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93,600 | Shapley returned to complete a six-year high school program in 1.5 years, graduating as class valedictorian.In 1907, Shapley went to the University of Missouri to study journalism. When he learned that the opening of the School of Journalism had been postponed for a year, he decided to study the first subject he came a... | Harlow Shapley | 0.797112 |
93,601 | Mathematically, a set of mutually recursive functions are primitive recursive, which can be proven by course-of-values recursion, building a single function F that lists the values of the individual recursive function in order: F = f 1 ( 0 ) , f 2 ( 0 ) , f 1 ( 1 ) , f 2 ( 1 ) , … , {\displaystyle F=f_{1}(0),f_{2}(0),f... | Mutually recursive | 0.797111 |
93,602 | Changing its stereochemistry affects the norepinephrine and serotonin concentration. Milnacipran is marketed as a racemic mixture. | Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 0.797111 |
93,603 | In commutative algebra, a field of mathematics, the monomial conjecture of Melvin Hochster says the following:Let A be a Noetherian local ring of Krull dimension d and let x1, ..., xd be a system of parameters for A (so that A/(x1, ..., xd) is an Artinian ring). Then for all positive integers t, we have x 1 t ⋯ x d t ∉... | Monomial conjecture | 0.797111 |
93,604 | As of August 2021, the RETScreen software had more than 750,000 users in every country and territory of the world.An independent impact study estimated that by 2013, the use of the RETScreen software had been responsible, worldwide, for over $8 billion in user transaction cost savings, 20 MT per year of greenhouse gas ... | RETScreen | 0.797111 |
93,605 | In optimization theory, the duality principle states that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. In general given two dual pairs separated locally convex spaces ( X , X ∗ ) {\displaystyle \left(X,X^{*}\right)} and ( Y , Y ∗ ) . {\displaystyle \left(Y... | Convex analysis | 0.797111 |
93,606 | The goal set in the Paris Agreement to limit climate change will be difficult to achieve. Many scenarios have been envisioned to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, usually by the name of net zero by 2050. Availability of data Many countries publish statistics on the energy supply and consumption of either their own count... | World energy supply and consumption | 0.797111 |
93,607 | The aldol reaction is particularly useful because two new stereogenic centers are generated in one reaction. The syn/anti convention is commonly used to denote the relative stereochemistry at the α- and β-carbon. The convention applies when propionate (or higher order) nucleophiles are added to aldehydes. The R group o... | Aldol addition | 0.797111 |
93,608 | Differential equations that contain a small parameter that premultiplies the highest order term typically exhibit boundary layers, so that the solution evolves in two different scales. For example, consider the boundary value problem ε u ′ ′ ( x ) + u ′ ( x ) = − e − x , 0 < x < 1 u ( 0 ) = 0 , u ( 1 ) = 1. {\displayst... | Singular perturbation theory | 0.79711 |
93,609 | Starting with two protons combining to give a deuterium nucleus and a positron he found what we now call Branch II of the proton–proton chain. But he did not consider the reaction of two 3He nuclei (Branch I) which we now know to be important. This was part of the body of work in stellar nucleosynthesis for which Bethe... | Proton–proton chain | 0.79711 |
93,610 | In chemistry, the self-energy or Born energy of an ion is the energy associated with the field of the ion itself.In solid state and condensed-matter physics self-energies and a myriad of related quasiparticle properties are calculated by Green's function methods and Green's function (many-body theory) of interacting lo... | Electron self-energy | 0.79711 |
93,611 | Hubble might find water in TrES-1, and it would give a much more precise measurement of the planet's size, and even allow us to search for moons. A satellite is unlikely however, given the likely history and current orbital configuration for the planet, the research team concluded. There are only 11 exomoon candidates ... | TrES-1b | 0.79711 |
93,612 | For example, over any field k, G L ( n ) ≅ ( G m × S L ( n ) ) / μ n . {\displaystyle GL(n)\cong (G_{m}\times SL(n))/\mu _{n}.} It is slightly awkward that the definition of a reductive group over a field involves passage to the algebraic closure. For a perfect field k, that can be avoided: a linear algebraic group G o... | Reductive algebraic group | 0.79711 |
93,613 | Hasse–Schmidt derivations are K-algebra homomorphisms A → A ] . {\displaystyle A\to A].} Composing further with the map which sends a formal power series ∑ a n t n {\displaystyle \sum a_{n}t^{n}} to the coefficient a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} gives a derivation. | Derivation of an algebra | 0.79711 |
93,614 | An experiment involving a bacterium and an electromechanical oscillator has been proposed.In quantum computing the phrase "cat state" sometimes refers to the GHZ state, wherein several qubits are in an equal superposition of all being 0 and all being 1; e.g., | ψ ⟩ = 1 2 ( | 00 … 0 ⟩ + | 11 … 1 ⟩ ) . {\displaystyle |\p... | Schrödinger cat | 0.797109 |
93,615 | By at least 1977, self-propelled geometry cars had emerged. Southern Pacific's GC-1 (built by Plasser American) was among the first and utilized twelve measuring wheels in conjunction with strain gauges, computers, and spreadsheets to give managers a clear picture of the condition of the railroad. Even in 1981, the Enc... | Track geometry car | 0.797109 |
93,616 | In graph theory, a star Sk is the complete bipartite graph K1,k: a tree with one internal node and k leaves (but no internal nodes and k + 1 leaves when k ≤ 1). Alternatively, some authors define Sk to be the tree of order k with maximum diameter 2; in which case a star of k > 2 has k − 1 leaves. A star with 3 edges is... | Star graph | 0.797109 |
93,617 | Notable examples include the classical early 20th Century theories of Johann Heinrich von Thünen, Walter Christaller, and Alfred Weber, and GIS-era algorithms for Location-allocation. Network analysis includes a number of problems and techniques for modeling travel constrained to a linear network or graph, such as road... | Friction of distance | 0.797109 |
93,618 | This is a list of persons known for work in computational chemistry. Reinhart Ahlrichs (1940–2016), developer of TURBOMOLE Norman Allinger (c. 1928–2020), developer of force fields for molecular dynamics Evert Jan Baerends (1945–), developer of Amsterdam Density Functional Kim K. Baldridge, works to develop quantum mec... | List of computational chemists | 0.797109 |
93,619 | IEEE Rebooting Computing began as a multi-society participation from a cross-section of IEEE societies with interest in numerous aspects of computing, including circuits and systems design; architectures; design automation; magnetics; nanotechnology; reliability; and superconductors.IEEE Societies and Councils taking p... | IEEE Rebooting Computing | 0.797109 |
93,620 | 44, Pitman, ISBN 978-0-273-08446-4 Facchini, Alberto (1998), Endomorphism rings and direct sum decompositions in some classes of modules, Birkhäuser Verlag, ISBN 3-7643-5908-0 Faith, Carl (1976), Algebra. II. Ring theory., Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, No. 191. | Uniserial ring | 0.797108 |
93,621 | de Queiroz, Ruy J.G.B. ; de Oliveira, Anjolina (2011), "The Functional Interpretation of Direct Computations", Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Elsevier, 269: 19–40, doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2011.03.003. (Full version of a paper presented at LSFA 2010, Natal, Brazil.) | Curry-Howard equivalence | 0.797108 |
93,622 | Solid-state chemistry, also sometimes referred as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with ... | Solid-state chemistry | 0.797108 |
93,623 | The project began in 1991 in Berkeley when Don Maszle and Frederic Y. Bois translated in C and reorganized a program that Bois had developed at Harvard for his PhD thesis. The primary motivation for the work was to be able to quickly develop and easily maintain PBPK models. However, the syntax was defined with enough g... | MCSim | 0.797108 |
93,624 | Organosilicon compounds, unlike their carbon counterparts, do not have a rich double bond chemistry. Compounds with silene Si=C bonds (also known as alkylidenesilanes) are laboratory curiosities such as the silicon benzene analogue silabenzene. In 1967, Gusel'nikov and Flowers provided the first evidence for silenes fr... | Carbon–silicon bond | 0.797108 |
93,625 | In 1936, Erdős and Turán made the weaker conjecture that any set of integers with positive natural density contains infinitely many 3 term arithmetic progressions. This was proven by Klaus Roth in 1952, and generalized to arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions by Szemerédi in 1975 in what is now known as Szemerédi's ... | Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions | 0.797108 |
93,626 | Robophysics is an emerging scientific field to understand the physical principles of how robots move in the complex real world, analogous to biophysics to understand the motions of biological systems. This emerging area has demonstrated the need for a physics of robotics and reveal interesting problems at the interface... | Robophysics | 0.797107 |
93,627 | Steedman graduated from the University of Sussex in 1968, with a B.Sc. in Experimental Psychology, and from the University of Edinburgh in 1973, with a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence (Dissertation: The Formal Description of Musical Perception gained in 1972. Advisor: Prof. H.C. | Mark Steedman | 0.797107 |
93,628 | Alexander S. Kekulé (born November 7, 1958 in Munich) is a German physician and biochemist. Since 1999 he has held the chair for Medical Microbiology and Virology of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and Director of the Institute for Medical Microbiology of the Universitätsklinikum Halle (University Hosp... | Alexander Kekulé | 0.797106 |
93,629 | The slider-crank linkage (RRRP) is one type of arrangement such that one link is a crank, which is then connected to a slider by a connecting rod. The inverted slider-crank is another type of arrangement such that there are two cranks with a slider acting as the coupler.Examples of 3R1P linkages include: Single-slider ... | Four-bar linkage | 0.797106 |
93,630 | In Euclidean geometry, oblique reflections generalize ordinary reflections by not requiring that reflection be done using perpendiculars. If two points are oblique reflections of each other, they will still stay so under affine transformations. Consider a plane P in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The usual refl... | Oblique reflection | 0.797106 |
93,631 | In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2 or r2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s). It is a statistic used in the context of statistical models whose main purpose is either the prediction of futu... | Coefficient of determination | 0.797106 |
93,632 | ASCA was the first X-ray astronomy mission to combine imaging capability with a broad passband, good spectral resolution, and a large effective area. The mission also was the first satellite to use CCDs for X-ray astronomy. With these properties, the primary scientific purpose of ASCA was the X-ray spectroscopy of astr... | Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics | 0.797106 |
93,633 | Radiation chemistry is the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter; this is very different from radiochemistry as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation. An example is the conversion of water into hydrogen gas and hydrogen peroxide. Prior to ... | Nuclear Chemistry | 0.797105 |
93,634 | Victoria Lynn Coverstone (also published as Victoria L. Coverstone-Carroll) is a retired American aerospace engineer, the former chair of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Miami, and a professor emerita at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research interests incl... | Victoria Coverstone | 0.797105 |
93,635 | A far-reaching generalization of algebraic spaces is given by the algebraic stacks. In the category of stacks we can form even more quotients by group actions than in the category of algebraic spaces (the resulting quotient is called a quotient stack). | Algebraic space | 0.797105 |
93,636 | The long-term evolution experiment was designed as an open-ended means of empirical examination of central features of evolution. The experiment was begun with three principal goals: To examine the dynamics of evolution, including the rate of evolutionary change. To examine the repeatability of evolution. To better und... | E. coli long-term evolution experiment | 0.797105 |
93,637 | The nature of an individual's communicative ecology changes as they transition between types of activity. For example, they may choose to use different media when communicating with colleagues as compared to planning an evening out with friends. Similarly, a workplace's communicative ecology may differ from that of a t... | Communicative ecology | 0.797105 |
93,638 | In molecular biology, Small Cajal body specific RNA 21 (also known as scaRNA21 or ACA68) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies and believed to be involved in the pseudouridylation of U12 minor spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the... | Small Cajal body specific RNA 21 | 0.797104 |
93,639 | This process implies a change of electronic spin, which is forbidden by spin selection rules, making phosphorescence (from T1 to S0) much slower than fluorescence (from S1 to S0). Thus, triplet states generally have longer lifetimes than singlet states. These transitions are usually summarized in a state energy diagram... | Photochemical effect | 0.797104 |
93,640 | In physics problems it may be the case that ∂ L ∂ x = 0 , {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial L}{\partial x}}=0,} meaning the integrand is a function of f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} and f ′ ( x ) {\displaystyle f'(x)} but x {\displaystyle x} does not appear separately. In that case, the Euler–Lagrange equation can be simpl... | Variational formulation | 0.797104 |
93,641 | According to the description in Aristotle's Metaphysics (XII.8), he added two spheres for the Sun, two for the Moon, and one each for Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Callippus made careful measurements of the lengths of the seasons, finding them (starting with the spring equinox) to be 94 days, 92 days, 89 days, and 90 days. | Callippus | 0.797104 |
93,642 | Nanomedicine is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on medical nanoscale-structured material and devices, biotechnology devices and molecular machine systems, and nanorobotics applications in medicine. It was established in 2006 and is published by Future Medicine. The editors-in-chief are Kostas... | Nanomedicine (Future Medicine journal) | 0.797104 |
93,643 | Telerobotics becomes telepresence when the time delay is short enough to permit control of the spacecraft in close to real time by humans. Even the two seconds light speed delay for the Moon is too far away for telepresence exploration from Earth. The L1 and L2 positions permit 400-millisecond round trip delays, which ... | Planetary probe | 0.797103 |
93,644 | In natural language processing, open information extraction (OIE) is the task of generating a structured, machine-readable representation of the information in text, usually in the form of triples or n-ary propositions. | Open information extraction | 0.797103 |
93,645 | A harmonic gear or strain wave gear is a specialized gearing mechanism often used in industrial motion control, robotics and aerospace for its advantages over traditional gearing systems, including lack of backlash, compactness and high gear ratios. Though the diagram does not demonstrate the correct configuration, it ... | Gear teeth | 0.797103 |
93,646 | Wine is a complex mixture of chemical compounds in a hydro-alcoholic solution with a pH around 4. The chemistry of wine and its resultant quality depend on achieving a balance between three aspects of the berries used to make the wine: their sugar content, acidity and the presence of secondary compounds. Vines store su... | Wine chemistry | 0.797103 |
93,647 | In it Hawking explains to a general audience various matters relating to the Lucasian professor's work, such as Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem and P-branes (part of superstring theory in quantum mechanics). He tells the history and principles of modern physics. He seeks to "combine Einstein's General Theory of Relativi... | The Universe in a Nutshell | 0.797103 |
93,648 | To simplify the problem, the number of dimensions was lowered to 1 + 1 – one spatial dimension and one temporal dimension. This model problem, known as R = T theory, as opposed to the general G = T theory, was amenable to exact solutions in terms of a generalization of the Lambert W function. Also, the field equation g... | Dilaton | 0.797103 |
93,649 | There are infinitely many strong Lucas pseudoprimes, and therefore, infinitely many Lucas pseudoprimes. Theorem 7 in states: Let P {\displaystyle P} and Q {\displaystyle Q} be relatively prime positive integers for which P 2 − 4 Q {\displaystyle P^{2}-4Q} is positive but not a square. Then there is a positive constant ... | Fibonacci pseudoprime | 0.797103 |
93,650 | Chen Jingrun showed in 1973 using the methods of sieve theory that every sufficiently large even number can be written as the sum of either two primes, or a prime and a semiprime (the product of two primes). See Chen's theorem for further information. In 1975, Hugh Montgomery and Robert Charles Vaughan showed that "mos... | Goldbach’s conjecture | 0.797103 |
93,651 | Radionuclides are used in two major ways: either for their radiation alone (irradiation, nuclear batteries) or for the combination of chemical properties and their radiation (tracers, biopharmaceuticals). In biology, radionuclides of carbon can serve as radioactive tracers because they are chemically very similar to th... | Radioisotope production | 0.797102 |
93,652 | {\displaystyle \tau .} Even if a metrizable topological vector space has a topology that is defined by a family of norms, then it may nevertheless still fail to be normable space (meaning that its topology can not be defined by any single norm). An example of such a space is the Fréchet space C ∞ ( K ) , {\displaystyle... | Normable space | 0.797102 |
93,653 | In computer science, the prefix meta is commonly used to mean about (its own category). For example, metadata are data that describe other data. A language that is used to describe other languages is a metalanguage. Meta may also mean on a higher level of abstraction. | Compiler-compiler | 0.797102 |
93,654 | The latter is appropriate for the condition of the diluted solution, where long-range diffusion is considered. According to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem based on the Langevin equation in the long-time limit and when the particle is significantly denser than the surrounding fluid, the time-dependent diffusion con... | Fick's laws of diffusion | 0.797102 |
93,655 | As early as 1736 Leonhard Euler analyzed a real-world issue known as the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, which established the foundation of graph theory. From the 1930's-1950's the study of random graphs were developed. During the mid 1990's, it was discovered that many different types of "real" networks have structural ... | Biological network | 0.797102 |
93,656 | A genetically engineered fluorescent protein that changes its fluorescence when bound to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters (iGluSnFR, colloquially pronounced 'glue sniffer') are used to monitor the activity of presynaptic terminals by fluorescence microscopy. GluSnFRs are a class... | Glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporter | 0.797101 |
93,657 | Eichler (1938) proved strong approximation for some classical groups. Strong approximation was established in the 1960s and 1970s, for semisimple simply-connected algebraic groups over global fields. The results for number fields are due to Kneser (1966) and Platonov (1969); the function field case, over finite fields,... | Approximation in algebraic groups | 0.797101 |
93,658 | Schubert calculus is the intersection theory of the 19th century, together with applications to enumerative geometry. Justifying this calculus was the content of Hilbert's 15th problem, and was also the major topic of the 20 century algebraic geometry. In the course of securing the foundations of intersection theory, V... | Hilbert's fifteenth problem | 0.797101 |
93,659 | Sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. In organic chemistry, σ symbolizes the sigma constant of Hammett equation. In alchemy, Σ was sometimes used to represent sugar. | Final sigma | 0.797101 |
93,660 | In addition to distinct physical mechanisms by which lichens break down raw stone, recent studies indicate lichens attack stone chemically, entering newly chelated minerals into the ecology.The lichen exudates, which have powerful chelating capacity, the widespread occurrence of mineral neoformation, particularly metal... | Lichenized fungus | 0.797101 |
93,661 | Several variants of SPSS Statistics exist. SPSS Statistics Gradpacks are highly discounted versions sold only to students. SPSS Statistics Server is a version of the software with a client/server architecture. | SPSS | 0.797101 |
93,662 | The Slater curve does produce realistic results, predicting Iron, Cobalt and Nickel to be the elements with ferromagnetic ordering. The curve is of practical use as a simple way of estimating J e x {\displaystyle J_{ex}} based on the average atomic separation. However, more recent evaluations with realistic calculation... | Bethe-Slater curve | 0.7971 |
93,663 | Chloroacetic acid is chemical intermediate for production of various pharmaceuticals and insecticides. Trichloroacetic acid is used for various analytic tests in biochemistry. In sufficient concentration it will cause protein, DNA and RNA to precipitate out of solution. The sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid is used a... | Chloroacetic acids | 0.7971 |
93,664 | At present the cost of seawater desalination, for example, is higher than traditional water sources, but it is expected that costs will continue to decrease with technology improvements that include, but are not limited to, improved efficiency, reduction in plant footprint, improvements to plant operation and optimizat... | Water desalination | 0.7971 |
93,665 | In quantum field theory, the mass gap is the difference in energy between the lowest energy state, the vacuum, and the next lowest energy state. The energy of the vacuum is zero by definition, and assuming that all energy states can be thought of as particles in plane-waves, the mass gap is the mass of the lightest par... | Mass gap | 0.7971 |
93,666 | The surface integral of the Gaussian curvature over some region of a surface is called the total curvature. The total curvature of a geodesic triangle equals the deviation of the sum of its angles from π. The sum of the angles of a triangle on a surface of positive curvature will exceed π, while the sum of the angles o... | Gauss curvature | 0.797099 |
93,667 | Analytical methods for global placement model interconnect length by a continuous function and minimize this function directly subject to component density constraints. These methods run faster and scale better than combinatorial methods, but do not prevent component overlaps and must be postprocessed by combinatorial ... | Placement (electronic design automation) | 0.797099 |
93,668 | He is preparing a PhD thesis in Physical Sciences (1962) under the supervision of Pr J. Bénard, on the crystallochemistry of titanium sulphides. In 1963, he spent a period in the United States as a Post-doctoral Research Associate of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Argonne National Laboratory, and Iowa Stat... | Yves Jeannin | 0.797099 |
93,669 | Finally, the fungus causing witches' broom in cacao, Moniliophthora perniciosa, has a primarily homothallic biology despite having A and B mating type-like genes in its genome.Among the 250 known species of aspergilli, about 36% have an identified sexual state Among those Aspergillus species that exhibit a sexual cycle... | Mating in fungi | 0.797099 |
93,670 | Thrombolysis therapy uses thrombolytic drugs that dissolve blood clots. Most of these drugs target fibrin (one of the main constituent of blood clots) and are therefore called fibrinolytics. All currently approved thrombolytic drugs are biologics, either derived from Streptococcus species, or, more recently, using reco... | Clot buster | 0.797099 |
93,671 | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DN... | Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen | 0.797098 |
93,672 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, given a morphism f: X → Y and a morphism g: Z → Y, a lift or lifting of f to Z is a morphism h: X → Z such that f = g∘h. We say that f factors through h. A basic example in topology is lifting a path in one topological space to a path in a covering space. For example, consid... | Lift (mathematics) | 0.797098 |
93,673 | Yuejie Chi (Chinese: 池越洁) is an electrical engineer and computer scientist whose research concerns non-convex optimization and compressed sensing algorithms in the foundations of machine learning and statistical signal processing. Educated in China and the US, she works in the US as Sense of Wonder Group Endowed Profes... | Yuejie Chi | 0.797098 |
93,674 | Stereochemistry also plays a role assigning faces to trigonal molecules such as ketones. A nucleophile in a nucleophilic addition can approach the carbonyl group from two opposite sides or faces. When an achiral nucleophile attacks acetone, both faces are identical and there is only one reaction product. When the nucle... | Si face | 0.797098 |
93,675 | Devarda's alloy is a reducing agent that was commonly used in wet analytical chemistry to produce so-called nascent hydrogen under alkaline conditions in situ. In the Marsh test, used for arsenic determination, hydrogen is generated by contacting zinc powder with hydrochloric acid. So, hydrogen can be conveniently prod... | Devarda's alloy | 0.797098 |
93,676 | Any toroidal graph has chromatic number at most 7. The complete graph K7 provides an example of a toroidal graph with chromatic number 7.Any triangle-free toroidal graph has chromatic number at most 4.By a result analogous to Fáry's theorem, any toroidal graph may be drawn with straight edges in a rectangle with period... | Toroidal graph | 0.797098 |
93,677 | But in 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above another limit (the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit) would collapse further for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some stars from collapsing to black holes. ... | Black Hole | 0.797098 |
93,678 | Christopher Sims has advocated VAR models, criticizing the claims and performance of earlier modeling in macroeconomic econometrics. He recommended VAR models, which had previously appeared in time series statistics and in system identification, a statistical specialty in control theory. Sims advocated VAR models as pr... | Vector autoregression | 0.797098 |
93,679 | Lise Meitner Distinguished Lecture and Medal is a colloquium-style distinguished lecture that takes place at AlbaNova University Center in Stockholm on annual basis. The lecture commemorates Lise Meitner, who spent a substantial part of her career in Stockholm. AlbaNova University Center hosts physics departments of th... | Lise Meitner Distinguished Lecture | 0.797097 |
93,680 | To enable efficient use of the MIRIAM Registry and the rapid adoption of the annotation scheme, a number of supporting features are provided. These include Web Services, a website interface to access the Registry itself, and a Java libraryThe MIRIAM Registry is developed by the Proteomics Services Team at the European ... | MIRIAM Registry | 0.797097 |
93,681 | An exploratory game, the ReGenesis Extended Reality draws viewers into a conspiracy and mystery that weaves in and out of the TV series, using the internet, email and other media to immerse the viewer, blurring the line between fiction and reality. ReGenesis Extended Reality harnesses the power of enthusiastic fans tha... | ReGenesis | 0.797097 |
93,682 | Mandatory files tdenv.adf — header and statistical data tedg.adf — edges data and topology thul.adf — outer and inner hull polygon data tmsk.adf — mask data, masks invisible triangles tmsx.adf — index file for tmsk.adf tnod.adf — triangle node data tnxy.adf — position information (x and y coordinates) tnz.adf — height ... | Esri TIN | 0.797097 |
93,683 | But now since we killed off the lower homotopy groups of X (i.e., the groups in degrees less than 4) by using the iterated fibration, we know that H 4 ( X ) = π 4 ( X ) {\displaystyle H_{4}(X)=\pi _{4}(X)} by the Hurewicz theorem, telling us that π 4 ( S 3 ) = Z / 2 Z . {\displaystyle \pi _{4}(S^{3})=\mathbb {Z} /2\mat... | Serre spectral sequence | 0.797097 |
93,684 | In the PI Calculus there are two specific variables such as name and processes. But it was not until 2002 when Shahram Rahimi decided to create an upgraded version of the PI- Calculus and call it the API Calculus. Milner claimed the detailed characteristics of the API Calculus to be its "Communication Ability, Capacity... | API-Calculus | 0.797097 |
93,685 | In computer science, a segment tree, also known as a statistic tree, is a tree data structure used for storing information about intervals, or segments. It allows querying which of the stored segments contain a given point. It is, in principle, a static structure and cannot be modified once built. A similar data struct... | Segment Tree | 0.797097 |
93,686 | Initial condition ensembles involve the same model in terms of the same atmospheric physics parameters and forcings, but run from variety of different starting states. Because the climate system is chaotic, tiny changes in things such as temperatures, winds, and humidity in one place can lead to very different paths fo... | Climate ensemble | 0.797096 |
93,687 | Collaborative intelligence characterizes multi-agent, distributed systems where each agent, human or machine, is autonomously contributing to a problem solving network. Collaborative autonomy of organisms in their ecosystems makes evolution possible. Natural ecosystems, where each organism's unique signature is derived... | Collaborative intelligence | 0.797096 |
93,688 | In 2012, Alessandro Chiesa et al developed the zk-SNARK protocol, an acronym for zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge. The first widespread application of zk-SNARKs was in the Zerocash blockchain protocol, where zero-knowledge cryptography provides the computational backbone, by facilitating ma... | Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof | 0.797096 |
93,689 | Intuitively, Kac's heuristic for the result says that if n is a randomly chosen large integer, then the number of distinct prime factors of n is approximately normally distributed with mean and variance log log n. This comes from the fact that given a random natural number n, the events "the number n is divisible by so... | Erdős–Kac theorem | 0.797096 |
93,690 | Biocommunication theory may be considered to be a branch of biosemiotics. Whereas Biosemiotics studies the production and interpretation of signs and codes, biocommunication theory investigates concrete interactions mediated by signs. Accordingly, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of biocommunication processes... | Biocommunication (science) | 0.797096 |
93,691 | In classical and quantum mechanics, geometric phase is a phase difference acquired over the course of a cycle, when a system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic processes, which results from the geometrical properties of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian. The phenomenon was independently discovered by S. Pancharatnam... | Geometric phase | 0.797095 |
93,692 | In theoretical computer science, a transition system is a concept used in the study of computation. It is used to describe the potential behavior of discrete systems. It consists of states and transitions between states, which may be labeled with labels chosen from a set; the same label may appear on more than one tran... | Labeled transition system | 0.797095 |
93,693 | Zariski (1949) reformulated his main theorem in terms of commutative algebra as a statement about local rings. Grothendieck (1961, Théorème 4.4.7) generalized Zariski's formulation as follows: If B is an algebra of finite type over a local Noetherian ring A, and n is a maximal ideal of B which is minimal among ideals o... | Zariski's main theorem | 0.797095 |
93,694 | Application (Monopoly problem under uncertainty): A firm faces uncertainty over the demand for its output x {\displaystyle x} and the profit at state t ∈ T ⊂ R {\displaystyle t\in T\subset \mathbb {R} } is given by Π ( x ; − c , t ) = x P ( x ; t ) − c x {\displaystyle \Pi (x;-c,t)=xP(x;t)-cx} , where c {\displaystyle ... | Monotone comparative statics | 0.797095 |
93,695 | Superconductivity is the phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields below a characteristic temperature. The history of superconductivity began with Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911. Since then, many... | History of superconductivity | 0.797095 |
93,696 | Sly was a member of the Australian team at the 1999 and 2000 International Mathematical Olympiads, earning an honourable mention and a silver medal respectively. He attended Radford College, where he was dux of the year in 2000. He then studied at Australian National University, winning the University Medal in 2004, ea... | Allan Sly (mathematician) | 0.797094 |
93,697 | In some cases the fundamental group of a manifold can be shown to be linear by using representations coming from a geometric structure. For example, all closed surfaces of genus at least 2 are hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. Via the uniformization theorem this gives rise to a representation of its fundamental group in the... | Linear group | 0.797094 |
93,698 | Deep learning anti-aliasing (DLAA) is a form of spatial anti-aliasing created by Nvidia. DLAA depends on and requires Tensor Cores available in Nvidia RTX cards.DLAA is similar to deep learning super sampling (DLSS) in its anti-aliasing method, with one important differentiation being that DLSS's goal is to increase pe... | Deep learning anti-aliasing | 0.797094 |
93,699 | The idea that these "late" and "prenatal" forms were manifestations of the same disorder was first proposed in 1897 by Martin Benno Schmidt; by the 1950s this fact was well accepted. : 346 The modern system of four types (I, II, III, IV), meanwhile, were introduced in a paper by David Sillence, Alison Senn, and David D... | Osteogenesis imperfecta | 0.797094 |
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