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90,900 | In game theory, Kuhn's theorem relates perfect recall, mixed and unmixed strategies and their expected payoffs. It is named after Harold W. Kuhn. The theorem states that in a game where players may remember all of their previous moves/states of the game available to them, for every mixed strategy there is a behavioral ... | Kuhn's theorem | 0.797657 |
90,901 | "Epistemic impossibility" describes things which absolutely cannot occur within our current formulation of the physical laws. This interpretation of the word "impossible" is what is intended in discussions of the impossibility of perpetual motion in a closed system.The conservation laws are particularly robust from a m... | Perpetual motion machines | 0.797657 |
90,902 | For a simplified outline of the proof, see Gödel's incompleteness theoremsThe sketch here is broken into three parts. In the first part, each formula of the theory is assigned a number, known as a Gödel number, in a manner that allows the formula to be effectively recovered from the number. This numbering is extended t... | Proof sketch for Gödel's first incompleteness theorem | 0.797657 |
90,903 | Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. The most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Children aged less than five years who live ... | Atmospheric pollution | 0.797657 |
90,904 | In mathematics, in the realm of abstract algebra, a radical polynomial is a multivariate polynomial over a field that can be expressed as a polynomial in the sum of squares of the variables. That is, if k {\displaystyle k} is a polynomial ring, the ring of radical polynomials is the subring generated by the polynomial... | Radical polynomial | 0.797657 |
90,905 | That is not enough for the space to be a Gδ space, as shown for example by the lexicographic order topology on the unit square. The Sorgenfrey line is an example of a perfectly normal (i.e. normal Gδ) space that is not metrizable. The topological sum X = ∐ i X i {\displaystyle X={\coprod }_{i}X_{i}} of a family of disj... | Gδ space | 0.797656 |
90,906 | Pulse labelling is a biochemistry technique of identifying the presence of a target molecule by labeling a sample with a radioactive compound. This is mainly done to identify the stage at which the messenger RNA is being produced in a cell. == References == | Pulse labelling | 0.797656 |
90,907 | A juggling robot is a robot designed to be able to successfully carry out bounce or toss juggling. Robots capable of juggling are designed and built both to increase and test understanding and theories of human movement, juggling, and robotics. Juggling robots may include sensors to guide arm/hand movement or may rely ... | Juggling robot | 0.797656 |
90,908 | On Cryptanalysis was written in a style of a handbook or a manual, describing Ibn 'Adlan's twenty "rules" or techniques of cryptanalysis, grouped into nine themes. Unlike the cryptological treatises of Al-Kindi before him and later Ibn al-Durayhim (c. 1312–1361), which provide theoretical background on cryptography inc... | Ibn Adlan | 0.797656 |
90,909 | In number theory, the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture concerns the number of primes in intervals. Along with the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture, the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture was proposed by G. H. Hardy and John Edensor Littlewood in 1923. | Second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture | 0.797656 |
90,910 | The 7 parts of the ISO 128 standard are: ISO 128-1:2020 Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of representation — Part 1: Introduction and fundamental requirements ISO 128-2:2020 Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of representation — Part 2: Basic conventions for lines ISO 1... | ISO 128 | 0.797655 |
90,911 | The term "doublet" dates back to the 19th century, when it was observed that certain spectral lines of an ionized, excited gas would split into two under the influence of a strong magnetic field, in an effect known as the anomalous Zeeman effect. Such spectral lines were observed not only in the laboratory, but also in... | Doublet state | 0.797655 |
90,912 | Although Fenselau and her second husband Robert Cotter both worked in mass spectrometry at Johns Hopkins, they chose to develop independent careers rather than a joint lab. "We felt that we could make twice as many contributions to science if we had two separate labs and evolved in our own ways that reflected our own s... | Catherine Clarke Fenselau | 0.797655 |
90,913 | Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three main areas: Theoretical foundations and analysis Use of computer technology to aid logicians Use of concepts from logic for computer applications | Logic in computer science | 0.797655 |
90,914 | Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change as a result of experiences in one's life. Because of the brain's plasticity, it is possible in principle for social phenomena related to gender to influence the organization of a person's brain. Fine has argued that the neuroscience of sex differences does not do enoug... | Neurosexism | 0.797654 |
90,915 | Alexander Grothendieck (; German pronunciation: ; French: ; 28 March 1928 – 13 November 2014) was a French mathematician who became the leading figure in the creation of modern algebraic geometry. His research extended the scope of the field and added elements of commutative algebra, homological algebra, sheaf theory,... | Alexander Grothendieck | 0.797654 |
90,916 | In theoretical chemistry, an energy profile is a theoretical representation of a chemical reaction or process as a single energetic pathway as the reactants are transformed into products. This pathway runs along the reaction coordinate, which is a parametric curve that follows the pathway of the reaction and indicates ... | Energy profile (chemistry) | 0.797654 |
90,917 | However, they have not “caught” enough to displace the CCL, in part because some of the most valued members of the CCL have not migrated to those platforms, either for professional purposes only, or at all. The most valuable resource that keeps the CCL together, in this view, is its own community.It is a general trend ... | Computational Chemistry List | 0.797654 |
90,918 | (1977). Quantum Mechanics. Vol. | Relativistic quantum mechanics | 0.797654 |
90,919 | Compound heterozygosity is one of the causes of variation in genetic disease. The diagnosis and nomenclature for such disorders sometimes reflects history, because most diseases were first observed and classified based on biochemistry and pathophysiology before genetic diagnosis was available. Some genetic disorders ar... | Compound heterozygosity | 0.797654 |
90,920 | In Feb 2023, to coincide with its 30th anniversary, HKUST announced “30 for 30” talent acquisition campaign which is a global hunt for 30 leading academics to drive innovation in Hong Kong with 30 major research projects designed to have maximum social impact. The campaign focused on six areas – biomedicine, material s... | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology | 0.797654 |
90,921 | At Berkeley, Davis needed Frenk, with his background in theoretical physics, to assist in interpreting his research — he had mapped 2,200 galaxies while at Harvard. Meanwhile, White had also moved to Berkeley. This allowed the trio of Davis, White and Frenk to work together on what would prove to be a significant advan... | Carlos Frenk | 0.797654 |
90,922 | BMVA Summer School is an annual summer school on computer vision, organised by the British Machine Vision Association and Society for Pattern Recognition (BMVA). The course is residential, usually held over five days, and consists of lectures and practicals in topics in image processing, computer vision, pattern recogn... | BMVA Summer School | 0.797654 |
90,923 | The gamma group has a matrix representation given by complex N × N {\displaystyle N\times N} matrices with N = 2 ⌊ 1 2 d ⌋ {\displaystyle N=2^{\left\lfloor {\frac {1}{2}}d\right\rfloor }} and d = p + q {\displaystyle d=p+q} and ⌊ x ⌋ {\displaystyle \lfloor x\rfloor } the floor function, the largest integer less than x ... | Higher-dimensional gamma matrices | 0.797654 |
90,924 | This phenomenon is known as the premature ovarian failure (POF) and it is used as the model for the study of the genetics of ovarian aging. The genes such as GDF9 and BMP15 have been identified as the candidate genes for POF. POF has a relation with the genome-wide linkages on chromosomal regions 9q21.3 and Xp21.3. | Human reproductive ecology | 0.797653 |
90,925 | In his original proof Turing formalized the concept of algorithm by introducing Turing machines. However, the result is in no way specific to them; it applies equally to any other model of computation that is equivalent in its computational power to Turing machines, such as Markov algorithms, Lambda calculus, Post syst... | The halting problem | 0.797653 |
90,926 | The scope of the MID instrument are material science experiments using the unprecedented coherent properties of the X-ray laser beams of the European XFEL. The scientific applications reach from condensed matter physics, studying for example glass formation and magnetism, to soft and biological material, such as colloi... | European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser | 0.797653 |
90,927 | This would permit the duplication of any sort of optical effect but virtually. Users could request holograms, sunrises and sunsets, or floating lasers as the mood strikes. PAO systems were described in BC Crandall's Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance in the Brian Wowk article "Phased-Array Optic... | Replicating nanorobots | 0.797653 |
90,928 | The NASA Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (WFIRST) The ESA PLATO mission, which will find and characterize rocky exoplanets. The JAXA LiteBIRD mission. The ESA Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA) The ESA ARIEL mission, which will observe the atmospheres of exoplanets. The joint ESA-JAXA Comet Inte... | List of objects at Lagrange points | 0.797653 |
90,929 | This was followed by a second course in 2014, Physiotherapy Management of Spinal Cord Injuries, which was accredited by the World Confederation of Physical Therapy and attracted approximately 4000 participants with a 40% completion rate. Physiopedia is the first provider of physiotherapy/physical therapy MOOCs, accessi... | Massive Open Online Course | 0.797653 |
90,930 | In quantum metrology, and especially interferometry, the Heisenberg limit is the optimal rate at which the accuracy of a measurement can scale with the energy used in the measurement. Typically, this is the measurement of a phase (applied to one arm of a beam-splitter) and the energy is given by the number of photons u... | Uncertainty principle derivations | 0.797652 |
90,931 | The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a database of rat genomics, genetics, physiology and functional data, as well as data for comparative genomics between rat, human and mouse. RGD is responsible for attaching biological information to the rat genome via structured vocabulary, or ontology, annotations assigned to genes an... | Rat Genome Database | 0.797652 |
90,932 | For example, local unimodal sampling, a method for doing numerical optimization, is often demonstrated with such a function. It can be said that a unimodal function under this extension is a function with a single local extremum. One important property of unimodal functions is that the extremum can be found using searc... | Unimodal distribution | 0.797652 |
90,933 | The following is a sketch of the proof of Grushko's theorem based on the use of foldings techniques for groups acting on trees (see for complete proofs using this argument). Let S={g1,....,gn} be a finite generating set for G=A∗B of size |S|=n=rank(G). Realize G as the fundamental group of a graph of groups Y which is ... | Grushko's theorem | 0.797651 |
90,934 | In molecular biology, the enteroviral 3′ UTR element is an RNA structure found in the 3′ UTR of various enteroviruses. The overall structure forms the origin of replication (OriR) for the initiation of (-) strand RNA synthesis. Pseudoknots have also been predicted in this structure. | Enteroviral 3′ UTR element | 0.797651 |
90,935 | Classical computation models rely on physical implementations consistent with the laws of classical mechanics. Classical descriptions are accurate only for specific systems consisting of a relatively large number of atoms. A more general description of nature is given by quantum mechanics. | Superconductive quantum computing | 0.797651 |
90,936 | A particularly useful variant of the above is the infinitesimal form. This is commonly written as This variation is commonly used to write coordinates and vielbeins as pullbacks of the metric on a Lie group. For example, writing X = X i e i {\displaystyle X=X^{i}e_{i}} for some functions X i {\displaystyle X^{i}} and a... | Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula | 0.797651 |
90,937 | FMAP emerged from a workshop held at Dalhousie University in 2002 and was funded from 2003 to 2010 by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The project was led by Ransom A. Myers from 2002 to 2007 and from 2007 to 2010 was under the direction of Boris Worm, Heike Lotze and Ian Jonsen in the Biology Department at Dalhousie Un... | Future of Marine Animal Populations | 0.79765 |
90,938 | Richard Edler von Mises (German: ; 19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of Gordon McKay Professor of Aerodynamics and Applied Mathematics at Harvard Uni... | Richard von Mises | 0.79765 |
90,939 | He also asserted that no computer program could defeat even a 10-year-old child at chess. Dreyfus accepted the challenge. Herbert A. Simon, an artificial intelligence pioneer, watched the game. | Human–computer chess matches | 0.79765 |
90,940 | In 2006, with Tao and Vu published their book "Additive Combinatorics.” Together, they developed the Inverse Littlewood-Offord theory for anti-concentration. In 2007, with Johansson and Kahn, Vu solved the Shamir conjecture in random graph theory. Among others, they established the sharp threshold for the existence of ... | Van H. Vu | 0.79765 |
90,941 | In some designs regeneration energy is supplied by the sun; air is ventilated at night over a bed of desiccants that adsorb the water vapour. During the day, the premises are closed, the greenhouse effect increases the temperature, and, as in solar desalination pools, the water vapour is partially desorbed, condenses o... | Dew harvesting | 0.79765 |
90,942 | The disorder may be diagnosed by either the analysis of the molecular genetics of the individual, or by detection of abnormal metabolite levels in blood and/or plasma. Individuals with this deficiency have an elevated amount of 3-hydroxyglutarate excreted through the urine; a heightened level of C4-OH acylcarnitine in ... | Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase | 0.79765 |
90,943 | Bureau of Labor Statistics. For individuals who do not have a high school diploma, opportunities for monetary earning fall below $30,000 less than those with an undergraduate degree.Whereas the biggest stepping stone to attain a higher paying career used to be an undergraduate degree, the common discussion in today’s m... | Academic capital | 0.79765 |
90,944 | Photodetectors and infrared lighting elements can support digital screens to detect hand motions and gestures with the aid of machine learning algorithms. | Motion detector | 0.79765 |
90,945 | His main research interests include phase transitions, optical, electronic, vibrational, transport and magnetic properties of functional materials, device physics, soft condensed matter, geometry, topology and nonlinear phenomena. Recently he has been coordinating theoretical efforts at LANL in the context of Beyond Mo... | Avadh Saxena | 0.79765 |
90,946 | interAptiv is a multiprocessor core leveraging a nine-stage pipeline with multi-threading. The core can be used for highly-parallel tasks requiring cost and power optimization, such as smart gateways, baseband processing in LTE user equipment and small cells, solid-state drive (SSD) controllers, and automotive equipmen... | MIPS architecture processors | 0.797649 |
90,947 | Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agricul... | Agricultural research | 0.797649 |
90,948 | Recently, owing to advancements in artificial intelligence computing, deep-learning neural networks (GANs) have been used for super-resolution enhancing of optical-microscope photographic images, from 40x to 100x, from 20x with an optical microscope to 1500x, comparable to a scanning electron microscope, via a neural l... | Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy | 0.797649 |
90,949 | In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is oblique. A uniform triangular prism is a right triangular prism with equilateral bases, and sq... | Triangular prisms | 0.797649 |
90,950 | In materials science, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials and a subgroup of ceramics. They consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix. The fibers and the matrix both can consist of any ceramic material, whereby carbon and carbon fibers can also be regarded as a ceramic mat... | Ceramic Matrix Composite | 0.797649 |
90,951 | Exploiting this property allows laying out the tree in hyperbolic space in an uncluttered manner: placing a node far enough from its parent gives the node almost the same amount of space as its parent for laying out its own children. Displaying a hyperbolic tree commonly utilizes the Poincaré disk model of hyperbolic g... | Hyperbolic tree | 0.797649 |
90,952 | In geometry, a double wedge is the (closure of) the symmetric difference of two half-spaces whose boundaries are not parallel to each other. For instance, in the Cartesian plane, the union of the positive and negative quadrants forms a double wedge, and more generally in two dimensions a double wedge consists of the se... | Double wedge | 0.797649 |
90,953 | oemof stands for Open Energy Modelling Framework. The project is managed by the Reiner Lemoine Institute, Berlin, Germany and the Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (CSES or ZNES) at the University of Flensburg and the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, both Flensburg, Germany. The project runs two websites a... | Open energy system models | 0.797649 |
90,954 | Vijaya Kumar Murty (born 20 May 1956) is an Indo-Canadian mathematician working primarily in number theory. He is a professor at the University of Toronto and is the Director of the Fields Institute. | V. Kumar Murty | 0.797648 |
90,955 | Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX), also known as Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel AMX), are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) for microprocessors from Intel designed to work on matrices to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) -related workloads. | Advanced Matrix Extensions | 0.797648 |
90,956 | The algebraic tensor product of two Hilbert spaces A and B has a natural positive definite sesquilinear form (scalar product) induced by the sesquilinear forms of A and B. So in particular it has a natural positive definite quadratic form, and the corresponding completion is a Hilbert space A ⊗ B, called the (Hilbert s... | Tensor norm | 0.797648 |
90,957 | Civil engineering projects that use air pressure to keep water and mud out of the workplace use an airlock to transfer personnel, equipment, and materials between the external normabaric environment and the pressurized workplace in a caisson or sealed tunnel. The airlock may need to be large enough to accommodate the w... | Airlock | 0.797648 |
90,958 | Gallium(III) bromide is, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, a white, crystalline powder which reacts favorably and exothermically with water. Solid gallium tribromide is stable at room temperature and can be found primarily in its dimeric form. GaBr3 can form an intermediate halide, Ga2Br7; however, this is ... | Gallium(III) bromide | 0.797648 |
90,959 | When used by law enforcement and the military, idle reduction technology increases mission capability by extending operational time and providing increased situational awareness and safety. Idle reduction is a rapidly growing trend in US federal, state, local and fleet policy. Idling contributes significantly to the tr... | Idle reduction | 0.797648 |
90,960 | Not only is it in algebra, but he doesn't thank anyone for helpful conversations. He notes, however, that his work was supported by four different grants. (Culprits this time were Ken Brown, Ken Goodearl, Toby Stafford and Bob Warfield.)" John Rainwater's c.v. lists an incomplete collection of problems or solutions tha... | John Rainwater | 0.797648 |
90,961 | Cyro-EM presents special challenges to model-builders as the observed electron density is frequently insufficient to resolve individual atoms, leading to a higher likelihood of errors. Geometry-based validation tools similar to those used in X-ray crystallography can be used to highlight implausible modeling choices an... | Structure validation | 0.797648 |
90,962 | The Harris corner detector is a corner detection operator that is commonly used in computer vision algorithms to extract corners and infer features of an image. It was first introduced by Chris Harris and Mike Stephens in 1988 upon the improvement of Moravec's corner detector. Compared to its predecessor, Harris' corne... | Harris Corner Detector | 0.797648 |
90,963 | Normally in the nomenclature of particle physics, an atom composed of a positively charged particle bound to an electron is named after the positive particle with "-ium" replacing an "-on" suffix, in this case "muium". Replacing "-on" with (or otherwise appending) "-onium" is mostly used for bound states of a particle ... | Muonium | 0.797648 |
90,964 | If A is associative then so is any homotope of A, and any mutation of A is Lie-admissible. If A is alternative then so is any homotope of A, and any mutation of A is Malcev-admissible. Any isotope of a Hurwitz algebra is isomorphic to the original. A homotope of a Bernstein algebra by an element of non-zero weight is a... | Mutation (algebra) | 0.797647 |
90,965 | A Jaszczak phantom (pronounced "JAY-zak") aka Data Spectrum ECT phantom is an imaging phantom used for validating scanner geometry, 3D contrast, uniformity, resolution, attenuation and scatter correction or alignment tasks in nuclear medicine. It is commonly used in academic centers and hospitals to characterize a SPEC... | Jaszczak phantom | 0.797647 |
90,966 | There are several theorems that establish existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems involving ODEs both locally and globally. The two main theorems are In their basic form both of these theorems only guarantee local results, though the latter can be extended to give a global result, for example, i... | Inhomogeneous differential equation | 0.797647 |
90,967 | Analytica Chimica Acta is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1947 that covers original research and reviews of fundamental and applied aspects of analytical chemistry. The editors-in-chief are Prof. Lutgarde Buydens and Prof. James Landers. | Analytica Chimica Acta | 0.797647 |
90,968 | Popular Astronomy is an American magazine published by John August Media, LLC and hosted at TechnicaCuriosa.com for amateur astronomers. Prior to its revival in 2009, the title was published between 1893 and 1951. It was the successor to The Sidereal Messenger, which was published from March 1882 to 1892. The first iss... | Popular Astronomy (US magazine) | 0.797646 |
90,969 | The idea of the Stone–von Neumann theorem is that any two irreducible representations of the canonical commutation relations are unitarily equivalent. Since, however, the operators involved are necessarily unbounded (as noted above), there are tricky domain issues that allow for counter-examples. : Example 14.5 To obta... | Weyl representation | 0.797646 |
90,970 | Most of Euler's greatest successes were in applying analytic methods to real world problems, describing numerous applications of Bernoulli's numbers, Fourier series, Venn diagrams, Euler numbers, e and π constants, continued fractions and integrals. He integrated Leibniz's differential calculus with Newton's Method of ... | Contributions of Leonhard Euler to mathematics | 0.797646 |
90,971 | Artificial neural network (ANN), a computer model was used to study peptide binding to human TAP and its relationship with MHC class I binding. The affinity of HLA-binding peptides for TAP was found to differ according to the HLA supertype concerned using this method. This research could have important implications for... | Computational immunology | 0.797646 |
90,972 | The grid is inflexible and must be modernized to handle the intermittency of renewable energy sources (solar power, wind turbines, etc.). These energy sources, if resourced properly ,will prove to be valuable to the grid, providing it with energy that is currently wasted. With this electricity demand, there is a tremen... | Smart Grid Energy Research Center | 0.797646 |
90,973 | This pollutant load can reach various receiving waters such as streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and oceans with resultant water chemistry changes to these water systems and their related ecosystems. As humans continue to alter the climate through the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, precipitation patter... | Surface water runoff | 0.797645 |
90,974 | This is a parametrization of all split-quaternions whose nonreal part is nilpotent. This is also a parameterization of these subalgebras by the points of a circle: the split-quaternions of the form i + cos ( t ) j + sin ( t ) k {\displaystyle \mathrm {i} +\cos(t)\mathrm {j} +\sin(t)\mathrm {k} } form a circle; a su... | Split quaternion | 0.797644 |
90,975 | (1929) About monochromatic light filters. (1930) Color-ability, a new property of the latent photographic image. Natural Sciences (1933) The Colloid Chemistry of Photoanisotrophy (1940) Photochemical Studies on Color Vision Berenblum and Halban, in: Nature, no. 159 (1947), 733. | Fritz Weigert | 0.797644 |
90,976 | Engineering research seeks improvements in theory and practice in fields such as (for example) high-speed computation, bioengineering, earthquake prediction, power systems, nanotechnology and construction. Major contributors to engineering research around the world include governments, private business, and academia. T... | Engineering research | 0.797643 |
90,977 | Given a topological group G, i.e., a group equipped with a topology such that product and inverse are continuous maps, it is natural to consider continuous G-modules, i.e., requiring that the action G × M → M {\displaystyle G\times M\to M} is a continuous map. For such modules, one can again consider the derived functo... | Crossed homomorphism | 0.797643 |
90,978 | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to robotics: Robotics is a branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, ... | Outline of robotics | 0.797643 |
90,979 | The feature-based approach to template matching relies on the extraction of image features, such as shapes, textures, and colors, that match the target image or frame. This approach is usually achieved using neural networks and deep-learning classifiers such as VGG, AlexNet, and ResNet.Convolutional neural networks (CN... | Template matching | 0.797643 |
90,980 | If this ancestral claim is granted, then simulation software like EXTEND and Valyi's Emergy Simulator can be seen as combining the characteristica and the calculus ratiocinator, if and only if the digital computer is interpreted as a physical embodiment of the calculus ratiocinator. The work of Mario Bunge on the borde... | Universal characteristic | 0.797643 |
90,981 | In this case, Bézout's theorem bounds the number of solutions by 2 2 n , {\displaystyle 2^{2n},} while the multi-homogeneous Bézout theorem gives the bound (using Stirling's approximation) ( 2 n n ) = ( 2 n ) ! ( n ! ) 2 ∼ 2 2 n π n . {\displaystyle {\binom {2n}{n}}={\frac {(2n)!}{(n! )^{2}}}\sim {\frac {2^{2n}}{\sqrt ... | Multi-homogeneous polynomial | 0.797642 |
90,982 | He discovered that heat and mechanical work were both forms of energy, and in 1845, after improving his knowledge of physics, he published a monograph that stated a quantitative relationship between them. Meanwhile, in 1843, James Prescott Joule independently discovered the mechanical equivalent in a series of experime... | Energy is conserved | 0.797641 |
90,983 | The horned sphere, together with its inside, is a topological 3-ball, the Alexander horned ball, and so is simply connected; i.e., every loop can be shrunk to a point while staying inside. The exterior is not simply connected, unlike the exterior of the usual round sphere; a loop linking a torus in the above constructi... | Wild sphere | 0.797641 |
90,984 | The A.M. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau (Russian: Конструкторское бюро химического машиностроения имени A.M. Исаева), also known as KB KhimMash or just KBKhM, is a Russian rocket engine design and manufacturing company. It is located in the city of Korolyov. It started as the OKB-2 division of the NII-88 res... | A.M. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau | 0.797641 |
90,985 | By 2016, companies offering products and services for cognitive training were marketing them as improving educational outcomes for children, and for adults as improving memory, processing speed, and problem-solving, and even as preventing dementia or Alzheimers. They often have supported their marketing with discussion... | Brain training | 0.797641 |
90,986 | In statistics, a generalized additive model (GAM) is a generalized linear model in which the linear response variable depends linearly on unknown smooth functions of some predictor variables, and interest focuses on inference about these smooth functions. GAMs were originally developed by Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibsh... | Generalized additive model | 0.797641 |
90,987 | Collection of GCC 4.0.2 architecture and internals documents at I.I.T. Bombay Kerner, Sean Michael (March 2, 2006). "New GCC Heavy on Optimization". internetnews.com Kerner, Sean Michael (April 22, 2005). | GCC Compiler | 0.797641 |
90,988 | In 2012, the global pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline announced an initiative in bioelectric medicine in which the autonomic nervous system's impact on the immune system and inflammatory disease might be treated through electrical stimulation rather than pharmaceutical agents. The company's first investment in 201... | Nerve stimulation | 0.797641 |
90,989 | Software & Systems Cost & Performance Analysis Toolkit (S2CPAT) is a web-based toolkit with the goal of capturing and analyzing software engineering data from completed software projects that can be used to improve: the quality of software–intensive systems the ability to predict the development of software–intensive s... | Cyber Security and Information Systems Information Analysis Center | 0.797641 |
90,990 | In graph theory, a lattice graph, mesh graph, or grid graph is a graph whose drawing, embedded in some Euclidean space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , forms a regular tiling. This implies that the group of bijective transformations that send the graph to itself is a lattice in the group-theoretical sense. Typica... | Lattice graph | 0.797641 |
90,991 | In mathematics, especially order theory, a weak ordering is a mathematical formalization of the intuitive notion of a ranking of a set, some of whose members may be tied with each other. Weak orders are a generalization of totally ordered sets (rankings without ties) and are in turn generalized by (strictly) partially ... | Weak order | 0.797641 |
90,992 | The Erdős–Anning theorem states that a set of points with integer distances must either be finite or lie on a single line. However, there are other infinite sets of points with rational distances. For instance, on the unit circle, let S be the set of points ( cos θ , sin θ ) {\displaystyle (\cos \theta ,\sin \theta... | Erdős–Ulam problem | 0.79764 |
90,993 | Incorporating eco roofs or green roofs in your design will help with air quality, climate and water runoff. Zero-emission transport Zero-energy building to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions using renewable energy sources. Sustainable urban drainage systems or SUDS in addition to other systems to re... | Sustainable urban planning | 0.79764 |
90,994 | Research on brain–computer interface began in the 1970s at the University of California, Los Angeles under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA. The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain–computer interface in scientific lit... | Neuroinformatics | 0.79764 |
90,995 | The word metalloid comes from the Latin metallum ("metal") and the Greek oeides ("resembling in form or appearance"). Several names are sometimes used synonymously although some of these have other meanings that are not necessarily interchangeable: amphoteric element, boundary element, half-metal, half-way element, nea... | Metalloid staircase | 0.79764 |
90,996 | Although often used interchangeably, there are subtle differences between the two disciplines. Pharmacogenetics is generally regarded as the study or clinical testing of genetic variation that gives rise to differing responses to drugs, including adverse drug reactions. It is hoped that pharmacogenetics will eventually... | Pharmacovigilance | 0.79764 |
90,997 | If we have a polynomial function: with a 0 ≠ 0 {\displaystyle a_{0}\neq 0} irreducible over a certain subfield of the complex numbers, then its roots x k {\displaystyle x_{k}} may be expressed by the following equation involving theta functions of zero argument (theta constants): where Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } is the ... | Thomae's formula | 0.79764 |
90,998 | Any combination of reflections, dilations, translations, and rotations is a similarity. All of these are conformal maps, and in fact, where the space has three or more dimensions, the mappings generated by inversion are the only conformal mappings. Liouville's theorem is a classical theorem of conformal geometry. | Sphere inversion | 0.79764 |
90,999 | A dynamic shear rheometer, commonly known as DSR, is used for research and development as well as for quality control in the manufacture of a wide range of materials. Dynamic shear rheometers have been used since 1993 when Superpave was used for characterising and understanding high temperature rheological properties o... | Dynamic shear rheometer | 0.797639 |
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