id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
90,200 | In the book that was published in 1572, entitled Algebra, Bombelli gave a comprehensive account of the algebra known at the time. He was the first European to write down the way of performing computations with negative numbers. The following is an excerpt from the text: "Plus times plus makes plus Minus times minus mak... | Rafael Bombelli | 0.797799 |
90,201 | 1996). Wolf is known for his work on shrinkage estimation of large-dimensional covariance matrices. While originally motivated by Markowitz portfolio selection, the linear shrinkage estimator he developed in collaboration with Olivier Ledoit has been widely adopted by other researchers in a variety of scientific fields... | Michael Wolf (statistician) | 0.797799 |
90,202 | Japan: Information Processing Society of Japan, The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering, The Association for Natural Language Processing Japan US: ACM, IEEE, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Association for Comp... | Hideto Tomabechi | 0.797799 |
90,203 | In physics, this would generate effective low- (or high-)energy Hamiltonians. As mentioned in the previous section, the difficult step is the computation of the generator S {\displaystyle S} of the SW transformation. To obtain results comparable to second-order perturbation theory, it is enough to solve the equation =... | Schrieffer–Wolff transformation | 0.797799 |
90,204 | She was born as Isabella Helen Lugoski in Detroit, Michigan, on December 2, 1921, the daughter of immigrants from Poland. She attended the local public schools, while at school, a female chemistry teacher led her to her pursuit of the field as a career. She attended the University of Michigan on full scholarship, where... | Isabella Karle | 0.797799 |
90,205 | Mónica Rodríguez Guillén is a Spanish astrophysicist and cosmochemist whose research includes the chemical composition of interstellar clouds including H II regions and planetary nebulae. She works in Tonantzintla, Mexico, as a researcher in the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE). | Mónica Rodríguez (astrophysicist) | 0.797799 |
90,206 | Note that the animated figures below show some oriented lines, but without any visual indication of a line's orientation (so two lines that differ only in orientation are displayed in the same way); oriented circles are shown as a set of oriented tangent lines, which results in a certain visual effect. The following ca... | Laguerre transformations | 0.797799 |
90,207 | The DF provides a measure of the results of congestion on a given stream. Video stream statistics such as: Instantaneous Flow Rate (IFR) and Instantaneous Flow Rate Deviation (IFRD). The measured IFR and IFRD confirm a stream’s nominal rate and, if not constant over time, gives insight into how a stream is being corrup... | Media Delivery Index | 0.797799 |
90,208 | CNE has also been put forwards as the null hypothesis for explaining complex structures, and thus adaptationist explanations for the emergence of complexity must be rigorously tested on a case-by-case basis against this null hypothesis prior to acceptance. Grounds for invoking CNE as a null include that it does not pre... | Constructive neutral evolution | 0.797798 |
90,209 | Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e.g. differentiable or subdifferentiable). It can be regarded as a stochastic approximation of gradient descent optimization, since it replaces the actual gradient (calcul... | Stochastic gradient descent | 0.797798 |
90,210 | In physics, coherence expresses the potential for two waves to interfere. Two monochromatic beams from a single source always interfere. : 256 Physical sources are not strictly monochromatic: they may be partly coherent. Beams from different sources are mutually incoherent. | Mutual coherence (physics) | 0.797798 |
90,211 | Aside from an essay regarding Goodwin's conception by Margaret Boden in 1980, the next appearance of ‘cognitive biology’ as a phrase in the literature came in 1986 from a professor of biochemistry, Ladislav Kováč. His conception, based on natural principles grounded in bioenergetics and molecular biology, is briefly di... | Cognitive Biology | 0.797798 |
90,212 | Lafferty served many prestigious positions, including: 1) program co-chair and general co-chair of the Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation conferences; 2) co-director of CMU's new Ph.D. Machine Learning Ph.D. Program; 3) associate editor of the Journal of Machine Learning Research and the Electronic... | John D. Lafferty | 0.797798 |
90,213 | ... Just teach evolution with a recognition that it's controversial ..." December 14, 2004, 11 parents, ACLU, Americans United and Pepper Hamilton LLP file lawsuit Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, lead plaintiff Tammy Kitzmiller, the mother of a ninth grader in the biology class. On December 20, the District v... | Timeline of intelligent design | 0.797797 |
90,214 | There had been a bit of confusion about the word "Hopf conjecture" as an unrelated mathematician Eberhard Hopf and contemporary of Heinz Hopf worked on topics like geodesic flows. (Eberhard Hopf and Heinz Hopf are unrelated and might never have met even so they were both students of Erhard Schmidt). There is a theorem ... | Hopf conjecture | 0.797797 |
90,215 | In August 2018, Toyota Tsusho began a partnership with Microsoft to create fish farming tools using the Microsoft Azure application suite for Internet of things (IoT) technologies related to water management. Developed in part by researchers from Kindai University, the water pump mechanisms use artificial intelligence ... | Microsoft | 0.797797 |
90,216 | In computability theory, admissible numberings are enumerations (numberings) of the set of partial computable functions that can be converted to and from the standard numbering. These numberings are also called acceptable numberings and acceptable programming systems. Rogers' equivalence theorem shows that all acceptab... | Programming system | 0.797797 |
90,217 | In June 2016, IUPAC published a declaration stating the discoverers had submitted their suggestions for naming the new elements 115, 117, and 118 to the IUPAC; the suggestion for the element 117 was tennessine, with a symbol of Ts, after "the region of Tennessee". The suggested names were recommended for acceptance by ... | Tennessine | 0.797797 |
90,218 | Levi holds a BSc (Hons.) in mathematical physics from Queen's University, and an MA degree in physics from Princeton University, where he studied string theory and cosmology. He also holds a PhD in war studies from King's College London where he was the SSHRC William E. Taylor fellow. | Michael A. Levi | 0.797796 |
90,219 | Generally, a semi-infinite set is bounded in one direction, and unbounded in another. For instance, the natural numbers are semi-infinite considered as a subset of the integers; similarly, the intervals ( c , ∞ ) {\displaystyle (c,\infty )} and ( − ∞ , c ) {\displaystyle (-\infty ,c)} and their closed counterparts are ... | Semi-infinite | 0.797796 |
90,220 | {\displaystyle x.} ) Evidently Lagarde was aware that Arab mathematicians, in the "rhetorical" stage of algebra's development, often used that word to represent the unknown quantity. He surmised that "nothing could be more natural" ("Nichts war also natürlicher...") than for the initial of the Arabic word—romanized as ... | Greek geometric algebra | 0.797796 |
90,221 | Nek5000 (BSD) Advanced Simulation Library (AGPL) Code Saturne (GPL) FEATool Multiphysics Gerris Flow Solver (GPL) OpenFOAM (GPL) SU2 code (LGPL) PyFR | Nektar++ | 0.797795 |
90,222 | Gmsh is a finite-element mesh generator developed by Christophe Geuzaine and Jean-François Remacle. Released under the GNU General Public License, Gmsh is free software. Gmsh contains 4 modules: for geometry description, meshing, solving and post-processing. Gmsh supports parametric input and has advanced visualization... | Gmsh | 0.797795 |
90,223 | The Onboard Manipulator System (Система Бортовых Манипуляторов), similar to the Space Shuttle's RMS, was developed at the Central Research and Development Institute for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics to support operations with payload. It could be operated both in manual and automatic modes. Buran-class orbiter cou... | First flight of Shuttle Buran | 0.797794 |
90,224 | The optimization problem for each time step is to minimize the electricity supply cost using the existing power plant fleet for all regions. After this regional dispatch, the exchange between the regions is carried out and is restricted by the grid capacity. This latter problem is solved with a heuristic procedure rath... | Open energy system models | 0.797794 |
90,225 | Another way to generalize Pontryagin duality to wider classes of commutative topological groups is to endow the dual group G ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {G}}} with a bit different topology, namely the topology of uniform convergence on totally bounded sets. The groups satisfying the identity G ≅ G ^ ^ {\displaystyle G\c... | Locally compact abelian topological group | 0.797794 |
90,226 | After graduating from Cornell, O'Neill accepted a position as an instructor at Princeton University. There he started his research into high-energy particle physics. In 1956, his second year of teaching, he published a two-page article that theorized that the particles produced by a particle accelerator could be stored... | Gerard K. O'Neill | 0.797794 |
90,227 | 1899 – Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok written while attending High School 1902 – First place in "Eötvös Loránd" 1907 – received his Doctorate Degree 1910 – promoted to "oberassistant" 1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers an... | Dénes Kőnig | 0.797794 |
90,228 | Slightly generalising the motivating example of Hilbert space effects, take the set of effects on a unital C*-algebra A {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {A}}} , i.e. the elements a ∈ A {\displaystyle a\in {\mathfrak {A}}} satisfying 0 ≤ a ≤ 1 {\displaystyle 0\leq a\leq 1} . The addition operation on a , b ∈ A {\displaystyle ... | Effect algebra | 0.797794 |
90,229 | The remaining 22 isolates all fall into a third, clearly distinct clade, labeled EMA, which comprises samples from Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Trees for the other 7 segments display a similar topology, with clades V1, V2, and EMA clearly separated in each case. Analyses of all available complete influenza (H5N... | H5N1 genetic structure | 0.797793 |
90,230 | The Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) at Stanford University, "seeks new solutions to one of the grand challenges of this century: supplying energy to meet the changing needs of a growing world population in a way that protects the environment. "Beginning in December 2002, GCEP is a 10-year, $225m research proje... | Global Climate and Energy Project | 0.797793 |
90,231 | Source: The notion of Computational Intelligence was first used by the IEEE Neural Networks Council in 1990. This Council was founded in the 1980s by a group of researchers interested in the development of biological and artificial neural networks. On November 21, 2001, the IEEE Neural Networks Council became the IEEE ... | Computer intelligence | 0.797793 |
90,232 | It is the conjugate prior for the precision (i.e. inverse of the variance) of a normal distribution. It is also the conjugate prior for the exponential distribution. In phylogenetics, the gamma distribution is the most commonly used approach to model among-sites rate variation when maximum likelihood, Bayesian, or dist... | Gamma distribution | 0.797792 |
90,233 | VNS systematically changes the neighborhood in two phases: firstly, descent to find a local optimum and finally, a perturbation phase to get out of the corresponding valley. Applications are rapidly increasing in number and pertain to many fields: location theory, cluster analysis, scheduling, vehicle routing, network ... | Variable neighborhood search | 0.797792 |
90,234 | In mathematics, a Kolmogorov automorphism, K-automorphism, K-shift or K-system is an invertible, measure-preserving automorphism defined on a standard probability space that obeys Kolmogorov's zero–one law. All Bernoulli automorphisms are K-automorphisms (one says they have the K-property), but not vice versa. Many erg... | Kolmogorov system | 0.797792 |
90,235 | FIRST Tech Challenge VEX Robotics Competitions FIRST Robotics Competition | STEM subjects | 0.797792 |
90,236 | These axioms are strong enough to imply the consistency of ZFC. This has the consequence (via Gödel's second incompleteness theorem) that their consistency with ZFC cannot be proven in ZFC (assuming ZFC is consistent). There is no generally agreed precise definition of what a large cardinal property is, though essentia... | Large cardinal | 0.797792 |
90,237 | In classical physics, the motion or rotation of a body in a particulate medium will normally be expected to result in momentum and energy being transferred to the surrounding particles, and there is then an increased statistical likelihood of particles being discovered following trajectories that imply removal of momen... | Superradiance | 0.797792 |
90,238 | This conjecture can be thought of as a first step to resolving the Poincaré conjecture, since the Lickorish–Wallace theorem says any closed, orientable 3-manifold results from Dehn surgery on a link. If a knot K ⊂ S 3 {\displaystyle K\subset \mathbb {S} ^{3}} has Property P, then one cannot construct a counterexample t... | Property P conjecture | 0.797791 |
90,239 | While the reactor protection system is designed to shut down the reactor, ECCS is designed to maintain adequate core cooling. The ECCS is a set of interrelated safety systems that are designed to protect the fuel within the reactor pressure vessel, which is referred to as the "reactor core", from overheating. The five ... | Boiling water reactor safety systems | 0.797791 |
90,240 | The most notable result is done by Crawley-Boevey, which solved the case of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } . Crawley-Boevey's theorem states that any pointwise finite-dimensional persistence module is a direct sum of interval modules.To understand the definition of his theorem, some concepts need introducing. An interv... | Topological Data Analysis | 0.797791 |
90,241 | "After resigning from Cetus in 1986, Mullis served as director of molecular biology for Xytronyx, Inc. in San Diego for two years. While inventing a UV-sensitive ink at Xytronyx, he became skeptical of the existence of the ozone hole. Thereafter, Mullis worked intermittently as a consultant for multiple corporations an... | Kary Mullis | 0.797791 |
90,242 | The cyano radical (or cyanido radical) is a radical with molecular formula CN, sometimes written •CN. The cyano radical was one of the first detected molecules in the interstellar medium, in 1938. Its detection and analysis was influential in astrochemistry. The discovery was confirmed with a coudé spectrograph, which ... | Cyanide radical | 0.797791 |
90,243 | Telerobotics, automation, and human supervisory control. MIT Press. Sheridan, T. B. | Supervisory control | 0.797791 |
90,244 | A normal modal logic L {\displaystyle L} is valid in the frame F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } , if all axioms (or equivalently, all theorems) of L {\displaystyle L} are valid in F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } . In this case we call F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } an L {\displaystyle L} -frame. A Kripke frame ⟨ F , R ⟩ {... | General frame | 0.797791 |
90,245 | Schwarzschild metric – describes the gravitational field outside a spherical, uncharged, non-rotating mass such as a star, planet, or black hole. Kerr metric – describes the geometry of empty spacetime around an uncharged, rotating black hole (axially symmetric with an event horizon which is topologically a sphere) Rei... | Outline of black holes | 0.797791 |
90,246 | The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship, is awarded once every two years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for "exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years a... | Faraday Lectureship Prize | 0.797791 |
90,247 | WinSAT in Windows Vista and Windows 7 performs the following tests: Direct3D 9 Aero Assessment Direct3D 9 Batch Assessment Direct3D 9 Alpha Blend Assessment Direct3D 9 Texture Load Assessment Direct3D 9 ALU Assessment Direct3D 10 Batch Assessment Direct3D 10 Alpha Blend Assessment Direct3D 10 Texture Load Assessment Di... | Windows Experience | 0.79779 |
90,248 | (Project MAC was renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science in 1976.) He spent a year at Caltech as a Fairchild Distinguished Scholar, working with Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, and was a Professor of Physics at Boston University for six years.Fredkin had formal and informal associations with Carn... | Edward Fredkin | 0.79779 |
90,249 | {\displaystyle \}.} For an n-dimensional manifold M we have that M n = M {\displaystyle M_{n}=M} and all other strata are empty. We are now ready for the definition of a stratifold, where more than one stratum may be non-empty: A k-dimensional stratifold is a differential space ( S , C ) , {\displaystyle (S,C),} where ... | Stratifold | 0.79779 |
90,250 | The Birch–Tate conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics (more specifically in algebraic K-theory) proposed by both Bryan John Birch and John Tate. | Birch–Tate conjecture | 0.79779 |
90,251 | He was Head of the Department of the Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Moscow State University, member of the Editorial Board of the Journal "Molekuliarnaya Biologia" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, winner of the State Prize of the former Soviet Union. Volkenshtein ... | Mikhail Volkenstein | 0.79779 |
90,252 | Power (physics)In physics, power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt, equal to one joule per second. In older works, power is sometimes called activity. | Glossary of engineering: M–Z | 0.79779 |
90,253 | Daphne Koller (Hebrew: דפנה קולר; born August 27, 1968) is an Israeli-American computer scientist. She was a professor in the department of computer science at Stanford University and a MacArthur Foundation fellowship recipient. She is one of the founders of Coursera, an online education platform. Her general research ... | Daphne Koller | 0.79779 |
90,254 | Games set in the future and combining elements of science fiction obviously are not constrained by historical accuracy or even the limitations of current technology and physics. Developers thus have a freer hand in determining a game's backstory and setting. Games that are set in outer space can also add a third, verti... | Real-time tactics | 0.797789 |
90,255 | In molecular biology, the cold-shock domain (CSD) is a protein domain of about 70 amino acids which has been found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Part of this domain is highly similar to the RNP-1 RNA-binding motif.When Escherichia coli is exposed to a temperature drop from 37 to 10 degrees Celsius... | Cold-shock domain | 0.797789 |
90,256 | A so-called Schmidt-Boelter Gauge has the same outward appearance as a Gardon Gauge, but employs different sensor technology. The Schmidt-Boelter has a plated constantan wire wrapped around an insulating chip. Both are heat flux sensors. | Gardon gauge | 0.797789 |
90,257 | Vahid Motevalli is the director of the School of Science, Engineering, and Technology at Penn State Harrisburg. Prior to joining Penn State, he was Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and Innovation and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee. In his... | Vahid Motevalli | 0.797788 |
90,258 | Die Grundlagen der Theorie des logarithmischen Potentiales und der eindeutigen Potentialfunktion in der Ebene (Teubner, 1887) An introduction to the study of the elements of the differential and integral calculus Cathcart, George Lambert, tr. (Williams and Norgate, 1891) | Carl Gustav Axel Harnack | 0.797788 |
90,259 | Konarka built photovoltaic products using next generation nanomaterials that were coated on rolls of plastic (Power Plastic). Konarka's nanomaterials absorbed sunlight and indoor light and converted them into electrical energy. These products could be easily integrated as the power generation component for a variety of... | Konarka Technologies | 0.797787 |
90,260 | The latest publication of Erdős, nearly 20 years after his death, proves that every integer has a representation in which all denominators are products of three primes. The Erdős–Graham conjecture in combinatorial number theory states that, if the integers greater than 1 are partitioned into finitely many subsets, then... | Egyptian fractions | 0.797787 |
90,261 | In organometallic chemistry, the Green–Davies–Mingos rules predict the regiochemistry for nucleophilic addition to 18-electron metal complexes containing multiple unsaturated ligands. The rules were published in 1978 by organometallic chemists Stephen G. Davies, Malcolm Green, and Michael Mingos. They describe how and ... | Addition to pi ligands | 0.797787 |
90,262 | The Collective Tuning Initiative is a community-driven initiative started by Grigori Fursin to develop free collaborative open-source research tools with unified API for code and architecture characterization, optimization and co-design. This enables the sharing of benchmarks, data sets and optimization cases from the ... | Collective Tuning Initiative | 0.797787 |
90,263 | In biology, the Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution states that this effect plays a dominant role in natural evolution. This has motivated researchers in the EA community to examine whether neutral mutations can improve EA functioning by giving populations that have converged to a local optimum a way to escape that l... | Genetic representation | 0.797787 |
90,264 | Journal of Logic and Computation 16 (2006), pp. 489–532. G.Japaridze, “Cirquent calculus deepened.” Journal of Logic and Computation 18 (2008), pp. | Cirquent calculus | 0.797786 |
90,265 | Lund, John; Bowers, Kenneth (1992). Sinc Methods for Quadrature and Differential Equations. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). ISBN 9780898712988. == References == | Sinc numerical methods | 0.797786 |
90,266 | The Astrobiology Center is based in Madrid, Spain, its Director is Víctor Parro García, and the Vicedirector is Francisco Najarro. The center is organized into several research and support units, and some of these are associated to Spanish universities, including the University of Valladolid and the Autonomous Universi... | Spanish Astrobiology Center | 0.797786 |
90,267 | Statistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research outside of the physical sciences, and also finds applications within the physical sciences, such as in statistical mechanics. Statistical methods are used extensively within fields such as economics, social sciences and biology. Quantitat... | Quantitative method | 0.797786 |
90,268 | In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be R 1 = 2 a + b 3 {\displaystyle R_{1}={\frac {2a+b}{3}}\,\!} The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. For Earth, th... | Authalic radius | 0.797786 |
90,269 | The PILOT-NIMIC office was located at Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA. The initial team comprised a project manager and five technical specialists - basically the same structure MSIAC shows today (see below). Soon after its foundation Canada joined the project in late... | Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center | 0.797785 |
90,270 | Note that this generalization of Ising model is sometimes called the quadratic exponential binary distribution in statistics. This energy function only introduces probability biases for a spin having a value and for a pair of spins having the same value. Higher order correlations are unconstrained by the multipliers. A... | Ising spin | 0.797785 |
90,271 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-5-7 heptagonal honeycomb (or 7,5,7 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {7,5,7}. It has seven order-5 heptagonal tilings, {7,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with inf... | Order-5-5 pentagonal honeycomb | 0.797785 |
90,272 | In molecular biology, SNORA18 (also known as ACA18) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines. | Small nucleolar RNA SNORA18 | 0.797785 |
90,273 | If the qs value is larger than the critical value qα obtained from the distribution, the two means are said to be significantly different at level α: 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 {\displaystyle \alpha :0\leq \alpha \leq 1} . Since the null hypothesis for Tukey's test states that all means being compared are from the same population (i.e.... | Tukey's range test | 0.797784 |
90,274 | Sometimes the exact form of a dot gain curve is difficult to model on the basis of geometry, and empirical modeling is used instead. To a certain extent, the models described above are empirical, as their parameters cannot be accurately determined from physical aspects of image microstructure and first principles. Howe... | Dot gain | 0.797784 |
90,275 | NaS batteries can be deployed to support the electric grid, or for stand-alone renewable power applications. Under some market conditions, NaS batteries provide value via energy arbitrage (charging battery when electricity is abundant/cheap, and discharging into the grid when electricity is more valuable) and voltage r... | Sodium–sulfur battery | 0.797784 |
90,276 | Regulatory frameworks for chemicals tend to be triggered by mass thresholds. This is certainly the case for the management of toxic chemicals in Australia through the National pollutant inventory. However, in the case of nanotechnology, nano-particle applications are unlikely to exceed these thresholds (tonnes/kilogram... | Regulation of nanotechnology | 0.797783 |
90,277 | The gravity model illustrates the macroscopic relationships between places (say homes and workplaces). It has long been posited that the interaction between two locations declines with increasing (distance, time, and cost) between them, but is positively associated with the amount of activity at each location (Isard, 1... | Trip distribution | 0.797783 |
90,278 | A good quote from J. Heer and B. Schneirderman paper is “visual-analysis systems can incorporate guided analytics to lead analysts through workflows for common tasks”.In 2016, vendors like Qlik and Tableau proposed guided analytics for exploratory data analysis tasks.Around 2018, guided analytics was mentioned by busin... | Guided Analytics | 0.797783 |
90,279 | Colorimetric assays use reagents that undergo a measurable color change in the presence of the analyte. They are widely used in biochemistry to test for the presence of enzymes, specific compounds, antibodies, hormones and many more analytes. For example, para-Nitrophenylphosphate is converted into a yellow product by ... | Colorimetric detector tubes | 0.797782 |
90,280 | Bioprocess Engineering is a specialization of Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering or Biological Engineering or of Agricultural Engineering. It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers a... | Bio-based products | 0.797782 |
90,281 | Ore's theorem is a result in graph theory proved in 1960 by Norwegian mathematician Øystein Ore. It gives a sufficient condition for a graph to be Hamiltonian, essentially stating that a graph with sufficiently many edges must contain a Hamilton cycle. Specifically, the theorem considers the sum of the degrees of pairs... | Ore's theorem | 0.797782 |
90,282 | The rational 2 × 2 matrices are split at all places. A quaternion algebra over the rationals which splits at ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } is analogous to a real quadratic field and one which is non-split at ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } is analogous to an imaginary quadratic field. The analogy comes from a quadratic field hav... | Quaternion algebra | 0.797782 |
90,283 | In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures the average of the squares of the errors—that is, the average squared difference between the estimated values and the actual value. MSE is a risk function, correspo... | Mean squared deviation | 0.797782 |
90,284 | According to «TechUp» rating, Proton-Electrotex is one of the winners in the category of companies with the greatest export potential in Russia. More than 70% of Proton-Electrotex power electronics are shipped to the EU and Asia including China, India, Germany, Italy.In 2018 quality management system and ecology manage... | Proton-Electrotex | 0.797781 |
90,285 | Research has lagged far behind other areas of medicine and psychiatry. There is a dearth of knowledge and of theories. There is evidence of heritability, both from family studies and molecular genetics. | Postpartum psychosis | 0.797781 |
90,286 | in 2020 in the total number of global AI-related journal citations. In terms of AI-related R&D, China-based peer-reviewed AI paper is mainly sponsored by the government. In May 2021, China's Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence released the world's largest pre-trained language model (WuDao). | Artificial intelligence industry in China | 0.79778 |
90,287 | Artificial intelligence (AI) was founded as a distinct discipline at the Dartmouth workshop in 1956, differentiating itself from the broader cybernetics field. After some uneasy coexistence, AI gained funding and prominence. Consequently, cybernetic sciences such as the study of artificial neural networks were downplay... | Cybernetics | 0.79778 |
90,288 | The reflectivity has advantages over silicon in neutron and high energy X-ray applications. Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. Germanium crystals are also used in X-ray spectrometers for the determination of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur.Germ... | Germanium whisker | 0.79778 |
90,289 | In topology, a branch of mathematics, the infinite broom is a subset of the Euclidean plane that is used as an example distinguishing various notions of connectedness. The closed infinite broom is the closure of the infinite broom, and is also referred to as the broom space. | Closed infinite broom | 0.79778 |
90,290 | With the launch of IBM Power10, the IBM XL C/C++ for AIX compiler has been modernized and re-branded to IBM Open XL C/C++ for AIX. IBM Open XL C/C++ for AIX 17.1.0 combines Clang/LLVM technology with IBM's industry-leading optimizations, which provides the following improved capabilities: Greater application performanc... | IBM XL C/C++ Compilers | 0.79778 |
90,291 | Ellen Lax, who obtained her doctorate in 1919 under Walther Nernst, was Runge's colleague there. There, in accordance with the company's products (light bulbs and radio tubes), she worked on heat conduction problems, electron emission in tubes, and statistics for quality control in mass production. On the last topic Ru... | Iris Runge | 0.79778 |
90,292 | The Dean number is typically denoted by De (or Dn). For a flow in a pipe or tube it is defined as: D e = 1 2 ( inertial forces ) ( centripetal forces ) viscous forces = 1 2 ( ρ D 2 R c v 2 D ) ( ρ D 2 R c v 2 R c ) μ v D D R c = ρ D v μ D 2 R c = Re D 2 R c {\displaystyle {\mathit {De}}={\frac {\sqrt {{\frac {1}{2}}\,(... | Dean number | 0.79778 |
90,293 | These sources include sunlight (solar energy) and other sources such as, wind, wave, biomass, geothermal and hydro energy. renewable energy certificates - Market trading mechanisms created through the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 in connection with the commonwealth government's mandatory renewable energy tar... | Glossary of environmental science | 0.797779 |
90,294 | Descartes' theorem is most easily stated in terms of the circles' curvatures. The signed curvature (or bend) of a circle is defined as k = ± 1 / r {\displaystyle k=\pm 1/r} , where r {\displaystyle r} is its radius. The larger a circle, the smaller is the magnitude of its curvature, and vice versa. The sign in k = ± 1 ... | Soddy circles | 0.797778 |
90,295 | Inhibitory potency may further be enhanced by the incorporation of hydrophobic substituent, such as phenyl group at the P1’ position. P1’ substituents with S-stereochemistry have also been shown to possess greater inhibitory potency than their R-counterparts.Keto-ACE was used as the basis for the design of ketomethylen... | Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors | 0.797778 |
90,296 | In statistical physics, the BBGKY hierarchy (Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy, sometimes called Bogoliubov hierarchy) is a set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of a large number of interacting particles. The equation for an s-particle distribution function (probability density function) in ... | BBGKY hierarchy | 0.797778 |
90,297 | In quantum chemistry, the electron localization function (ELF) is a measure of the likelihood of finding an electron in the neighborhood space of a reference electron located at a given point and with the same spin. Physically, this measures the extent of spatial localization of the reference electron and provides a me... | Electron localization function | 0.797778 |
90,298 | They have almost similar subjects like PT graduation course in developed countries and can practice either independently or multidisciplines. However, due to lack of National Council the syllabus of BPT varies from state to state in the country. After the graduation Physiotherapist (PTs') could go for further specializ... | Physical therapy education | 0.797777 |
90,299 | Shaded relief is a depiction of the surface as if it were a three dimensional model lit from a given direction, which is very commonly used in maps.Most of these are generated using algorithms that are discrete simplifications of vector calculus. Slope, aspect, and surface curvature in terrain analysis are all derived ... | Geographic Information Systems | 0.797777 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.