id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
94,700 | Adelard's work impacted the course of natural philosophy, notably influencing Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon. His work in natural philosophy helped lay the foundations for much of the progress that was made in the later centuries after Aristotle. His work surrounding Euclid's Elements provided training in demonstra... | Adelard of Bath | 0.796889 |
94,701 | He was instructed in the two main traditions of the Abbasid-era grammarians of al-Baṣrah and of al-Kūfah. His principal teachers were Ibn al-Sikkīt and his own father. He studied grammar, philology, geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy and was known to be a reliable traditionalist. | Abu Hanifa Dinawari | 0.796889 |
94,702 | The original mutations in the flamenco locus inhibited the transcription of the master transcript, thereby deactivating this defense system.A historical example of invasion and Piwi response is known: the P-element transposon invaded a Drosophila melanogaster genome in the mid-20th century, and, through interbreeding, ... | Piwi-interacting RNA | 0.796889 |
94,703 | In 1958, he was awarded Master of Science in chemical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark, then Doctor of Environmental Engineerin (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and Doctor of Science in ecological modelling (University of Copenhagen). He taught courses in ecological modelling in 32 countries. Aft... | Sven Erik Jørgensen | 0.796889 |
94,704 | Recent studies have produced evidence that the mechanism may be direct selection, or indirect selection through antagonistic pleiotropy, rather than genetic drift and neutral mutation, the traditionally favored hypothesis for regressive evolution.The blind form of the Mexican tetra is different from the surface-dwellin... | Blind cave fish | 0.796888 |
94,705 | In geometry, a domino tiling of a region in the Euclidean plane is a tessellation of the region by dominoes, shapes formed by the union of two unit squares meeting edge-to-edge. Equivalently, it is a perfect matching in the grid graph formed by placing a vertex at the center of each square of the region and connecting ... | Dimer model | 0.796888 |
94,706 | Claire Voisin (born 4 March 1962) is a French mathematician known for her work in algebraic geometry. She is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and holds the chair of algebraic geometry at the Collège de France. | Claire Voisin | 0.796888 |
94,707 | A typical chemistry of hotmetal charged into the BOS vessel is: 4% C, 0.2–0.8% Si, 0.08%–0.18% P, and 0.01–0.04% S, all of which can be oxidised by the supplied oxygen except sulfur (which requires reducing conditions). The vessel is then set upright and a water-cooled, copper tipped lance with 3–7 nozzles is lowered i... | Basic Oxygen Furnace | 0.796888 |
94,708 | Similarly, cryptography provides a means to exchange information privately across a non-secure channel, but no guarantees about the confidentiality of the data are given once it is decrypted. In low level information flow analysis, each variable is usually assigned a security level. The basic model comprises two distin... | Information flow (information theory) | 0.796888 |
94,709 | There are cases where a roughly 45% increase in processor transistors has translated to roughly 10–20% increase in processing power.On the other hand, manufacturers are adding specialized processing units to deal with features such as graphics, video, and cryptography. For one example, Intel's Parallel JavaScript exten... | Moore's Law | 0.796888 |
94,710 | The Segregated Runge–Kutta (SRK) method is a family of IMplicit–EXplicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta methods that were developed to approximate the solution of differential algebraic equations (DAE) of index 2. The SRK method were motivated as a numerical method for the time integration of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equat... | Segregated Runge–Kutta methods | 0.796888 |
94,711 | The term topology also refers to a specific mathematical idea central to the area of mathematics called topology. Informally, a topology describes how elements of a set relate spatially to each other. The same set can have different topologies. For instance, the real line, the complex plane, and the Cantor set can be t... | Topology | 0.796888 |
94,712 | Suppose the following statements are true: ∑ a n {\displaystyle \sum a_{n}} is a convergent series, {bn} is a monotone sequence, and {bn} is bounded.Then ∑ a n b n {\displaystyle \sum a_{n}b_{n}} is also convergent. It is important to understand that this test is mainly pertinent and useful in the context of non absolu... | Abel's test | 0.796887 |
94,713 | Robert Samuel Fabry, as a student at the University of Chicago worked on COMIT II and MADBUG, an interactive debugger for MAD both on CTSS.Later while a computer science professor at the University of California, Berkeley, conceived of the idea of obtaining DARPA funding for a radically improved version of AT&T Unix an... | Bob Fabry | 0.796887 |
94,714 | Lott received his B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1978 and M.A. degrees in mathematics and physics from University of California, Berkeley. In 1983, he received a Ph.D. | John Lott (mathematician) | 0.796887 |
94,715 | The use and adoption of big data within governmental processes allows efficiencies in terms of cost, productivity, and innovation, but does not come without its flaws. Data analysis often requires multiple parts of government (central and local) to work in collaboration and create new and innovative processes to delive... | Big data analysis | 0.796887 |
94,716 | De Moivre–Laplace theoremIn probability theory, the de Moivre–Laplace theorem, which is a special case of the central limit theorem, states that the normal distribution may be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution under certain conditions. In particular, the theorem shows that the probability mass funct... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.796887 |
94,717 | The optimal control toolbox is named after Dido, the legendary founder and first queen of Carthage who is famous in mathematics for her remarkable solution to a constrained optimal control problem even before the invention of calculus. Invented by Ross, DIDO was first produced in 2001. The software is widely cited and ... | DIDO (optimal control) | 0.796887 |
94,718 | Topological rings occur in mathematical analysis, for example as rings of continuous real-valued functions on some topological space (where the topology is given by pointwise convergence), or as rings of continuous linear operators on some normed vector space; all Banach algebras are topological rings. The rational, re... | Topological ring | 0.796887 |
94,719 | The journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.773. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2016 impact factor of 2.931, ranking it 34th out of 146 journals in the category "COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS".The 2015 impact factor was 3.017, which was the highest impact factor of any Emerald journa... | Internet Research (journal) | 0.796887 |
94,720 | He advised the doctoral theses of several important German mathematicians, as Gotthold Eisenstein, Leopold Kronecker, Rudolf Lipschitz and Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, while being influential in the mathematical formation of many other scientists, including Elwin Bruno Christoffel, Wilhelm Weber, Eduard Heine, Ludwig von Se... | Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet | 0.796887 |
94,721 | Boltzmann introduced the concept of an equilibrium statistical ensemble and also investigated for the first time non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, with his H-theorem. The term "statistical mechanics" was coined by the American mathematical physicist J. Willard Gibbs in 1884. "Probabilistic mechanics" might today s... | Equilibrium statistical mechanics | 0.796886 |
94,722 | Merative L.P., formerly IBM Watson Health, is an American medical technology company that provides products and services that help clients facilitate medical research, clinical research, real world evidence, and healthcare services, through the use of artificial intelligence, data analytics, cloud computing, and other ... | IBM Watson Health | 0.796885 |
94,723 | After a year at the Johnson Foundation for Medical Physics, Edelman became a resident at the Massachusetts General Hospital; he then practiced medicine in France while serving with US Army Medical Corps. In 1957, Edelman joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research as a graduate fellow, working in the laborato... | Gerald Edelman | 0.796885 |
94,724 | A regular representation of a linear algebraic group G is the induced representation on the coordinate ring of G. See also: representation on coordinate rings. representation 1. A linear representation of a group G is a group homomorphism π: G → G L ( V ) {\displaystyle \pi :G\to GL(V)} from G to the general linear gro... | Glossary of representation theory | 0.796885 |
94,725 | Indian texts used a Sanskrit word Shunye or shunya to refer to the concept of void. In mathematics texts this word often refers to the number zero. In a similar vein, Pāṇini (5th century BC) used the null (zero) operator in the Ashtadhyayi, an early example of an algebraic grammar for the Sanskrit language (also see Pi... | Number system | 0.796885 |
94,726 | In a striking choice of wording for a foreword written in the United States in 1967, the author chooses to drive this particular viewpoint home by explaining that the two classes of global fields “must be granted a fully simultaneous treatment instead of the segregated status, and at best the separate but equal facili... | Basic Number Theory | 0.796885 |
94,727 | In contrast to the Claisen rearrangement, Cope rearrangements without strain release or electronic perturbation are often close to thermally neutral, and may therefore reach only partial conversion due to an insufficiently favorable equilibrium constant. In the case of hexa-1,5-diene, the rearrangement is degenerate (t... | Cope rearrangement | 0.796885 |
94,728 | The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model of the atom,: 188 based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this model, ato... | Discovery of the neutron | 0.796885 |
94,729 | The vanishing point theorem is the principal theorem in the science of perspective. It says that the image in a picture plane π of a line L in space, not parallel to the picture, is determined by its intersection with π and its vanishing point. Some authors have used the phrase, "the image of a line includes its vanish... | Vanishing point | 0.796884 |
94,730 | In 2007 he was named an ASA Fellow. In 2010 he was named a Cognitive Science Society Fellow and named an ACM Fellow "for contributions to the theory and application of machine learning." In 2012 he was named a SIAM Fellow "for contributions to machine learning, in particular variational approaches to statistical infere... | Michael I. Jordan | 0.796884 |
94,731 | Knights Mill is Intel's codename for a Xeon Phi product specialized in deep learning, initially released in December 2017. Nearly identical in specifications to Knights Landing, Knights Mill includes optimizations for better utilization of AVX-512 instructions and enables four-way hyper-threading. Single-precision and ... | Intel Xeon Phi | 0.796884 |
94,732 | Differential forms are especially useful in multivariable calculus (analysis) and differential geometry because they possess transformation properties that allow them be integrated on curves, surfaces, and their higher-dimensional analogues (differentiable manifolds). One far-reaching application is the modern statemen... | Multilinear form | 0.796884 |
94,733 | In mathematics, the Gabriel–Popescu theorem is an embedding theorem for certain abelian categories, introduced by Pierre Gabriel and Nicolae Popescu (1964). It characterizes certain abelian categories (the Grothendieck categories) as quotients of module categories. There are several generalizations and variations of th... | Gabriel-Popescu theorem | 0.796884 |
94,734 | Astronomy is very sensitive to light pollution. The night sky viewed from a city bears no resemblance to what can be seen from dark skies. Skyglow (the scattering of light in the atmosphere at night) reduces the contrast between stars and galaxies and the sky itself, making it much harder to see fainter objects. This i... | Light Pollution | 0.796884 |
94,735 | A test ideal is a positive characteristic analog of a multiplier ideal in, say, the field of complex numbers. Test ideals are used in the study of singularities in algebraic geometry in positive characteristic. == References == | Test ideal | 0.796884 |
94,736 | Any monadic Boolean algebra can be considered to be an interior algebra where the interior operator is the universal quantifier and the closure operator is the existential quantifier. The monadic Boolean algebras are then precisely the variety of interior algebras satisfying the identity xIC = xI. In other words, they ... | S4 algebra | 0.796884 |
94,737 | These extrinsic barriers often arise from various geologic-caused, topographic changes such as: the formation of mountains (orogeny); the formation of rivers or bodies of water; glaciation; the formation or elimination of land bridges; the movement of continents over time (by tectonic plates); or island formation, incl... | Geographic isolation | 0.796883 |
94,738 | {\displaystyle \displaystyle {\mathbf {v} (t)-\mathbf {u} =-\lambda \mathbf {n} (0)+t\mathbf {t} (0)+{t^{2} \over 2}\kappa (0)\mathbf {n} (0)+O(t^{3}).}} So for t sufficiently small | v ( t ) − u | 2 = λ 2 + t 2 ( 1 − λ κ ( 0 ) ) + O ( t 3 ) ≥ ( λ 2 + t 2 ) / 2 , | ( v ( t ) − u ) ⋅ n ( 0 ) | = | − λ + t 2 2 κ ( 0 ) + ... | Neumann–Poincaré operator | 0.796883 |
94,739 | GEANT is the name of a series of simulation software designed to describe the passage of elementary particles through matter, using Monte Carlo methods. The name is an acronym formed from "GEometry ANd Tracking". Originally developed at CERN for high energy physics experiments, GEANT-3 has been used in many other field... | GEANT-3 | 0.796883 |
94,740 | In 1960 John Nuckolls published the concept of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The laser, introduced the same year, turned out to be a suitable "driver". In 1961 the Soviet Union tested its 50 megaton Tsar Bomba, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever. Spitzer published a key plasma physics text at Princeton in... | History of nuclear fusion | 0.796883 |
94,741 | A function of several real variables f: Rm → Rn is said to be differentiable at a point x0 if there exists a linear map J: Rm → Rn such that lim h → 0 ‖ f ( x 0 + h ) − f ( x 0 ) − J ( h ) ‖ R n ‖ h ‖ R m = 0. {\displaystyle \lim _{\mathbf {h} \to \mathbf {0} }{\frac {\|\mathbf {f} (\mathbf {x_{0}} +\mathbf {h} )-\math... | Local linearity | 0.796883 |
94,742 | The quotient ring contains non-zero nilpotent elements.The third case happens if and only if p {\displaystyle p} divides the discriminant D {\displaystyle D} . The first and second cases occur when the Kronecker symbol ( D / p ) {\displaystyle (D/p)} equals − 1 {\displaystyle -1} and + 1 {\displaystyle +1} , respective... | Quadratic fields | 0.796883 |
94,743 | Workers may be exposed to toxic substances at higher levels than the general public, who are mainly exposed through consumer products and the environment. Establishing a causal relationship between a worker's illness and work conditions is often difficult because work-related illnesses are often indistinguishable from ... | Occupational toxicology | 0.796882 |
94,744 | Both Haro and Herbig made independent observations of several of these objects in the Orion Nebula during the 1940s. Herbig also looked at Burnham's Nebula and found it displayed an unusual electromagnetic spectrum, with prominent emission lines of hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen. Haro found that all the objects of this ty... | Herbig–Haro object | 0.796882 |
94,745 | The International Brain Bee (IBB) is a neuroscience competition for teenagers. The IBB was founded in 1999 by Dr. Norbert Myslinski, and consists of over 200 chapters in more than 50 regions on 6 continents. Its purpose is to help treat and find cures for brain disorders by inspiring and motivating young men and women ... | International Brain Bee | 0.796882 |
94,746 | A classical example in nineteenth century was the extensive study (in particular by Cayley, Sylvester, Clebsch, Paul Gordan and also Hilbert) of invariants of binary forms in two variables with the natural action of the special linear group SL2(k) on it. Hilbert himself proved the finite generation of invariant rings i... | Hilbert's 14th problem | 0.796882 |
94,747 | In the Presence of Dinosaurs focuses predominantly on the dinosaurs of North America over the course of five different time periods and details the flora, fauna, geology and geography of each time period in a manner akin to a naturalist's viewpoint. The book is divided into seven chapters, each supplemented with illust... | In the Presence of Dinosaurs | 0.796881 |
94,748 | In 1989, Giuntini and Greuling introduced structures for studying unsharp properties, meaning those quantum events whose probability of occurring is strictly between zero and one (and is thus not an either-or event). In 1994, Chovanec and Kôpka introduced D-posets as posets with a partially defined difference operation... | Effect algebra | 0.796881 |
94,749 | Punched cards became ubiquitous in industry and government for accounting and administration. Leslie Comrie's articles on punched-card methods and W. J. Eckert's publication of Punched Card Methods in Scientific Computation in 1940, described punched-card techniques sufficiently advanced to solve some differential equa... | Interconnected era | 0.79688 |
94,750 | Violent relaxation has many applications in dynamical astronomy, affecting the orbits of stars within star clusters and galaxies. Lynden-Bell is also known for the development of the theory of the gravothermal catastrophe, a phenomenon in star clusters that is the result of the negative heat capacity of gravitational s... | Donald Lynden-Bell | 0.79688 |
94,751 | It comes from the phrase "singular values of the j-invariant" used for values of the j-invariant for which a complex elliptic curve has complex multiplication. The complex elliptic curves with complex multiplication are those for which the endomorphism ring has the maximal possible rank 2. In positive characteristic it... | Supersingular elliptic curve | 0.796879 |
94,752 | George Claude Pimentel (May 2, 1922 – June 18, 1989) was the inventor of the chemical laser. He also developed the technique of matrix isolation in low-temperature chemistry. In theoretical chemistry, he proposed the three-center four-electron bond which is now accepted as the best simple model of hypervalent molecules... | George C. Pimentel | 0.796879 |
94,753 | Operations research (British English: operational research) (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve decision-making. The term management science is occasionally used as a ... | Operations research analyst | 0.796879 |
94,754 | It also found feldspar, jarosite, pigeonite, clinopyroxene, and maskelynite along with detecting the presence of minerals found by the orbiters and other rovers.Phoenix Lander Most noted for landing in a polar region, it carries the WCL (Wet Chemistry Laboratory), which is a part of the MECA (Microscopy, Electrochemist... | Mineralogy of Mars | 0.796879 |
94,755 | The Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) is an XML-based predictive model interchange format conceived by Dr. Robert Lee Grossman, then the director of the National Center for Data Mining at the University of Illinois at Chicago. PMML provides a way for analytic applications to describe and exchange predictive model... | Predictive Model Markup Language | 0.796878 |
94,756 | The desirable amount of magnification depends upon the intended application, and in most binoculars is a permanent, non-adjustable feature of the device (zoom binoculars are the exception). Hand-held binoculars typically have magnifications ranging from 7× to 10×, so they will be less susceptible to the effects of shak... | Binoculars | 0.796878 |
94,757 | The application of sociobiology to humans (discussed only in the first and last chapters of the book) was immediately controversial. Some researchers, led by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin, contended that sociobiology embodied biological determinism. They argued that it would be used, as similar ideas had been ... | Sociobiology: The New Synthesis | 0.796878 |
94,758 | Such themed issues allow the focussed coverage of relatively obscure or newly emerging topics. Episciences is an initiative by the Center for Direct Scientific Communication to host overlay journals. It hosts among others the computer science journals Logical Methods in Computer Science and Fundamenta Informaticae. In ... | Overlay journal | 0.796878 |
94,759 | This is sometimes referred to as the "structure theorem for persistence modules." The case when P {\displaystyle P} is finite is a straightforward application of the structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain. For modules indexed over Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } , the first known ... | Persistence Module | 0.796877 |
94,760 | The following theorem indicates that for all other choices of d {\displaystyle \scriptstyle d} and N {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\mathcal {N}}} , the model coexists. Theorem 3.4 Suppose that N ≥ 1 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle N\geq 1} , but ( N , d ) ≠ ( 1 , 1 ) {\displaystyle \scriptstyle (N,d)\neq (1,1)} . Then the t... | Voter model | 0.796877 |
94,761 | The mathematical equation that governs the vibration of the drum head is the wave equation with zero boundary conditions, ∂ 2 u ∂ t 2 = c 2 ( ∂ 2 u ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 u ∂ y 2 ) for ( x , y ) ∈ Ω {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}=c^{2}\left({\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{... | Vibrations of a circular membrane | 0.796877 |
94,762 | These properties of the Miller effect are generalized in the Miller theorem. The Miller capacitance due to parasitic capacitance between the output and input of active devices like transistors and vacuum tubes is a major factor limiting their gain at high frequencies. Miller capacitance was identified in 1920 in triode... | Miller Effect | 0.796877 |
94,763 | Therefore, f must be identically zero (mod p), so its constant term is (p − 1)! + 1 ≡ 0 (mod p). This is Wilson's theorem. | Wilson's theorem | 0.796877 |
94,764 | The Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine (Swedish: Rättsmedicinalverket, abbreviated RMV) is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Justice, responsible for forensic psychiatry, forensic chemistry, forensic medicine and forensic genetics. The agency headquarters responsible for coordination,... | Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine | 0.796876 |
94,765 | While many of the ideas of calculus had been developed earlier in Greece, China, India, Iraq, Persia, and Japan, the use of calculus began in Europe, during the 17th century, when Newton and Leibniz built on the work of earlier mathematicians to introduce its basic principles. The Hungarian polymath John von Neumann wr... | Differential and integral calculus | 0.796876 |
94,766 | Several missions have been carried out since the beginning of 2018, each staffed by six Ramonauts (what crew members are called). They have accomplished many experiments in many disciplines, including physics, soil studies, microbial studies, psychology, agriculture, water supply, and engineering. Between 15Oct-15Nov20... | Analog mission | 0.796876 |
94,767 | Martianus Capella (fl. c. 410–420) describes a modified geocentric model, in which the Earth is at rest in the center of the universe and circled by the Moon, the Sun, three planets and the stars, while Mercury and Venus circle the Sun, all surrounded by the sphere of fixed stars. His model was not widely accepted, des... | Sphere of fixed stars | 0.796876 |
94,768 | Some games take biology or evolution as a theme, rather than attempting to simulate. Ancestors: The Humankind Odyssey (2019, Panache Digital Games) – a survival game, in which the player guides a clan of primates in their open – but hostile – environment, while overseeing their evolutionary course. Creatures (artificia... | Raising sim | 0.796875 |
94,769 | Charles continued research into various topics and published several noteworthy books, including editing the monumental A History of Technology, which was released in five volumes between 1954 and 1958, Galen on Anatomical Procedures, and A History of Biology. Numerous articles were also published in this period, some ... | Charles Singer | 0.796875 |
94,770 | Hirschfeld and Thas note that for any odd integer n ≥ 3 {\displaystyle n\geq 3} , a partition of P G ( n − 1 , q 2 ) {\displaystyle PG(n-1,q^{2})} into subgeometries isomorphic to P G ( n − 1 , q ) {\displaystyle PG(n-1,q)} gives rise to a spread of P G ( 2 n − 1 , q ) {\displaystyle PG(2n-1,q)} , where each subgeometr... | Spread (projective geometry) | 0.796875 |
94,771 | With the 1950s introduction of antibiotics, attempts to explain unexplained diseases via bacterial etiology seemed all the more unlikely. By the 1970s, however, it was established that antibiotics could trigger bacteria switch to their L phase. Eluding detection by traditional methods of medical microbiology, bacterial... | Focal infection theory | 0.796874 |
94,772 | This element is composed of a light blue circle, also located at the center of the image. With a diameter of 512 lines, it overlaps the rectangle mentioned previously. The circle provides a quick overview of image geometry. Signal values of this element are: | TVE test card | 0.796874 |
94,773 | In mathematical physics, the wave maps equation is a geometric wave equation that solves D α ∂ α u = 0 {\displaystyle D^{\alpha }\partial _{\alpha }u=0} where D {\displaystyle D} is a connection.It can be considered a natural extension of the wave equation for Riemannian manifolds. == References == | Wave maps equation | 0.796874 |
94,774 | 1912, ML (maximum likelihood recommended, analyzed, and popularized by Ronald Fisher, precursor concept. Fisher is one of the main contributors to the early 20th-century revival of Darwinism, and has been called the "greatest of Darwin's successors" for his contributions to the revision of the theory of evolution and h... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.796874 |
94,775 | "Scaling laws for Ising models near T c {\displaystyle T_{c}} ", Physics 2(263), 1966. (The seminal paper for the development of renormalization group theory; see History of renormalization group theory.) "Operator Algebra and the Determination of Critical Indices", Phys. Rev. | Leo Kadanoff | 0.796874 |
94,776 | Wendell M. Stanley 1947 "For his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of viruses beginning with the isolation of tobacco virus and its characterization as a nucleoprotein; for the isolation of other viruses such as cucumber mosaic, alfalfa mosaic, tobacco necrosis, jaundice of silkworms ... with their identificat... | Willard Gibbs Award | 0.796873 |
94,777 | The logarithmic density of a set of integers from 1 to n {\displaystyle n} can be defined by setting the weight of each integer i {\displaystyle i} to be 1 / i {\displaystyle 1/i} , and dividing the total weight of the set by the n {\displaystyle n} th partial sum of the harmonic series (or, equivalently for the purpos... | Behrend's theorem | 0.796873 |
94,778 | In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a Hilbert number is a positive integer of the form 4n + 1 (Flannery & Flannery (2000, p. 35)). The Hilbert numbers were named after David Hilbert. The sequence of Hilbert numbers begins 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, ... (sequence A016813 in the OEIS)) | Hilbert number | 0.796873 |
94,779 | See elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for more information about ECC. New hardware in the 4769 adds support to accelerate the Elliptic Curves 25519 and Ed448, as well as the format preserving encryption (FPE) algorithms FF1, FF2, FF2.1, FF3, and FF3.1. IBM supports the 4769 on certain IBM Z mainframes as Crypto Express... | IBM 4769 | 0.796873 |
94,780 | The swamping argument is an objection against Darwinism made by Fleeming Jenkin. He asserted that an accidentally-appearing profitable variety cannot be preserved by natural selection in the population, but should be 'swamped' with ordinary traits. Population genetics helped to overcome this logical difficulty. Jenkin’... | Swamping argument | 0.796873 |
94,781 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Gray graph is an undirected bipartite graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges. It is a cubic graph: every vertex touches exactly three edges. It was discovered by Marion C. Gray in 1932 (unpublished), then discovered independently by Bouwer 1968 in reply to a question posed by... | Gray graph | 0.796872 |
94,782 | In geometry, a deltoid curve, also known as a tricuspoid curve or Steiner curve, is a hypocycloid of three cusps. In other words, it is the roulette created by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls without slipping along the inside of a circle with three or one-and-a-half times its radius. It is named af... | Steiner deltoid | 0.796872 |
94,783 | To encode all individual higher derived functors of f ∗ {\displaystyle f_{*}} into one entity, the above statement may equivalently be rephrased by saying that the base change map g ∗ R f ∗ F → R f ∗ ′ g ′ ∗ F {\displaystyle g^{*}Rf_{*}{\mathcal {F}}\to Rf'_{*}g'^{*}{\mathcal {F}}} is a quasi-isomorphism. The assumptio... | Cohomology base change theorem | 0.796872 |
94,784 | He served as Erasmus Smiths's Professor of Mathematics for many decades (1879–1913), and co-authored the influential 1881 book The Theory of Equations: With an Introduction to the Theory of Binary Algebraic Forms with his TCD colleague Arthur William Panton (1843–1906). It ran to at least 7 editions, and was reissued b... | William S. Burnside | 0.796872 |
94,785 | J. M. Bobbitt: Periodate Oxidations of Carbohydrates, Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Vol. 11, 1956, 1-42. J. M. Bobbitt: The Chemistry of 4-Oxy- and 4-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahyhdroisoquinolines, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. 15, 1973, 99-128. | James M. Bobbitt | 0.796872 |
94,786 | Granqvist received the PhD degree in physics at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1974. | Claes-Göran Granqvist | 0.796872 |
94,787 | Battelle serves the following: Agribusiness: cannabis research, encapsulation, formulation, environmental fate, spray drift and droplet characterization Ecology and environment: scientific data packages for researchers, air, water and soil analysis, assessment and remediation Health: genomics, life sciences research, m... | Battelle Memorial Institute | 0.796871 |
94,788 | The life science business of Merck, formerly known as Merck Millipore, was created in July 2010 following the completed acquisition of the US company Millipore. It employs around 19'000 people in 66 countries and runs 65 manufacturing sites and uses the brands Sigma-Aldrich, Milli-Q and Millipore. This division compris... | Merck Group | 0.796871 |
94,789 | Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by De Gruyter. | Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine | 0.796871 |
94,790 | In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a Mirimanoff's congruence is one of a collection of expressions in modular arithmetic which, if they hold, entail the truth of Fermat's Last Theorem. Since the theorem has now been proven, these are now of mainly historical significance, though the Mirimanoff polynomials are i... | Mirimanoff's congruence | 0.796871 |
94,791 | Desymmetrization in stereochemistry is the modification of a molecule that results in the loss of one or more symmetry elements. A common application of this class of reactions involves the introduction of chirality. Formally, such conversions required the loss of an improper axis of rotation (mirror plane, center of i... | Desymmetrization | 0.796871 |
94,792 | In theoretical physics, path-ordering is the procedure (or a meta-operator P {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} ) that orders a product of operators according to the value of a chosen parameter: P { O 1 ( σ 1 ) O 2 ( σ 2 ) ⋯ O N ( σ N ) } ≡ O p 1 ( σ p 1 ) O p 2 ( σ p 2 ) ⋯ O p N ( σ p N ) . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}\l... | Path-ordering | 0.796871 |
94,793 | Tele-TASK is a university research project in the e-learning area. It can be applied to lecture recording, post-processing and distribution. Research topics include e-learning, tele-teaching, semantic web, video analysis, speech recognition, collaborative learning, social networking, web technologies, recommendation sy... | Tele-TASK | 0.796871 |
94,794 | SDPs are in fact a special case of cone programming and can be efficiently solved by interior point methods. All linear programs and (convex) quadratic programs can be expressed as SDPs, and via hierarchies of SDPs the solutions of polynomial optimization problems can be approximated. Semidefinite programming has been ... | Semidefinite program | 0.79687 |
94,795 | The EPR paper forced Bohr to make a major revision in his understanding of complementarity in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.Prior to EPR, Bohr had maintained that disturbance caused by the act of observation was the physical explanation for quantum uncertainty. In the EPR thought experiment, howeve... | Einstein's thought experiments | 0.79687 |
94,796 | This mode of pattern formation may act in tandem with classical reaction-diffusion systems, or independently to generate patterns in biological development. Turing patterns may also be responsible for the formation of human fingerprints.As well as in biological organisms, Turing patterns occur in other natural systems ... | Turing patterns | 0.796869 |
94,797 | Thioether complexes feature pyramidal sulfur centers. Typical C-S-C angles are near 99° in both free thioethers and their complexes. The C-S distance in dimethylsulfide is 1.81 Å, which is also unaffected in its complexes. The stereochemistry of thioether complexes have been extensively studied. | Transition metal thioether complex | 0.796869 |
94,798 | VPN the view-plane normal – a normal to the view plane.VUV the view-up vector – the vector on the view plane that indicates the upward direction.VRP the viewing reference point – a point located on the view plane, and the origin of the VRC.PRP the projection reference point – the point where the image is projected from... | View frustum | 0.796869 |
94,799 | Emil chose also to teach the honors section of Freshman calculus each year. He was renowned for the elegance of his teaching. Frei and Roquette write that Artin's "main medium of communication was teaching and conversation: in groups, seminars and in smaller circles. | Emil Artin | 0.796869 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.