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90,100 | The periods can be extended to exponential periods by permitting the integrand Q {\displaystyle Q} to be the product of an algebraic function and the exponential of an algebraic function. This extension includes all algebraic powers of e, the gamma function of rational arguments, and values of Bessel functions. Kontsev... | Period (algebraic geometry) | 0.797819 |
90,101 | In electrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a type of potentiodynamic measurement. In a cyclic voltammetry experiment, the working electrode potential is ramped linearly versus time. Unlike in linear sweep voltammetry, after the set potential is reached in a CV experiment, the working electrode's potential is rampe... | Cyclic Voltammetry | 0.797819 |
90,102 | Bowknegt specializes in the mathematical foundations of String Theory and Conformal Field Theory. According to his web site at ANU, his specific interests are "the investigation of mathematical aspects of physical theories, in particular quantum field theories. Main expertise is the structure of two-dimensional conform... | Peter Bouwknegt | 0.797819 |
90,103 | David Hilbert himself devoted much of his research to the sixth problem; in particular, he worked in those fields of physics that arose after he stated the problem. In the 1910s, celestial mechanics evolved into general relativity. Hilbert and Emmy Noether corresponded extensively with Albert Einstein on the formulatio... | Hilbert's sixth problem | 0.797819 |
90,104 | For an arbitrary variety X of general type, Demailly showed that every holomorphic map C→ X satisfies some (in fact, many) algebraic differential equations.In the opposite direction, Kobayashi conjectured that the Kobayashi pseudometric is identically zero for Calabi–Yau manifolds. This is true in the case of K3 surfac... | Kobayashi metric | 0.797819 |
90,105 | The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been interested in biology (e.g., Aristotle, Descartes, and Kant), philoso... | Philosophy of biology | 0.797819 |
90,106 | An electronic ballast uses solid state electronic circuitry to provide the proper starting and operating electrical conditions to power discharge lamps. An electronic ballast can be smaller and lighter than a comparably rated magnetic one. An electronic ballast is usually quieter than a magnetic one, which produces a l... | Ballast resistor | 0.797819 |
90,107 | Thomas Neal Farris is an American aerospace engineering professor and university administrator. He is known for his research on mechanics of fretting fatigue. Tom Farris was the Dean of Rutgers School of Engineering from 2009-2022. He served as the Head of Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics from 1... | Thomas N. Farris | 0.797819 |
90,108 | Statistics is often taught in departments of mathematics or in departments of mathematical sciences. At the undergraduate level, statistics is often taught as a service course. | Statistical education | 0.797819 |
90,109 | Saharon Shelah's unstable formula theorem in model theory characterizes the stable theories (complete theories that have few types) by the nonexistence of countably infinite half graphs. Shelah defines a complete theory as having the order property if there exist a model M {\displaystyle M} of the theory, a formula ϕ (... | Half graph | 0.797818 |
90,110 | He left the army in 1891. He spent the rest of his life studying number theory. He applied his expertise to finding factors of large numbers of the form an ± bn, such as Mersenne numbers ( 2 p − 1 {\displaystyle 2^{p}-1} ) and Fermat numbers ( 2 2 n + 1 {\displaystyle 2^{2^{n}}+1} ) which have b = 1. His work is contin... | Allan J. C. Cunningham | 0.797818 |
90,111 | Per Vilhelm Brüel (6 March 1915 – 2 April 2015) was a Danish physicist and engineer who pioneered and made fundamental contributions to the development of the physics of sound and vibration. He also formed and founded the world's largest manufacturer and supplier of sound and vibration measurement equipment, systems an... | Per Vilhelm Brüel | 0.797818 |
90,112 | With the invention of bubble chambers and spark chambers in the 1950s, experimental particle physics discovered a large and ever-growing number of particles called hadrons. It seemed that such a large number of particles could not all be fundamental. | History of electromagnetic theory | 0.797818 |
90,113 | The Kervaire invariant is the Arf invariant of the quadratic form determined by the framing on the middle-dimensional Z / 2 Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} /2\mathbb {Z} } -coefficient homology group q: H 2 m + 1 ( M ; Z / 2 Z ) → Z / 2 Z , {\displaystyle q\colon H_{2m+1}(M;\mathbb {Z} /2\mathbb {Z} )\to \mathbb {Z} /2\ma... | Kervaire invariant problem | 0.797817 |
90,114 | The 2.4.x release series had a less clear set of goals than earlier releases. The unit system rewrite was postponed again, and the branch that became 2.4 was created to keep risky commits from 2.2 to stabilize it. Mostly these risky commits were more involved improvements to the new platforms, Mac PowerPC 64, Mac x86-6... | Free Pascal Compiler | 0.797817 |
90,115 | Properties and parameters based on the idea of connectedness often involve the word connectivity. For example, in graph theory, a connected graph is one from which we must remove at least one vertex to create a disconnected graph. In recognition of this, such graphs are also said to be 1-connected. Similarly, a graph i... | Connectedness | 0.797817 |
90,116 | He has presented his thoughts on his studies and work in the joint blog 375 Humanists.Timo Honkela conducted research on several areas related to knowledge engineering, cognitive modeling and natural language processing. Honkela was born in Kalajoki. From 1998 to 2000 he worked as a professor in the Aalto Media Lab. | Timo Honkela | 0.797817 |
90,117 | Wigner introduced the thought experiment in a 1961 article "Remarks on the Mind-Body Question". He begins by noting that most physicists in the then-recent past had been thoroughgoing materialists who would insist that "mind" or "soul" are illusory, and that nature is fundamentally deterministic. He argues that quantum... | Wigner's friend | 0.797817 |
90,118 | Note that no averaging over initial states whatsoever has been performed, nor has anything resembling the H-theorem been invoked. Additionally, one can also derive the appropriate Bose–Einstein or Fermi–Dirac distributions, if one imposes the appropriate commutation relations for the particles comprising the gas.Curren... | Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis | 0.797817 |
90,119 | For many problems in applied linear algebra, it is useful to adopt the perspective of a matrix as being a concatenation of column vectors. For example, when solving the linear system x = A − 1 b {\displaystyle x=A^{-1}b} , rather than understanding x as the product of A − 1 {\displaystyle A^{-1}} with b, it is helpful ... | Matrix computation | 0.797816 |
90,120 | In mathematics, and more particularly in number theory, primorial, denoted by "#", is a function from natural numbers to natural numbers similar to the factorial function, but rather than successively multiplying positive integers, the function only multiplies prime numbers. The name "primorial", coined by Harvey Dubne... | Primorial | 0.797816 |
90,121 | Biology – Species: The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million species have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure. Genocide: Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 milli... | Order of magnitude (numbers) | 0.797816 |
90,122 | The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of Germany for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union. The NUTS standard is instrumental in delivering the European Union's Structural Funds. The NUTS code for ... | NUTS statistical regions of Germany | 0.797816 |
90,123 | The Port d'Informació Científica (Catalan for "Scientific Information Port") is a research center and institution at the campus of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Founded in 2003, its activity has been closely related to the development and exploitation of computing resources for the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid... | Computer Vision Center | 0.797815 |
90,124 | It is often convenient for analytical purposes to replace this capacitance with a combination of one input-to-ground capacitance and one output-to-ground capacitance; the original configuration – including the input-to-output capacitance – is often referred to as a pi-configuration. Miller's theorem can be used to effe... | Capacitance | 0.797815 |
90,125 | Supposing latter true, then 2p+1 = (21/2(p + 1))2 ≡ −2 (mod q), so −2 would be a quadratic residue mod q. However, since p is congruent to 3 (mod 4), q is congruent to 7 (mod 8) and therefore 2 is a quadratic residue mod q. Also since q is congruent to 3 (mod 4), −1 is a quadratic nonresidue mod q, so −2 is the product... | Mersenne primes | 0.797815 |
90,126 | In mathematical optimization, constrained optimization (in some contexts called constraint optimization) is the process of optimizing an objective function with respect to some variables in the presence of constraints on those variables. The objective function is either a cost function or energy function, which is to b... | Constrained minimisation | 0.797815 |
90,127 | student, he first proposed electron spin after hearing Wolfgang Pauli in Tübingen. Werner Heisenberg and Pauli immediately hated the idea: They had just ruled out all imaginable actions from quantum mechanics. Now Kronig was proposing to set the electron rotating in space. | Spin number | 0.797814 |
90,128 | RGD's Phenotypes and Models portal focuses on strains, phenotypes and the rat as a model organism for physiology and disease. Genetic Models: It is the place where all the genomically modified rats (mutant strains and transgenic strains) are listed in a table format for quick access by affected genes, background strain... | Rat Genome Database | 0.797814 |
90,129 | As the modern workplace becomes more complex, it is likely that rostering will need to be more flexible to cater to more individualistic preferences. Artificial intelligence also looks to play a bigger role in scheduling software, requiring less oversight by management to correct issues. | Employee scheduling software | 0.797814 |
90,130 | FLASH, acronym of Free Electron LASer in Hamburg, is a superconducting particle accelerator-based soft X-ray free-electron laser located at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg, Germany. It can generate very powerful, ultrashort pulses (~10−14 s) of coherent radiation in the energy range from 10 eV (electronv... | FLASH | 0.797814 |
90,131 | The Helmholtz free energy is defined as where F is the Helmholtz free energy (sometimes also called A, particularly in the field of chemistry) (SI: joules, CGS: ergs), U is the internal energy of the system (SI: joules, CGS: ergs), T is the absolute temperature (kelvins) of the surroundings, modelled as a heat bath, S ... | Helmholtz free energy | 0.797814 |
90,132 | (Johnson) Let X {\displaystyle X} be a set, let A {\displaystyle {\cal {A}}} be a sigma-algebra on X , {\displaystyle X,} let μ {\displaystyle \mu } be a measure on A , {\displaystyle {\cal {A}},} let Y {\displaystyle Y} be a set, let B {\displaystyle {\cal {B}}} be a sigma-algebra on Y , {\displaystyle Y,} and let ν {... | Positive measure | 0.797814 |
90,133 | In 2004 Richard Jones wrote Soft Machines (nanotechnology and life), a book for lay audiences published by Oxford University. In this book he describes radical nanotechnology (as advocated by Drexler) as a deterministic/mechanistic idea of nano engineered machines that does not take into account the nanoscale challenge... | Molecular Nanotechnology | 0.797814 |
90,134 | Additionally, recall that an eigenvalue's algebraic multiplicity cannot exceed n. To prove the inequality γ A ( λ ) ≤ μ A ( λ ) {\displaystyle \gamma _{A}(\lambda )\leq \mu _{A}(\lambda )} , consider how the definition of geometric multiplicity implies the existence of γ A ( λ ) {\displaystyle \gamma _{A}(\lambda )} or... | Eigenvalue, eigenvector, and eigenspace | 0.797814 |
90,135 | Widespread public outcry in the United States, partly communicated to Congress by postage-paid postcards supplied in the packaging of sweetened soft drinks, led to the retention of saccharin, despite its violation of the Delaney clause. However, in 2000, saccharin was found to be carcinogenic in rats due only to their ... | Bulking agents | 0.797813 |
90,136 | A. G. McKendrick Applications of mathematics to medical problems Kapil Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, vol 44, (1925–6), pp. 1–34. Reprinted with commentary in S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Editors) (1997) Breakthroughs in Statistics: Volume III New York Springer. W. O. Kermack; A. G. McKendrick “A Contri... | Anderson Gray McKendrick | 0.797813 |
90,137 | The Bio-e platform utilizes expertise in electron-transfer chemistry to modulate key biological processes beyond the reach of current drug development approaches. The lead compounds from the Bio-e platform, PTC743 and PTC857, target the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase – a key enzymatic hub that regulates the inflammation and ox... | PTC Therapeutics | 0.797813 |
90,138 | Under perfusion limitation, the instantaneous rate of entry for the quantity of drug in a compartment is simply equal to (blood) volumetric flow rate through the organ times the incoming blood concentration. In that case; for a generic compartment i, the differential equation for the quantity Qi of substance, which def... | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling | 0.797813 |
90,139 | The Szilassi polyhedron is named after Hungarian mathematician Lajos Szilassi, who discovered it in 1977. The dual to the Szilassi polyhedron, the Császár polyhedron, was discovered earlier by Ákos Császár (1949); it has seven vertices, 21 edges connecting every pair of vertices, and 14 triangular faces. Like the Szila... | Szilassi polyhedron | 0.797813 |
90,140 | The problem of finding the power has no solution unless ( X , τ ) {\displaystyle (X,\tau )} is locally compact. However, if searching for a convergence instead of a topology, then there always exists a convergence that solves this problem (even without local compactness). In other words, the category of topological spa... | Convergence space | 0.797813 |
90,141 | One direction of this characterization follows easily from the original definition of perfect: the number of vertices in any graph equals the sum of the sizes of the color classes in an optimal coloring, and is less than or equal to the number of colors multiplied by the independence number. In a perfect graph, the num... | Perfect graph | 0.797812 |
90,142 | For instance, the production function in economics ties together inputs and outputs in physical terms. When a system is represented as an equilibrium or an optimization model, the original and conjugated parameters are stated explicitly; in economics, they are products (resources) and prices, respectively.9 Determinist... | Predispositioning theory | 0.797812 |
90,143 | The development of molecular genetics has revealed the record of evolution left in organisms' genomes: dating when species diverged through the molecular clock produced by mutations. For example, these DNA sequence comparisons have revealed that humans and chimpanzees share 98% of their genomes and analysing the few ar... | Basal animal | 0.797812 |
90,144 | These structures are represented by groups covering lagged dependent variables and groups of lags for a single (high-frequency) covariate. To that end, the machine learning MIDAS approach exploits the sparse-group LASSO (sg-LASSO) regularization that accommodates conveniently such structures. The attractive feature of ... | Mixed-data sampling | 0.797812 |
90,145 | These criteria are determined empirically, typically by estimating the level of weld quality expected from a skilled welder. While these criteria have been reliable historically, improvements made in welding technology and materials science are not taken into account. As a result, over time, workmanship criteria have b... | Engineering Critical Assessment | 0.797812 |
90,146 | An alternative approach is to define a system with (1) a state of the system at any given time, (2) a behavior, defined as the change over time in overall state, and (3) a state set or state space, representing the totality of overall states the system could be in. The system is distinguished by the fact that a change ... | Cognitive modelling | 0.797812 |
90,147 | The world is currently on course to reach 3 degrees Celsius of global warming, and scientists have 12 years to impose significant changes to prevent this from happening. This shift towards environmental protection demands a workforce that is more heavily dedicated to studying sustainable development, hence the growing ... | Sustainability studies | 0.797812 |
90,148 | = 2, 3! = 6, 4! = 24, etc. Liouville showed that this number belongs to a class of transcendental numbers that can be more closely approximated by rational numbers than can any irrational algebraic number, and this class of numbers are called Liouville numbers, named in his honour. | Transcendental numbers | 0.797812 |
90,149 | The Stochastic Neural Analog Reinforcement Calculator (SNARC) is a neural-net machine designed by Marvin Lee Minsky. Prompted by a letter from Minsky, George Armitage Miller gathered the funding for the project from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in the summer of 1951 with the work to be carried out by Min... | Stochastic Neural Analog Reinforcement Calculator | 0.797811 |
90,150 | However, most pet foods that contain ethoxyquin have never exceeded this amount. In 2017, reports from the Swiss Department for regional affairs laboratory, service of consummation and veterinary affairs showed that farmed salmon often exceeded the set limits for ethoxyquin contamination by several orders of magnitude ... | Ethoxyquin | 0.797811 |
90,151 | C. T. R. Wilson saw a glory while working as a temporary observer at the Ben Nevis weather station. Inspired by the impressive sight, he decided to build a device for creating clouds in the laboratory, so that he could make a synthetic, small-scale glory. His work led directly to the cloud chamber, a device for detecti... | Glory (optical phenomenon) | 0.797811 |
90,152 | Two theorems in the mathematical field of Riemannian geometry bear the name Myers–Steenrod theorem, both from a 1939 paper by Myers and Steenrod. The first states that every distance-preserving map (that is, an isometry of metric spaces) between two connected Riemannian manifolds is a smooth isometry of Riemannian mani... | Myers–Steenrod theorem | 0.797811 |
90,153 | In mathematics, the additive polynomials are an important topic in classical algebraic number theory. | Additive polynomial | 0.79781 |
90,154 | EMC Activation's purpose is to cause a fundamental destruction to the crystalline structure of the material processed, to render it amorphous. Although this change increases the processed material's chemical reactivity, no chemical reaction is caused during the EMC Activation process. At its simplest, mechanochemistry ... | Energetically modified cement | 0.79781 |
90,155 | Julia A. Kornfield is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. A world expert in polymer science, Kornfield's research encompasses the development of mega-supramolecular systems for fuel additives and intraocular lenses, as well as the influence of flow on polymer chains.Kornfield ... | Julia A. Kornfield | 0.79781 |
90,156 | {\displaystyle \pi _{1}(K)\cong \Gamma /I.} This method shows, for example, that any connected compact Lie group for which the associated root system is of type G 2 {\displaystyle G_{2}} is simply connected. Thus, there is (up to isomorphism) only one connected compact Lie group having Lie algebra of type G 2 {\display... | First homotopy group | 0.79781 |
90,157 | Differential Geometry and Statistics, M.K. Murray, J.W. Rice, Chapman and Hall/CRC, ISBN 978-0-412-39860-5 Ridges in image and data analysis, David Eberly, Springer, 1996, ISBN 978-0-7923-4268-7 | Geometric data analysis | 0.79781 |
90,158 | Market research company GfK Australia found that parents are spending record amounts on electronic and interactive toys.Mark Allen states that the greatest impediment to the further growth of the smart toy industry is the lack of development of artificial intelligence and speech recognition. At their present stage of e... | Smart toy | 0.797809 |
90,159 | In chemical graph theory and in mathematical chemistry, a molecular graph or chemical graph is a representation of the structural formula of a chemical compound in terms of graph theory. A chemical graph is a labeled graph whose vertices correspond to the atoms of the compound and edges correspond to chemical bonds. It... | Molecular graph | 0.797809 |
90,160 | His most widely cited work is on the geometric and analytic study of the ADM mass. He shows that it is geometrically defined by constructing "optimal" asymptotically flat coordinates, and gives an extension of Edward Witten's proof of the time-symmetric positive energy theorem to the higher-dimensional spin setting. He... | Robert Bartnik | 0.797809 |
90,161 | The astronomical unit of time is the day, defined as 86400 seconds. 365.25 days make up one Julian year. The symbol D is used in astronomy to refer to this unit. | Astronomical units of length | 0.797809 |
90,162 | In mathematics, a higher spin alternating sign matrix is a generalisation of the alternating sign matrix (ASM), where the columns and rows sum to an integer r (the spin) rather than simply summing to 1 as in the usual alternating sign matrix definition. HSASMs are square matrices whose elements may be integers in the r... | Higher spin alternating sign matrix | 0.797809 |
90,163 | In the late 16th century, increasing interest in physics resulted in a number of European scientists conducting experiments into the intricacies of the scientific field. Many of these experiments were—directly or indirectly—presenting a challenge to the laws of physics formulated by Aristotle, whose theory was then the... | Delft tower experiment | 0.797809 |
90,164 | The separation of the stereoisomers is one of the easier in organic chemistry and is described in the original patent. It involves "treatment of racemic methadone base with d-(+)-tartaric acid in an acetone/water mixture precipitates almost solely the dextro-methadone levo-tartrate, and the more potent Levomethadone c... | Levomethadone | 0.797808 |
90,165 | According to csrankings.org, for the combined subfields of computer graphics, HCI, and visualization the dgp is the number one research institution in the world.Since then, dgp has hosted many well known faculty and students in computer graphics, computer vision and HCI (e.g., Alain Fournier, Bill Reeves, Jos Stam, Dem... | Dynamic Graphics Project | 0.797808 |
90,166 | In 2014 the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed that there were 297,100 American pharmacist jobs. By 2024 that number is projected to grow by 3%. The majority (65%) of those pharmacists work in retail settings, mostly as salaried employees but some as self-employed owners. About 22% work in hospitals, and... | Pharmacist | 0.797808 |
90,167 | Singular homology is a related theory that is better adapted to theory rather than computation. Singular homology is defined for all topological spaces and depends only on the topology, not any triangulation; and it agrees with simplicial homology for spaces which can be triangulated. : thm.2.27 Nonetheless, because it... | Simplicial homology | 0.797808 |
90,168 | The College of Computing is a college of the Georgia Institute of Technology, a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It is divided into four schools: the School of Computer Science, the School of Interactive Computing, the School of Computational Science & Engineering, and the School of Cybersecurity and Pri... | Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing | 0.797808 |
90,169 | A special case is to find the first sign change. The interest of the question was that the numerical evidence known showed no change of sign: Littlewood's result guaranteed that this evidence was just a small number effect, but 'small' here included values of n up to a billion. The requirement of computability reflects... | Effective results in number theory | 0.797808 |
90,170 | A topological space X is completely metrizable if and only if X is metrizable and a Gδ in its Stone–Čech compactification βX. A subspace of a completely metrizable space X is completely metrizable if and only if it is Gδ in X. A countable product of nonempty metrizable spaces is completely metrizable in the product top... | Completely metrizable space | 0.797808 |
90,171 | Quantum mechanics can be used to describe spacetime as being non-empty at extremely small scales, fluctuating and generating particle pairs that appear and disappear incredibly quickly. It has been suggested by some such as Paul Dirac that this quantum vacuum may be the equivalent in modern physics of a particulate aet... | Aether theories | 0.797808 |
90,172 | O Sexo do Ciúme published in 2007, is a compilation of texts and studies which relate biology to human behaviour, along the lines of studies in human behavioural ecology. The author explains the natural factors which influence jealousy and male/female attitudes in regards to sex and relationships. | Elsimar M. Coutinho | 0.797807 |
90,173 | Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Society of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. It covers all aspects of designing optimal structures in stressed systems as well as... | Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization | 0.797806 |
90,174 | Their conclusion at the time was that the techniques Wiles used seemed to work correctly. : 261–265 By mid-May 1993, Wiles was ready to tell his wife he thought he had solved the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem,: 265 and by June he felt sufficiently confident to present his results in three lectures delivered on 21–23 J... | Fermat's conjecture | 0.797806 |
90,175 | Contrast how the following reactions are described in terms of acid–base chemistry: In the first reaction a fluoride ion, F−, gives up an electron pair to boron trifluoride to form the product tetrafluoroborate. Fluoride "loses" a pair of valence electrons because the electrons shared in the B—F bond are located in the... | Protic acid | 0.797805 |
90,176 | Signs Of LIfe Detector (SOLID) is an analytical instrument under development to detect extraterrestrial life in the form of organic biosignatures obtained from a core drill during planetary exploration. The instrument is based on fluorescent immunoassays and it is being developed by the Spanish Astrobiology Center (CAB... | Signs Of LIfe Detector | 0.797805 |
90,177 | Stillwell also ventured into foundations of mathematics in a section titled "What are the Laws of Algebra ?" The "algebra of points", originally given by Karl von Staudt deriving the axioms of a field was deconstructed in the twentieth century, yielding a wide variety of mathematical possibilities. Stillwell states Thi... | Horizon zenith angle | 0.797805 |
90,178 | The thickness of the formation may not be directly proportional to the volume of gas produced in some areas.For example, it has been observed in the Cherokee Basin in Southeast Kansas that a well with a single zone of 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 m) of pay can produce excellent gas rates, whereas an alternative formation wi... | Coal seam gas | 0.797805 |
90,179 | In geometry, the metabidiminished rhombicosidodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J81). A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named ... | Metabidiminished rhombicosidodecahedron | 0.797805 |
90,180 | The square planar molecular geometry in chemistry describes the stereochemistry (spatial arrangement of atoms) that is adopted by certain chemical compounds. As the name suggests, molecules of this geometry have their atoms positioned at the corners. | Square planar coordination | 0.797805 |
90,181 | Methanogens do not require oxygen or organic nutrients, are non-photosynthetic, use hydrogen as their energy source, and carbon dioxide (CO2) as their carbon source, so they could exist in subsurface environments on Mars. If microscopic Martian life is producing the methane, it probably resides far below the surface, w... | Natural methane on Mars | 0.797804 |
90,182 | Second law analysis is valuable in scientific and engineering analysis in that it provides a number of benefits over energy analysis alone, including the basis for determining energy quality (or exergy content), understanding fundamental physical phenomena, improving performance evaluation and optimization, or in furth... | Entropy and life | 0.797804 |
90,183 | distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) Also decentralized artificial intelligence. A subfield of artificial intelligence research dedicated to the development of distributed solutions for problems. DAI is closely related to and a predecessor of the field of multi-agent systems. dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) A logica... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.797803 |
90,184 | region connection calculus reinforcement learning (RL) An area of machine learning concerned with how software agents ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and uns... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.797803 |
90,185 | In number theory, Sophie Germain's theorem is a statement about the divisibility of solutions to the equation x p + y p = z p {\displaystyle x^{p}+y^{p}=z^{p}} of Fermat's Last Theorem for odd prime p {\displaystyle p} . | Sophie Germain's theorem | 0.797803 |
90,186 | The objects of the physical sciences form the lower orders in the hierarchy of existence, more extensive but less significant. Thus the atoms of the physicist may indeed be found in the organisation of conscious beings, but they are subordinate: a living organism exhibits actions which cannot be formulated by the laws ... | F. C. S. Schiller | 0.797802 |
90,187 | A study published in the Freshwater Biology journal focusing on episodic weather effects on lakes highlights the use of high frequency data to further understand meteorological drivers and the consequences of "events", or sudden changes to physical, chemical, and biological parameters of a lake. Due to advances in data... | High frequency data | 0.797802 |
90,188 | The Center for Advancing the Study of CyberInfrastructure (CASCI) is a multidisciplinary center housed in the College of Computing and Information Sciences. The Departments of Computer science, Software Engineering, Information technology, Computer engineering, Imaging Science, and Bioinformatics collaborate in a varie... | Rochester Institute of Technology | 0.797802 |
90,189 | J. Komenda and J.H. van Schuppen and B. Gaudin and H. Marchand, Supervisory control of modular systems with global specification languages, Automatica 44 (2008), 1127–1134. J. Komenda, J.H. van Schuppen, Modular control of discrete-event systems with coalgebra, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 53 (2008), 447–460. | Jan H. van Schuppen | 0.797802 |
90,190 | Apophysomyces variabilis has its highest prevalence in Asia and Lichtheimia spp. in Europe. It is the third most common serious fungal infection to infect people, after aspergillosis and candidiasis.Diabetes is the main underlying disease in low and middle-income countries, whereas, blood cancers and organ transplantat... | Mucormycosis | 0.797802 |
90,191 | A particle in a fluid is described by a Langevin equation with a potential energy function, a damping force, and thermal fluctuations given by the fluctuation dissipation theorem. If the potential is quadratic then the constant energy curves are ellipses, as shown in the figure. If there is dissipation but no thermal n... | Langevin equation | 0.797802 |
90,192 | In natural language processing, dependency-based parsing can be formulated as an ASP problem. The following code parses the Latin sentence "Puella pulchra in villa linguam latinam discit", "the pretty girl is learning Latin in the villa". The syntax tree is expressed by the arc predicates which represent the dependenci... | Answer-set programming | 0.797801 |
90,193 | Another component of the academic activity of the centre consists of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences. The Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as the Centre of Plasma Physics, Sonapur, was fo... | Institute for Plasma Research | 0.797801 |
90,194 | Color normalization has been used for object recognition on color images in the field of robotics, bioinformatics and general artificial intelligence, when it is important to remove all intensity values from the image while preserving color values. One example is in case of a scene shot by a surveillance camera over th... | Color normalization | 0.797801 |
90,195 | isopleth Any line on a map connecting places of equal value of some specified variable. The variable may be a physical or natural quantity, such as elevation above sea level (as with contour lines) or temperature (as with isotherms), or a quantity related to social or economic statistics, such as population, wealth, or... | Glossary of geography terms (A–M) | 0.797801 |
90,196 | Daniel Spielman attended The Philadelphia School, and Germantown Friends School. He received his bachelor of arts degree in mathematics and computer science from Yale University in 1992 and a PhD in applied mathematics from MIT in 1995 (his dissertation was called "Computationally Efficient Error-Correcting Codes and H... | Daniel Spielman | 0.7978 |
90,197 | According to a Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) report, and archival NASA source documentation (Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, July–September 1980, Vol. 1, No. 3), the Magsat spacecraft utilized two RCA 1802 microprocessors running at a 2-MHz clock speed in a redundant setup. A store... | Explorer 61 | 0.7978 |
90,198 | In mathematics, a Riemannian manifold is said to be flat if its Riemann curvature tensor is everywhere zero. Intuitively, a flat manifold is one that "locally looks like" Euclidean space in terms of distances and angles, e.g. the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180°. The universal cover of a complete flat manif... | Flat metric | 0.7978 |
90,199 | Cognates in related languages can even be identical in form, but semantically distinct, such as caldo and largo, which mean respectively 'hot' and 'wide' in Italian but 'broth, soup' and 'long' in Spanish. Using a statistical approach (called lexicostatistics) by comparing each language's mass of words, distances can b... | Linguistic distance | 0.7978 |
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