id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
90,300 | Avner Ash; Robert Gross (2012). Elliptic Tales: Curves, Counting, and Number Theory. Princeton University Press. | Avner Ash | 0.797777 |
90,301 | The IDEAM is in charge of gathering and handling specialized information about the different ecosystems found in Colombia; it also establishes technical parameters to promote an adequate use of land use and planningThe institute is charged with obtaining, analyzing, processing and divulging information pertaining to hy... | Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia) | 0.797777 |
90,302 | During his undergraduate years, he received a University Gold Medal in both physics and chemistry. Slotin received a B.Sc. degree in geology from the university in 1932 and a M.Sc. degree in 1933. With the assistance of one of his mentors, he obtained a fellowship to study at King's College London under the supervision... | Louis Slotin | 0.797776 |
90,303 | In statistics, an additive model (AM) is a nonparametric regression method. It was suggested by Jerome H. Friedman and Werner Stuetzle (1981) and is an essential part of the ACE algorithm. The AM uses a one-dimensional smoother to build a restricted class of nonparametric regression models. | Additive model | 0.797776 |
90,304 | The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (abbreviated WTCCC) is a collaboration between fifty research groups in the United Kingdom in the field of human genetics. Established in 2005, the WTCCC aims to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to shed light on the genetic architecture of common human diseases.... | Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium | 0.797776 |
90,305 | The critical length depends only on the specimen geometry and the loading condition. The fracture toughness commonly K I C {\displaystyle K_{IC}} is determined by measuring the recorded fracture load of the test. This improves the test quality and accuracy and decreases measurement scatter.Two approaches, based on ener... | Wafer bond characterization | 0.797776 |
90,306 | Cyber security companies are adopting neural networks, machine learning, and natural language processing to improve their systems.Applications of AI in cyber security include: Network protection: Machine learning improves intrusion detection systems by broadening the search beyond previously identified threats. Endpoin... | Applications of AI | 0.797776 |
90,307 | The Caltech ERATO team developed a proposal for this XML-based format and circulated the draft definition to the attendees of the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology in August 2000. This draft underwent extensive discussion over mailing lists and during the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Syst... | Systems Biology Markup Language | 0.797776 |
90,308 | The idea of the "exometabolome" encompassing the components of the exometabolite pool was not introduced until 2005.Recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging have allowed for spatial localization of released metabolites. As the field of microbiology becomes increasingly more centered on microbial community structure... | Exometabolomics | 0.797775 |
90,309 | Bayes rules having finite Bayes risk are typically admissible. The following are some specific examples of admissibility theorems. If a Bayes rule is unique then it is admissible. For example, as stated above, under mean squared error (MSE) the Bayes rule is unique and therefore admissible. | Bayesian estimate | 0.797775 |
90,310 | Radiation therapeutic physics is also known as radiotherapy physics or radiation oncologist physics. The majority of medical physicists currently working in the US, Canada, and some western countries are of this group. A radiation therapy physicist typically deals with linear accelerator (Linac) systems and kilovoltage... | Medical biophysics | 0.797775 |
90,311 | 2. Topological graph theory is the study of graph embeddings. | Weighted graph | 0.797775 |
90,312 | Small energy saving works: thermostat or thermostatic valve, closing the protected volume, isolating the heating pipes, energy audit. Works for the production of renewable energy: photovoltaic panels, installation of solar collectors for domestic hot water and/or heating, micro-generation.The priority ranking of the wo... | Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment | 0.797775 |
90,313 | In statistics, marginal models (Heagerty & Zeger, 2000) are a technique for obtaining regression estimates in multilevel modeling, also called hierarchical linear models. People often want to know the effect of a predictor/explanatory variable X, on a response variable Y. One way to get an estimate for such effects is ... | Marginal model | 0.797775 |
90,314 | In geometry, the small stellated 120-cell or stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,5,3}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes. | Small stellated 120-cell | 0.797775 |
90,315 | excellent An excellent ring is a universally catenary Grothendieck ring such that for every finitely generated algebra the singular points of the spectrum form a closed subset. Ext The Ext functors, the derived functors of the Hom functor. extension 1. | Embedding dimension | 0.797774 |
90,316 | One example of a same for less alternative is when a manufacturing company reduces its total personnel (and thereby personnel cost) while still producing the same volume of goods. This can e.g. be achieved through centralization, automation or optimization of working processes. An example of a more for same alternative... | Operational efficiency | 0.797774 |
90,317 | In mathematics, dimension theory is the study in terms of commutative algebra of the notion dimension of an algebraic variety (and by extension that of a scheme). The need of a theory for such an apparently simple notion results from the existence of many definitions of dimension that are equivalent only in the most re... | Dimension theory (algebra) | 0.797774 |
90,318 | In mathematics, the absolute Galois group GK of a field K is the Galois group of Ksep over K, where Ksep is a separable closure of K. Alternatively it is the group of all automorphisms of the algebraic closure of K that fix K. The absolute Galois group is well-defined up to inner automorphism. It is a profinite group. ... | Absolute Galois group | 0.797774 |
90,319 | Taylor was criticized for his involvement in biotechnology issues at King & Spalding, FDA and Monsanto by organic farming advocates and other opponents of biotechnology who argue the safety of the products have been adequately reviewed by FDA. In addition, advocates in favor of organic food have attributed to Taylor's ... | Michael R. Taylor | 0.797774 |
90,320 | This reduces the chance of inadvertently introducing bugs. Both coarse-grained and fine-grained parallelism are possible. In irregular multi-physics applications which do not adhere solely to the SPMD mode of computation, as encountered in tightly coupled fluid-particulate systems, the flexibility of OpenMP can have a ... | OpenMP | 0.797774 |
90,321 | The completeness theorem is a central property of first-order logic that does not hold for all logics. Second-order logic, for example, does not have a completeness theorem for its standard semantics (but does have the completeness property for Henkin semantics), and the set of logically-valid formulas in second-order ... | Completeness theorem | 0.797774 |
90,322 | The universal property means that any ring homomorphism from k ⟨ t 1 , … , t m ⟩ {\displaystyle k\langle t_{1},\dots ,t_{m}\rangle } to a matrix ring factors through F n {\displaystyle F_{n}} . This has a following geometric meaning. In algebraic geometry, the polynomial ring k {\displaystyle k} is the coordinate ring... | Generic matrix | 0.797774 |
90,323 | The Genetic Discrimination Observatory (GDO) is a Montreal-based international network of researchers and other stakeholders who support the research and prevention of genetic discrimination (GD)—discrimination based on genetics or other predictive health information. Their headquarters are currently located at the Cen... | Genetic Discrimination Observatory | 0.797773 |
90,324 | Choong-Seock Chang is a South Korean physicist. Chang earned an undergraduate degree from Seoul National University in 1974, and pursued a doctorate at the University of Texas at Austin. After completing his studies in 1979, Chang undertook research in La Jolla and Carlsbad, California. In 1986, Chang was appointed a p... | Choong-Seock Chang | 0.797773 |
90,325 | Here he was involved in Marconi's critical experiments regarding submarine telegraph cables. In 1899 he was moved to Marconi's Hall Street Factory in Chelmsford. Later in 1900 he began lecturing in Physics and Electrical Engineering at University College, Nottingham. | James Robert Erskine-Murray | 0.797773 |
90,326 | In vector computer graphics, CAD systems, and geographic information systems, geometric primitive (or prim) is the simplest (i.e. 'atomic' or irreducible) geometric shape that the system can handle (draw, store). Sometimes the subroutines that draw the corresponding objects are called "geometric primitives" as well. Th... | Line primitives | 0.797773 |
90,327 | (2014). An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography (2nd ed.). doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1711-2. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.797772 |
90,328 | Aside from their synthetic utility, P450 enzymes have also been engineered to better understand their biochemistry. Based on the proposed catalytic cycle, an axially ligated thiolate moiety (cysteine) donates electron density to the metal center aiding in protonation of a ferric-peroxo anion intermediate (−O-O-Fe3+) wh... | Cytochrome P450 engineering | 0.797772 |
90,329 | In the scientific context, the term semi-empirical is used for qualifying theoretical methods that use, in part, basic axioms or postulated scientific laws and experimental results. Such methods are opposed to theoretical ab initio methods, which are purely deductive and based on first principles. Typical examples of b... | Sense perception | 0.797772 |
90,330 | O'Callaghan, Amy; van Sinderen, Douwe (2016). Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00925 Paul György; Robert F. Norris; Catharine S. Rose (1954). Bifidus factor. I. A variant of Lactobacillus bifidus requiring a special growth factor,... | Bifidus factor | 0.797772 |
90,331 | The main advantage of using TSK over Mamdani is that it is computationally efficient and works well within other algorithms, such as PID control and with optimization algorithms. It can also guarantee the continuity of the output surface. However, Mamdani is more intuitive and easier to work with by people. Hence, TSK ... | Fuzzy Logic | 0.797771 |
90,332 | A continuous-time process is called a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). It is named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov. Markov chains have many applications as statistical models of real-world processes, such as studying cruise control systems in motor vehicles, queues or lines of customers arriving at an... | Transition density | 0.797771 |
90,333 | The Graduate School of Informatics at Kyoto University was founded in 1998, incorporating four former departments of the Graduate School of Engineering: Electronic and Communication, Applied Mathematics and Physics, Information Science, and Applied Systems Science. It includes faculty from diverse disciplines, includin... | Kyoto University School of Informatics | 0.797771 |
90,334 | In 1983, as a result of their studies of computer models of neural networks, Crick and Mitchison proposed that the function of REM sleep and dreaming is to remove certain modes of interactions in networks of cells in the mammalian cerebral cortex; they called this hypothetical process "reverse learning" or "unlearning"... | Francis Crick | 0.797771 |
90,335 | The Smithsonian Transcription Center is a crowdsourcing transcription project that aims to assist with the preservation and digitization of handwritten material in the Smithsonian Institution. The Transcription Center cites five reasons why transcription matters: discovery, humanities research, scientific research, edu... | Smithsonian Transcription Center | 0.797771 |
90,336 | A typical Opus packet contains a single frame, but packets of up to 120 ms are produced by combining multiple frames per packet. Opus can transparently switch between modes, frame sizes, bandwidths, and channel counts on a per-packet basis, although specific applications may choose to limit this. The reference implemen... | Opus (audio format) | 0.797771 |
90,337 | In analytic geometry, the isoperimetric ratio of a simple closed curve in the Euclidean plane is the ratio L2/A, where L is the length of the curve and A is its area. It is a dimensionless quantity that is invariant under similarity transformations of the curve. According to the isoperimetric inequality, the isoperimet... | Isoperimetric ratio | 0.79777 |
90,338 | For example, a finite groupoid algebra is a weak Hopf algebra. In particular, the groupoid algebra on with one pair of invertible arrows eij and eji between i and j in is isomorphic to the algebra H of n x n matrices. | Antipode (algebra) | 0.79777 |
90,339 | The nervous system consists networks made up of neurons and synapses connected to and controlling tissues as well as impacting human thoughts and behavior. In modeling neural networks of the nervous system one has to consider many factors. The brain and the neural network should be considered as an integrated and self-... | Nervous system network models | 0.79777 |
90,340 | (1988). "A Sandwich Proof of the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman Theorem" (PDF). The Annals of Probability. | Asymptotic equipartition property | 0.79777 |
90,341 | Using these preliminaries, it is possible to investigate the effect of sample size on the standard errors of the mean and median. The observed mean is 3.16, the observed raw median is 3 and the observed interpolated median is 3.174. The following table gives some comparison statistics. The expected value of the median ... | Median-unbiased estimator | 0.79777 |
90,342 | Weissauer's theoremLet K be a Hilbertian field, N a Galois extension of K, and L a finite proper extension of N. Then L is Hilbertian. Proof using the diamond theoremIf L is finite over K, it is Hilbertian; hence we assume that L/K is infinite. Let x be a primitive element for L/N, i.e., L = N(x). Let M be the Galois c... | Haran's diamond theorem | 0.79777 |
90,343 | Astrobiology. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. | Monica Grady | 0.797769 |
90,344 | This now-famous paper was cited in Computing in Science and Engineering as being among the top 10 algorithms having the "greatest influence on the development and practice of science and engineering in the 20th century." He and Arianna subsequently introduced the configurational-bias Monte Carlo method for simulating p... | Marshall Rosenbluth | 0.797769 |
90,345 | A transfer function expresses the relationship between an input and an output of a network. For resistive networks, this will always be a simple real number or an expression which boils down to a real number. Resistive networks are represented by a system of simultaneous algebraic equations. However, in the general cas... | Non-linear circuits | 0.797768 |
90,346 | On December 31, 2009, the tax credit was reduced to $4,000.Tax credits to limit mobile source pollution can also be targeted at producers of particular products. For example, "Advanced Biofuel Production Payments" are available to "eligible producers of advanced biofuels," or for fuels derived from "renewable biomass o... | Mobile source air pollution | 0.797768 |
90,347 | GWI combines survey data from millions of panelists with advanced analytics and data science to provide professionals with audience insight. The platform collects data in demographics, online behavior, device access, media consumption, social media, and marketing touch points – after which it presents data through char... | GWI (company) | 0.797768 |
90,348 | While each advance in modern molecular biology has shaken the phylogenetic tree of Bilateria, advances in molecular biology techniques led to further data supporting the Articulata hypothesis but also led to the development of conflicting theories. Advances in confocal microscopy technology led to the discovery of embr... | Articulata hypothesis | 0.797768 |
90,349 | John William Mullin FRSc FIChemE FREng (22 August 1925 – 11 March 2009) was a Ramsay Memorial Professor of Chemical Engineering and world expert in crystallisation. | John W. Mullin | 0.797767 |
90,350 | The Grupo de Astronomía y Ciencias del Espacio (Group of Astronomy and Space Sciences, GACE-UV) is an astrophysics research group, part of the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) in the University of Valencia. It is located in the Parc Científic in Paterna, Valencia. | Grupo de Astronomía y Ciencias del Espacio | 0.797767 |
90,351 | A d {\displaystyle d} -dimensional framework ( G , p ) {\displaystyle (G,p)} of a linkage ( G , δ ) {\displaystyle (G,\delta )} is globally rigid in d {\displaystyle d} -dimensions if all frameworks in the configuration space C ( G , δ ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}(G,\delta )} are equivalent up to trivial motions, i.... | Geometric rigidity | 0.797767 |
90,352 | A chiral molecule is a molecular structure that is different from its mirror image. This property, while seemingly abstract, can have big consequences in biochemistry, where the shape of molecules is essential to their chemical function, and where a chiral molecule can have very different biological activities from its... | When Topology Meets Chemistry | 0.797767 |
90,353 | In mathematics, the Mordell–Weil theorem states that for an abelian variety A {\displaystyle A} over a number field K {\displaystyle K} , the group A ( K ) {\displaystyle A(K)} of K-rational points of A {\displaystyle A} is a finitely-generated abelian group, called the Mordell–Weil group. The case with A {\displaystyl... | Mordell–Weil theorem | 0.797766 |
90,354 | The Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA), (English: Institute of Polytechnic Science and Aeronautics) is a French private grande école in aerospace engineering located at Ivry-sur-Seine, Lyon and Toulouse, recognized by the French state since 2010, whose diploma has been accredited by the French Commissi... | Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées | 0.797765 |
90,355 | Many taxonomies are hierarchies (and thus, have an intrinsic tree structure), but not all are. Manually developing and maintaining a taxonomy is a labor-intensive task requiring significant time and resources, including familiarity of or expertise in the taxonomy's domain (scope, subject, or field), which drives the co... | Automatic taxonomy construction | 0.797765 |
90,356 | Homotopy equivalence is important because in algebraic topology many concepts are homotopy invariant, that is, they respect the relation of homotopy equivalence. For example, if X and Y are homotopy equivalent spaces, then: X is path-connected if and only if Y is. X is simply connected if and only if Y is. The (singula... | Homotopy | 0.797765 |
90,357 | Undoubtedly, institutions have to come up with appropriate mechanisms for impact measurement; such as did the students actually respond or attend the help sessions when invited. Refine: Academic analytics should also be made up of a process aimed at self-improvement. Statistics processes should be continually updated s... | Academic analytics | 0.797765 |
90,358 | Boehm was one of the first researchers that systematically approached the field of software productivity. His cost estimation model COCOMO - now COCOMO II - is standard software engineering knowledge. In this model, he defines a set of factors that influence productivity, such as the required reliability or the capabil... | Programmer productivity | 0.797765 |
90,359 | A positive constant function K ( x , y ) = c {\displaystyle K(x,y)=c\,} satisfies Mercer's condition, as then the integral becomes by Fubini's theorem ∬ g ( x ) c g ( y ) d x d y = c ∫ g ( x ) d x ∫ g ( y ) d y = c ( ∫ g ( x ) d x ) 2 {\displaystyle \iint g(x)\,c\,g(y)\,dxdy=c\int \!g(x)\,dx\int \!g(y)\,dy=c\left(\int ... | Mercer's theorem | 0.797764 |
90,360 | Among Stallings' contributions to 3-manifold topology, the most well-known is the Stallings fibration theorem. The theorem states that if M is a compact irreducible 3-manifold whose fundamental group contains a normal subgroup, such that this subgroup is finitely generated and such that the quotient group by this subgr... | John R. Stallings | 0.797764 |
90,361 | Vladimir Gilelevich Maz'ya (Russian: Владимир Гилелевич Мазья; born 31 December 1937) (the family name is sometimes transliterated as Mazya, Maz'ja or Mazja) is a Russian-born Swedish mathematician, hailed as "one of the most distinguished analysts of our time" and as "an outstanding mathematician of worldwide reputati... | Vladimir Mazya | 0.797764 |
90,362 | A JBW algebra is called a factor if its center consists of scalar operators. If A is a JB algebra, its second dual A** is a JBW algebra. The normal states are states in A* and can be identified with states on A. Moreover, A** is the JBW algebra generated by A. A JB algebra is a JBW algebra if and only if, as a real Ban... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.797764 |
90,363 | In geometric topology, a branch of mathematics, the Bing shrinking criterion, introduced by Bing (1952), is a method for showing that a quotient of a space is homeomorphic to the space. | Bing shrinking | 0.797764 |
90,364 | S-Nitrosothiols, also known as thionitrites, are compounds containing a nitroso group attached to the sulfur atom of a thiol, e.g. R−S−N=O. They have received considerable attention in biochemistry because they serve as donors of the nitrosonium ion, NO+, and nitric oxide, NO, which may serve as signaling molecules in ... | Carbon-sulfur bond | 0.797763 |
90,365 | Seok-Hyun "Andy" Yun (born December 29, 1969) is a scientist and technologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was born and raised in South Korea and received his B.S. (1991), M.S., and Ph.D. (1997) in Physics from KAIST in Korea. | Seok-Hyun "Andy" Yun | 0.797763 |
90,366 | In physics, the cluster decomposition property states that experiments carried out far from each other cannot influence each other. Usually applied to quantum field theory, it requires that vacuum expectation values of operators localized in bounded regions factorize whenever these regions becomes sufficiently distant ... | Cluster decomposition | 0.797763 |
90,367 | In numerical analysis, hill climbing is a mathematical optimization technique which belongs to the family of local search. It is an iterative algorithm that starts with an arbitrary solution to a problem, then attempts to find a better solution by making an incremental change to the solution. If the change produces a b... | Random-restart hill climbing | 0.797763 |
90,368 | There is a deeper preparation theorem for smooth functions, due to Bernard Malgrange, called the Malgrange preparation theorem. It also has an associated division theorem, named after John Mather. | Weierstrass preparation theorem | 0.797762 |
90,369 | Note that since the one-way wave differential operators commute for analytic functions by Clairaut's theorem, we could have equivalently set up our system of one-way wave equations so that we solved them in the opposite order. The usual second-order wave equation is sometimes called the "two-way wave equation" (superpo... | Linear wave equation | 0.797762 |
90,370 | In a decade, from 1990 to 2000, personal computers evolved from very expensive machines, complicated to operate and whose access was almost restricted to scientist and engineers and to technical university students, to indispensable household equipment. In spite of these advances, the undergraduate courses on offer wer... | E-engineering | 0.797762 |
90,371 | A book entitled Nanozymes for Environmental Engineering was published. A palladium single-atom nanozyme was developed for tumor therapy. A horseradish peroxidase–like nanozyme was developed for tumor therapy. | Artificial enzyme | 0.797762 |
90,372 | Riffle shuffles may be used to define the shuffle algebra. This is a Hopf algebra where the basis is a set of words, and the product is the shuffle product denoted by the sha symbol ш, the sum of all riffle shuffles of two words. In exterior algebra, the wedge product of a p {\displaystyle p} -form and a q {\displaysty... | Riffle shuffle permutation | 0.797761 |
90,373 | The basic marginal ratio statistics are obtained by dividing the 2×2=4 values in the table by the marginal totals (either rows or columns), yielding 2 auxiliary 2×2 tables, for a total of 8 ratios. These ratios come in 4 complementary pairs, each pair summing to 1, and so each of these derived 2×2 tables can be summari... | Evaluation of binary classifiers | 0.797761 |
90,374 | This is not much help however, because nobody has found a "really simple and natural construction of the monster vertex algebra".Wilson with collaborators found a method of performing calculations with the monster that was considerably faster, although now superseded by Seysen's abovementioned work. Let V be a 196,882 ... | Monster group | 0.797761 |
90,375 | If s is an infinite sequence word and w is a finite word, let μN(w) denote the number of occurrences of w as a factor in the prefix of s of length N + |w| − 1. If μN(w) has a limit as N→∞, we call this the frequency of w, denoted by μ(w). : 73 For a Sturmian word s, every finite factor has a frequency. The three-gap th... | Sturmian word | 0.797761 |
90,376 | Chi Epsilon (ΧΕ) is an American collegiate civil engineering honor society. It honors engineering students who have exemplified the "principles of scholarship, character, practicality, and sociability...in the civil engineering profession." As of 2023, there are 141 chapters, of which 137 are active, where over 125,000... | Chi Epsilon | 0.797761 |
90,377 | Alginic acid, or alginate, is extracted from brown algae. Its uses range from gelling agents in food, to medical dressings. Alginic acid also has been used in the field of biotechnology as a biocompatible medium for cell encapsulation and cell immobilization. Molecular cuisine is also a user of the substance for its ge... | Algae | 0.797761 |
90,378 | They succeeded in giving a combinatorial understanding of various algebraic and geometric questions in representation theory. Thus they introduced many new objects related to both fields like Schubert polynomials and Grothendieck polynomials. They were also the first to define the crystal graph structure on Young table... | Alain Lascoux | 0.79776 |
90,379 | The theorem states that for any complete varieties U, V and W over an algebraically closed field, and given points u, v and w on them, any invertible sheaf L which has a trivial restriction to each of U× V × {w}, U× {v} × W, and {u} × V × W, is itself trivial. (Mumford p. 55; the result there is slightly stronger, in t... | Theorem of the cube | 0.79776 |
90,380 | In elementary algebra, factoring a polynomial reduces the problem of finding its roots to finding the roots of the factors. Polynomials with coefficients in the integers or in a field possess the unique factorization property, a version of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic with prime numbers replaced by irreducible... | Factorization | 0.79776 |
90,381 | The phase-contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. It is one of the few methods available to quantify cellular structure and components that does not use fluorescence. After its invention in the early 1930s, phase-contrast microscopy prove... | Zernike phase-contrast microscope | 0.79776 |
90,382 | Walther Hermann Nernst (German pronunciation: ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won... | Walther Nernst | 0.79776 |
90,383 | Henk Barendregt developed the lambda cube as a means of classifying type systems along three axes. The eight corners of the resulting cube-shaped diagram each correspond to a type system, with simply typed lambda calculus in the least expressive corner, and calculus of constructions in the most expressive. The three ax... | Dependently typed programming language | 0.79776 |
90,384 | Chemistry International is a news magazine published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). According to its website, it was published in editions covering two months at a time. In 2017 the magazine began to be published quarterly. == References == | Chemistry International | 0.79776 |
90,385 | The Hamming graphs are interesting in connection with error-correcting codes and association schemes, to name two areas. They have also been considered as a communications network topology in distributed computing. | Hamming graph | 0.79776 |
90,386 | Another clean approach to the computation of some cohomology groups is the Borel–Bott–Weil theorem, which identifies the cohomology groups of some line bundles on flag manifolds with irreducible representations of Lie groups. This theorem can be used, for example, to easily compute the cohomology groups of all line bun... | Sheaf space | 0.79776 |
90,387 | Zuse introduced in his calculus an assignment operator, unknown in mathematics before him. He marked it with « ⇒ {\displaystyle \Rightarrow } », and called it yields-sign (German: Ergibt-Zeichen). Use of concept of assignment is one of the key differences between math and computer science.Zuse wrote that expression: Z ... | Plankalkül | 0.79776 |
90,388 | The Governing Board of the Eastern Analytical Symposium presents awards each year for outstanding contributions and achievements in general analytical chemistry and in five specific areas of analysis. The award inscriptions read, "In Recognition of Outstanding Achievements in the Field of -----". Analytical Chemistry M... | Eastern Analytical Symposium | 0.797759 |
90,389 | Roberto Poli of McGill University delivered a number of lectures entitled The unreasonable ineffectiveness of mathematics in cognitive sciences in 1999. The abstract is: My argument is that it is possible to gain better understanding of the "unreasonable effectiveness" of mathematics in study of the physical world only... | Unreasonable ineffectiveness of mathematics | 0.797759 |
90,390 | Today ... we have the standard model, which reduces all of reality to a dozen or so particles and four forces ... It's a hard-won simplicity remarkably accurate. But it is also incomplete and, in fact, internally inconsistent ... This boson is so central to the state of physics today, so crucial to our final understan... | Higgs Field | 0.797759 |
90,391 | As a consequence, ISC generally occurs on very long time scales. However, the El-Sayed rule states that the rate of intersystem crossing, e.g. from the lowest singlet state to the triplet manifold, is relatively large if the radiationless transition involves a change of molecular orbital type. For example, a (π,π*) sin... | Mostafa El-Sayed | 0.797759 |
90,392 | FluidIn physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They are substances with zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to the... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.797759 |
90,393 | The Deep Carbon Observatory's research considers the global carbon cycle beyond Earth's surface. It explores high-pressure and extreme temperature organic synthesis, complex interactions between organic molecules and minerals, conducts field observations of deep microbial ecosystems and of anomalies in petroleum geoche... | Deep Carbon Observatory | 0.797759 |
90,394 | Before that the atomic mass unit "amu" was defined as 1⁄16 the mass of 16O (physics) and as 1⁄16 the mass of O (chemistry). Thus the publication date in literature ought to be heeded when reading about the milli mass unit as its name does not reveal whether it refers to the old amu or the newer u. The mass excess is us... | Milli mass unit | 0.797759 |
90,395 | More importantly, it has a number of practical advantages that have helped move AI research forward. It provides a reliable and scientific way to test programs; researchers can directly compare or even combine different approaches to isolated problems, by asking which agent is best at maximizing a given "goal function"... | Artificial agent | 0.797758 |
90,396 | The following is the treatment of LSD found in the National Building Code of Canada: NBCC 1995 Format φR > αDD + ψ γ {αLL + αQQ + αTT} where φ = Resistance Factor ψ = Load Combination Factor γ = Importance Factor αD = Dead Load Factor αL = Live Load Factor αQ = Earthquake Load Factor αT = Thermal Effect (Temperature) L... | Ultimate stress design | 0.797758 |
90,397 | Using microchips in wild animals in biology began with fisheries studies to determine the efficacy of this method for measuring fish movement. Later, studies that use microchips to track wild animals expanded over the years, including researches on mammals, reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Compared with previous markin... | Microchip implant (animal) | 0.797758 |
90,398 | Some inverse problems have a very simple solution, for instance, when one has a set of unisolvent functions, meaning a set of n {\displaystyle n} functions such that evaluating them at n {\displaystyle n} distinct points yields a set of linearly independent vectors. This means that given a linear combination of these f... | Inverse problem | 0.797758 |
90,399 | In the project, his experiment is about the atom bomb’s ignition. As a academician in Chinese Academy of Sciences, he devoted himself to the measurement of electro-magnetic cascade shower and the study of particle detector with his group. During his career as a doctor tutor, he has instructed many outstanding scholars ... | Tang Xiaowei | 0.797758 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.