by traditional RL algorithms. Deep reinforcement learning algorithms incorporate deep learning to solve such MDPs, often repr... | Deep reinforcement learning | 0.798329 |
87,704 | Based at The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, she is currently one of three professors of chemical biology. Additionally, Professor Flitsch is an elected member of the Royal Society of Chemistry Council of the United Kingdom and a director of the spin-out company Bio-Shape ltd. Flitsch is also currently the Scien... | Sabine Flitsch | 0.798329 |
87,705 | Artificial intelligence, machine learning and natural language processing are being applied to machine learning tasks particularly those related to search, such as due diligence and discovery in litigation cases. : 133 Knowledge graphs are being applied to assist in the creation, management, and analysis of smart contr... | Legal technology | 0.798328 |
87,706 | Protein nanotechnology is a burgeoning field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field assimilated into pharmaceutical research to give rise to a new classification of nanoparticles termed protein (or protein-based) nanoparticles (PNPs). PNPs ga... | Protein nanoparticles | 0.798328 |
87,707 | The third case covers all 2-manifolds of constant negative curvature, i.e. the hyperbolic 2-manifolds all of which have negative Euler characteristic. The classification is consistent with the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, which implies that for a closed surface with constant curvature, the sign of that curvature must match th... | Uniformisation Theorem | 0.798327 |
87,708 | The Bueno-Orovio–Cherry–Fenton model, also simply called Bueno-Orovio model, is a minimal ionic model for human ventricular cells. It belongs to the category of phenomenological models, because of its characteristic of describing the electrophysiological behaviour of cardiac muscle cells without taking into account in ... | Bueno-Orovio–Cherry–Fenton model | 0.798327 |
87,709 | In mathematics, the classifying space for the unitary group U(n) is a space BU(n) together with a universal bundle EU(n) such that any hermitian bundle on a paracompact space X is the pull-back of EU(n) by a map X → BU(n) unique up to homotopy. This space with its universal fibration may be constructed as either the Gr... | Classifying space for U(n) | 0.798327 |
87,710 | Gary Martin is an American chemist and expert in the fields of both NMR spectroscopy and medicinal chemistry. He is a distinguished fellow at the Merck Research Laboratories. He is also a photographer specializing in the capture of images of lighthouses, especially under conditions of extreme weather. | Gary E. Martin | 0.798327 |
87,711 | Not all web traffic is welcomed. Some companies offer advertising schemes that, in return for increased web traffic (visitors), pay for screen space on the site. Sites also often aim to increase their web traffic through inclusion on search engines and through search engine optimization. | Web traffic | 0.798327 |
87,712 | While most of the expressions of the Ricci calculus are valid for arbitrary bases, the expressions involving partial derivatives of tensor components with respect to coordinates apply only with a coordinate basis: a basis that is defined through differentiation with respect to the coordinates. Coordinates are typically... | Tensor index notation | 0.798327 |
87,713 | The reason is, simply put, that solutions to such systems are asymptotic to a two-dimensional surface and therefore solutions are well behaved. While the Poincaré–Bendixson theorem shows that a continuous dynamical system on the Euclidean plane cannot be chaotic, two-dimensional continuous systems with non-Euclidean ge... | Classical chaos | 0.798327 |
87,714 | Benner has also founded the companies EraGen Biosciences and Firebird BioMolecular Sciences LLC. Benner and his colleagues were the first to synthesize a gene, beginning the field of synthetic biology. He was instrumental in establishing the field of paleogenetics. He is interested in the origin of life and the chemica... | Steven A. Benner | 0.798327 |
87,715 | In lattice field theory, fermion doubling occurs when naively putting fermionic fields on a lattice, resulting in more fermionic states than expected. For the naively discretized Dirac fermions in d {\displaystyle d} Euclidean dimensions, each fermionic field results in 2 d {\displaystyle 2^{d}} identical fermion speci... | Fermion doubling | 0.798327 |
87,716 | {\displaystyle \partial \Omega =\left\{(x,y):x^{2}+y^{2}=1\right\}.} If the disk is viewed as a set in R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} with its own usual topology, that is, Ω = { ( x , y , 0 ): x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 } , {\displaystyle \Omega =\left\{(x,y,0):x^{2}+y^{2}\leq 1\right\},} then the boundary of the disk is the ... | Boundary component | 0.798327 |
87,717 | Data assimilation combines numerical models of geophysical systems with observations that may be irregular in space and time. Many of the applications involve geophysical fluid dynamics. Fluid dynamic models are governed by a set of partial differential equations. For these equations to make good predictions, accurate ... | Mathematical geophysics | 0.798326 |
87,718 | Although attempts at a general introduction were made, the unit was only adopted in some countries, and for specialised areas such as surveying, mining and geology. The French armed forces' artillery units have used the gon for decades. Today, the degree, 1/360 of a turn, or the mathematically more convenient radian, 1... | Gradian | 0.798326 |
87,719 | Settlements (often as a point dataset) key infrastructure (e.g. road, rail, port, power and telephone infrastructure) Natural hazards (e.g. flood risk, volcanoes, seismic risk) Assessed disaster impacts and/or needs (e.g. infrastructure and communications damage, affected populations statistics, affected land area) Sat... | Common Operational Datasets | 0.798326 |
87,720 | Mostow rigidity holds (in its geometric formulation) more generally for fundamental groups of all complete, finite volume, non-positively curved (without Euclidean factors) locally symmetric spaces of dimension at least three, or in its algebraic formulation for all lattices in simple Lie groups not locally isomorphic ... | Mostow rigidity theorem | 0.798326 |
87,721 | The interest in the "universal phenomena" of cold atomic gases is still growing, especially because of the long-awaited experimental results. The discipline of universality in cold atomic gases near the Efimov states is sometimes referred to as "Efimov physics".In 2014, the experimental group of Cheng Chin of the Unive... | Efimov effect | 0.798326 |
87,722 | In molecular biology, SNORA5 (also known as ACA5) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines. | Small nucleolar RNA SNORA5 | 0.798326 |
87,723 | Hence, this framework corresponds to an interval endpoint and jumping to a new interval results in the realization type ( − 1 , − 1 , − 1 , 1 ) {\displaystyle (-1,-1,-1,1)} . Likewise, the third framework is corresponds to an interval endpoint with the realization type ( − 1 , − 1 , 0 , 1 ) {\displaystyle (-1,-1,0,1)} ... | Cayley configuration space | 0.798326 |
87,724 | It can be used to produce long-form content for organizations to automate custom reports, as well as produce custom content for a web or mobile application. It can also be used to generate short blurbs of text in interactive conversations (a chatbot) which might even be read out loud by a text-to-speech system. natural... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.798326 |
87,725 | An important class of examples, particularly in lattice cryptography, are given by the q-ary lattices. For a matrix A ∈ F q m × n , {\textstyle A\in \mathbb {F} _{q}^{m\times n},} we define Δ q ( A ) = { x ∈ Z n: x mod q ∈ A T F q m } , Δ q ⊥ ( A ) = { x ∈ Z n: A x = 0 mod q } {\textstyle \Delta _{q}(A)=\{x\in \mathbb ... | Dual lattice | 0.798326 |
87,726 | In mathematics, particularly in formal algebra, an indeterminate is a symbol that is treated as a variable, but does not stand for anything else except itself. It may be used as a placeholder in objects such as polynomials and formal power series. In particular: It does not designate a constant or a parameter of the pr... | Indeterminate (variable) | 0.798326 |
87,727 | Daniel Edward Koshland Jr. (March 30, 1920 – July 23, 2007) was an American biochemist. He reorganized the study of biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and was the editor of the leading U.S. science journal, Science, from 1985 to 1995. He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, th... | Daniel E. Koshland Jr. | 0.798326 |
87,728 | ), Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-63003-1, Zbl 0819.11044 Narkiewicz, Władysław (2004), Elementary and analytic theory of algebraic numbers, Springer Monographs in Mathematics (3 ed. ), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-21902-6, MR 2078267 Neukirch, Jürgen (1999). Algebraische Zahlentheorie. | Discriminant of a number field | 0.798326 |
87,729 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in medicine applies microscopic bubbles for imaging and therapy. Coalescence of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles is studied to prevent embolies or to block tumour vessels.In cloud physics the main mechanism of collision is the different terminal velocity between the droplets. The term... | Coalescence (physics) | 0.798325 |
87,730 | Further changes in blood flow can lead to decline in lung function. Emphysema is another disease of the lungs, whereby the elastin in the walls of the alveoli is broken down by an imbalance between the production of neutrophil elastase (elevated by cigarette smoke) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (the activity varies due to ge... | Alveolar septum | 0.798325 |
87,731 | At the same time, the methods of molecular mechanics, such as MM2 force field, were developed, primarily by Norman Allinger.One of the first mentions of the term computational chemistry can be found in the 1970 book Computers and Their Role in the Physical Sciences by Sidney Fernbach and Abraham Haskell Taub, where the... | Computational Chemistry | 0.798325 |
87,732 | Hero described a method, now known as Heron's method, for iteratively computing the square root of a number. Today, however, his name is most closely associated with Heron's formula for finding the area of a triangle from its side lengths. He also devised a method for calculating cube roots. He also designed a shortest... | Hero of Alexandria | 0.798325 |
87,733 | In molecular biology, small Cajal body specific RNA 4 (also known as ACA26) is believed to be a guide RNA of the H/ACA box class, since it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, conserved H/ACA-box motifs, and is found associated with GAR1. In particular, ACA26 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylati... | Small Cajal body specific RNA 4 | 0.798325 |
87,734 | A feedforward neural network is a type of artificial neural network. | Feedforward | 0.798324 |
87,735 | Synthetic biology aims at engineering synthetic biological components, with the ultimate goal of assembling whole biological systems from their constituent components. The history of synthetic biology can be traced back to the 1960s, when François Jacob and Jacques Monod discovered the mathematical logic in gene regula... | Natural computing | 0.798324 |
87,736 | A special case of Lie correspondence is a correspondence between finite-dimensional representations of a Lie group and representations of the associated Lie algebra. The general linear group G L n ( C ) {\displaystyle GL_{n}(\mathbb {C} )} is a (real) Lie group and any Lie group homomorphism π: G → G L n ( C ) {\displa... | Lie correspondence | 0.798324 |
87,737 | Andrew Adamatzky is a British computer scientist, who is a Director of the Unconventional Computing Laboratory and Professor in Unconventional Computing at the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Adamatzky is known for his research in uncon... | Andrew Adamatzky | 0.798324 |
87,738 | The Kakutani fixed point theorem can be used to prove the minimax theorem in the theory of zero-sum games. This application was specifically discussed by Kakutani's original paper.Mathematician John Nash used the Kakutani fixed point theorem to prove a major result in game theory. Stated informally, the theorem implies... | Kakutani fixed-point theorem | 0.798323 |
87,739 | Frameworks of grammar which seek to give a precise scientific theory of the syntactic rules of grammar and their function have been developed in theoretical linguistics. Dependency grammar: dependency relation (Lucien Tesnière 1959) Link grammar Functional grammar (structural–functional analysis): Danish Functionalism ... | Grammar framework | 0.798323 |
87,740 | Its Lie algebra consists of matrices of the form Z = ( z 0 w − z ) . {\displaystyle Z={\begin{pmatrix}z&0\\w&-z\end{pmatrix}}.} | Weyl calculus | 0.798323 |
87,741 | Given a projective space defined axiomatically in terms of an incidence structure (a set of points P, lines L, and an incidence relation I specifying which points lie on which lines, satisfying certain axioms), a collineation between projective spaces thus defined then being a bijective function f between the sets of p... | Collineation | 0.798322 |
87,742 | Materials science is a highly active area of research. Together with materials science departments, physics, chemistry, and many engineering departments are involved in materials research. Materials research covers a broad range of topics; the following non-exhaustive list highlights a few important research areas. | Material Engineering | 0.798322 |
87,743 | Gia Dvali is a well-known and highly respected figure in the Georgian scientific community. In recent years, he has been a frequent speaker at universities throughout Georgia, where he has shared his expertise and insights with students and faculty. He is widely recognized for his contributions to the field of theoreti... | Giorgi Dvali | 0.798322 |
87,744 | Radionuclides can be used to monitor processes such as DNA replication or amino acid transport. in physics and biology radionuclide X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is used to determine chemical composition of the compound. Radiation from a radionuclide source hits the sample and excites characteristic X-rays in the sam... | Radioisotope production | 0.798322 |
87,745 | Simcenter Amesim features: Platform Facilities graphical user interface, interactive help, supercomponents, post-processed variables, experiments management, meta-data, statechart designer Analysis Tools table editor, plots, dashboard, 3D animation, replay of results, linear analysis (eigenvalues, modal shapes, transfe... | Simcenter Amesim | 0.798322 |
87,746 | The Large Volume Detector (LVD) is a particle physics experiment situated in the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy and is operated by the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN). It has been in operation since June 1992, and is a member of the Supernova Early Warning System. Among other work, the detector should be ab... | Large Volume Detector | 0.798321 |
87,747 | The following discussion is a summary based on the introduction to Every Planar Map is Four Colorable (Appel & Haken 1989). Although flawed, Kempe's original purported proof of the four color theorem provided some of the basic tools later used to prove it. The explanation here is reworded in terms of the modern graph t... | Four Colour Theorem | 0.798321 |
87,748 | In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. In other words, it is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings. Wavelength is a... | Spatial period | 0.798321 |
87,749 | Toponogov's theorem affords a characterization of sectional curvature in terms of how "fat" geodesic triangles appear when compared to their Euclidean counterparts. The basic intuition is that, if a space is positively curved, then the edge of a triangle opposite some given vertex will tend to bend away from that verte... | Sectional curvature | 0.798321 |
87,750 | Magnetic reconnection in Earth's magnetosphere is one of the mechanisms responsible for the aurora, and it is important to the science of controlled nuclear fusion because it is one mechanism preventing magnetic confinement of the fusion fuel. In an electrically conductive plasma, magnetic field lines are grouped into ... | Magnetic reconnection | 0.79832 |
87,751 | A clonogenic assay is a cell biology technique for studying the effectiveness of specific agents on the survival and proliferation of cells. It is frequently used in cancer research laboratories to determine the effect of drugs or radiation on proliferating tumor cells as well as for titration of Cell-killing Particles... | Clonogenic assay | 0.79832 |
87,752 | In a small clinical study in humans published in 2008, epigenetic differences were linked to differences in risk-taking and reactions to stress in monozygotic twins. The study identified twins with different life paths, wherein one twin displayed risk-taking behaviours, and the other displayed risk-averse behaviours. E... | Behavioral epigenetics | 0.79832 |
87,753 | Cantor even sent one letter directly to Pope Leo XIII himself, and addressed several pamphlets to him.Cantor's philosophy on the nature of numbers led him to affirm a belief in the freedom of mathematics to posit and prove concepts apart from the realm of physical phenomena, as expressions within an internal reality. T... | Georg Cantor | 0.79832 |
87,754 | The first discussion of bulliform cells occurred in 1909 in the revised and expanded version of the Plantesamfund (Oecology of Plants) written by botanist Eugenius Warming for an English audience. One of the features he investigated was the phenomenon of leaf rolling in the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families and how he no... | Bulliform cell | 0.79832 |
87,755 | Successful experiments involving superpositions of relatively large (by the standards of quantum physics) objects have been performed. A "cat state" has been achieved with photons. A beryllium ion has been trapped in a superposed state. A double slit experiment has been performed with molecules as large as buckyballs a... | Quantum linear superposition | 0.79832 |
87,756 | Similarly, messages were delivered from a peripheral environment to the brain and then via the vagus nerve to the heart.In the Middle Ages, the German Catholic friar Albertus Magnus made contributions to physiology and biology. His treatise was based on Galen's cephalocentric theory and was profoundly affected by Avice... | Cardiocentric hypothesis | 0.79832 |
87,757 | The compounding corresponds to a Pólya urn scheme. It is frequently encountered in Bayesian statistics, machine learning, empirical Bayes methods and classical statistics as an overdispersed multinomial distribution. It reduces to the categorical distribution as a special case when n = 1. It also approximates the multi... | Dirichlet-multinomial distribution | 0.798319 |
87,758 | It might also indicate a new distribution strategy, new distribution partners, more extensive distribution, more intensive distribution, a change in geographical focus, or exclusive distribution. Similar techniques can be used by observing a competitor's search engine optimization targets and practices.A competitor's m... | Competitor analysis | 0.798319 |
87,759 | Partial differential equations". In 1926, Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon proposed the Klein–Gordon equation to describe relativistic particles. The first formulation of a quantum theory describing radiation and matter interaction is due to Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, who, during 1920, was first able to compute the coeffi... | History of mathematical notation | 0.798319 |
87,760 | Ethics of nanotechnology is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in nanotechnology and its impacts. According to Andrew Chen, ethical concerns about nanotechnologies should include the possibility of their military applications, the dangers posed by self-replicant nanomachines, and their use for surve... | Ethics of nanotechnologies | 0.798319 |
87,761 | {\displaystyle c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos \gamma .} This proof uses trigonometry in that it treats the cosines of the various angles as quantities in their own right. | Cosine law | 0.798319 |
87,762 | Scirus was a comprehensive science-specific search engine, first launched in 2001. Like CiteSeerX and Google Scholar, it was focused on scientific information. Unlike CiteSeerX, Scirus was not only for computer sciences and IT and not all of the results included full text. It also sent its scientific search results to ... | Scirus | 0.798319 |
87,763 | In organic chemistry, a 1,3-dipolar compound or 1,3-dipole is a dipolar compound with delocalized electrons and a separation of charge over three atoms. They are reactants in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.The dipole has at least one resonance structure with positive and negative charges having a 1,3 relationship which can... | 1,3-dipole | 0.798319 |
87,764 | Location – Absolute location – Point or an area on Earth's surface or elsewherePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Latitude – Geographic coordinate specifying north–south position Prime meridian – Line of longitude, at which longitude is defined to be 0° Longitude – Geographic coordinate that specif... | Outline of geography | 0.798318 |
87,765 | An infinitesimal rotation matrix or differential rotation matrix is a matrix representing an infinitely small rotation. While a rotation matrix is an orthogonal matrix R T = R − 1 {\displaystyle R^{\mathsf {T}}=R^{-1}} representing an element of S O ( n ) {\displaystyle SO(n)} (the special orthogonal group), the differ... | Infinitesimal rotation matrix | 0.798318 |
87,766 | standard notation See algebraic notation. starting square A piece's starting square is the square it occupies at the beginning of the game. Staunton chess set The standard design of chess pieces, required for use in competition. | Illegal move (chess) | 0.798318 |
87,767 | Another example is Cryptyc , due to Andrew Gordon and Alan Jeffrey, which uses Woo and Lam's method of correspondence assertions as the basis for type systems that can check for authentication properties of cryptographic protocols. Around 2002, Howard Smith and Peter Fingar became interested that π-calculus would becom... | Pi calculus | 0.798318 |
87,768 | Critics derided this as treating consumers like a "guinea pig" without sufficient notice due to lack of labelling.Berkeley, CA is currently the only city in the United States to regulate nanotechnology. Cambridge, MA in 2008 considered enacting a similar law, but the committee it instituted to study the issue Cambridge... | Regulation of nanotechnology | 0.798318 |
87,769 | The Reuleaux triangle may be constructed either directly from three circles, or by rounding the sides of an equilateral triangle.The three-circle construction may be performed with a compass alone, not even needing a straightedge. By the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem the same is true more generally of any compass-and-straigh... | Reuleaux triangle | 0.798317 |
87,770 | In solid state physics and physical chemistry, the fine electronic structure of a solid are the features of the electronic bands induced by intrinsic interactions between charge carriers. Valence and conduction bands split slightly compared to the difference between the various bands. Some mechanisms that allow it are ... | Fine electronic structure | 0.798316 |
87,771 | Another variation on the m-type filter was described by Hendrik Bode. This filter uses as a prototype a mid-series m-derived filter and transforms this into a bridged-T topology with the addition of a bridging resistor. This section has the advantage of being able to place the pole of attenuation much closer to the cut... | Image filter | 0.798316 |
87,772 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the truncated 16-cell honeycomb (or cantic tesseractic honeycomb) is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 4-space. It is constructed by 24-cell and truncated 16-cell facets. | Truncated 16-cell honeycomb | 0.798316 |
87,773 | In mathematical physics, n-dimensional de Sitter space (often abbreviated to dSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant positive scalar curvature. It is the Lorentzian analogue of an n-sphere (with its canonical Riemannian metric). The main application of de Sitter space is its use in general relat... | De Sitter space | 0.798315 |
87,774 | Let M {\displaystyle M} be a left module over a ring R {\displaystyle R} and M ∗ {\displaystyle M^{*}} the associated character module. The module M {\displaystyle M} is flat if and only if M ∗ {\displaystyle M^{*}} is injective (Lambek's Theorem). If M {\displaystyle M} is free, then M ∗ {\displaystyle M^{*}} is an in... | Character module | 0.798315 |
87,775 | Novo Nordisk have sponsored the International Diabetes Federation's Unite for Diabetes campaign.In March 2014, Novo Nordisk announced a partnership program entitled ‘Cities Changing Diabetes,’ which entails combating urban diabetes. Partnership includes University College London (UCL) and supported by Steno Diabetes Ce... | Novo Nordisk | 0.798314 |
87,776 | Networked games and simulation tools routinely use dead reckoning to predict where an actor should be right now, using its last known kinematic state (position, velocity, acceleration, orientation, and angular velocity). This is primarily needed because it is impractical to send network updates at the rate that most ga... | Pedestrian dead reckoning | 0.798314 |
87,777 | Grosz specializes in natural language processing and multi-agent systems. She developed some of the earliest computer dialogue systems and established the research field of computational modeling of discourse.Her work on models of collaboration helped establish that field and provides the framework for several collabor... | Barbara J. Grosz | 0.798314 |
87,778 | Areas of research covered in the journal include: advances in the understanding of systems involving one or more metal ions set in a biological matrix - particularly metalloproteins and metal-nucleic acid complexes - in order to understand biological function at the molecular level. Synthetic analogues mimicking functi... | Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry | 0.798314 |
87,779 | For example we have the relation basic in quantum mechanics: D x − x D = 1. {\displaystyle Dx-xD=1.} The subring of operators that are polynomials in D with constant coefficients is, by contrast, commutative. It can be characterised another way: it consists of the translation-invariant operators. The differential opera... | Linear differential operator | 0.798313 |
87,780 | The following are some important results about tame AECs. Upward categoricity transfer: A κ {\displaystyle \kappa } -tame AEC with amalgamation that is categorical in some successor λ ≥ LS ( K ) + + + κ + {\displaystyle \lambda \geq \operatorname {LS} (K)^{++}+\kappa ^{+}} (i.e. has exactly one model of size λ {\disp... | Tame abstract elementary class | 0.798313 |
87,781 | While posthumous nominations are not permitted, awards can occur if the individual died in the months between the nomination and the decision of the prize committee. The award in chemistry requires the significance of achievements being recognized is "tested by time". In practice it means that the lag between the disco... | Nobel Prize in Chemistry | 0.798313 |
87,782 | At the age of 12 he won a prize for translating Lucian of Samosata's Dialogues of the Gods from Ancient Greek to English. In the academic year 1839/1840, Thomson won the class prize in astronomy for his Essay on the figure of the Earth which showed an early facility for mathematical analysis and creativity. His physics... | Lord Kelvin | 0.798313 |
87,783 | François Viète's work on new algebra at the close of the 16th century was an important step towards modern algebra. In 1637, René Descartes published La Géométrie, inventing analytic geometry and introducing modern algebraic notation. Another key event in the further development of algebra was the general algebraic sol... | Algebra | 0.798313 |
87,784 | Grindhouse Wetware, biotechnology startup company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. KSEC Solutions, worldwide distributor and consultancy based in the United Kingdom. | Body hacking | 0.798313 |
87,785 | Science and Hypothesis (French: La Science et l'Hypothèse) is a book by French mathematician Henri Poincaré, first published in 1902. Aimed at a non-specialist readership, it deals with mathematics, space, physics and nature. It puts forward the theses that absolute truth in science is unattainable, and that many commo... | Science and Hypothesis | 0.798313 |
87,786 | Ritonavir was initially derived from a moderately potent and orally bioavailable small molecule, A-80987. The P3 and P2′ heterocyclic groups of A-80987 were redesigned to create an analogue, now known as ritonavir, with improved pharmacokinetic properties to the original.Full details of the synthesis of ritonavir were ... | Ritonavir | 0.798313 |
87,787 | (1992). Applied Statistics for Engineers and Physical Scientists. Macmillan, New York. | Robert V. Hogg | 0.798312 |
87,788 | Accounts of these notions may be found in the articles.One of the basic questions of CR Geometry is to ask when a smooth manifold endowed with an abstract CR structure can be realized as an embedded manifold in some C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} . Thus not only are we embedding the manifold, but we also demand f... | CR structure | 0.798312 |
87,789 | Demonstrations and proofs invoke an initial as if it were an axiom.The distinction between consequence and theorem holds for all formal systems, including mathematics and logic, but is usually not made explicit. A demonstration or decision procedure can be carried out and verified by computer. The proof of a theorem ca... | Laws of Form | 0.798312 |
87,790 | If Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } is a fixed signature, I {\displaystyle I} is an arbitrary (possibly infinite) index set, and ( A i ) i ∈ I {\displaystyle \left(\mathbf {A} _{i}\right)_{i\in I}} is an indexed family of Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } algebras, the direct product A = ∏ i ∈ I A i {\textstyle \mathbf {A} =\prod _{i... | Internal direct product | 0.798312 |
87,791 | MacArthur and Levins were the first to introduce the term 'limiting similarity' in their 1967 paper. They attempted to lay out a rigorous quantitative basis for the theory using probability theory and the Lotka–Volterra competition equations. In doing so, they provided the ultimate theoretical framework on which many s... | Limiting similarity | 0.798312 |
87,792 | The project web site states that the goals of DASCH are to enable new Time Domain Astronomy (TDA) science, including: Conduct the first long-term temporal variability survey on days to decades time scales Novae and dwarf novae distributions and populations in the Galaxy Black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries in out... | Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard | 0.798311 |
87,793 | The fundamental unit of sidereal time is the sidereal day, i.e. the time interval between two successive returns of the fixed stars to the local meridian, as viewed from a given location on the Earth's surface. sidereal year sky Everything that lies above the surface of the Earth, including the atmosphere and outer spa... | Thin disk population | 0.798311 |
87,794 | A bridge-parallel amplifier topology is a hierarchical combination of the bridged and paralleled amplifier topologies, with at least four single-ended channels needed to produce one bridge-parallel channel. The two topologies complement each other in that the bridging allows for higher voltage output and the parallelin... | Bridged and paralleled amplifiers | 0.798311 |
87,795 | The Gene Ontology Project is a major bioinformatics initiative with the aim of standardizing the representation of gene and gene product attributes across species and databases. The project also provides gene product annotation data from GO consortium members. FlyBase was one of the three founding members of the Gene O... | FlyBase | 0.79831 |
87,796 | Semidefinite programming (SDP) is an optimization subfield dealing with the optimization of a linear objective function (a user-specified function to be minimized or maximized), over the intersection of the cone of positive semidefinite matrices with an affine space. The objective function is an inner product of a matr... | Quantum approximate optimization algorithm | 0.79831 |
87,797 | 2369, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 80–94, doi:10.1007/3-540-45455-1_7, ISBN 978-3-540-43863-2, ISSN 0302-9743, MR 2041075 Fröhlich, Albrecht; Taylor, Martin (1993), Algebraic number theory, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 27, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43834-6, MR 1215934 Koch, Helmut (1... | Discriminant of a number field | 0.79831 |
87,798 | For instance, the planar graphs are closed under minors. Therefore, it would follow from the GNRS conjecture that the planar graphs have bounded distortion.An alternative formulation involves analogues of the max-flow min-cut theorem for undirected multi-commodity flow problems. The ratio of the maximum flow to the min... | GNRS conjecture | 0.79831 |
87,799 | Patterson grew up in Toronto and studied Chemical Engineering and Experimental Psychology at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1967. He did his PhD at the University of California, San Diego, in David M. Green's lab. The purpose was to develop a computational version of J. C. R. Licklider's (1951) "duplex theory... | Roy D. Patterson | 0.79831 |
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