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91,900 | Reviews have been positive including being awarded Honorable Mention in Cosmology and Astronomy in the 2010 PROSE Awards and named an Outstanding University Press Book for Public and Secondary School Libraries by the Association of American University Presses. | The 50 Most Extreme Places in Our Solar System | 0.79746 |
91,901 | In 2000, Shapiro joined the faculty of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University. At Hopkins, the goal was to show how to use the facilities provided by the EROS kernel to construct secure and defensible servers at application level. | EROS (microkernel) | 0.797459 |
91,902 | The VencoPy model framework can be used to investigate interactions between the uptake of battery electric vehicles (BEV) and the electricity system at large. More specifically, BEVs can usefully contribute to short‑haul storage in power systems facing high shares of fluctuating renewable energy. But unlike dedicated g... | Open energy system models | 0.797459 |
91,903 | The HDFS is not restricted to MapReduce jobs. It can be used for other applications, many of which are under development at Apache. The list includes the HBase database, the Apache Mahout machine learning system, and the Apache Hive data warehouse. Theoretically, Hadoop could be used for any workload that is batch-orie... | Apache Hadoop | 0.797459 |
91,904 | Tutte's work in graph theory includes the structure of cycle spaces and cut spaces, the size of maximum matchings and existence of k-factors in graphs, and Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian graphs. He disproved Tait's conjecture, on the Hamiltonicity of polyhedral graphs, by using the construction known as Tutte's fragme... | W. T. Tutte | 0.797459 |
91,905 | A major function of H-NS is to influence DNA topology (Figure 2). H-NS is responsible for formation of nucleofilaments along the DNA and DNA-DNA bridges. H-NS is known as a passive DNA bridger, meaning that it binds two distant segments of DNA and remains stationary, forming a loop. This DNA loop formation allows H-NS ... | Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein | 0.797459 |
91,906 | Lior Samuel Pachter is a computational biologist. He works at the California Institute of Technology, where he is the Bren Professor of Computational Biology. He has widely varied research interests including genomics, combinatorics, computational geometry, machine learning, scientific computing, and statistics. | Lior Pachter | 0.797459 |
91,907 | the inner product.A right Hilbert algebra is defined similarly (with an involution ♭) with left and right reversed in the conditions above. A (unimodular) Hilbert algebra is a left Hilbert algebra for which ♯ is an isometry, in other words (x, y) = (y♯, x♯). In this case the involution is denoted by x* instead of x♯ an... | Tomita–Takesaki theory | 0.797459 |
91,908 | A review from 2015 states that the microbiome influences the central nervous system by “regulating brain chemistry and influencing neuro-endocrine systems associated with stress response, anxiety and memory function”. The gut, sometimes referred to as the “second brain”, functions off of the same type of neural network... | Gut-brain axis | 0.797459 |
91,909 | Lang, Serge (1987). Linear Algebra (3rd ed.). ISBN 978-0-387-96412-6. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.797458 |
91,910 | Projective geometry formalizes one of the central principles of perspective art: that parallel lines meet at infinity, and therefore are drawn that way. In essence, a projective geometry may be thought of as an extension of Euclidean geometry in which the "direction" of each line is subsumed within the line as an extra... | Axioms of projective geometry | 0.797458 |
91,911 | Douglas James Tobias is an American chemist who is professor and chair of the department of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research is in the fields of biophysical, theoretical, and computational chemistry. He was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 200... | Douglas Tobias | 0.797458 |
91,912 | Abhik Ghosh (Bengali: অভীক ঘোষ) is an Indian inorganic chemist and materials scientist and a professor of chemistry at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Norway. | Abhik Ghosh | 0.797458 |
91,913 | The size of the recovery effect depends on the battery load, recovery time and depth of discharge.Even though the recovery effect phenomenon is more prominent in the lead acid battery chemistry, its existence in alkaline, Ni-MH and Li-Ion batteries is still questionable. For instance, a systematic experimental case stu... | Recovery effect | 0.797458 |
91,914 | The divergence theorem follows from the fact that if a volume V is partitioned into separate parts, the flux out of the original volume is equal to the sum of the flux out of each component volume. This is true despite the fact that the new subvolumes have surfaces that were not part of the original volume's surface, b... | Gauss's theorem | 0.797458 |
91,915 | ARMbasic BASIC compiler for ARM processors, ported to a number of popular ARM development PCBs. APU BASIC version of SORD CBASIC for the M23 with arithmetic processor Aribas interactive interpreter for big integer arithmetic and multi-precision floating point arithmetic with a Pascal/Modula-like syntax. It has several ... | BASIC dialects | 0.797457 |
91,916 | The functional equation shows that the Riemann zeta function has zeros at −2, −4,.... These are called the trivial zeros. They are trivial in the sense that their existence is relatively easy to prove, for example, from sin πs/2 being 0 in the functional equation. The non-trivial zeros have captured far more attention ... | Riemann zeta-function | 0.797457 |
91,917 | His second proof was geometric. If f ( a ) = c {\displaystyle f(a)=c} and f ( b ) = d {\displaystyle f(b)=d} , the theorem can be written: ∫ c d f − 1 ( y ) d y + ∫ a b f ( x ) d x = b d − a c . {\displaystyle \int _{c}^{d}f^{-1}(y)\,dy+\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx=bd-ac.} | Integration of inverse functions | 0.797457 |
91,918 | Measuring real time power dissipation is critical in thermal analysis of a new design of HW like processors (CPU) just as it is important for OS programmers writing process schedulers. Researchers discovered that knowing the real-time power consumption on a subsystem level like CPU, hard drives, memory and other device... | Run-time estimation of system and sub-system level power consumption | 0.797456 |
91,919 | Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence." Attention has also been described as the allocation of limited cognitive processing resources. Attention is manifested by an attentional bottleneck, in terms of the amount of data the brain can process each second; for example, in human vision, only les... | Visual attention | 0.797456 |
91,920 | In physics, strain scanning is the general name for various techniques that aim to measure the strain in a crystalline material through its effect on the diffraction of X-rays and neutrons. In these methods the material itself is used as a form of strain gauge. The various methods are derived from powder diffraction bu... | Strain scanning | 0.797456 |
91,921 | Hanser Gardner. ISBN 978-1-56990-019-2.Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de (1996). Scaling concepts in polymer physics (5. print. | List of important publications in physics | 0.797455 |
91,922 | Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 32 (7): 501–513. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2009.06.001. PMID 19541445. | Sulfurisphaera | 0.797455 |
91,923 | DFXM has been used for the non-destructive investigation of polycrystalline materials and composites, revealing the 3D microstructure, phases, orientation of individual grains, and local strains. It has also been used for in situ studies of materials recrystallisation, dislocations and other defects, and the deformatio... | Dark-field X-ray microscopy | 0.797454 |
91,924 | In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension. Many fractals appear similar at various scales, as illustrated in successive magnifications of the Mandelbrot set. This exhibition of... | Fractal geometry | 0.797453 |
91,925 | For example, a hemispherical dome can be 2.5 times thinner than a semicircular arch, and a dome with the profile of an equilateral arch can be thinner still.The optimal shape for a masonry dome of equal thickness provides for perfect compression, with none of the tension or bending forces against which masonry is weak.... | Dome | 0.797453 |
91,926 | A description of this in terms of Promise Theory and Semantic Spacetime has been developed in a series of papers called Motion of the Third Kind. Burgess has claimed that we should expect to "rediscover physics again in the cloud".Trust is the underlying measure of promise keeping in Promise Theory. Semantic Spacetime ... | Semantic spacetime | 0.797452 |
91,927 | In ecology, base-richness is the level of chemical bases in water or soil, such as calcium or magnesium ions. Many organisms prefer base-rich environments. Chemical bases are alkalis, hence base-rich environments are either neutral or alkaline. | Base-rich soil | 0.797452 |
91,928 | Stellar X-ray astronomy is said to have started on April 5, 1974, with the detection of X-rays from Capella. A rocket flight on that date briefly calibrated its attitude control system when a star sensor pointed the payload axis at Capella (α Aur). During this period, X-rays in the range 0.2–1.6 keV were detected by an... | High-Energy Focusing Telescope | 0.797451 |
91,929 | American Chemical Society Analytical Division AES Electrophoresis Society American Society for Mass Spectrometry Anachem Coblentz Society Council for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared Raman and Discussion Group International Society of Automation Analysis Division The North American Society for Laser-Induced Breakdow... | Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies | 0.797451 |
91,930 | Vector calculus concerns differentiation and integration of vector or scalar fields. Several notations specific to the case of three-dimensional Euclidean space are common. Assume that (x, y, z) is a given Cartesian coordinate system, that A is a vector field with components A = ( A x , A y , A z ) {\displaystyle \math... | Newton notation for differentiation | 0.797451 |
91,931 | In mathematics, the group Hopf algebra of a given group is a certain construct related to the symmetries of group actions. Deformations of group Hopf algebras are foundational in the theory of quantum groups. | Group Hopf algebra | 0.797451 |
91,932 | Deakin University Lecturer in Health Ethics and Professionalism Tamara Kayali Browne and University of Oxford Senior Research Fellow Steve Clarke understand bioconservatism (a portmanteau of the words biology and conservatism) as "a term that is often used to describe those who wish to conserve humanity as it is, and s... | Bioconservatism | 0.797451 |
91,933 | The quality and stability of the ion beam needs to be considered carefully, due to the fact that only the ions with the correct flight trajectory can be injected in the cyclotron and accelerated to the desired energy.During ERDA, the idea is to place an ion beam source at a grazing angle to the sample. In this set up, ... | Elastic recoil detection | 0.797451 |
91,934 | In ring theory, a Peirce decomposition is a decomposition of an algebra as a sum of eigenspaces of commuting idempotent elements. The Peirce decomposition for associative algebras was introduced by Benjamin Peirce (1870, proposition 41, page 13). A similar but more complicated Peirce decomposition for Jordan algebras w... | Peirce decomposition | 0.797451 |
91,935 | Andrews and Curtis formulated the conjecture in a 1965 paper; it remains open. Together with Gustav A. Hedlund and Roger Lyndon, he proved the Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem characterizing cellular automata as being defined by continuous equivariant functions on a shift space.Curtis was the author of two books, Matrix G... | Morton L. Curtis | 0.797451 |
91,936 | This is the first essential step of the algorithm. It makes use of the following theorem:Theorem: For an undirected graph, G, the following properties are equivalent: Graph G is triangulated. The clique graph of G has a junction tree. | Junction tree algorithm | 0.797451 |
91,937 | While a high level of autoimmunity is unhealthy, a low level of autoimmunity may actually be beneficial. Taking the experience of a beneficial factor in autoimmunity further, one might hypothesize with intent to prove that autoimmunity is always a self-defense mechanism of the mammal system to survive. The system does ... | Autoantigen | 0.79745 |
91,938 | Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, commonly known as IXPE or SMEX-14, is a space observatory with three identical telescopes designed to measure the polarization of cosmic X-rays of black holes, neutron stars, and pulsars. The observatory, which was launched on 9 December 2021, is an international collaboration betwee... | IXPE | 0.79745 |
91,939 | As a result, a large number of fraud cases remain undetected and unprosecuted. In order to effectively test, detect, validate, correct error and monitor control systems against fraudulent activities, businesses entities and organizations rely on specialized data analytics techniques such as data mining, data matching, ... | Data analysis for fraud detection | 0.79745 |
91,940 | Fogel, Lawrence J. Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications. Prentice Hall, New York, 1963. (reprinted in 2012 by Literary Licensing, LLC). Maxfield, Miles, Callahan, Arthur, and Fogel, Lawrence J. Biophysics and Cybernetic Systems: Proceedings of the Second Cybernetic Sciences Symposium. | Lawrence J. Fogel | 0.79745 |
91,941 | The intuitive reason that using an additional explanatory variable cannot lower the R2 is this: Minimizing S S res {\displaystyle SS_{\text{res}}} is equivalent to maximizing R2. When the extra variable is included, the data always have the option of giving it an estimated coefficient of zero, leaving the predicted val... | Adjusted R-squared | 0.797449 |
91,942 | The incomplete gamma functions are available in various of the computer algebra systems. Even if unavailable directly, however, incomplete function values can be calculated using functions commonly included in spreadsheets (and computer algebra packages). In Excel, for example, these can be calculated using the gamma f... | Upper incomplete gamma function | 0.797449 |
91,943 | Jay Garfield in the New York Times wrote that Kurzweil is "clear, current and informative" when writing about areas he has worked directly in, but "sloppy and vague" when talking about philosophy, logic and psychology. Of the prediction for a "translating telephone" by the first decade of the 21st century, Garfield say... | The Age of Intelligent Machines | 0.797448 |
91,944 | Mathematics of Operations Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in February 1976. It focuses on areas of mathematics relevant to the field of operations research such as continuous optimization, discrete optimization, game theory, machine learning, simulation methodology, and stochastic m... | Mathematics of Operations Research | 0.797448 |
91,945 | The average of this derivative over a duration of time, τ, is defined as from which we obtain the exact equation The virial theorem states that if ⟨dG/dt⟩τ = 0, then There are many reasons why the average of the time derivative might vanish, ⟨dG/dt⟩τ = 0. One often-cited reason applies to stably-bound systems, that is ... | Virial Theorem | 0.797448 |
91,946 | Paul Erdős gave a proof that also relies on the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Every positive integer has a unique factorization into a square-free number and a square number rs2. For example, 75,600 = 24 33 52 71 = 21 ⋅ 602. Let N be a positive integer, and let k be the number of primes less than or equal to N. Ca... | Infinitude of the prime numbers | 0.797448 |
91,947 | In the mid-18th century, it became apparent that certain progressions of mathematical reasoning recurred when similar ideas were studied on the number line, in two dimensions, and in three dimensions. Thus the general concept of a metric space was created so that the reasoning could be done in more generality, and then... | History of geometry | 0.797448 |
91,948 | 2, Springer, ISBN 3-540-57063-2 Doran, Chris J. L. (1994), Geometric Algebra and its Application to Mathematical Physics (PhD thesis), University of Cambridge, doi:10.17863/CAM.16148, hdl:1810/251691, OCLC 53604228 Baylis, W. E., ed. (2011) , Clifford (Geometric) Algebra with Applications to Physics, Mathematics, and E... | Geometric algebra | 0.797448 |
91,949 | This result is an isotopy version of the strong Whitney embedding theorem. As an isotopy version of his embedding result, Haefliger proved that if N is a compact n-dimensional k-connected manifold, then any two embeddings of N into R 2 n − k + 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n-k+1}} are isotopic provided 2k + 2 ≤ n. Th... | Whitney trick | 0.797448 |
91,950 | In classical mechanics, a special status is assigned to time in the sense that it is treated as a classical background parameter, external to the system itself. This special role is seen in the standard formulation of quantum mechanics. It is regarded as part of a priori given classical background with a well defined v... | Problem of time | 0.797448 |
91,951 | The paperclip maximizer is a thought experiment described by Swedish philosopher Nick Bostrom in 2003. It illustrates the existential risk that an artificial general intelligence may pose to human beings were it to be successfully designed to pursue even seemingly harmless goals and the necessity of incorporating machi... | Paperclip maximizer | 0.797447 |
91,952 | Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) is a subfield of machine learning that combines reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning. RL considers the problem of a computational agent learning to make decisions by trial and error. Deep RL incorporates deep learning into the solution, allowing agents to make decisions fr... | Deep reinforcement learning | 0.797447 |
91,953 | Its approach and structure was later incorporated in the National Curriculum Project requested by the NSF, called The Project Physics Course. He headed it with colleagues F. James Rutherford and Fletcher Watson. It was also adapted in a number of foreign countries. | Gerald Holton | 0.797447 |
91,954 | The method of Fourier-transform spectroscopy can also be used for absorption spectroscopy. The primary example is "FTIR Spectroscopy", a common technique in chemistry. In general, the goal of absorption spectroscopy is to measure how well a sample absorbs or transmits light at each different wavelength. Although absorp... | Fourier transform spectrograph | 0.797447 |
91,955 | He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Physics from Imperial College London in 1989 and he completed his Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Southampton in 1992. Johnson's research focus is in superstring theory and particle physics, specifically related to strongly coupled phenom... | Clifford V. Johnson | 0.797446 |
91,956 | Lasofoxifene interaction with ERα is typical of those between SERM-ERα such as a nearly planar topology (the tetrahydronapthalene carbocycle), hydrogen bonding with Arg-394 and Glu-353 and the phenyl side chains of lasofoxifene filling the C-ring and D-ring volume of the ligand-binding pocket. Lasofoxifene diverts heli... | Selective estrogen receptor modulator | 0.797446 |
91,957 | In 2002 he was awarded competitively a Breast Cancer Concept Award by the U.S. Department of Defense as recommended by the Congressionally-directed Medical Research Programs. He has published over thirty peer-reviewed original research articles (Google Scholar) in the specialty of mitochondrial bioenergetics and molecu... | Ernesto Bustamante | 0.797446 |
91,958 | Many problems and theorems in graph theory have to do with various ways of coloring graphs. Typically, one is interested in coloring a graph so that no two adjacent vertices have the same color, or with other similar restrictions. One may also consider coloring edges (possibly so that no two coincident edges are the sa... | Algorithmic graph theory | 0.797446 |
91,959 | In fact, for each criterion above, there are equivalent conditions for the Weyl tensor to have that type. These equivalent conditions are stated in terms of the dual and self-dual of the Weyl tensor and certain bivectors and are collected together in Hall (2004). The Bel criteria find application in general relativity ... | Algebraically special | 0.797446 |
91,960 | There are many examples of integral closure which can be found in algebraic number theory since it is fundamental for defining the ring of integers for an algebraic field extension K / Q {\displaystyle K/\mathbb {Q} } (or L / Q p {\displaystyle L/\mathbb {Q} _{p}} ). | Absolute integral closure | 0.797445 |
91,961 | During his studies he worked part-time for the Losberger company in Heilbronn (now Losberger De Boer in Bad Rappenau). After completing his studies he worked for Losberger full-time as a structural engineer in the Single-Storey Sheds Department.In 1974 he was granted a place to study civil engineering and physical engi... | Karl-Eugen Kurrer | 0.797445 |
91,962 | Smoothness of the map Π {\displaystyle \Pi } can be regarded as a technicality, in that any continuous homomorphism will automatically be smooth.We can alternatively describe a representation of a Lie group G {\displaystyle G} as a linear action of G {\displaystyle G} on a vector space V {\displaystyle V} . Notationall... | Representation theory of Lie groups | 0.797445 |
91,963 | At Manchester he engaged in experimental and theoretical research in the field of particle physics, with particular interest in the behaviours of particles in high energy colliders as at the ATLAS experiment and Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiments, part of the Large Hadron Collider particle accelerator research at ... | Jeff Forshaw | 0.797445 |
91,964 | Advances in Mathematical Physics 2010 (2010) with Ph. Blanchard: Direction of Time. Berlin: Springer (2016) | Sergio Albeverio | 0.797445 |
91,965 | Capex Corporation developed the "COBOL Optimizer" in the mid-1970s for COBOL. This type of optimizer depended, in this case, upon knowledge of "weaknesses" in the standard IBM COBOL compiler, and actually replaced (or patched) sections of the object code with more efficient code. The replacement code might replace a li... | History of compiler construction | 0.797445 |
91,966 | Points with no upstream segments in the distance function. The upstream of a point x is the segment starting at x which follows the maximal gradient path. Points where the gradient of the distance function are different from 1 (or, equivalently, not well defined) Smallest possible set of lines that preserve the topolog... | Topological skeleton | 0.797445 |
91,967 | In fundamental quantum mechanics, we learn that an algebra of operators is defined by commutation relations among those operators. For example, the canonical operators of position and momentum have the commutator = i {\displaystyle =i} . (Here, we use "natural units" where Planck's constant is set equal to 1.) A more ... | Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics | 0.797445 |
91,968 | Lisp (historically LISP, an acronym for list processing) is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation. Originally specified in 1960, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran. Lisp has changed since its... | Lisp programming language | 0.797445 |
91,969 | MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography has been widely applied outside of island ecosystems. For microbiota, the theory has been applied to the distribution of ectomycorrihzal fungi on trees, the distribution of bacteria in water-filled treeholes, and the distribution of fungi among shrubs. While for flor... | The Theory of Island Biogeography | 0.797445 |
91,970 | Unlike classical digital states (which are discrete), a qubit is continuous-valued, describable by a direction on the Bloch sphere. Despite being continuously valued in this way, a qubit is the smallest possible unit of quantum information, and despite the qubit state being continuous-valued, it is impossible to measur... | Quantum Information | 0.797445 |
91,971 | These cryptographic systems rely on the properties of isogeny graphs of elliptic curves (and higher-dimensional abelian varieties) over finite fields, in particular supersingular isogeny graphs, to create cryptographic systems. Among the more well-known representatives of this field are the Diffie-Hellman-like key exch... | Post-quantum cryptography | 0.797444 |
91,972 | Every Halin graph is 3-connected, meaning that it is not possible to delete two vertices from it and disconnect the remaining vertices. It is edge-minimal 3-connected, meaning that if any one of its edges is removed, the remaining graph will no longer be 3-connected. By Steinitz's theorem, as a 3-connected planar graph... | Halin graph | 0.797444 |
91,973 | The wet chemistry lab (WCL) sensor assembly and leaching solution were designed and built by Thermo Fisher Scientific. The WCL actuator assembly was designed and built by Starsys Research in Boulder, Colorado. Tufts University developed the reagent pellets, barium ISE, and ASV electrodes, and performed the preflight ch... | Phoenix (spacecraft) | 0.797444 |
91,974 | HZDR conducts research in the materials, health and energy sectors in Dresden and at four other locations in Germany and one in France. In Grenoble, it operates a beamline for radiochemistry research at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Three of HZDR's five large-scale facilities are available to inte... | Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf | 0.797444 |
91,975 | spectroscopy speed of light spherical astronomy Also positional astronomy. A branch of observational astronomy which is used to locate the positions of astronomical objects on the celestial sphere as they would appear from a particular date, time, and location on Earth. It relies on the mathematical methods of spherica... | Thin disk population | 0.797444 |
91,976 | He was awarded a doctorate in geophysics in 1951. From 1969 to 1989 he was a Royal Society Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge. His research areas included both pure mathematics (projective geometry, polytopes, random functions and surfaces) and applied mathematics (fluid dynamics, microseisms, the generatio... | Michael S. Longuet-Higgins | 0.797444 |
91,977 | A nonzero function and its Fourier transform cannot both be sharply localized at the same time. A similar tradeoff between the variances of Fourier conjugates arises in all systems underlain by Fourier analysis, for example in sound waves: A pure tone is a sharp spike at a single frequency, while its Fourier transform ... | Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle | 0.797443 |
91,978 | Notice that ( W ; M 0 , M 1 ) {\displaystyle (W;M_{0},M_{1})} in the definition of S h ( X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{h}(X)} resp. S s ( X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{s}(X)} is an h-cobordism resp. an s-cobordism. Using the s-cobordism theorem we obtain another description for the simple structure set S s ( ... | Surgery structure set | 0.797443 |
91,979 | In the mathematical theory of automorphic representations, a multiplicity-one theorem is a result about the representation theory of an adelic reductive algebraic group. The multiplicity in question is the number of times a given abstract group representation is realised in a certain space, of square-integrable functio... | Multiplicity-one theorem | 0.797442 |
91,980 | Jet, being part of a relational database management system (RDBMS), allows the manipulation of relational databases. It offers a single interface that other software can use to access Microsoft databases and provides support for security, referential integrity, transaction processing, indexing, record and page locking,... | Jet Database Engine | 0.797442 |
91,981 | While nonrigidity is common for pentacoordinate species, six-coordinate species typically adopt a more rigid octahedral molecular geometry, featuring close-packed array of six ligating atoms surrounding a central atom. Such compounds do rearrange intramolecularly via the Ray-Dutt twist and the Bailar twist, but the bar... | Fluxional molecule | 0.797442 |
91,982 | A toxicophore is a chemical structure or a portion of a structure (e.g., a functional group) that is related to the toxic properties of a chemical. Toxicophores can act directly (e.g., dioxins) or can require metabolic activation (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines). Most toxic substances exert their toxicity through ... | Toxicophore | 0.797442 |
91,983 | Surprisal analysis is an information-theoretical analysis technique that integrates and applies principles of thermodynamics and maximal entropy. Surprisal analysis is capable of relating the underlying microscopic properties to the macroscopic bulk properties of a system. It has already been applied to a spectrum of d... | Surprisal analysis | 0.797441 |
91,984 | Callen then pioneered the thermodynamic Green's functions for magnetism. With his students, he studied many-body problems involving spin operators. This led to the discovery of some useful methods of approximations.The first edition of his classic text Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics was publishe... | Herbert Callen | 0.797441 |
91,985 | Physical map is a technique used in molecular biology to find the order and physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers. It is one of the gene mapping techniques which can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs with high accuracy. Genetic mapping, another approach of gene mapping, can provide markers need... | Physical mapping | 0.797441 |
91,986 | The eyeball theorem is a statement in elementary geometry about a property of a pair of disjoined circles. More precisely it states the following: For two nonintersecting circles c P {\displaystyle c_{P}} and c Q {\displaystyle c_{Q}} centered at P {\displaystyle P} and Q {\displaystyle Q} the tangents from P onto c Q ... | Eyeball theorem | 0.797441 |
91,987 | Since for any irreducible representation for which m ≠ n it is essential to operate over the field of complex numbers, the direct sum of representations (m, n) and (n, m) have particular relevance to physics, since it permits to use linear operators over real numbers. (1/2, 0) ⊕ (0, 1/2) is the bispinor representation.... | Representation theory of the Lorentz group | 0.797441 |
91,988 | Shannon's formulation defaults to Boltzmann's 19th century formulation of entropy in case all probabilities are equal. Entropy is now widely used in diverse fields of science from thermodynamics to quantum chemistry.Martingales for the study of chance and betting strategies were introduced by Paul Lévy in the 1930s and... | History of randomness | 0.797441 |
91,989 | The Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) is the largest advocacy association in the world representing the biotechnology industry.It was founded in 1993 as the Biotechnology Industry Organization from a merger of the Industrial Biotechnology Association (IBA) and the Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC),... | Biotechnology Innovation Organization | 0.79744 |
91,990 | In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar-valued differentiable function f {\displaystyle f} of several variables is the vector field (or vector-valued function) ∇ f {\displaystyle \nabla f} whose value at a point p {\displaystyle p} is the "direction and rate of fastest increase". If the gradient of a function is n... | Gradient vector | 0.79744 |
91,991 | Nothing I ever do again will mean as much." — Andrew Wiles, as quoted by Simon SinghOn 24 October 1994, Wiles submitted two manuscripts, "Modular elliptic curves and Fermat's Last Theorem" and "Ring theoretic properties of certain Hecke algebras", the second of which was co-authored with Taylor and proved that certain ... | Fermat's conjecture | 0.79744 |
91,992 | A stronger notion of smoothness is that of differentiability (because functions that are differentiable are also continuous) and a yet stronger notion of smoothness is that the derivative also be continuous (these functions are said to be of class C 1 {\displaystyle C^{1}} — see Differentiability classes). Differentiab... | Sobolev space | 0.797439 |
91,993 | PLOS Biology 5: 673-677. Linksvayer, T. A. and R.E. Page 2009. | Robert E. Page Jr. | 0.797439 |
91,994 | Fischer objected to Hahn's contention in his habilitation colloquium that many radioactive substances existed in such tiny amounts that they could only be detected by their radioactivity, venturing that he had always been able to detect substances with his keen sense of smell, but soon gave in. One department head rema... | Otto Hahn | 0.797439 |
91,995 | He began his studies at San Juan Berchmans school in Cali, Colombia.Ríos earned an undergraduate degree in Electronic Engineering at Pontifical Xavierian University and completed his master's at Simon Bolivar University and doctorate studies at USF in Biomedical Engineering. Along with that, he obtained an MBA from ISE... | Álvaro Ríos Poveda | 0.797439 |
91,996 | Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition – the ability to perceive an object's visual physical properties (such as shape, color and texture) and apply semantic attributes to the object, which includes the understanding of its use, previous experience with the object, and how it relates to others. Visual proc... | Outline of the human brain | 0.797439 |
91,997 | Climatology includes some aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry. The main methods employed by climatologists are the analysis of observations and modelling of the physical processes that determine climate. Short term weather forecasting can be interpreted in terms of knowledge of longer-term phenomena of climate,... | Climate Science | 0.797438 |
91,998 | Scholars such as Helen King, Joan Cadden, and Michael Stolberg have criticized this interpretation of history. Cadden notes that the "one-sex" model was disputed even in ancient and medieval medicine, and Stolberg points out that already in the sixteenth century, medicine had begun to move towards a two-sex model. In a... | Gender | 0.797438 |
91,999 | Researchers have tried to develop methods to measure PrPSc, but no methods for use in materials such as blood have been accepted fully.The traditional method of diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of the medulla oblongata of the brain, and other tissues, post mortem. Immunohistochemistry can be used to de... | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy | 0.797438 |
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