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91,800 | In theoretical physics, a dynamical horizon (DH) is a local description (i.e. independent of the global structure of space–time) of evolving black-hole horizons. In the literature there exist two different mathematical formulations of DHs—the 2+2 formulation developed first by Sean Hayward and the 3+1 formulation devel... | Dynamical horizon | 0.79748 |
91,801 | Krylov has developed educational materials (computational labs and tutorials) aiming to increase quantum chemistry literacy among chemists. She has also developed films to help popularize science. The two iOpenShell films, Shine a Light and Laser, have been viewed more than 66,000 times on YouTube since September 2009.... | Anna Krylov | 0.79748 |
91,802 | It can be shown that any stationary flux v(r) that is twice continuously differentiable in R3 and vanishes sufficiently fast for |r| → ∞ can be decomposed uniquely into an irrotational part E(r) and a source-free part B(r). Moreover, these parts are explicitly determined by the respective source densities (see above) a... | Divergence | 0.79748 |
91,803 | states to make the registries interoperable nationally. It also uses machine learning to generate an "Overdose Risk Score" that potentially includes EMS and criminal justice data; these scores have been criticized by researchers and patient advocates for the lack of transparency in the process as well as the potential ... | Prescription monitoring program | 0.79748 |
91,804 | Automated mineralogy solutions are applied in a variety of fields requiring statistically reliable, quantitative mineralogical information. These include the following sectors: mining; O&G; coal; environmental sciences; forensic geosciences; archaeology;agribusiness; built environment and planetary geology. | Automated Mineralogy | 0.797479 |
91,805 | For this problem, numerical optimization may fail unless the initial location and scale parameters are chosen appropriately. However the above-mentioned interpretability of these parameters in the parametrization of B ¯ σ {\displaystyle {\bar {B}}_{\sigma }} can be used to do this. Specifically, the initial values for ... | Generalized logistic distribution | 0.797479 |
91,806 | Complex analysis Differential equations Linear algebra Mathematical system theory Matrices Real analysis Variational calculus | Outline of control engineering | 0.797479 |
91,807 | Single neurons are hypothesized to be simultaneously tuned to several modalities, such as visual, auditory, and olfactory. Neurons hypothesized to be tuned to different signals are often hypothesized to integrate information from the different sources. In computational models called neural networks, such integration is... | Neuronal tuning | 0.797479 |
91,808 | For his research, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913. Onnes conducted an experiment, in 1912, on the usability of superconductivity. Onnes introduced an electric current into a superconductive ring and removed the battery that generated it. | History of superconductivity | 0.797478 |
91,809 | Medical genetics is recognized as a distinct medical specialty. In the U.S., medical genetics has its own approved board (the American Board of Medical Genetics) and clinical specialty college (the American College of Medical Genetics). The college holds an annual scientific meeting, publishes a monthly journal, Geneti... | Medical genetics | 0.797478 |
91,810 | List of artificial intelligence projects Automated Mathematician (1977) – Allen (robot) (late 1980s) – Open Mind Common Sense (1999– ) – Mindpixel (2000–2005) – Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes (2003–2008) – Blue Brain Project (2005–present) – attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the ... | Outline of artificial intelligence | 0.797478 |
91,811 | Originally from Bridgeport, Connecticut, Catlin majored in Mathematics with a B.A. degree from Carnegie Mellon University in 1970.Catlin held a Doctorate in Mathematics degree from Ohio State University. From 1972 to 1973, he was a research and teaching assistant at Ohio State University, where he earned the Master of ... | Paul A. Catlin | 0.797478 |
91,812 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 pentagonal honeycomb (or 5,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an infinite-order pentagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. The... | Order-infinite-3 heptagonal honeycomb | 0.797478 |
91,813 | Localizations are formally étale. Finite separable field extensions are formally étale. More generally, any (commutative) flat separable A-algebra B is formally étale. | Formally etale | 0.797478 |
91,814 | Geometry From Africa: Mathematical and Educational Explorations is a book in ethnomathematics by Paulus Gerdes. It analyzes the mathematics behind geometric designs and patterns from multiple African cultures, and suggests ways of connecting this analysis with the mathematics curriculum. It was published in 1999 by the... | Geometry From Africa | 0.797477 |
91,815 | Means–ends analysis (MEA) is a problem solving technique used commonly in artificial intelligence (AI) for limiting search in AI programs. It is also a technique used at least since the 1950s as a creativity tool, most frequently mentioned in engineering books on design methods. MEA is also related to means–ends chain ... | Means-ends analysis | 0.797477 |
91,816 | The societal impact of nanotechnology are the potential benefits and challenges that the introduction of novel nanotechnological devices and materials may hold for society and human interaction. The term is sometimes expanded to also include nanotechnology's health and environmental impact, but this article will only c... | Societal impact of nanotechnology | 0.797477 |
91,817 | Cederbaum's theorem applies to a particular type of directed graph: G = (V, E). V is the set of nodes. E {\displaystyle E} is the a set of directed edges: E = ( a , b ) ∈ V × V {\displaystyle E=(a,b)\in V\times V} . A positive weight is associated with each edge: wab: E → R+ . Two of the nodes must be s and t: s ∈ V {\... | Cederbaum's maximum flow theorem | 0.797477 |
91,818 | One common approach is to utilize the ability to perform differential operations in various deep learning auto-differentiation frameworks/libraries such as: Tensorflow, PyTorch, Theano. One more approach is to make use of the OpenDR framework to build a forward graphics model and to automatically obtain derivatives wit... | Caustic (optics) | 0.797476 |
91,819 | Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its original sense, nanotechnology refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complet... | Nanotechnology | 0.797476 |
91,820 | In Riemannian geometry, the Cheeger isoperimetric constant of a compact Riemannian manifold M is a positive real number h(M) defined in terms of the minimal area of a hypersurface that divides M into two disjoint pieces. In 1970, Jeff Cheeger proved an inequality that related the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the Lapl... | Cheeger constant | 0.797476 |
91,821 | (July 18, 1995). "Physics: the opening to complexity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. | Philip W. Anderson | 0.797476 |
91,822 | There are about 280 institutions including constituent colleges/departments of universities, deemed universities, affiliated colleges/schools and autonomous institutions that impart architectural education in India leading to recognized qualifications. Indian law recognizes equal rights to Civil Engineer registered wit... | Professional requirements for architects | 0.797476 |
91,823 | Geometric Exercises in Paper Folding is a book on the mathematics of paper folding. It was written by Indian mathematician T. Sundara Row, first published in India in 1893, and later republished in many other editions. Its topics include paper constructions for regular polygons, symmetry, and algebraic curves. Accordin... | Geometric Exercises in Paper Folding | 0.797475 |
91,824 | In algebraic geometry, a Togliatti surface is a nodal surface of degree five with 31 nodes. The first examples were constructed by Eugenio G. Togliatti (1940). Arnaud Beauville (1980) proved that 31 is the maximum possible number of nodes for a surface of this degree, showing this example to be optimal. | Togliatti surface | 0.797475 |
91,825 | In mathematics (more specifically, in homological algebra), group cohomology is a set of mathematical tools used to study groups using cohomology theory, a technique from algebraic topology. Analogous to group representations, group cohomology looks at the group actions of a group G in an associated G-module M to eluci... | Group cohomology | 0.797475 |
91,826 | Harold Jeffreys (British, 1891–1989) – deduced that the Earth's outer core is molten; contributed to mathematical geophysics; Vetlesen Prize Lucy Jones (American, born 1955) – earthquake science and safety Thomas H. Jordan (American, 1948– ) – seismic contributions to plate tectonics James A. Jackson (English, 1954– ) ... | List of geophysicists | 0.797475 |
91,827 | The theory of computation can be considered the creation of models of all kinds in the field of computer science. Therefore, mathematics and logic are used. In the last century, it became an independent academic discipline and was separated from mathematics. Some pioneers of the theory of computation were Ramon Llull, ... | Theory of Computation | 0.797474 |
91,828 | Using P ( ¬ B | A ) = 1 − P ( B | A ) {\displaystyle P(\neg B\vert A)=1-P(B\vert A)} twice, one may use Bayes' theorem to also express P ( ¬ B | ¬ A ) {\displaystyle P(\neg B\vert \neg A)} in terms of P ( A | B ) {\displaystyle P(A\vert B)} and without negations: P ( ¬ B | ¬ A ) = 1 − ( 1 − P ( A | B ) ) P ( B ) P ( ¬ ... | Bayes' Theorem | 0.797474 |
91,829 | UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. It is maintained by the UniProt consortium, which ... | UniProt | 0.797474 |
91,830 | In plasma physics, an electrostatic ion cyclotron wave is a longitudinal oscillation of the ions (and electrons) in a magnetized plasma, propagating nearly (but not exactly) perpendicular to the magnetic field. The angle (in radians) between the direction of propagation and the direction perpendicular to the magnetic f... | Electrostatic ion cyclotron wave | 0.797474 |
91,831 | In first order logic, conjunctive normal form can be taken further to yield the clausal normal form of a logical formula, which can be then used to perform first-order resolution. In resolution-based automated theorem-proving, a CNF formula See below for an example. | Conjunctive normal form | 0.797473 |
91,832 | But humans can read meaning into data and compose stories, even where this is unwarranted. Some scholars suggest that the narrative fallacy and other biases can be avoided by applying standard methodical checks for validity (statistics) and reliability (statistics) in terms of how data (narratives) are collected, analy... | Illness narrative | 0.797473 |
91,833 | On the other hand, to each continuous map there is associated both a direct image functor, taking sheaves and their morphisms on the domain to sheaves and morphisms on the codomain, and an inverse image functor operating in the opposite direction. These functors, and certain variants of them, are essential parts of she... | Sheaf of sets | 0.797473 |
91,834 | In this case, while the system moves throughout the minima of the system, the state is not a quantum coherent one but a statistical mixture. This difference can be observed experimentally.The dynamics is quite different for high energies, such as occur from an optical transition from a non-degenerate initial state with... | Jahn–Teller distortion | 0.797472 |
91,835 | The SQL standard defines embedding of SQL as embedded SQL and the language in which SQL queries are embedded is referred to as the host language. A popular host language is C. Host language C and embedded SQL, for example, is called Pro*C in Oracle and Sybase database management systems, ESQL/C in Informix, and ECPG in... | Embedded SQL | 0.797472 |
91,836 | Trifluoroacetic acid, a moderately strong acid useful in organic chemistry. Heptafluorobutyric acid, a moderately strong acid that is useful in organic and analytical chemistry. Pentafluorobenzoic acid, a moderately strong acid of interest in research community. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),a surfactant used to make f... | Perfluorinated compounds | 0.797472 |
91,837 | Optogenetics began with methods to alter neuronal activity with light, using e.g. channelrhodopsins. In a broader sense, optogenetic approaches also include the use of genetically encoded biosensors to monitor the activity of neurons or other cell types by measuring fluorescence or bioluminescence. Genetically encoded ... | Genetically encoded indicator | 0.797472 |
91,838 | HTTP/1.1 added also HTTP pipelining in order to further reduce lag time when using persistent connections by allowing clients to send multiple requests before waiting for each response. This optimization was never considered really safe because a few web servers and many proxy servers, specially transparent proxy serve... | HTTP response | 0.797472 |
91,839 | NGC 6072 also shows H2 (hydrogen) emission and intense CO (carbon monoxide) emission which has been mapped displaying bipolarity and some gas at high velocity. The evolution of this planetary nebulae is likely to be dominated by photodissociation and ion/radical molecular reactions. Shock chemistry is also likely to be... | NGC 6072 | 0.797472 |
91,840 | The versatile chemistry of elemental sulfur is largely due to catenation. In the native state, sulfur exists as S8 molecules. On heating these rings open and link together giving rise to increasingly long chains, as evidenced by the progressive increase in viscosity as the chains lengthen. Also, sulfur polycations, sul... | Carbon chain | 0.797471 |
91,841 | Gregory M. Fahy is a California-based cryobiologist, biogerontologist, and businessman. He is Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer at Twenty-First Century Medicine, Inc, and has co-founded Intervene Immune, a company developing clinical methods to reverse immune system aging. He is the 2021-2022 President of the... | Greg Fahy | 0.797471 |
91,842 | In this structure, a 0 = ∞ {\displaystyle {\frac {a}{0}}=\infty } can be defined for nonzero a, and a ∞ = 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {a}{\infty }}=0} when a is not ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } . It is the natural way to view the range of the tangent function and cotangent functions of trigonometry: tan(x) approaches the sing... | Division by zero | 0.797471 |
91,843 | The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, is an academic unit within The Faculty of Engineering, at the University of Ottawa. Until 2011 it was called the School of Information Technology and Engineering (SITE), which remains the name of a building on the southern edge of campus. It was formed in 1997 ... | School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (University of Ottawa) | 0.797471 |
91,844 | The invention of antibody phage display revolutionised antibody drug discovery. Initial work was done by laboratories at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Greg Winter and John McCafferty), the Scripps Research Institute (Richard Lerner and Carlos F. Barbas) and the German Cancer Research Centre (Frank Breitling ... | Phage display | 0.797471 |
91,845 | Schur continued the work of his teacher Frobenius with many important works for group theory and representation theory. In addition, he published important results and elegant proofs of known results in almost all branches of classical algebra and number theory. His collected works are proof of this. There, his work on... | Issai Schur | 0.797471 |
91,846 | Examined in an October 1973 issue of Analog, the Enzmann Starship proposed using a 12,000-ton ball of frozen deuterium to power pulse propulsion units. Twice as long as the Empire State Building is tall and assembled in-orbit, the proposed spacecraft would be part of a larger project preceded by interstellar probes and... | Interstellar spacecraft | 0.797471 |
91,847 | The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology operates the International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology program, in collaboration with the Philipps University of Marburg. The degrees are conferred by the university, as is the case for all other IMPRS programs ... | Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology | 0.79747 |
91,848 | Dejean's theorem (formerly Dejean's conjecture) is a statement about repetitions in infinite strings of symbols. It belongs to the field of combinatorics on words; it was conjectured in 1972 by Françoise Dejean and proven in 2009 by Currie and Rampersad and, independently, by Rao. | Dejean's theorem | 0.79747 |
91,849 | Although scabs from smallpox patients are thought to be of low infectivity as a result of binding of the virus in fibrin metric, and transmission by fomites has been considered inefficient compared with respiratory droplet transmission." In an article published in the journal Clinical Microbiology and Infection researc... | Smallpox blanket | 0.79747 |
91,850 | Stress, genetics of the bees, and health can also be contribute to the presence of chalkbrood.Spores of the fungus can last for up to 15 years, which is why old equipment from a previously infected hive should not be used. These spores can last in pollen, honey, and wax. Even though Hornitzky's literature review of art... | Israeli acute paralysis virus | 0.79747 |
91,851 | In computer science (especially parallel computing), synchronization is the coordination of simultaneous threads or processes to complete a task with correct runtime order and no unexpected race conditions; see synchronization (computer science) for details. Synchronization is also an important concept in the following... | Time synchronization | 0.79747 |
91,852 | Living fish afflicted with VHS may appear listless or limp, hang just beneath the surface, or swim very abnormally, such as constant flashing circling due to the tropism of the virus for the brain. External signs may include darker coloration, exophthalmia ("pop eye"), pale or red-dotted gills, sunken eyes, and bleedin... | Viral hemorrhagic septicemia | 0.79747 |
91,853 | The Standard Model of particle physics has three related natural near-symmetries. These state that the universe in which we live should be indistinguishable from one where a certain type of change is introduced. C-symmetry (charge symmetry), a universe where every particle is replaced with its antiparticle P-symmetry (... | Internal symmetries | 0.797469 |
91,854 | This theorem is also known as the Great (or Grand) Orthogonality Theorem. Every group has an identity representation (all group elements mapped onto the real number 1). This is an irreducible representation. The great orthogonality relations immediately imply that ∑ R ∈ G | G | Γ ( μ ) ( R ) n m = 0 {\displaystyle \sum... | Schur orthogonality relations | 0.797469 |
91,855 | Varying these positions R in small steps and repeatedly solving the electronic Schrödinger equation, one obtains Ee as a function of R. This is the potential energy surface (PES): E e ( R ) {\displaystyle E_{e}(\mathbf {R} )} . Because this procedure of recomputing the electronic wave functions as a function of an infi... | Born-Oppenheimer Approximation | 0.797469 |
91,856 | The European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE), also known as Fédération Européenne du Génie Chimique and Europäische Föderation für Chemie-Ingenieur-Wesen, is an association of professional societies in Europe concerned with chemical engineering. It was formed in Paris on 20 June 1953 with 18 societies in 8 co... | European Federation of Chemical Engineering | 0.797469 |
91,857 | Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to a point mutation in DNA in which a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is changed for a (one ring) pyrimidine (T or C), or vice versa. A transversion can be spontaneous, or it can be caused by ionizing radiation or alkylating agents. It can only be reversed by a spontaneous r... | Transversion | 0.797469 |
91,858 | S. S. M. Wong (2008). Introductory Nuclear Physics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-35-276-179-13. == External links == | Spherical tensor | 0.797468 |
91,859 | An early challenge for such systems is that reagent droplet merging was not reproducible for stable emulsions. By adapting the use of an actuated electric field into this geometry, Abate et al. achieved sub-picoliter control of reagent injection. | Droplet-based microfluidics | 0.797468 |
91,860 | Deming held that the disjoint nature of population and sampling frame was inherently problematic once the existence of special-cause variation was admitted, rejecting the general use of probability and conventional statistics in such situations. He articulated the difficulty as the distinction between analytic and enum... | Natural pattern | 0.797468 |
91,861 | VxFS has the fsadm utility that includes defrag operations. JFS has the defragfs utility on IBM operating systems. HFS Plus introduced in 1998 with Mac OS 8.1 has a number of optimizations to the allocation algorithms in an attempt to defragment files while they are being accessed without a separate defragmenter. | Defragmentation software | 0.797468 |
91,862 | Homeostatic capacity refers to the capability of systems to self-stabilize in response to external forces or stressors, or more simply the capability of systems to maintain homeostasis. For living organisms, it is life's foundational trait, consisting of a hierarchy and network of traits endowed by nature and shaped by... | Homeostatic capacity | 0.797467 |
91,863 | Tris(acetonitrile)cyclopentadienylruthenium hexafluorophosphate is an organoruthenium compound with the formula PF6, abbreviated PF6. It is a yellow-brown solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents. The compound is a salt consisting of the hexafluorophosphate anion and the cation +. In coordination chemistry, it i... | Tris(acetonitrile)cyclopentadienylruthenium hexafluorophosphate | 0.797467 |
91,864 | TAP tagging was invented by a research team working in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in the late 1990s (Rigaut et al., 1999, Puig et al.,2001) and proposed as a new tool for proteome exploration. It was used by the team to characterize several protein complexes (Rigaut et al., 1999, Caspary et al. 1999, Bou... | Tandem Affinity Purification | 0.797467 |
91,865 | Alpha-cleavage (α-cleavage) in organic chemistry refers to the act of breaking the carbon-carbon bond adjacent to the carbon bearing a specified functional group. | Alpha cleavage | 0.797466 |
91,866 | If F is a subfield of R then we can consider it as a Hardy field by considering the elements of F as constant functions, that is by considering the number α in F as the constant function fα that maps every x in R to α. This is a field since F is, and since the derivative of every function in this field is 0 which must ... | Hardy field | 0.797466 |
91,867 | The department has elected chairman and vice chairman, and 4 informal groups of professors; geophysics, drilling, production and reservoir engineering. The stated primary purpose of maintaining the informal groups is to take care of the teaching in their respective disciplines. Each group is responsible for offering a ... | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.797466 |
91,868 | The utility maximization problem serves not only as the mathematical foundation of consumer theory but as a metaphysical explanation of it as well. That is, the utility maximization problem is used by economists to not only explain what or how individuals make choices but why individuals make choices as well. The utili... | Microeconomic theory | 0.797466 |
91,869 | Furthermore, If |ΔP| is finite (meaning measurable), then ΔF(P) is known as a finite difference, with specific denotations of DP and DF(P); If |ΔP| is infinitesimal (an infinitely small amount— ι {\displaystyle \iota } —usually expressed in standard analysis as a limit: lim Δ P → 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{\Delta P\righta... | Difference quotient | 0.797466 |
91,870 | In the field of topology, a circle is not limited to the geometric concept, but to all of its homeomorphisms. Two topological circles are equivalent if one can be transformed into the other via a deformation of R3 upon itself (known as an ambient isotopy). | List of specially named circles | 0.797466 |
91,871 | Dvir T, Timko BP, Brigham MD, Naik SR, Karajanagi SS, Levy O, Jin H, Parker KK, Langer R, Kohane DS (25 September 2011). "Nanowired Three-dimensional Cardiac Patches". Nature Nanotechnology. Nature Publishing Group. | Heart nanotechnology | 0.797466 |
91,872 | In 2013, a twin study combined a survey of pairs of twins where one or both had undergone, or had plans and medical approval to undergo, gender transition, with a literature review of published reports of transgender twins. The study found that one third of identical twin pairs in the sample were both transgender: 13 o... | Causes of gender incongruence | 0.797466 |
91,873 | Often the focus of analysis is not the consumer but the product, portfolio, firm, industry or even the economy. For example, a retailer might be interested in predicting store-level demand for inventory management purposes. Or the Federal Reserve Board might be interested in predicting the unemployment rate for the nex... | Predictive classification | 0.797466 |
91,874 | In graph theory, a rainbow-independent set (ISR) is an independent set in a graph, in which each vertex has a different color. Formally, let G = (V, E) be a graph, and suppose vertex set V is partitioned into m subsets V1, …, Vm, called "colors". A set U of vertices is called a rainbow-independent set if it satisfies b... | Rainbow-independent set | 0.797466 |
91,875 | The conformal bootstrap is a non-perturbative mathematical method to constrain and solve conformal field theories, i.e. models of particle physics or statistical physics that exhibit similar properties at different levels of resolution. | Conformal bootstrap | 0.797465 |
91,876 | To prove the perfect graph theorem, Lovász used an operation of replacing vertices in a graph by cliques; it was already known to Berge that, if a graph is perfect, the graph formed by this replacement process is also perfect. Any such replacement process may be broken down into repeated steps of doubling a vertex. If ... | Perfect graph theorem | 0.797465 |
91,877 | Doxastic logic is a type of logic concerned with reasoning about beliefs. The term doxastic derives from the Ancient Greek δόξα (doxa, "opinion, belief"), from which the English term doxa ("popular opinion or belief") is also borrowed. Typically, a doxastic logic uses the notation B x {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}x} to... | Doxastic logic | 0.797465 |
91,878 | Field-testing of Frostban in 1987 was the first release of a genetically modified organism into the environment. The testing was very controversial and drove the formation of US biotechnology policy. Frostban was never marketed. | Ice-minus bacteria | 0.797464 |
91,879 | One measure sometimes applied, especially by more artificial intelligence focused theorists, is a "collective intelligence quotient" (or "cooperation quotient") – which can be normalized from the "individual" intelligence quotient (IQ) – thus making it possible to determine the marginal intelligence added by each new i... | Collective learning | 0.797464 |
91,880 | Geometric cryptography is an area of cryptology where messages and ciphertexts are represented by geometric quantities such as angles or intervals and where computations are performed by ruler and compass constructions. The difficulty or impossibility of solving certain geometric problems like trisection of an angle us... | Geometric cryptography | 0.797464 |
91,881 | In mathematics, the Ax–Grothendieck theorem is a result about injectivity and surjectivity of polynomials that was proved independently by James Ax and Alexander Grothendieck.The theorem is often given as this special case: If P is an injective polynomial function from an n-dimensional complex vector space to itself th... | Ax-Grothendieck theorem | 0.797464 |
91,882 | Allylic strain (also known as A1,3 strain, 1,3-allylic strain, or A-strain) in organic chemistry is a type of strain energy resulting from the interaction between a substituent on one end of an olefin (a synonym for an alkene) with an allylic substituent on the other end. If the substituents (R and R') are large enough... | Allylic strain | 0.797464 |
91,883 | Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS (Russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; 4 October 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and sup... | Vitaly Ginzburg | 0.797464 |
91,884 | The quartet distance is a way of measuring the distance between two phylogenetic trees. It is defined as the number of subsets of four leaves that are not related by the same topology in both trees. | Quartet distance | 0.797463 |
91,885 | Every arrangement of finitely many pseudolines can be extended so that they become lines in a "spread", a type of non-Euclidean incidence geometry in which every two points of a topological plane are connected by a unique line (as in the Euclidean plane) but in which other axioms of Euclidean geometry may not apply.Ano... | Arrangement of lines | 0.797463 |
91,886 | Some compact Hausdorff spaces are not supercompact; such an example is given by the Stone–Čech compactification of the natural numbers (with the discrete topology).A continuous image of a supercompact space need not be supercompact.In a supercompact space (or any continuous image of one), the cluster point of any count... | Supercompact space | 0.797463 |
91,887 | A series of investigations was opened by He's university, local authorities, and the Chinese government. On 26 November 2018, SUSTech released a public notification on its website condemning He's conduct, mentioning the key points as: The research work was conducted off-campus by Associate Professor He Jiankui without ... | He Jiankui affair | 0.797463 |
91,888 | Explosophores are functional groups in organic chemistry that give organic compounds explosive properties. | Explosophore | 0.797463 |
91,889 | Let: d ( i ) = ∑ j w i j {\displaystyle d(i)=\sum \limits _{j}w_{ij}} Also, let D be an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} diagonal matrix with d {\displaystyle d} on the diagonal, and let W {\displaystyle W} be an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} symmetric matrix with w i j = w j i {\displaystyle w_{ij}=w_{ji}} . After so... | Segmentation-based object categorization | 0.797462 |
91,890 | P3G was incorporated in 2004 under the leadership of Bartha Knoppers and Dr. Thomas Hudson, and was established by and for researchers working in the area of population genetics. P3G is funded by Genome Quebec and Genome Canada, as well as other funding agencies. | Public Population Project in Genomics | 0.797461 |
91,891 | Virtual schools are "cybercharter schools" with innovative administrative models and course delivery technology.Education technology also seems to be an interesting method of engaging gifted youths that are under-stimulated in their current educational program. This can be achieved with after-school programs or even te... | Online Education | 0.797461 |
91,892 | The wave function is central to quantum mechanics. It contains the maximum information that can be known about a single particle's quantum state. The square of the wave function is the probability of a particle's location at any given moment. Direct imaging of a wave function used to be considered only a gedanken exper... | Quantum microscopy | 0.797461 |
91,893 | The notion of asymptotic flatness is extremely useful as a technical condition in the study of exact solutions in general relativity and allied theories. There are several reasons for this: Models of physical phenomena in general relativity (and allied physical theories) generally arise as the solution of appropriate s... | Asymptotically flat | 0.797461 |
91,894 | As the weight indirectly generates lift-induced drag, its minimization leads to better aircraft efficiency. For a given payload, a lighter airframe generates a lower drag. Minimizing weight can be achieved through the airframe's configuration, materials science and construction methods. To obtain a longer range, a larg... | Fuel economy in aircraft | 0.797461 |
91,895 | The version of System F used in this article is as an explicitly typed, or Church-style, calculus. The typing information contained in λ-terms makes type-checking straightforward. Joe Wells (1994) settled an "embarrassing open problem" by proving that type checking is undecidable for a Curry-style variant of System F, ... | System F | 0.79746 |
91,896 | The cone over a closed interval I of the real line is a filled-in triangle (with one of the edges being I), otherwise known as a 2-simplex (see the final example). The cone over a polygon P is a pyramid with base P. The cone over a disk is the solid cone of classical geometry (hence the concept's name). The cone over a... | Topological cone | 0.79746 |
91,897 | In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Galileo for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Royal Netherlands Association for Meteorology and Astronomy of the Netherlands. It honors early-17th century astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei. | 55 Cancri b | 0.79746 |
91,898 | The category c is called a stack over the category C with a Grothendieck topology if it is a prestack over C and every descent datum is effective. A descent datum consists roughly of a covering of an object V of C by a family Vi, elements xi in the fiber over Vi, and morphisms fji between the restrictions of xi and xj ... | Stack associated to a scheme | 0.79746 |
91,899 | Philosophical Foundations of Physics: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (1966) by Rudolf Carnap, Basic Books. Republished w/corrections (1995) as An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Dover (New forward). Puzzles and Curious Problems by Henry Ernest Dudeney (1967), Charles Scribner's Sons. | Martin Gardner bibliography | 0.79746 |
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