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94,500 | Semiprimes are highly useful in the area of cryptography and number theory, most notably in public key cryptography, where they are used by RSA and pseudorandom number generators such as Blum Blum Shub. These methods rely on the fact that finding two large primes and multiplying them together (resulting in a semiprime)... | Semiprime | 0.796928 |
94,501 | The University of Padua offers a wide range of degrees, organized by Departments: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment Department of Biology Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health Department of Biomedical Sciences Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science... | University of Padua | 0.796928 |
94,502 | At around the age of 17, David constructed a clock with wooden gears. At the age of 19, he started a scientific instrument shop at his father's farm in what is now Valley Forge Medical Center & Hospital, located in East Norriton Township, Pennsylvania. His skill with instruments, particularly clocks, led him to constru... | David Rittenhouse | 0.796928 |
94,503 | Tesla Dojo is a supercomputer designed and built by Tesla for computer vision video processing and recognition. It will be used to train Tesla's machine learning models to improve its Full Self-Driving (FSD) advanced driver-assistance system. According to Tesla it had begun to be used in production in August 2023.Dojo'... | Tesla Dojo | 0.796928 |
94,504 | Ochoa Morales National Guard military high school in Venezuela. After graduating, Jah moved back to the United States and enlisted in the United States Air Force where he served as a Security Policeman.Following his enlistment, he studied Aerospace Engineering at Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott Arizona... | Moriba Jah | 0.796928 |
94,505 | James C. Keck graduated from Carmel High School in Carmel, New York, in 1942 and then went to Cornell University where he majored in physics and minored in mathematics. An outstanding student in physics, in 1944 he was drafted into the Special Engineering Detachment of the U.S. Army, given the rank of technical sergean... | James C. Keck | 0.796928 |
94,506 | In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a calibrated manifold is a Riemannian manifold (M,g) of dimension n equipped with a differential p-form φ (for some 0 ≤ p ≤ n) which is a calibration, meaning that: φ is closed: dφ = 0, where d is the exterior derivative for any x ∈ M and any oriented p-dimensional su... | Calibrated geometry | 0.796928 |
94,507 | An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is consider... | Health disaster | 0.796928 |
94,508 | For example, many studies on acupuncture involve research that attempts to prove that this modality can eliminate or reduce pain or alleviate certain conditions. However, this elementary approach ignores the deeper insight and experience of Chinese medicine that the human body has unlimited healing power and that the c... | Talk:Traditional Chinese medicine/Archive 10 | 0.796927 |
94,509 | Electrolysis is expensive and power-to-gas processes need substantial full-load hours to be economic. However, while round-trip conversion efficiency of power-to-power is lower than with batteries and electrolysis can be expensive, storage of the fuels themselves is quite inexpensive. This means that large amounts of e... | Sector coupling | 0.796927 |
94,510 | A string u is a member of the string set denoted by a generalized regular expression R if and only if ε is a member of the string set denoted by the derivative u−1R.Considering all the derivatives of a fixed generalized regular expression R results in only finitely many different languages. If their number is denoted b... | Brzozowski derivative | 0.796926 |
94,511 | Thus any d satisfying d⋅e ≡ 1 (mod φ(n)) also satisfies d⋅e ≡ 1 (mod λ(n)). However, computing d modulo φ(n) will sometimes yield a result that is larger than necessary (i.e. d > λ(n)). Most of the implementations of RSA will accept exponents generated using either method (if they use the private exponent d at all, rat... | RSA algorithm | 0.796926 |
94,512 | Features common to Copenhagen-type interpretations include the idea that quantum mechanics is intrinsically indeterministic, with probabilities calculated using the Born rule, and the principle of complementarity, which states that objects have certain pairs of complementary properties that cannot all be observed or me... | Philosophy of physics | 0.796926 |
94,513 | Cleanrooms are used extensively in semiconductor device fabrication, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, disk drives, aerospace and other fields that are very sensitive to environmental contamination. Cleanrooms have defined particle count limits. | Particle counter | 0.796926 |
94,514 | For a Lie group of rank R, one can choose at most R orthogonal circles that do not twist around each other, and so form a maximal torus within the Lie group, corresponding to a collection of R mutually-commuting Lie algebra generators, spanning a Cartan subalgebra. Each elementary particle state can be thought of as a ... | An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything | 0.796925 |
94,515 | The last Marcel Grossmann Meeting was held Online in 2021. Riazuddin introduced Qadir to Salam where Salam encourages Qadir to research in mathematical physics in more depth. Under Riazuddin and Salam, Qadir specialized in the theory of Special relativity, mathematics of particle physics, and mathematical economics inc... | Asghar Qadir | 0.796925 |
94,516 | Usually three cost functions were used in QMC optimization energy, variance or a linear combination of them. The variance optimization method has the advantage that the exact wavefunction's variance is known. (Because the exact wavefunction is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian, the variance of the local energy is zer... | Variational Monte Carlo | 0.796925 |
94,517 | Schröder's early work on formal algebra and logic was written in ignorance of the British logicians George Boole and Augustus De Morgan. Instead, his sources were texts by Ohm, Hankel, Hermann Grassmann, and Robert Grassmann (Peckhaus 1997: 233–296). In 1873, Schröder learned of Boole's and De Morgan's work on logic. T... | Ernst Schröder (mathematician) | 0.796924 |
94,518 | Multi-wavelength surveys GAMA – the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey combines data from a number of ground- and space-based observatories together with a large redshift survey, performed at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The resulting dataset aims to be a comprehensive resource for studying the physics of the galaxy po... | Sky survey | 0.796924 |
94,519 | In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 30 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside h... | Glycoside hydrolase family 30 | 0.796924 |
94,520 | It is part of the Double First Class University Plan and former Project 211 for leading national universities. The most distinguished subjects of JNU include Pharmacy, Chemistry, Economics, Finance, Journalism, and Chinese Language and Literature.Jinan University is a relatively selective university in China that only ... | Jinan University | 0.796924 |
94,521 | Two-dimensional hyperbolic surfaces can also be understood according to the language of Riemann surfaces. According to the uniformization theorem, every Riemann surface is either elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic. Most hyperbolic surfaces have a non-trivial fundamental group π1=Γ; the groups that arise this way are kno... | Hyperbolic 3-space | 0.796924 |
94,522 | The logistic sigmoid function is a smooth approximation of the derivative of the rectifier, the Heaviside step function. The multivariable generalization of single-variable softplus is the LogSumExp with the first argument set to zero: L S E 0 + ( x 1 , … , x n ) := LSE ( 0 , x 1 , … , x n ) = ln ( 1 + e x 1 + ⋯ ... | Rectified linear unit | 0.796924 |
94,523 | Skeletal animation is the standard way to animate characters or mechanical objects for a prolonged period of time (usually over 100 frames). It is commonly used by video game artists and in the movie industry, and can also be applied to mechanical objects and any other object made up of rigid elements and joints. Perfo... | Skeletal animation | 0.796924 |
94,524 | The cytogenetics evaluations provide one means of assessing radiation exposure (through what is termed "biological dosimetry") by evaluating the types and amounts of structural damage in chromosomes due to radiation. | Radiation Effects Research Foundation | 0.796923 |
94,525 | In probability theory and statistics, the negative multinomial distribution is a generalization of the negative binomial distribution (NB(x0, p)) to more than two outcomes.As with the univariate negative binomial distribution, if the parameter x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} is a positive integer, the negative multinomial di... | Negative multinomial distribution | 0.796923 |
94,526 | Academic institutions are not consistent in the way they group and label courses, programs, and degrees in applied mathematics. At some schools, there is a single mathematics department, whereas others have separate departments for Applied Mathematics and (Pure) Mathematics. It is very common for Statistics departments... | Industrial mathematics | 0.796923 |
94,527 | However, Hebb emphasized that cell A needs to "take part in firing" cell B, and such causality can occur only if cell A fires just before, not at the same time as, cell B. This aspect of causation in Hebb's work foreshadowed what is now known about spike-timing-dependent plasticity, which requires temporal precedence.T... | Hebbian Learning | 0.796923 |
94,528 | Since nested sampling was proposed in 2004, it has been used in many aspects of the field of astronomy. One paper suggested using nested sampling for cosmological model selection and object detection, as it "uniquely combines accuracy, general applicability and computational feasibility." A refinement of the algorithm ... | Nested sampling algorithm | 0.796923 |
94,529 | Why not? "Marvin Minsky writes "This paradox resulted from the fact that whenever an AI research project made a useful new discovery, that product usually quickly spun off to form a new scientific or commercial specialty with its own distinctive name. These changes in name led outsiders to ask, Why do we see so little ... | AI effect | 0.796923 |
94,530 | The Alloy Analyzer was specifically developed to support so-called "lightweight formal methods". As such, it is intended to provide fully automated analysis, in contrast to the interactive theorem proving techniques commonly used with specification languages similar to Alloy. Development of the Analyzer was originally ... | Alloy Analyzer | 0.796922 |
94,531 | Two rings R, S are said to be Morita equivalent if the category of left modules over R is equivalent to the category of left modules over S. In fact, two commutative rings which are Morita equivalent must be isomorphic, so the notion does not add anything new to the category of commutative rings. However, commutative r... | Ring Theory | 0.796922 |
94,532 | Bayesian inference derives the posterior probability as a consequence of two antecedents: a prior probability and a "likelihood function" derived from a statistical model for the observed data. Bayesian inference computes the posterior probability according to Bayes' theorem: where H {\displaystyle H} stands for any hy... | Confirmation theory | 0.796922 |
94,533 | Some findings on urinalysis that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include red blood cells (hematuria), red blood cell casts, proteinuria, and possibly white blood cells (pyuria).If nephritic syndrome is identified and diagnosed, then it is important for the physician to determine the underlying cause. To do this,... | Nephritic syndrome | 0.796922 |
94,534 | Popular Astronomy is the bi-monthly magazine of the UK's Society for Popular Astronomy, published in January, March, May, July, September and November. | Popular Astronomy (UK magazine) | 0.796922 |
94,535 | It is called infinite if | X | = ∞ {\displaystyle |X|=\infty } . Lindenstrauss introduced SBP and proved:Theorem: Let ( X , T ) {\displaystyle (X,T)} be an extension of an infinite minimal system. | Small boundary property | 0.796922 |
94,536 | The above series, to eighth order in eccentricity or fourth order in third flattening, provide millimetre accuracy. With the aid of symbolic algebra systems, they can easily be extended to sixth order in the third flattening which provides full double precision accuracy for terrestrial applications. Delambre and Bessel... | Meridian distance | 0.796922 |
94,537 | ISBN 978-1441956743 Hanspeter A. Mallot: "Computational Neuroscience: A first course", Springer Series in Bio-/Neuroinformatics, 2013. ISBN 978-3319008608 James M. Bower (ed. ): "20 years of Computational Neuroscience", Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience, 2013. ISBN 978-1461414230 | Bernstein Network | 0.796922 |
94,538 | This is the smallest T1 topology on any infinite set.Any set can be given the cocountable topology, in which a set is defined as open if it is either empty or its complement is countable. When the set is uncountable, this topology serves as a counterexample in many situations. The real line can also be given the lower ... | Topological spaces | 0.796922 |
94,539 | Microscopy methods including tomography, cryo-, and cryo-tomography were successfully demonstrated. With rapid development, X-ray microscopy found new applications in soil science, geochemistry, polymer sciences, and magnetism. The hardware was also miniaturized, so that researchers could perform experiments in their o... | X-ray microscope | 0.796921 |
94,540 | It might happen that a singularity is stable under small variations of the true gravitational degrees of freedom, and yet it is not generic because the singularity depends in some way on the coordinate system, or rather on the choice of the initial hypersurface from which the spacetime is evolved. For a system of non-l... | BKL singularity | 0.79692 |
94,541 | In some cases, though not always, the agents may be considered as intelligent and purposeful. In ecological ABM (often referred to as "individual-based models" in ecology), agents may, for example, be trees in a forest, and would not be considered intelligent, although they may be "purposeful" in the sense of optimizin... | Agent-based modeling | 0.79692 |
94,542 | In linear algebra, a linear function is a map f between two vector spaces s.t. f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) {\displaystyle f(\mathbf {x} +\mathbf {y} )=f(\mathbf {x} )+f(\mathbf {y} )} f ( a x ) = a f ( x ) . {\displaystyle f(a\mathbf {x} )=af(\mathbf {x} ).} Here a denotes a constant belonging to some field K of sc... | Arithmetic growth | 0.79692 |
94,543 | Scientific modelling of physical systems, which allows to run simulations in which one can estimate/compute/generate datapoints that haven't been observed in actual reality, has a long history that runs concurrent with the history of physics itself. For example, research into synthesis of audio and voice can be traced ... | Synthetic data | 0.796919 |
94,544 | At increasing levels of sophistication the device may operate somewhat independently in matters such as obstacle avoidance, also commonly employed in planetary rovers. Devices designed to allow the operator to control a robot at a distance are sometimes called telecheric robotics. Two major components of telerobotics a... | Tele-presence robotics | 0.796919 |
94,545 | The definition of a deduction is such that it is finite and that it is possible to verify algorithmically (by a computer, for example, or by hand) that a given sequence (or tree) of formulae is indeed a deduction. A first-order formula is called logically valid if it is true in every structure for the language of the f... | Gödel's completeness theorem | 0.796919 |
94,546 | The Berge equilibrium has been motivated as the exact opposite of a Nash equilibrium, in that while the Nash equilibrium models selfish behaviours, the Berge equilibrium models altruistic behaviours. Moussa Larbani and Vladislav Iosifovich Zhukovskii note that Berge equilibria could be interpreted as a method for forma... | Berge equilibrium | 0.796919 |
94,547 | Daniela L. Rus is a roboticist and computer scientist, Director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), and the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. | Daniela L. Rus | 0.796919 |
94,548 | The manA RNA motif (also called manA) refers to a conserved RNA structure that was identified by bioinformatics. Instances of the manA RNA motif were detected in bacteria in the genus Photobacterium and phages that infect certain kinds of cyanobacteria. However, most predicted manA RNA sequences are derived from DNA co... | ManA RNA motif | 0.796919 |
94,549 | Various EUD approaches exist, and it is an active research topic within the field of computer science and human-computer interaction. Examples include natural language programming, spreadsheets, scripting languages (particularly in an office suite or art application), visual programming, trigger-action programming and ... | End user development | 0.796918 |
94,550 | The Myhill–Nerode theorem can be generalized to tree automata. | Myhill–Nerode theorem | 0.796918 |
94,551 | Every positive integer except 1 is divisible by at least one prime number by the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Therefore the algorithm need only search for prime divisors less than / equal to n {\displaystyle {\sqrt {n}}} . For another example, consider how this algorithm determines the primality of 17. | Primality testing | 0.796918 |
94,552 | Christopher John Budd (born 15 February 1960) is a British mathematician known especially for his contribution to non-linear differential equations and their applications in industry. He is currently Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Bath, and was Professor of Geometry at Gresham College from 2016 t... | Christopher Budd (mathematician) | 0.796917 |
94,553 | Sue Meyer of the pressure group Genewatch, told The Independent that she believed, "If you change the basic biochemistry, you could alter the levels of other nutrients very important for health". More recently, scientists created blue tomatoes that have increased the production of anthocyanin, an antioxidant in tomatoe... | Genetically modified tomato | 0.796917 |
94,554 | Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets). Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is i... | Convex optimization | 0.796917 |
94,555 | These ideas were taken much further in Colin Bushnell and Philip Kutzko's theory of types, allowing them to complete the classification in the general linear case. Many of the techniques can be extended to other reductive groups, which remains an area of active research. It has been conjectured that all Hecke algebras ... | Hecke algebra of a Coxeter group | 0.796916 |
94,556 | For any theory that's both Σ 1 1 {\displaystyle \Sigma _{1}^{1}} -axiomatizable and Π 1 1 {\displaystyle \Pi _{1}^{1}} -sound, the existence of a recursive ordering that the theory fails to prove is well-ordered follows from the Σ 1 1 {\displaystyle \Sigma _{1}^{1}} bounding theorem, and said provably well-founded ordi... | Proof-theoretic ordinal | 0.796916 |
94,557 | Color SU(3) (commonly abbreviated to SU(3)c) is the gauge symmetry that relates the color charge in quarks and is the defining symmetry for quantum chromodynamics. Just as the laws of physics are independent of which directions in space are designated x, y, and z, and remain unchanged if the coordinate axes are rotated... | Quark color | 0.796916 |
94,558 | Epistemological Letters (French: Lettres Épistémologiques) was a hand-typed, mimeographed "underground" newsletter about quantum physics that was distributed to a private mailing list, described by the physicist and Nobel laureate John Clauser as a "quantum subculture", between 1973 and 1984.Distributed by a Swiss foun... | Epistemological Letters | 0.796916 |
94,559 | Even restricting the discussion to physics, scientists do not have a unique definition of what matter is. In the currently known particle physics, summarised by the standard model of elementary particles and interactions, it is possible to distinguish in an absolute sense particles of matter and particles of antimatter... | Matter creation | 0.796916 |
94,560 | The observations made by ABS tested the theory of inflation. Inflation is the leading theory of the very early universe; however, observational evidence for inflation is still inconclusive. Inflationary models generically predict that a gravitational-wave background (GWB) would have been produced along with the density... | Atacama B-Mode Search | 0.796916 |
94,561 | Notice that in the context of algebraic groups a torus is an algebraic group T {\displaystyle T} such that the base extension T ( k ¯ ) {\displaystyle T_{({\bar {k}})}} (where k ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {k}}} is the algebraic closure of k {\displaystyle k} ) is isomorphic to the product of a finite number of copies of th... | Rank of a Lie group | 0.796916 |
94,562 | Again take the field to be R, but now let the vector space V be the set RR of all functions from R to R. Let C(R) be the subset consisting of continuous functions. Then C(R) is a subspace of RR. Proof: We know from calculus that 0 ∈ C(R) ⊂ RR. We know from calculus that the sum of continuous functions is continuous. Ag... | Linear subspace | 0.796915 |
94,563 | He earned a B.Sc. in chemistry at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem in 1965, an M.Sc. in chemistry from the Weizmann Institute in 1966 and a D.Sc. from the Israel Institute of Technology in 1969. | Uzi Landman | 0.796915 |
94,564 | MIRV has a number of advantages over a missile with a single warhead. With small additional costs, it allows a single missile to strike multiple targets, or to inflict maximum damage on a single target by attacking it with multiple warheads. It makes anti-ballistic missile defense even more difficult, and even less eco... | Nuclear weapons delivery | 0.796915 |
94,565 | According to French (1991), catastrophic interference arises in feedforward backpropagation networks due to the interaction of node activations, or activation overlap, that occurs in distributed representations at the hidden layer. Neural networks that employ very localized representations do not show catastrophic inte... | Catastrophic interference | 0.796915 |
94,566 | Although Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. With Sciama's encouragement, he returned to his work. Hawking started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publicly challenged ... | Stephen Hawking | 0.796915 |
94,567 | In 1925 he entered Ph.D. program at the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and obtained the degree of Kandidat Nauk (Candidate of Sciences, equivalent to a Ph.D.) in 1928, at the age of 19, with the doctoral thesis titled On direct methods of variational calculus. | Nikolay Bogolyubov | 0.796915 |
94,568 | Elections for membership are held annually with candidates for membership being nominated and elected exclusively by existing EMBO members, membership cannot be applied for directly. Three types of membership exist: EMBO Member, for scientists living (or who have lived) in a European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC)... | EMBO Member | 0.796914 |
94,569 | DAINV reactions provide a pathway to a rich library of synthetic targets, and have been utilized to form many highly functionalized systems, including selectively protected sugars, an important contribution to the field of sugar chemistry. In addition, DAINV reactions can produce an array of different products from a s... | Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction | 0.796914 |
94,570 | In 2007, Sean was the winner of the Benjamin Franklin Award in Bioinformatics for contributions to Open Access in the Life Sciences.In 2022, Eddy was elected as a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology. == References == | Sean Eddy | 0.796914 |
94,571 | This mode is specialized for analyzing liquid samples, with a metal or polymer mesh replacing the sample plate in reflection geometry. The mesh is oriented 180 ∘ {\displaystyle 180^{\circ }} from the nebulizer microchip and the mass spec inlet, with the lamp directing photons to the area where the mesh releases newly d... | Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization | 0.796914 |
94,572 | When the Health Impact Fund was proposed in 2008, it attracted criticism from Professor Brook Baker and Knowledge Ecology International for not requiring open licensing of registered drugs. Instead, it allowed drug manufacturers to maintain a monopoly, subject to regulated prices. The proponents modified the proposal i... | Health Impact Fund | 0.796914 |
94,573 | The SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications (until 1989: SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering matrix analysis and its applications. The relevant applications include signal processing, systems and control theory, statistics, Markov chains, mathematical ... | SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications | 0.796914 |
94,574 | The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), like most of the methods in the area of evolutionary computation, does not need the gradient of the function in its optimization process. From a specific point of view, ICA can be thought of as the social counterpart of genetic algorithms (GAs). ICA is the mathematical model... | Intelligent water drops algorithm | 0.796913 |
94,575 | Although the general X-machine had been identified in the 1980s as a potentially useful formal model for specifying software systems, it was not until the emergence of the Stream X-Machine that this idea could be fully exploited. Florentin Ipate and Mike Holcombe went on to develop a theory of complete functional testi... | Stream X-Machine | 0.796913 |
94,576 | The T-3000 (Jason Clarke) uses nanorobotics in a similar shape-shifting capacity as the T-1000; however, it is not a liquid metal being. The T-5000 (Matt Smith) has the ability to convert a living organism into a nanorobotic T-3000 Terminator at the cellular level. The new T-3000 Terminator keeps the appearance of its ... | Nanorobotic terminators | 0.796913 |
94,577 | Some proponents of utilizing exergy concepts describe them as a biocentric or ecocentric alternative for terms like quality and value. The "deep ecology" movement views economic usage of these terms as an anthropocentric philosophy which should be discarded. A possible universal thermodynamic concept of value or utilit... | Available energy | 0.796913 |
94,578 | In geometry, the gyroelongated pentagonal pyramid is one of the Johnson solids (J11). As its name suggests, it is formed by taking a pentagonal pyramid and "gyroelongating" it, which in this case involves joining a pentagonal antiprism to its base. A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed... | Diminished icosahedron | 0.796913 |
94,579 | Radicals are uncommon in s- and p-block chemistry, since the unpaired electron occupies a valence p orbital or an sp, sp2 or sp3 hybrid orbital. These orbitals are strongly directional and therefore overlap to form strong covalent bonds, favouring dimerisation of radicals. Radicals can be stable if dimerisation would r... | Unpaired electron | 0.796913 |
94,580 | Cantor is a free software mathematics application for scientific statistics and analysis. It is part of the KDE Software Compilation 4, and was introduced with the 4.4 release as part of the KDE Education Project's kdeedu package. | Cantor (software) | 0.796913 |
94,581 | The Faculty of Science and Education was established in 2017, with the introduction of a degree programs in Biotechnology, natural sciences, law, education, psychology and nursing. The Faculty of Humanities & Sciences is an academic division. To facilitate the academic programs, significant investments have been made i... | Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology | 0.796912 |
94,582 | Branches of geology involve the study of the Earth's structure at a microscopic level. Physical characteristics of rocks are recorded, and in petrography there is a specific focus on the examination of microscopic details of rocks. Similar to scanning electron microscopes, electron microprobes can be used in petrology ... | Microscopic scale | 0.796912 |
94,583 | The primary cause of lead's toxicity is its interference with a variety of enzymes because it binds to sulfhydryl groups found on many enzymes. Part of lead's toxicity results from its ability to mimic other metals that take part in biological processes, which act as cofactors in many enzymatic reactions, displacing th... | Lead contamination | 0.796912 |
94,584 | However, 1 is a square mod 3 (equal to the square of both 1 and 2 mod 3), so there can be no similar identity for all values of n {\displaystyle n} that are congruent to 1 mod 3. More generally, as 1 is a square mod n {\displaystyle n} for all n > 1 {\displaystyle n>1} , there can be no complete covering system of modu... | Erdős–Straus conjecture | 0.796912 |
94,585 | At a given time point (or continually during the culture), the harvest supernatant (product) is collected, clarified and refrigerated for a future downstream application. Smaller hollow fiber bioreactors are often used for selection and optimization of cell lines prior to stepping up to larger cell culturing systems. D... | Hollow fiber bioreactor | 0.796911 |
94,586 | A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example, carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of ... | Nuclear notation | 0.796911 |
94,587 | Bhushan graduated with a BE in mechanical engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani in 1970, an MS in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971, and an MS in mechanics from the University of Colorado, Boulder (CU) in 1973. He received his PhD from CU in 1... | Bharat Bhushan (academic) | 0.796911 |
94,588 | . . . I was led to a re-examination of the principles of Geometry, thence to the philosophy of continuity and infinity, and then, with a view to discovering the meaning of the word any, to Symbolic Logic" (Preface 1903:vi-vii). | Modal neo-logicism | 0.796911 |
94,589 | The particular physical difficulties of the site stimulated interesting solutions to construction problems. The deep caissons used for pier and abutment construction signaled a new chapter in civil engineering. Piers were sunk almost 100 feet (30 m) below the river's surface. | Eads Bridge | 0.796911 |
94,590 | In fact the Maxwell equations in the space + time formulation are not Galileo invariant and have Lorentz invariance as a hidden symmetry. This was a major source of inspiration for the development of relativity theory. Indeed, even the formulation that treats space and time separately is not a non-relativistic approxim... | Maxwell's Equations | 0.796911 |
94,591 | See #Numerical linear algebra for linear equationsRoot-finding algorithm — algorithms for solving the equation f(x) = 0 General methods: Bisection method — simple and robust; linear convergence Lehmer–Schur algorithm — variant for complex functions Fixed-point iteration Newton's method — based on linear approximation a... | List of numerical analysis topics | 0.79691 |
94,592 | Subsumption architecture is a methodology for developing artificial intelligence that is heavily associated with behavior based robotics. This architecture is a way of decomposing complicated intelligent behavior into many "simple" behavior modules, which are in turn organized into layers. Each layer implements a parti... | Hierarchical control system | 0.79691 |
94,593 | By 1901, there were clear differences in the definition of the term physiography. "In England, physiography is regarded as the introduction to physical science in general. It is made to include the elements of physics, chemistry, astronomy, physical geography, and geology, and sometimes even certain phases of botany an... | Physiographic region | 0.79691 |
94,594 | Indeed the whole contents of the work, the path taken by your son, the results to which he is led, coincide almost entirely with my meditations, which have occupied my mind partly for the last thirty or thirty-five years. The resulting geometries were later developed by Lobachevsky, Riemann and Poincaré into hyperbolic... | Parallel axiom | 0.79691 |
94,595 | From 1986 to 1988, he was an Assistant Professor of Computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and cofounded the Center for Complex Systems Research with Stephen Wolfram and Norman Packard. While at the University of Illinois, he worked with Stephen Wolfram and five others to create the symbolic... | Steve Omohundro | 0.79691 |
94,596 | The Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics is awarded annually, in even years by the American Chemical Society and in odd years by the American Physical Society. The award is meant to recognize and encourage outstanding interdisciplinary research in chemistry and physics, in the spirit of Irving Langmuir. A nominee ... | Irving Langmuir Award | 0.796909 |
94,597 | Early in his career as an independent researcher, Oesper continued investigations in analytical chemistry. His scientific accomplishments at this stage of his career included demonstrating the utility of the compound ferrous ethylene diamine sulfate in certain applications especially redox titrations. This compound rep... | Ralph E. Oesper | 0.796909 |
94,598 | In abstract algebra, an R {\displaystyle R} -algebra A {\displaystyle A} is finite if it is finitely generated as an R {\displaystyle R} -module. An R {\displaystyle R} -algebra can be thought as a homomorphism of rings f: R → A {\displaystyle f\colon R\to A} , in this case f {\displaystyle f} is called a finite morphi... | Finite algebra | 0.796909 |
94,599 | Mesosphere (not to be confused with mesosphere, a layer of the atmosphere) is derived from "mesospheric shell", coined by Reginald Aldworth Daly, a Harvard University geology professor. In the pre-plate tectonics era, Daly (1940) inferred that the outer Earth consisted of three spherical layers: lithosphere (including ... | Deep mantle | 0.796908 |
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