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95,300 | Histochemistry refers to the science of using chemical reactions between laboratory chemicals and components within tissue. A commonly performed histochemical technique is the Perls' Prussian blue reaction, used to demonstrate iron deposits in diseases like Hemochromatosis.Recently, antibodies have been used to stain p... | Histopathology | 0.796765 |
95,301 | In June 2016, citizen science experts from across East Africa gathered in Nairobi, Kenya, for a symposium organised by the Tropical Biology Association (TBA) in partnership with the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH). The aim was "to harness the growing interest and expertise in East Africa to stimulate new ideas and... | Citizen scientist | 0.796765 |
95,302 | Church pairs are the Church encoding of the pair (two-tuple) type. The pair is represented as a function that takes a function argument. When given its argument it will apply the argument to the two components of the pair. The definition in lambda calculus is, pair ≡ λ x . | Church encoding | 0.796765 |
95,303 | By relating satellite derived environmental data with prevalence data from school-based surveys, they were able to create detailed prevalence maps. The study focused on a wide range of helminths, but interesting conclusions about hookworm specifically were found. As compared to other helminths, hookworm is able to surv... | Hookworm disease | 0.796765 |
95,304 | They argue that people trying to tackle data protection issues have a desire for an action, not for an explanation. The actual value of an explanation will not be to relieve or redress the emotional or economic damage suffered, but to understand why something happened and helping ensure a mistake doesn't happen again.O... | Right to explanation | 0.796765 |
95,305 | By 1963–1964 Gödel would disavow Herbrand–Gödel recursion and the λ-calculus in favor of the Turing machine as the definition of "algorithm" or "mechanical procedure" or "formal system".A hypothesis leading to a natural law? : In late 1936 Alan Turing's paper (also proving that the Entscheidungsproblem is unsolvable) w... | Church–Turing thesis | 0.796764 |
95,306 | Such global cycles (deadlocks) overlap with local cycles that are resolved locally and are typically resolved by local mechanisms without involving atomic commitment. Formally it is also a global cycle, but practically it is local (portions of local cycles generate a global one; to see this, split each global transacti... | Commitment ordering | 0.796764 |
95,307 | In geometry, the truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of 13 convex isogonal nonprismatic solids whose 32 faces are two or more types of regular polygons. It is the only one of these shapes that does not contain triangles or squares. In general usage, the degree of truncation is assumed to be uniform unles... | Spherical truncated icosahedron | 0.796764 |
95,308 | For example, if L is a line bundle on a smooth proper geometrically connected curve X over a field k, then χ ( X , L ) = deg ( L ) − genus ( X ) + 1 , {\displaystyle \chi (X,L)={\text{deg}}(L)-{\text{genus}}(X)+1,} where deg(L) denotes the degree of L. When combined with a vanishing theorem, the Riemann–Roch theorem ca... | Coherent cohomology | 0.796764 |
95,309 | Deep learning in photoacoustic imaging combines the hybrid imaging modality of photoacoustic imaging (PA) with the rapidly evolving field of deep learning. Photoacoustic imaging is based on the photoacoustic effect, in which optical absorption causes a rise in temperature, which causes a subsequent rise in pressure via... | Deep learning in photoacoustic imaging | 0.796764 |
95,310 | The uncertainty principle is a mathematical relation asserting an upper limit to the accuracy of the simultaneous measurement of any pair of conjugate variables, e.g. position and momentum. In the formalism of operator notation, this limit is the evaluation of the commutator of the variables' corresponding operators. T... | Philosophy of physics | 0.796764 |
95,311 | ACM-W provides support for women undergraduate and graduate students in Computer Science and related programs to attend research conferences. The ACM-W scholarships are offered for both intra-continental conference travel, and intercontinental conference travel. Scholarship applications are evaluated in six groups each... | ACM-W | 0.796764 |
95,312 | In May 2023, the world's first female crash test dummy was used in a crash test at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute in Linköping, Sweden. The model was created after crash statistics showed that female bodies are more prone to other injuries than male, such as whiplash. The female dummy was de... | Crash test dummy | 0.796763 |
95,313 | In bioinformatics, microarrays are used to measure how strongly different genes are expressed in a sample of biological material. Different rates of expression of a gene are often compared by using the binary logarithm of the ratio of expression rates: the log ratio of two expression rates is defined as the binary loga... | Logarithmus dualis | 0.796763 |
95,314 | Their theory was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Separately, Gregor Mendel presented his paper, "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" in 1865, which outlined the principles of biological inheritance, serving as the basis for modern genetics.Early in the 19th century, John ... | General science | 0.796763 |
95,315 | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma can be further divided into three subcategories: the botryoid, spindle cell, and not-otherwise-specified (NOS). These two subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma, ERMS and ARMS, also are caused by different genetic mutation pathways.The Horn-Enterline classification uses morphologic characteristics to d... | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | 0.796763 |
95,316 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the omnitruncated tesseractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. It has omnitruncated tesseract, truncated cuboctahedral prism, and 8-8 duoprism facets in an irregular 5-cell vertex figure. | Omnitruncated tesseractic honeycomb | 0.796762 |
95,317 | Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale). Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have bee... | Nanomaterials | 0.796761 |
95,318 | It is commonly referred to as "Di-clo." It is used in the garment printing industry for removal of heat-sealed garment transfers. DCM is used in the material testing field of civil engineering; specifically it is used during the testing of bituminous materials as a solvent to separate the binder from the aggregate of a... | CH2Cl2 | 0.796761 |
95,319 | Patterns can be either avoidable patterns, or unavoidable. A significant contributor to the work of unavoidable patterns, or regularities, was Frank Ramsey in 1930. His important theorem states that for integers k, m≥2, there exists a least positive integer R(k,m) such that despite how a complete graph is colored with ... | Combinatorics on words | 0.796761 |
95,320 | The algorithm AIVA is based on deep learning and reinforcement learning architectures. Since January 2019, the company offers a commercial product, Music Engine, capable of generating short (up to 3 minutes) compositions in various styles (rock, pop, jazz, fantasy, shanty, tango, 20th century cinematic, modern cinemati... | AIVA | 0.796761 |
95,321 | A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe compute... | Mainframe server | 0.79676 |
95,322 | It brought together the understandings of the observable phenomena of magnetism, electricity and light (and more broadly, the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation). This was followed in the 20th century by Albert Einstein's unification of space and time, and of mass and energy. Later, quantum field theory unified quan... | Unification of theories in physics | 0.79676 |
95,323 | van Ooij completed his graduate education at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands, earning his MS in chemical engineering in 1964 and his PhD in physical chemistry in 1971. He held a two-year post-doctoral position at Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University. | William J. van Ooij | 0.79676 |
95,324 | Junior Solar Sprint was created in the 1980s by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to teach younger children about the importance and challenges of using renewable energy. The project also teaches students how the engineering process is applied, and how solar panels, transmission, and aerodynamics can be u... | Solar car racing | 0.79676 |
95,325 | Günter Ropohl studied mechanical engineering and philosophy at Stuttgart University, where he was a scholar of the philosopher Max Bense. After his PhD (Dr.-Ing.) in 1970, he wrote his Habilitation thesis in Philosophy und Sociology at Karlsruhe University 1978 under the supervision of Hans Lenk. His work dealt with th... | Günter Ropohl | 0.79676 |
95,326 | In logic, especially mathematical logic, a signature lists and describes the non-logical symbols of a formal language. In universal algebra, a signature lists the operations that characterize an algebraic structure. In model theory, signatures are used for both purposes. They are rarely made explicit in more philosophi... | Relation symbols | 0.79676 |
95,327 | The Institute of Applied Biochemistry is a research laboratory and bioweapons production facility located in Omutninsk, Kirov Oblast. For a time in the 1980s, the facility was directed by Ken Alibek.Wild rodents like rats that live in the woods outside the factory are chronically infected with the "Schu-4 military stra... | Institute of Applied Biochemistry | 0.79676 |
95,328 | In 1991 he received a perfect score and gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad. He won an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 2008. Ambainis was an invited speaker at the 2018 International Congress of Mathematicians, speaking on mathematical aspects of computer science. | Andris Ambainis | 0.796759 |
95,329 | Meige's is commonly misdiagnosed and most doctors will not be familiar with this condition due to its rare incidence. Usually, a neurologist specializing in psychomotor disorders can detect Meige's. There are currently no technological diagnostic tools to detect Meige's, as it cannot be identified using blood chemistry... | Meige's syndrome | 0.796759 |
95,330 | Alpha-galactosidase (GH27), an enzyme that breaks down certain complex sugars, is a component of Beano and several other products that decrease flatulence. Another use for A. niger within the biotechnology industry is in the production of magnetic isotope-containing variants of biological macromolecules for NMR analysi... | Aspergillus niger | 0.796758 |
95,331 | The history of model organisms began with the idea that certain organisms can be studied and used to gain knowledge of other organisms or as a control (ideal) for other organisms of the same species. Model organisms offer standards that serve as the authorized basis for comparison of other organisms. Model organisms ar... | History of model organisms | 0.796758 |
95,332 | A central result in topology is the Poincaré duality theorem: for a closed oriented connected topological manifold X of dimension n and a field k, the group Hn(X,k) is isomorphic to k, and the cup product H j ( X , k ) × H n − j ( X , k ) → H n ( X , k ) ≅ k {\displaystyle H^{j}(X,k)\times H^{n-j}(X,k)\to H^{n}(X,k)\co... | Cohomology of sheaves | 0.796758 |
95,333 | At its core, erwin has a computer-aided software engineering tool (or CASE tool). Users can utilize erwin Data Modeler as a way to take conceptual data model and create a logical data model that is not dependent on a specific database technology. This schematic model can be used to create the physical data model. Users... | Erwin Data Modeler | 0.796758 |
95,334 | In addition to their other properties, all particles possess a quantity called spin, an intrinsic angular momentum. Despite the name, particles do not literally spin around an axis, and quantum mechanical spin has no correspondence in classical physics. In the position representation, a spinless wavefunction has positi... | Postulates of quantum mechanics | 0.796758 |
95,335 | Facilities engineers are not required to have at least a bachelor's degree but most of them do for experience and it is not unusual to see many facilities engineers with master's degrees in the given fields. They must have that degree in either structural engineering, mechanical engineering, or manufacturing engineerin... | Facilities engineering | 0.796757 |
95,336 | Collectively, amateur astronomers observe a variety of celestial objects and phenomena sometimes with equipment that they build themselves. The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is the home of the US's only undergraduate satellite program, and has and continues to develop the FalconLaunch sounding rockets. In add... | Cosmic x-ray source | 0.796757 |
95,337 | The advantage of this is that the tire rolls as the wheel is steered, which reduces the effort when parking, provided you're not on the brake. The advantage of a small scrub radius is that the steering becomes less sensitive to braking inputs. More scrub radius adds to road feel by pushing the inside wheel into the gro... | Scrub radius | 0.796757 |
95,338 | The Cartesian product of cs-closed (resp. ideally convex) subsets of arbitrarily many topological vector spaces has that same property (in the product space endowed with the product topology). The intersection of countably many lower ideally convex (resp. | Convex series | 0.796757 |
95,339 | He warned against interpreting "positive" as being morally or aesthetically "good" (the greatest advantage and least disadvantage), as this includes negative characteristics. Instead, he suggested that "positive" should be interpreted as being perfect, or "purely good", without negative characteristics.Gödel's listed t... | Ontological Proof | 0.796756 |
95,340 | Next step is optimization of the initial solution. Lastly deformation of the optimized solution is done by applying Kriging algorithm to the optimized solution. Finally, by iterating the final step until the distance between two set points is superior to a given precision value the reconstructed object is obtained. The... | 3D reconstruction from multiple images | 0.796756 |
95,341 | There exist numerous topologies on any given finite set. Such spaces are called finite topological spaces. Finite spaces are sometimes used to provide examples or counterexamples to conjectures about topological spaces in general. Every manifold has a natural topology, since it is locally Euclidean. | General topology | 0.796756 |
95,342 | The Whitney trick was used by Stephen Smale to prove the h-cobordism theorem; from which follows the Poincaré conjecture in dimensions m ≥ 5, and the classification of smooth structures on discs (also in dimensions 5 and up). This provides the foundation for surgery theory, which classifies manifolds in dimension 5 and... | Whitney embedding theorem | 0.796756 |
95,343 | Eugster, J.; Pridham, J.P. (2021-10-25). "An introduction to derived (algebraic) geometry". arXiv:2109.14594 . | Derived algebraic geometry | 0.796756 |
95,344 | The limiting current in electrochemistry is the limiting value of a faradaic current that is approached as the rate of charge transfer to an electrode is increased. The limiting current can be approached, for example, by increasing the electric potential or decreasing the rate of mass transfer to the electrode. It is i... | Faradaic current | 0.796756 |
95,345 | Zhong Zhong (Chinese: 中中; pinyin: Zhōng Zhōng, born 27 November 2017) and Hua Hua (Chinese: 华华; pinyin: Huá Huá, born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that pro... | Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua | 0.796755 |
95,346 | Lead, a naturally occurring metal of bluish-grey color, has been used for multiple purposes in the history of human civilization. Advantages include being somewhat soft and pliable as well as resistant to corrosion compared to other metals. The widespread substance is also able to function as a shield against various f... | Lead and crime hypothesis | 0.796755 |
95,347 | In graph theory, a partial cube is a graph that is isometric to a subgraph of a hypercube. In other words, a partial cube can be identified with a subgraph of a hypercube in such a way that the distance between any two vertices in the partial cube is the same as the distance between those vertices in the hypercube. Equ... | Partial cube | 0.796755 |
95,348 | We shall therefore now consider only arguments that prove the theorem directly for any matrix using algebraic manipulations only; these also have the benefit of working for matrices with entries in any commutative ring. There is a great variety of such proofs of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem, of which several will be giv... | Cayley–Hamilton theorem | 0.796755 |
95,349 | In organic chemistry, an imine ( or ) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds. Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and t... | Imine | 0.796755 |
95,350 | Bases of belief may include belief in existence of supernatural energies undetected by the science of physics, as in biofields, or in belief in properties of the energies of physics that are inconsistent with the laws of physics, as in energy medicine. | Complementary and alternative medicine | 0.796754 |
95,351 | The digit or finger is an ancient and obsolete non-SI unit of measurement of length. It was originally based on the breadth of a human finger. It was a fundamental unit of length in the Ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Hebrew, Ancient Greek and Roman systems of measurement. In astronomy a digit is one twelfth of the dia... | Digit (unit) | 0.796754 |
95,352 | 5, 2619-2628 (2009) Quantum Chemistry on Graphical Processing Units. 2. Direct Self-Consistent Field Implementation I. S. Ufimtsev and T. J. Martinez Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Vol. | TeraChem | 0.796754 |
95,353 | A mixture of anti and syn isomers that undergoes this reaction will favor the trans product, regardless of the initial ratios used. This removes the need for an additional chiral reagent to obtain the desired stereochemistry. The mechanism for this cyclization is not yet understood. Difficulties in synthesis include th... | Kaitocephalin | 0.796754 |
95,354 | These LPC analogues are metabolically stable, and several such as edelfosine, miltefosine and perifosine are under research and development as drugs against cancer and other diseases. Lysophosphatidylcholine processing has been discovered to be an essential component of normal human brain development: those born with g... | Lysophosphatidylcholine | 0.796754 |
95,355 | BBC Science Focus magazine's 15 of the best space and astronomy books 2020 The Times Best science books of the year 2020 | The Zoologist's Guide to the Galaxy | 0.796754 |
95,356 | : ch1 Four-vectors describe, for instance, position xμ in spacetime modeled as Minkowski space, a particle's four-momentum pμ, the amplitude of the electromagnetic four-potential Aμ(x) at a point x in spacetime, and the elements of the subspace spanned by the gamma matrices inside the Dirac algebra. The Lorentz group m... | Four-vector | 0.796754 |
95,357 | In mechanical engineering, random vibration is motion which is non-deterministic, meaning that future behavior cannot be precisely predicted. The randomness is a characteristic of the excitation or input, not the mode shapes or natural frequencies. Some common examples include an automobile riding on a rough road, wave... | Random vibration | 0.796754 |
95,358 | As a result of increasing biodiesel production, formation of the byproduct, crude glycerol, has also increased. While glycerol is commonly used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other industries, increased production of crude glycerol has become very expensive to purify and utilize in these industries. Because o... | Glycerol dehydrogenase | 0.796754 |
95,359 | The BPI can be expressed in various ways. For this purpose, recall the following theorem: For any ideal I of a Boolean algebra B, the following are equivalent: I is a prime ideal. I is a maximal ideal, i.e. for any proper ideal J, if I is contained in J then I = J. For every element a of B, I contains exactly one of {a... | Boolean prime ideal theorem | 0.796754 |
95,360 | In molecular biology, the GGDEF domain is a protein domain which appears to be ubiquitous in bacteria and is often linked to a regulatory domain, such as a phosphorylation receiver or oxygen sensing domain. Its function is to act as a diguanylate cyclase and synthesize cyclic di-GMP, which is used as an intracellular s... | GGDEF domain | 0.796753 |
95,361 | One of the first examples of an expert system was MYCIN, an application to perform medical diagnosis. In the MYCIN example, the domain experts were medical doctors and the knowledge represented was their expertise in diagnosis. Expert systems were first developed in artificial intelligence laboratories as an attempt to... | Knowledge engineering | 0.796753 |
95,362 | Lysis timing and bacteriophage fitness. Genetics 172:17-26. Abedon, S. T., P. Hyman, and C. Thomas. | Bacteriophage experimental evolution | 0.796753 |
95,363 | Fetal recordings of cortical activity are feasible with a SARA device from a gestational age of approximately 25 weeks onward until birth. Although built for fetal recordings, SARA systems can also record from infants placed in a cradle head-first toward the sensory array. While only a small number of devices worldwide... | Magnetoencephalography | 0.796753 |
95,364 | Efim Isaakovich Zelmanov (Russian: Ефи́м Исаа́кович Зе́льманов; born 7 September 1955 in Khabarovsk) is a Russian-American mathematician, known for his work on combinatorial problems in nonassociative algebra and group theory, including his solution of the restricted Burnside problem. He was awarded a Fields Medal at t... | Efim Zelmanov | 0.796753 |
95,365 | : 373 If ( A , Δ , ε , Φ ) {\displaystyle ({\mathcal {A}},\Delta ,\varepsilon ,\Phi )} was a braided quasi-bialgebra with universal R-matrix R {\displaystyle R} , then so is ( A , Δ ′ , ε , Φ ′ ) {\displaystyle ({\mathcal {A}},\Delta ',\varepsilon ,\Phi ')} with universal R-matrix F 21 R F − 1 {\displaystyle F_{21}RF^{... | Quasi-bialgebra | 0.796753 |
95,366 | In a preprint, another team of researchers of the biotechnology company Rejuvenate Bio also reports the use of Yamanaka-reprogramming to modestly extend the lives of elderly mice. However, if it was also applicable to humans, risks may include the formation of cancer. In July, the David Sinclair team at Harvard Medical... | Timeline of aging research | 0.796753 |
95,367 | The columns of a chessboard are known as files, the rows are known as ranks, and the lines of adjoining same-coloured squares (each running from one edge of the board to an adjacent edge) are known as diagonals. Each square of the board is named using algebraic, descriptive, or numeric chess notation; algebraic notatio... | Chess board | 0.796753 |
95,368 | In cryptography, a zero-knowledge password proof (ZKPP) is a type of zero-knowledge proof that allows one party (the prover) to prove to another party (the verifier) that it knows a value of a password, without revealing anything other than the fact that it knows the password to the verifier. The term is defined in IEE... | Zero-knowledge password proof | 0.796753 |
95,369 | In 1942, while working at ER&E, the “four horsemen” developed a landmark creation in the field of chemical engineering known as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). This crucial conversion process enables petroleum refineries to obtain gasoline, aviation fuel, and olefinic gases through the conversion of hydrocarbon fractio... | Donald L. Campbell | 0.796752 |
95,370 | Edwards, a native of the Buffalo, New York area, received a Bachelor of Science degree in biophysics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1986. He received his Master of Science in 1988 and his Ph.D. in engineering in 1991 from the University of Washington.Edwards taught at the University of Colorado at ... | Marc Edwards (professor) | 0.796752 |
95,371 | A number of both classification and "anti-classification" results have been obtained. The Ornstein isomorphism theorem applies here as well; again, it states that most of these systems are isomorphic to some Bernoulli scheme. This rather neatly ties these systems back into the definition of ergodicity given for a stoch... | Unique ergodicity | 0.796752 |
95,372 | Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24261-5. MR 0778558. | Minimal subtraction scheme | 0.796752 |
95,373 | In 1972 Michael David Bennett hypothesized that there was a correlation with the DNA content and the nuclear volume while Commoner and van’t Hof and Sparrow before him postulated that even cell size and cell-cycle length were controlled by the amount of DNA. More recent theories have brought us to discuss about the pos... | Genome reduction | 0.796751 |
95,374 | The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX, also written as Axion Dark Matter eXperiment in the project's documentation) uses a resonant microwave cavity within a large superconducting magnet to search for cold dark matter axions in the local galactic dark matter halo. Unusual for a dark matter detector, it is not located ... | Axion Dark Matter Experiment | 0.796751 |
95,375 | In the theory of formal languages of computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, a Dyck word is a balanced string of brackets. The set of Dyck words forms a Dyck language. The simplest, D1, use just two matching brackets, e.g. ( and ). Dyck words and language are named after the mathematician Walther von Dyck. They... | Dyck language | 0.796751 |
95,376 | In forensic biology, pollen can tell a lot about where a person or object has been, because regions of the world, or even more particular locations such a certain set of bushes, will have a distinctive collection of pollen species. Pollen evidence can also reveal the season in which a particular object picked up the po... | Pollen grains | 0.796751 |
95,377 | Avinash C. Kak (born 1944) is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University who has conducted pioneering research in several areas of information processing. His most noteworthy contributions deal with algorithms, languages, and systems related to networks (including sensor networks), robotics... | Avinash Kak | 0.796751 |
95,378 | of Invertebrate Paleontology and in the Dept. of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History. She researches culture from a biological perspective and biology from a cultural perspective. | Linnda R. Caporael | 0.796749 |
95,379 | In addition, many audiologists work as auditory or acoustic scientists in a research capacity. Audiologists are trained in anatomy and physiology, hearing aids, cochlear implants, electrophysiology, acoustics, psychophysics and psychoacoustics, neurology, vestibular function and assessment, balance disorders, counselin... | Audiology | 0.796749 |
95,380 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-7-3 triangular honeycomb (or 3,7,5 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,7,5}. It has five order-7 triangular tiling, {3,7}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infin... | Order-7-5 pentagonal honeycomb | 0.796749 |
95,381 | It is clear to see that a gen-extreme but not extreme channel is a convex sum of extreme channels of lower ranks. It has been conjectured and numerically supported that an arbitrary channel can be written as a convex sum of at most d {\displaystyle d} gen-extreme channels E = ∑ i = 1 d p i E g i {\displaystyle E=\sum _... | Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism | 0.796748 |
95,382 | Furthermore, the function taking an affine algebraic set W and returning I(W), the set of all functions which also vanish on all points of W, is the inverse of the function assigning an algebraic set to a radical ideal, by the nullstellensatz. Hence the correspondence between affine algebraic sets and radical ideals is... | Affine algebraic variety | 0.796748 |
95,383 | "His discovery of quasicrystals revealed a new principle for packing of atoms and molecules," stated the Nobel Committee and pointed that "this led to a paradigm shift within chemistry." In 2014, Post of Israel issued a stamp dedicated to quasicrystals and the 2011 Nobel Prize.While the first quasicrystals discovered w... | Aperiodic order and disorder | 0.796748 |
95,384 | Signal integrity primarily involves the electrical performance of the wires and other packaging structures used to move signals about within an electronic product. Such performance is a matter of basic physics and as such has remained relatively unchanged since the inception of electronic signaling. The first transatla... | Signal integrity | 0.796748 |
95,385 | There are many different things that can cause someone to reach their anxiety threshold. Emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress can all be contributing factors. In addition, anxiety threshold occurs when feeling overwhelmed, emotionally drained, and unable to meet constant d... | Anxiety thresholds | 0.796748 |
95,386 | Although most members of this group have icosahedral capsid geometry, a few families such as the Poxviridae and Ascoviridae have oval or brick-shaped mature virions; poxviruses such as Vaccinia undergo dramatic conformational changes mediated by highly derived double jelly roll proteins during maturation and likely der... | Jelly roll motif | 0.796747 |
95,387 | This is achieved by neurons being connected in various patterns, allowing the output of some neurons to become the input of others. The network forms a directed, weighted graph.An artificial neural network consists of simulated neurons. Each neuron is connected to other nodes via links like a biological axon-synapse-de... | Criticism of artificial neural networks | 0.796747 |
95,388 | In geological and petrochemical engineering, this effect is known as the Klinkenberg effect. Using the definition of molar flux, the above equation can be rewritten as ∂ p ∂ x = − R g T ( k p μ + D K ) − 1 p R g T q . {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial p}{\partial x}}=-R_{\mathrm {g} }T\left({\frac {kp}{\mu }}+D_{\mathrm ... | Darcy's Law | 0.796747 |
95,389 | The interaction between the spins is then given by a continuous function V: QZ → R on this topology. Any continuous function will do; for example V ( s ) = − J δ ( s 0 , s 1 ) {\displaystyle V(s)=-J\delta (s_{0},s_{1})} will be seen to describe the interaction between nearest neighbors. Of course, different functions g... | Potts model | 0.796747 |
95,390 | Ageia - now a subsidiary of Nvidia - provides a particle system and other game physics API that is used in many games, including Unreal Engine 3 games. Both GameMaker Studio and Unity provide a two-dimensional particle system often used by indie, hobbyist, or student game developers, though it cannot be imported into o... | Particle effect | 0.796747 |
95,391 | Historically, upper-case letters were used for representing points in geometry, and lower-case letters were used for variables and constants. Letters are used for representing many other sorts of mathematical objects. As the number of these sorts has remarkably increased in modern mathematics, the Greek alphabet and so... | Glossary of mathematical symbols | 0.796746 |
95,392 | Besides interplanetary dust on eccentric orbits, it detected dust on hyperbolic orbits—that is, dust leaving the Solar System. The HEOS 2 dust detector was the first detector that employed a hemispherical geometry, like all the subsequent detectors of the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft, and the LDEX detectors on the LA... | Space dust measurement | 0.796746 |
95,393 | It is a theorem that if H is a minor of G, then the tree width of H is not greater than that of G. Therefore, one "good reason" for G to be H-free is that the tree width of G is not very large. The graph structure theorem implies that this reason always applies in case H is planar. Corollary 1. For every planar graph H... | Graph structure theorem | 0.796746 |
95,394 | "Ecology", in the wide sense in which it was used by Coe and Cooper, includes both natural and social relations. Hence, ecocomposition instructors emphasize not only the writer's relationship to physical place but also the social relations among writers and readers. In the classroom, this translates into pedagogical pr... | Ecocomposition | 0.796746 |
95,395 | A subtle misconception that is often held in the context of Fermat's theorem is to assume that it makes a stronger statement about local behavior than it does. Notably, Fermat's theorem does not say that functions (monotonically) "increase up to" or "decrease down from" a local maximum. This is very similar to the misc... | Fermat's theorem (stationary points) | 0.796745 |
95,396 | (Stochastic) variance reduction is an algorithmic approach to minimizing functions that can be decomposed into finite sums. By exploiting the finite sum structure, variance reduction techniques are able to achieve convergence rates that are impossible to achieve with methods that treat the objective as an infinite sum,... | Stochastic variance reduction | 0.796745 |
95,397 | One application of linear systems is used in the classification of algebraic curves. A hyperelliptic curve is a curve C {\displaystyle C} with a degree 2 {\displaystyle 2} morphism f: C → P 1 {\displaystyle f:C\to \mathbb {P} ^{1}} . For the case g = 2 {\displaystyle g=2} all curves are hyperelliptic: the Riemann–Roch ... | Linear systems of divisors | 0.796745 |
95,398 | As a more complicated example, let's look at the theorem that corresponds to the B function. The type of B is (β → α) → (γ → β) → γ → α. B is equivalent to (S (K S) K). This is our roadmap for the proof of the theorem (β → α) → (γ → β) → γ → α. The first step is to construct (K S). To make the antecedent of the K axiom... | Curry-Howard isomorphism | 0.796745 |
95,399 | The general idea is to affect Google's relevance algorithm by incorporating the keywords being targeted in various places "on page", in particular the title element and the body copy (note: the higher up in the page, presumably the better its keyword prominence and thus the ranking). Too many occurrences of the keyword... | Google search engine | 0.796744 |
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