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91,000 | It was also noted that the Laguerre group is part of a wider group conserving tangential distances, called the "equilong group" by Scheffers (1905).In R2 the Laguerre group leaves invariant the relation d x 2 + d y 2 − d r 2 {\displaystyle dx^{2}+dy^{2}-dr^{2}} , which can be extended to arbitrary Rn as well. For insta... | Spherical wave transformation | 0.797639 |
91,001 | Base for the different formats is the normal format (NF) with length 240 millimetres (9.4 in), width 115 millimetres (4.5 in) and height 71 millimetres (2.8 in). For facade layouts architects also order clinkers produced in special dimensions. For use in facades, it is possible to cope varied shaped elements (e.g., cli... | Clinker brick | 0.797639 |
91,002 | Let G be a connected reductive (real or complex) Lie group. Let K be a maximal compact subgroup. A continuous representation (π, V) of G on a complex Hilbert space V is called admissible if π restricted to K is unitary and each irreducible unitary representation of K occurs in it with finite multiplicity. The prototypi... | Smooth representation | 0.797639 |
91,003 | Indeed, C {\displaystyle C} has one eigenvalue (namely zero) and this eigenvalue has algebraic multiplicity 2 and geometric multiplicity 1. Some real matrices are not diagonalizable over the reals. Consider for instance the matrix B = . | Simultaneously diagonalizable | 0.797639 |
91,004 | Direct interaction electrodynamics is explicitly symmetrical in time and avoids the infinite energy predicted in the field immediately surrounding point particles. Feynman and Wheeler have shown that it can account for radiation and radiative damping (which had been considered strong evidence for the independent existe... | Action at a distance | 0.797639 |
91,005 | One example of this bug is in the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of FIFA 11, in which the game does not check for negative values for the player's currency counter, meaning that if a player cancels a loan and there is not enough currency available in the transfer budget, the currency counter will roll over back to... | Cartridge tilting | 0.797638 |
91,006 | Nordström's theory of gravitation was subsequently experimentally found to be inferior to Einstein's, as it did not predict the bending of light which was observed during the solar eclipse in 1919. However, Nordström and Einstein were in friendly competition or by some measure even cooperating scientists, not rivals. T... | Gunnar Nordström | 0.797638 |
91,007 | The machine had twelve integrators (compared to six of the original MIT machine) and could calculate differential equations of the twelfth order, or two simultaneous equations of the sixth order. When it was finished, the Oslo Analyzer was the most powerful of its kind in the world. Upon the German occupation of Norway... | Oslo Analyzer | 0.797638 |
91,008 | The second basic construction - defining a circle with two points - never needed an arc to be constructed with the compass in order for the circle to be utilized in constructions - namely the intersections with circles and with lines which, together, are the essence of all constructions involving a circle. Thus definin... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.797638 |
91,009 | Owen Flanagan argues that Jackson's thought experiment "is easy to defeat". He grants that "Mary knows everything about color vision that can be expressed in the vocabularies of a complete physics, chemistry, and neuroscience," and then distinguishes between "metaphysical physicalism" and "linguistic physicalism": Meta... | Knowledge argument | 0.797638 |
91,010 | Callahan, James J. (2000), The Geometry of Spacetime: an Introduction to Special and General Relativity, New York: Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-98641-8 Taylor, Edwin F.; Wheeler, John Archibald (2000), Exploring Black Holes: Introduction to General Relativity, Addison Wesley, ISBN 978-0-201-38423-9 | General Theory of Relativity | 0.797638 |
91,011 | Many of these conferences have their proceedings published in the GI's book series, Lecture Notes in Informatics, which also publishes Ph.D. thesis abstracts and research monographs.Every two years, the German Informatics Society awards the Konrad Zuse Medal to an outstanding German computer science researcher. | German Informatics Society | 0.797637 |
91,012 | He participated in the NSF LSSDSV, ITR, and BigData programs, and led the DOE SciDAC Institute for Ultrascale Visualization, a five-year, multi-institution project. He and his students has convincingly demonstrated several advanced concepts for data visualization, such as in situ visualization (1995, 2006), visualizati... | Kwan-Liu Ma | 0.797637 |
91,013 | In 1854 he turned his attention to solar physics, and for the purpose of obtaining a daily photographic representation of the state of the solar surface he devised the photoheliograph, described in his report to the British Association, On Celestial Photography in England (1859), and in his Bakerian Lecture (Phil. Tran... | Warren De la Rue | 0.797637 |
91,014 | Another area where NLG has been widely applied is automated dialogue systems, frequently in the form of chatbots. A chatbot or chatterbot is a software application used to conduct an on-line chat conversation via text or text-to-speech, in lieu of providing direct contact with a live human agent. While natural language... | Natural-language generation | 0.797637 |
91,015 | A robot painting is an artwork painted by a robot. Raymond Auger's Painting Machine, made in 1962, was one of the first robotic painters as was AARON, an artificial intelligence/artist developed by Harold Cohen beginning in the late 1960s. Joseph Nechvatal began making large computer-robotic paintings in 1986. Artist K... | Computer Art | 0.797637 |
91,016 | In geometry, the perpendicular distance between two objects is the distance from one to the other, measured along a line that is perpendicular to one or both. The distance from a point to a line is the distance to the nearest point on that line. That is the point at which a segment from it to the given point is perpend... | Orthogonal distance | 0.797637 |
91,017 | People with non-cancer pain who have not been helped by non-opioid medicines might be recommended to try opioids if there is no history of substance use disorder and no current mental illness.People with chronic pain tend to have higher rates of depression and although the exact connection between the comorbidities is ... | Chronic pain | 0.797636 |
91,018 | Weighted means are commonly used in statistics to compensate for the presence of bias. For a quantity f {\displaystyle f} measured multiple independent times f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} with variance σ i 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{i}^{2}} , the best estimate of the signal is obtained by averaging all the measurements with... | Weighting function | 0.797636 |
91,019 | The term “adaptation” in computer science refers to a process where an interactive system (adaptive system) adapts its behaviour to individual users based on information acquired about its user(s) and its environment. Adaptation is one of the three pillars of empiricism in Scrum. | Adaptation (computer science) | 0.797635 |
91,020 | Import options for over 15 reference formats. Extraction of metadata from PDFs. Retrieval of articles and bibliographic information based on identifiers (arXiv, Biodiversity Heritage Library, CrossRef, DiVA, DOI, IACR eprints, ISBN, Library of Congress, MathSciNet, mEDRA, PubMed, RFC, SAO/NASA ADS, and zbMATH). Support... | JabRef | 0.797635 |
91,021 | For every a ≥ 0 , {\displaystyle a\geq 0,} let X a = ⋃ n = 1 ∞ n {\displaystyle X_{a}=\bigcup _{n=1}^{\infty }n} and endow X a {\displaystyle X_{a}} with its order topology (which makes it into a normable space). The set of all X a {\displaystyle X_{a}} 's is directed under inclusion and if X a ⊆ X b {\displaystyle X_... | Order topology (functional analysis) | 0.797635 |
91,022 | Cones distinguish colors but are less sensitive to dim light.At the molecular level, visual stimuli cause changes in the photopigment molecule that lead to changes in membrane potential of the photoreceptor cell. A single unit of light is called a photon, which is described in physics as a packet of energy with propert... | Sensory organ | 0.797635 |
91,023 | Data-driven models encompass a wide range of techniques and methodologies that aim to intelligently process and analyse large datasets. Examples include fuzzy logic, fuzzy and rough sets for handling uncertainty, neural networks for approximating functions, global optimization and evolutionary computing, statistical le... | Data-driven model | 0.797635 |
91,024 | DGX is a line of supercomputers by Nvidia. In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software. It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available throug... | Nvidia Surround | 0.797634 |
91,025 | In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. Examples include position and momentum. In systems governed by classical mechanics, it is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states. | Observable (physics) | 0.797634 |
91,026 | Later Putnam suggested that while Gödel's theorems cannot be applied to humans, since they make mistakes and are therefore inconsistent, it may be applied to the human faculty of science or mathematics in general. If we are to believe that it is consistent, then either we cannot prove its consistency, or it cannot be r... | Gödelian argument | 0.797634 |
91,027 | Industrial engineering has many sub-disciplines, the most common of which are listed below. Although there are industrial engineers who focus exclusively on one of these sub-disciplines, many deals with a combination of them such as supply chain and logistics, and facilities and energy management.Methods engineering Fa... | Industrial engineering | 0.797634 |
91,028 | In general, solutions of the isomonodromy equations cannot be expressed in terms of simpler functions such as solutions of linear differential equations. However, for particular (more precisely, reducible) choices of extended monodromy data, solutions can be expressed in terms of such functions (or at least, in terms o... | Schlesinger equations | 0.797634 |
91,029 | In 1944, Hahn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Despite Hahn's efforts, the contributions of Meitner and Frisch were not recognized.In the 1950s, the development of improved particle accelerators and particle detectors allowed scientists to study the impacts of atoms moving at high energies. Neutrons and protons w... | Atomic structure | 0.797633 |
91,030 | As a first-year student at Harvard University in fall 1970, Stallman was known for his strong performance in Math 55. He was happy: "For the first time in my life, I felt I had found a home at Harvard. "In 1971, near the end of his first year at Harvard, he became a programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laborat... | Richard Stallman | 0.797633 |
91,031 | In mathematics, especially in algebraic topology, the homotopy limit and colimitpg 52 are variants of the notions of limit and colimit extended to the homotopy category Ho ( Top ) {\displaystyle {\text{Ho}}({\textbf {Top}})} . The main idea is this: if we have a diagram F: I → Top {\displaystyle F:I\to {\textbf {Top}}}... | Homotopy colimit | 0.797633 |
91,032 | Industrial and production engineering includes three areas: Mechanical engineering (where the production engineering comes from), industrial engineering, and management science. The objective is to improve efficiency, drive up effectiveness of manufacturing, quality control, and to reduce cost while making their produc... | Industrial and production engineering | 0.797633 |
91,033 | Swapan Chattopadhyay CorrFRSE (born December 26, 1951) is an Indian American physicist. Chattopadhyay completed his PhD from the University of California (Berkeley) in 1982.Currently, Chattopadhyay is part-time Faculty at University of California at Berkeley, adjunct professor of photon science at SLAC, Stanford Univer... | Swapan Chattopadhyay | 0.797633 |
91,034 | A demand-side platform (DSP) is a concept that combines various software solutions for advertisers (or advertising agencies) to automate the process of buying and selling ad impressions in real time.It provides digital advertising inventory with the dashboard, where the advertiser can manage their campaign using by def... | Demand-side platform | 0.797632 |
91,035 | This final approximation is only valid when As p {\displaystyle p} is the generator of translations, the ancilla's wavefunction is now given by This is the original wavefunction, shifted by an amount γ A w {\displaystyle \gamma A_{w}} . By Busch's theorem the system and meter wavefunctions are necessarily disturbed by ... | Weak value | 0.797632 |
91,036 | The exterior geometry of a (straight) cosmic string can be visualized in an embedding diagram as follows: Focusing on the two-dimensional surface perpendicular to the string, its geometry is that of a cone which is obtained by cutting out a wedge of angle δ and gluing together the edges. The angular deficit δ is linear... | Cosmic String | 0.797632 |
91,037 | Since I K 1 = | ⋅ | − 1 ( { 1 } ) , {\displaystyle I_{K}^{1}=|\cdot |^{-1}(\{1\}),} it is a closed subset of A K . {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} _{K}.} Finally the A K {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} _{K}} -topology on I K 1 {\displaystyle I_{K}^{1}} equals the subset-topology of I K {\displaystyle I_{K}} on I K 1 . | Ring of adeles | 0.797632 |
91,038 | The mathematics of probability can be developed on an entirely axiomatic basis that is independent of any interpretation: see the articles on probability theory and probability axioms for a detailed treatment. | Interpretation of probability | 0.797632 |
91,039 | The lack of precedent in using limestone as a host formation for a DGR makes it very difficult to predict potential failures of the DGR that is not constructed in granite formation. OPG’s presentation of assumptions about the DGRs geochemistry is an underestimation of the potential risks of constructing a DGR in limest... | Deep Geologic Repository | 0.797632 |
91,040 | Based on Dirichlet's number theory course at the University of Göttingen, the Vorlesungen were edited by Dedekind and published after Lejeune Dirichlet's death. Dedekind added several appendices to the Vorlesungen, in which he collected further results of Lejeune Dirichlet's and also developed his own original mathemat... | Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie | 0.797632 |
91,041 | Linear maps are mappings between vector spaces that preserve the vector-space structure. Given two vector spaces V and W over a field F, a linear map (also called, in some contexts, linear transformation or linear mapping) is a map T: V → W {\displaystyle T:V\to W} that is compatible with addition and scalar multiplica... | Linear Algebra | 0.797632 |
91,042 | The Advanced Space Vision System (also known as the Space Vision System or SVS) is a computer vision system designed primarily for International Space Station (ISS) assembly. The system uses regular 2D cameras in the Space Shuttle bay, on the Canadarm, or on the ISS along with cooperative targets to calculate the 3D po... | Advanced Space Vision System | 0.797632 |
91,043 | The State Preparedness Training Center in Oriskany was designed by the State Division of Homeland Security, and Emergency Services (DHSES) in 2006. It cost $42 million to construct on over 1100 acres and is available for training 360 days a year. Students from SUNY Albany's College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland S... | Bioterrorism | 0.797631 |
91,044 | In his classification of the sciences, he further distinguished between arithmetic, which studies discrete quantities, and geometry that studies continuous quantities. However, Aristotle also noted a focus on quantity alone may not distinguish mathematics from sciences like physics; in his view, abstraction and studyin... | Definitions of mathematics | 0.797631 |
91,045 | Materials with small nanosized pores may be suitable for hydrogen storage. Nanotechnology may also find applications in batteries, where the use of nanomaterials may enable batteries with higher energy content or supercapacitors with a higher rate of recharging.Nanotechnology is already used to provide improved perform... | Green nanotechnology | 0.797631 |
91,046 | Klinman applied to medical and graduate school, and received acceptances to both. In 1962, Klinman enrolled in the Chemistry graduate program at New York University (NYU). Klinman credits her time at NYU for "opening eyes to the excitement and beauty of organic reaction mechanisms." | Judith Klinman | 0.79763 |
91,047 | The RoboAlex Center at the Alexploratorium offers instruction in robotics. The participating groups design, program, and test robots on a playing field, with the goal of accomplishing certain missions. | Planetarium Science Center | 0.79763 |
91,048 | An inoculation needle is a laboratory equipment used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms. It is one of the most commonly implicated biological laboratory tools and can be disposable or re-usable. A standard reusable inoculation needle is made from nichrome or platinum wire affix... | Inoculation needle | 0.797629 |
91,049 | The name min-entropy stems from the fact that it is the smallest entropy measure in the family of Rényi entropies. In this sense, it is the strongest way to measure the information content of a discrete random variable. In particular, the min-entropy is never larger than the Shannon entropy. The min-entropy has importa... | Renyi divergence | 0.797629 |
91,050 | Throughout the history of topology, connectedness and compactness have been two of the most widely studied topological properties. Indeed, the study of these properties even among subsets of Euclidean space, and the recognition of their independence from the particular form of the Euclidean metric, played a large role ... | Locally path connected | 0.797629 |
91,051 | The Joint European Compound Library has a collection of around 500,000 chemical compounds selected from private company collections and complemented by the novel molecules synthesised by the European Lead Factory chemistry partners. European researchers from academia as well as SMEs and patient organisations submit the... | European Lead Factory | 0.797629 |
91,052 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated tetrahedral graph is an Archimedean graph, the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated tetrahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 12 vertices and 18 edges. It is a connected cubic graph, and connected cubic transitive graph. | Truncated tetrahedral graph | 0.797628 |
91,053 | Remote sensing has been extensively utilized to detect impervious surfaces. Detection of impervious areas using deep learning in conjunction with satellite images has emerged as a transformative method in remote sensing and environmental monitoring. Deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (... | Impervious surface | 0.797628 |
91,054 | In mathematics, the base change theorems relate the direct image and the inverse image of sheaves. More precisely, they are about the base change map, given by the following natural transformation of sheaves: g ∗ ( R r f ∗ F ) → R r f ∗ ′ ( g ′ ∗ F ) {\displaystyle g^{*}(R^{r}f_{*}{\mathcal {F}})\to R^{r}f'_{*}(g'^{*}{... | Base change theorems | 0.797628 |
91,055 | A knowledge graph formally represents semantics by describing entities and their relationships. Knowledge graphs may make use of ontologies as a schema layer. By doing this, they allow logical inference for retrieving implicit knowledge rather than only allowing queries requesting explicit knowledge.In order to allow t... | Knowledge graph | 0.797628 |
91,056 | Chapman, Sydney; Bartels, Julius (1940). Geomagnetism Volume 1: Geomagnetic and Related Phenomena. Volume 6 of The International Series of Monographs on Physics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. | List of important publications in geology | 0.797628 |
91,057 | In civil engineering, a wheel tractor-scraper (also known as a land scraper , land leveler or 'tournapull') is a type of heavy equipment used for earthmoving. It has a pan/hopper for loading and carrying material. The pan has a tapered horizontal front cutting edge that cuts into the soil like a carpenter's plane or ch... | Wheel tractor-scraper | 0.797628 |
91,058 | The ability to tailor their geometry allows for the delivery of precise cooling to very small areas. These factors make them a common choice in scientific and engineering applications with demanding requirements where cost and absolute energy efficiency are not primary concerns. Another benefit of TEC is that it does n... | Thermoelectric cooler | 0.797627 |
91,059 | In particular, if, in addition, there is an injection from Y {\displaystyle Y} to X , {\displaystyle X,} then X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} have the same cardinal number. (This is known as the Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem.) | Injective function | 0.797627 |
91,060 | For non-equilibrium situations in general, it may be useful to consider statistical mechanical definitions of other quantities that may be conveniently called 'entropy', but they should not be confused or conflated with thermodynamic entropy properly defined for the second law. These other quantities indeed belong to s... | Kelvin–Planck statement | 0.797626 |
91,061 | Other terms for this material are boronitrene or white graphene. The boron nitride nanomesh is not only stable to decomposition under vacuum, air and some liquids, but also up to temperatures of 800 °C. In addition, it shows the extraordinary ability to trap molecules and metallic clusters which have similar sizes to t... | Cubic boron nitride | 0.797626 |
91,062 | Lieb, E.H. ; Seiringer, R. (2010). The stability of matter in quantum mechanics (1st ed.). | Lieb–Thirring conjecture | 0.797626 |
91,063 | This induces an action of Z by automorphisms on the algebra of continuous functions C(S1). The resulting C*-crossed product C(S1) ⋊ Z is isomorphic to Aθ. The generating unitaries are the generator of the group Z and the identity function on the circle z: S1 → C. Twisted group algebra: The function σ: Z2 × Z2 → C; σ((m... | Noncommutative torus | 0.797626 |
91,064 | NASA's Dragonfly lander/aircraft concept is proposed to launch in 2025 and would seek evidence of biosignatures on the organic-rich surface and atmosphere of Titan, as well as study its possible prebiotic primordial soup. Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and is widely believed to have a large subsurface ocean consis... | Chemical fossils | 0.797626 |
91,065 | Robotic prosthesis control is a method for controlling a prosthesis in such a way that the controlled robotic prosthesis restores a biologically accurate gait to a person with a loss of limb. This is a special branch of control that has an emphasis on the interaction between humans and robotics. | Robotic prosthesis control | 0.797626 |
91,066 | RSTP provides significantly faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change, introducing new convergence behaviors and bridge port roles to accomplish this. While STP can take 30 to 50 seconds to respond to a topology change, RSTP is typically able to respond to changes within 3 × hello times (default: 3 × 2 s... | Spanning Tree Protocol | 0.797626 |
91,067 | The following table lays out the original and revised plan of the treatise and indicates where (in SGA or elsewhere) the topics intended for the later, unpublished chapters were treated by Grothendieck and his collaborators. In addition to the actual chapters, an extensive "Chapter 0" on various preliminaries was divid... | Éléments de géométrie algébrique | 0.797625 |
91,068 | Such praseodymium complexes have high but uncertain coordination numbers and poorly defined stereochemistry, with exceptions resulting from exceptionally bulky ligands such as the tricoordinate . There are also a few mixed oxides and fluorides involving praseodymium(IV), but it does not have an appreciable coordination... | Praseodymium | 0.797625 |
91,069 | Joseph LaSalle defended his Ph.D. thesis on ″Pseudo-Normed Linear Sets over Valued Rings″ at the California Institute of Technology in 1941. In 1946 he joined the Mathematics Department at the University of Notre Dame as an assistant professor and remained there until 1958, becoming a full professor in 1956. During a v... | Joseph P. LaSalle | 0.797625 |
91,070 | In physical chemistry, the Evans–Polanyi principle (also referred to as the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle, Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi principle, or Evans–Polanyi–Semenov principle) observes that the difference in activation energy between two reactions of the same family is proportional to the difference of their enthalpy o... | Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle | 0.797624 |
91,071 | Artificial creativity Creative computing Artificial intelligence art Uncanny valley Music and artificial intelligence Computational humor Chatterbot | Outline of artificial intelligence | 0.797624 |
91,072 | LaTeX is a system and programming language for formatting documents, which is especially designed for mathematical documents. BibTeX is a widely used bibliography-formatting tool for LaTeX. In 1988, Patashnik assisted Ronald Graham and Donald Knuth in writing Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, an ... | Oren Patashnik | 0.797624 |
91,073 | A quantum master equation is a generalization of the idea of a master equation. Rather than just a system of differential equations for a set of probabilities (which only constitutes the diagonal elements of a density matrix), quantum master equations are differential equations for the entire density matrix, including ... | Master equation | 0.797624 |
91,074 | {\displaystyle ++=0,\quad x,y,z\in {\mathfrak {g}}_{1}.} Conditions (1)–(3) are linear and can all be understood in terms of ordinary Lie algebras. Condition (4) is nonlinear, and is the most difficult one to verify when constructing a Lie superalgebra starting from an ordinary Lie algebra ( g 0 {\displaystyle {\mathfr... | Super Lie algebra | 0.797624 |
91,075 | In chemistry, a stripping reaction is a chemical process, studied in a molecular beam, in which the reaction products are scattered forward with respect to the moving centre of mass of the system. == References == | Stripping reaction (chemistry) | 0.797624 |
91,076 | Introduction to Marine Biology (4th ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-133-36446-7. | European storm petrel | 0.797623 |
91,077 | This means that the topology induced on X n {\displaystyle X_{n}} by X n + 1 {\displaystyle X_{n+1}} is identical to the original topology on X n . {\displaystyle X_{n}.} Some authors (e.g. Schaefer) define the term "LB-space" to mean "strict LB-space," so when reading mathematical literature, its recommended to always... | LB-space | 0.797623 |
91,078 | Mean-field theory for finite nuclei was handled Blunden et al. Infinite nuclear matter was handled within mean-field theory and also including correlations. Applications to deep inelastic scattering were made by Miller and Smith. The principal physics conclusion is that the EMC effect (nuclear modification of quark dis... | Light-front quantization | 0.797623 |
91,079 | Hazen adapted the data to the guns for precise firing control and accuracy. Other improvements of a similar type by Bell Labs increased firing stability so that output from the differential engines could be fully used to compensate for stochastic behaviors of enemy aircraft and large guns. A new age of intelligent warf... | History of numerical solution of differential equations using computers | 0.797623 |
91,080 | The full details of the action in a Crookes tube are complicated, because it contains a nonequilibrium plasma of positively charged ions, electrons, and neutral atoms which are constantly interacting. At higher gas pressures, above 10−6 atm (0.1 Pa), this creates a glow discharge; a pattern of different colored glowing... | Crookes tube | 0.797623 |
91,081 | An algebraic construction is a method by which an algebraic entity is defined or derived from another. Instances include: Cayley–Dickson construction Proj construction Grothendieck group Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction Ultraproduct ADHM construction Burnside ring Simplicial set Fox derivative Mapping cone (homologic... | List of algebraic constructions | 0.797622 |
91,082 | The reals and the p-adic numbers are the completions of the rationals; it is also possible to complete other fields, for instance general algebraic number fields, in an analogous way. This will be described now. Suppose D is a Dedekind domain and E is its field of fractions. Pick a non-zero prime ideal P of D. If x is ... | Ring of p-adic integers | 0.797622 |
91,083 | Related to its ability to dissolve many salts, DMSO is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. Illustrative is the complex dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) (RuCl2(dmso)4). In this complex, three DMSO ligands are bonded to ruthenium through sulfur. The fourth DMSO is bonded through oxygen. | Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 0.797622 |
91,084 | In molecular biology, the δ (delta) subunit of DNA polymerase III is encoded by the holA gene in E. coli and other bacteria. Along with the γ, δ', χ, and ψ subunits that make up the core polymerase, and the β accessory proteins, the δ subunit is responsible for the high speed and processivity of polIII. == References =... | DNA polymerase III, delta subunit | 0.797622 |
91,085 | Green's third identity derives from the second identity by choosing φ = G, where the Green's function G is taken to be a fundamental solution of the Laplace operator, ∆. This means that: For example, in R3, a solution has the form Green's third identity states that if ψ is a function that is twice continuously differen... | Green's identities | 0.797622 |
91,086 | The target of reduction in canning is the 12-D reduction of C. botulinum, which means that processing time will reduce the amount of this bacteria by a factor of 1012. The DR for C. botulinum is 0.21 minute (12.6 seconds). A 12-D reduction will take 2.52 minutes (151 seconds). This is taught in university courses in fo... | Thermal death time | 0.797621 |
91,087 | : 10 This is complicated, since the smoke split (demarking the "rear of the cabinet") is an invisible line that extends the width of the cabinet (approximately 10-14 inches from the front grille) and drifts as the internal HEPA filters load with particulate.The Type B2 cabinet (also known as a Total Exhaust BSC) is exp... | Biosafety cabinet | 0.797621 |
91,088 | The Three Laws, presented to be from the fictional "Handbook of Robotics, 56th Edition, 2058 A.D. ", are: | Three Laws of Robotics | 0.797621 |
91,089 | In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are Lewis bases. Nucleophilic describes the affinity of a nucleophile to bond... | Nucleophile | 0.79762 |
91,090 | Heterogamy (Ancient Greek ἕτερος heteros = "other, another" + γάμος gámos = "marriage") – in cell biology – is a synonym of anisogamy, involving differently sized male and female gametes produced by different sexes or mating types in a species. Apogamy (Ancient Greek αρο - apo = from, of + γάμος gámos) – in botany – is... | Gametogamy | 0.79762 |
91,091 | Consider a number field K and a natural number n. Let S be a finite (possibly empty) set of primes of K and put K ( n , S ) := { x ∈ K ∣ x ∈ K p n f o r a l l p ∉ S } . {\displaystyle K(n,S):=\{x\in K\mid x\in K_{\mathfrak {p}}^{n}\mathrm {\ for\ all\ } {\mathfrak {p}}\not \in S\}.} The Grunwald–Wang theorem says that ... | Grunwald–Wang theorem | 0.79762 |
91,092 | His career as a physicist began at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and was a Fellow of the American-Scandinavian Foundation. Later in 1957, he went to Syracuse University as a postdoc to research quantum gravity - collaborating with Peter Bergmann, and remained at Syracuse as assistant professor and associate p... | Arthur Komar | 0.79762 |
91,093 | The Mirsky–Newman theorem, a special case of the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture, states that there is no disjoint distinct covering system. This result was conjectured in 1950 by Paul Erdős and proved soon thereafter by Leon Mirsky and Donald J. Newman. However, Mirsky and Newman never published their proof. The same proo... | Covering system | 0.797619 |
91,094 | In particular the 1965 paper with the innocent title "On the asymptotic behaviour of Bayes estimates in the discrete case II" finds the rather disappointing answer that when sampling from a countably infinite population the Bayesian procedure fails almost everywhere, i.e. one does not obtain the true distribution asymp... | David A. Freedman | 0.797619 |
91,095 | Pierre's father was chemistry professor Victor Auger. Pierre Auger was a student at the École normale supérieure in Paris from 1919 to 1922, the year when he passed the agrégation of physics. He then joined the physical chemistry laboratory of the faculté des sciences of the University of Paris under the direction of J... | Pierre Victor Auger | 0.797619 |
91,096 | The real dimension of a set of real points, typically a semialgebraic set, is the dimension of its Zariski closure. For a semialgebraic set S, the real dimension is one of the following equal integers: The real dimension of S {\displaystyle S} is the dimension of its Zariski closure. The real dimension of S {\displayst... | Dimension of an algebraic variety | 0.797619 |
91,097 | In six-dimensional geometry, a truncated 6-simplex is a convex uniform 6-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 6-simplex. There are unique 3 degrees of truncation. Vertices of the truncation 6-simplex are located as pairs on the edge of the 6-simplex. Vertices of the bitruncated 6-simplex are located on the trian... | Truncated 6-simplex | 0.797619 |
91,098 | However, although this equation worked, Planck himself said unless he could explain the formula derived from a "lucky intuition" into one of "true meaning" in physics, it did not have true significance. Planck explained that thereafter followed the hardest work of his life. Planck did not believe in atoms, nor did he t... | Plancks law | 0.797618 |
91,099 | The syngas passes through the porous disk and is collected downstream in the tube. No external heating is needed because the chemical reactions release enough heat to break up molecules of oil or sugar following in their wake.An initial supply of heat is necessary to achieve temperatures of 300 °C, after which the reac... | Reactive flash volatilization | 0.797618 |
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