id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
96,800 | The ideal gene therapy practice is that which replaces the defective gene with a normal allele at its natural location. This is advantageous over a virally delivered gene as there is no need to include the full coding sequences and regulatory sequences when only a small proportions of the gene needs to be altered as is... | Human gene editing therapy | 0.796462 |
96,801 | In multivariate analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) is an ordination technique that determines axes from the response data as a linear combination of measured predictors. CCA is commonly used in ecology in order to extract gradients that drive the composition of ecological communities. CCA extends Corresp... | Canonical correspondence analysis | 0.796462 |
96,802 | Another difference between classical and constructive analysis is that constructive analysis does not prove the least-upper-bound principle, i.e. that any subset of the real line R would have a least upper bound (or supremum), possibly infinite. However, as with the intermediate value theorem, an alternative version su... | Constructive analysis | 0.796462 |
96,803 | Sowa's research interest since the 1970s were in the field of artificial intelligence, expert systems and database query linked to natural languages. In his work he combines ideas from numerous disciplines and eras modern and ancient, for example, applying ideas from Aristotle, the medieval Scholastics to Alfred North ... | John F. Sowa | 0.796461 |
96,804 | Pugh's closing lemma means, for example, that any chaotic set in a bounded continuous dynamical system corresponds to a periodic orbit in a different but closely related dynamical system. As such, an open set of conditions on a bounded continuous dynamical system that rules out periodic behaviour also implies that the ... | Pugh's closing lemma | 0.796461 |
96,805 | Judd–Ofelt theory is a theory in physical chemistry describing the intensity of electron transitions within the 4f shell of rare-earth ions in solids and solutions.The theory was introduced independently in 1962 by Brian R. Judd of the University of California, Berkeley, and PhD candidate George S. Ofelt at Johns Hopki... | Judd–Ofelt theory | 0.796461 |
96,806 | His thesis was on the solution of differential equations. In 1874, after having taught at secondary school level first at the Joachimsthal Gymnasium then at the Sophienrealschule, he was appointed to the University of Berlin as an extraordinary professor of mathematics. Frobenius was only in Berlin a year before he wen... | Ferdinand Georg Frobenius | 0.796461 |
96,807 | The proof of the Einstein relation can be found in many references, for example see Kubo.Suppose some fixed, external potential energy U {\displaystyle U} generates a conservative force F ( x ) = − ∇ U ( x ) {\displaystyle F(\mathbf {x} )=-\nabla U(\mathbf {x} )} (for example, an electric force) on a particle located a... | Stokes-Einstein equation | 0.796461 |
96,808 | In 1981, Bartlett returned to Gainesville, as a Professor of Chemistry and Physics, and then in 1988 rose to the rank of Graduate Research Professor. Bartlett has been widely recognized as a pioneer of rigorous many-body methods for electron correlation, in particular, many-body perturbation and coupled cluster methods... | Rodney J. Bartlett | 0.796461 |
96,809 | Complex projective space CPn is also a compactification of Cn; the Alexandroff one-point compactification of the plane C is (homeomorphic to) the complex projective line CP1, which in turn can be identified with a sphere, the Riemann sphere. Passing to projective space is a common tool in algebraic geometry because the... | Compactification (mathematics) | 0.79646 |
96,810 | Likewise, the Artin–Wedderburn theorem reduces the classification of central simple algebras over a field to the case of division algebras. Generalizing these results, Tits showed that a reductive group over a field k is determined up to isomorphism by its Tits index together with its anisotropic kernel, an associated ... | Reductive group | 0.79646 |
96,811 | In probability theory, the Brownian tree, or Aldous tree, or Continuum Random Tree (CRT) is a random real tree that can be defined from a Brownian excursion. The Brownian tree was defined and studied by David Aldous in three articles published in 1991 and 1993. This tree has since then been generalized. | Brownian tree | 0.79646 |
96,812 | It is straightforward to express the monochromatic triangle problem in the monadic second-order logic of graphs (MSO2), by a logical formula that asserts the existence of a partition of the edges into two subsets such that there do not exist three mutually adjacent vertices whose edges all belong to the same side of th... | Monochromatic triangle | 0.79646 |
96,813 | Exploring MarsWritten by Neil English to coincide with the successful landing on the red planet by the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity in 2004, and including their first pictures, this pictorial history of man's robotic exploration portrays Mars in all its dusty red glory. The 3-D UniverseThe 3-D Universe features o... | Astronomy Now | 0.79646 |
96,814 | In probability and statistics, the 97.5th percentile point of the standard normal distribution is a number commonly used for statistical calculations. The approximate value of this number is 1.96, meaning that 95% of the area under a normal curve lies within approximately 1.96 standard deviations of the mean. Because o... | 97.5th percentile point | 0.79646 |
96,815 | Theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, in his book Physics of the Future, published in 2011, stated that, assuming sustained economic growth, humanity may attain planetary civilization status in 100 years. But where is all this technological change leading? Where is the final destination in this long voyage into science an... | Planetary civilization | 0.79646 |
96,816 | Silica analysis in UPW typically includes determination of reactive and total silica. Due to the complexity of silica chemistry, the form of silica measured is defined by the photometric (colorimetric) method as molybdate-reactive silica. Those forms of silica that are molybdate-reactive include dissolved simple silica... | Ultrapure water | 0.79646 |
96,817 | British geographer Michael Goodchild defined this area in the 1990s and summarized its core interests, including spatial analysis, visualization, and the representation of uncertainty. GIScience is conceptually related to geomatics, information science, computer science, and data science, but it claims the status of an... | Geographic Information Science | 0.79646 |
96,818 | Friedrich Ernst Peter Hirzebruch ForMemRS (17 October 1927 – 27 May 2012) was a German mathematician, working in the fields of topology, complex manifolds and algebraic geometry, and a leading figure in his generation. He has been described as "the most important mathematician in Germany of the postwar period." | Friedrich Hirzebruch | 0.79646 |
96,819 | The Sir Hans Krebs Lecture and Medal is awarded annually by the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or related sciences. It was endowed by the Lord Rank Centre for Research and named after the German-born British biochemist Sir Hans Adol... | Sir Hans Krebs Medal | 0.796459 |
96,820 | Several approaches to the problem of cost-effective high-pressure containers are possible. The main variables are the material to be used and the geometry of the containers. Standard method of storing non-condensed gases in metal flasks is not cost-effective for high-volume storage at high pressure. (This does not appl... | CNG carrier | 0.796459 |
96,821 | Neopentyllithium is an organolithium compound with the chemical formula C5H11Li. Commercially available, it is a strong, non-nucleophilic base sometimes encountered in organometallic chemistry. | Neopentyllithium | 0.796459 |
96,822 | The study of networks has emerged in diverse disciplines as a means of analyzing complex relational data. The earliest known paper in this field is the famous Seven Bridges of Königsberg written by Leonhard Euler in 1736. Euler's mathematical description of vertices and edges was the foundation of graph theory, a branc... | Terrorist network analysis | 0.796459 |
96,823 | Here the fact that in the limit a faithful representation of G is found is another consequence of the Peter–Weyl theorem. The unknown part of the representation theory of compact groups is thereby, roughly speaking, thrown back onto the complex representations of finite groups. This theory is rather rich in detail, but... | Compact group | 0.796459 |
96,824 | After studying first electrical engineering and then mathematics at the University of Budapest, he became a Research Fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Science from 1950 to 1965, received his Ph.D. as a student of Pál Turán in 1951, and became a Doctor of Science at the Academy in 1962. He fled communist Hungary in 196... | Peter Szüsz | 0.796459 |
96,825 | (2000) Behavioral Neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior. Sinauer, Sunderland Mass. Simmons, P., Young, D. | Species-specific behavior | 0.796458 |
96,826 | Particle swarm optimization Self-propelled particles Swarm intelligence | List of dynamical systems and differential equations topics | 0.796458 |
96,827 | Sarvazyan received the M.S., Ph.D., and D.Sc. degrees in 1964, 1969, and 1983, respectively, from the Moscow State University, Russia, and Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Early in his career, in the 1960s and 1970s, working in the Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Pushc... | Armen Sarvazyan | 0.796458 |
96,828 | Once in the grid, renewable energy is impossible to separate from the conventionally generated energy. This makes purchasing of a green certificate equal to purchasing a claim, that the certificate owner consumed energy from the renewable portion of the whole energy in the grid. Therefore certificate purchase does not ... | Green certificate | 0.796458 |
96,829 | However, few advances in the conservation of pandas were made at the time, owing to inexperience and insufficient knowledge of ecology. Many believed the best way to save the pandas was to cage them. Because of the destruction of their natural habitat, along with segregation caused by caging, reproduction of wild panda... | Giant panda | 0.796458 |
96,830 | In geometry, the mean line segment length is the average length of a line segment connecting two points chosen uniformly at random in a given shape. In other words, it is the expected Euclidean distance between two random points, where each point in the shape is equally likely to be chosen. Even for simple shapes such ... | Mean line segment length | 0.796457 |
96,831 | Some requirements for this career are a bachelor's degree with a double major in environmental science and either biology, physics or chemistry. Environmental Engineer- Involves the combination of biology/chemistry with engineering to generate ways to ensure the health of the planet. Scientific research is analyzed and... | Environmental education | 0.796457 |
96,832 | Banerjee earned a Bachelor of Technology degree in computer science and engineering from IIT Kanpur in 1996, followed by a Master of Science and PhD in computer science from the University of Maryland, College Park. | Suman Banerjee | 0.796457 |
96,833 | This is because, for example, a subway network is not closed, and passengers can be re-routed, by buses for example, even if a particular line in the network is down.Beyond human constructed networks, efficiency is a useful metric when talking about physical biological networks. In any facet of biology, the scarcity of... | Efficiency (network science) | 0.796457 |
96,834 | Special relativityIn physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's original treatment, the theory is based on two postulates:The laws of physics are invariant (that is, identical) in all inertial... | Virtual leak | 0.796457 |
96,835 | Comet Swift-Tuttle is placed at Kreativum, a science center in Karlshamn. The comet's orbit is closest to the Globe in inner Stockholm and farthest in Karlshamn, 390 km (240 mi) away. The Termination Shock is at the edge of the heliosphere: it is the boundary where the solar wind transitions to subsonic velocity. No sc... | Sweden Solar System | 0.796457 |
96,836 | Combining compost, plant or animal materials/waste, or green manure with soil will increase the amount of humus in the soil. Compost: decomposed organic material. Plant and animal material and waste: dead plants or plant waste such as leaves or bush and tree trimmings, or animal manure. Green manure: plants or plant ma... | Plant matter | 0.796456 |
96,837 | Statistics continues to advance. A lack of statistical literacy has long been condemned under many labels. H.G. Wells has been cited as saying that statistical understanding will one day be as important as being able to read or write but he may have been referring more to the older idea of political arithmetic than mod... | Statistical literacy | 0.796456 |
96,838 | In robotics, using linked convex polygons in this manner has been called "meadow mapping", coined in a 1986 technical report by Ronald C. Arkin.Navigation meshes in video game artificial intelligence are usually credited to Greg Snook's 2000 article "Simplified 3D Movement and Pathfinding Using Navigation Meshes" in Ga... | Navigation mesh | 0.796456 |
96,839 | Solid acids are chemical intermediates between salts and acids, such as CsHSO4. Solid acids of interest for fuel cell applications are those whose chemistry is based on oxyanion groups (SO42-, PO43−, SeO42−, AsO43−) linked together by hydrogen bonds and charge-balanced by large cation species (Cs+, Rb+, NH4+, K+).At lo... | Solid acid fuel cell | 0.796456 |
96,840 | interviewees Dr. Charles M. Benbrook as himself, former Director of National Academy of Sciences' Board on Agriculture Ignacio Chapela as himself, microbial ecologist at University of California Berkeley Exequiel Ezcurra as himself, Director of National Institute of Ecology, Mexico Louise Gale as herself, Greenpeace In... | The Future of Food | 0.796456 |
96,841 | Ali received her Bachelors of Science, Masters of Science, and Diplôme d'Étude Approfondie from the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. She earned her Ph.D. in Geology and Aqueous Geochemistry from the Boone Pickens School of Geology at Oklahoma State University in 2010 with a dissertation entitled Carbon Cycling and St... | Hendratta Ali | 0.796455 |
96,842 | Earth systems engineering and management (ESEM) is a discipline used to analyze, design, engineer and manage complex environmental systems. It entails a wide range of subject areas including anthropology, engineering, environmental science, ethics and philosophy. At its core, ESEM looks to "rationally design and manage... | Systems ecology | 0.796455 |
96,843 | After graduating from University of Arizona, Engler earned his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1998 while working with Frans Kaashoek in the MIT CSAIL Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems Group. The focus of his graduate studies was the exokernel.Engler is currently an associate professor ... | Dawson Engler | 0.796455 |
96,844 | However, Robert B. Griffiths holds the opinion that asking the question of which set of histories will "actually occur" is a misinterpretation of the theory; histories are a tool for description of reality, not separate alternate realities. Proponents of this consistent histories interpretation—such as Murray Gell-Mann... | Consistent Histories | 0.796454 |
96,845 | Other than excessive sleep, the disease causes hallucination, nausea and vomiting, and disorientation. Victims of the disease would sometimes act as if they were drunk, would experience memory loss about what they had done and experienced, and would often experience hallucinations like a "snail walking over their face"... | Sleeping sickness of Kalachi, Kazakhstan | 0.796454 |
96,846 | Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology (DART) is an unsupervised algorithm that estimates an activity score for a pathway in a gene expression matrix, following a denoising step. In DART, a weighted average is used where the weights reflect the degree of the nodes in the pruned network. The denoising s... | Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology | 0.796454 |
96,847 | Neural network models have indicated that this is not a direct effect of the temperature per se but rather a result of the temperature dependence of the driving force for the reaction and the strength of the austenite surrounding the plates. At higher temperatures, and hence lower undercooling, the reduced thermodynami... | Bainite | 0.796454 |
96,848 | A single convention can be somewhat standard throughout a single field that commonly uses matrix calculus (e.g. econometrics, statistics, estimation theory and machine learning). However, even within a given field different authors can be found using competing conventions. | Matrix differentiation | 0.796453 |
96,849 | The conjecture, if proven, would generalize most known results in transcendental number theory. The special case where the numbers z1,...,zn are all algebraic is the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem. If, on the other hand, the numbers are chosen so as to make exp(z1),...,exp(zn) all algebraic then one would prove that lin... | Schanuel's conjecture | 0.796453 |
96,850 | Hofstadter thinks our minds appear to us to determine the world by way of "downward causality", which refers to a situation where a cause-and-effect relationship in a system gets flipped upside-down. Hofstadter says this happens in the proof of Gödel's incompleteness theorem: Merely from knowing the formula's meaning, ... | Strange loops | 0.796453 |
96,851 | Sixty Symbols is Haran's YouTube channel for physics and astronomy. The first video was released in April 2009, with the original run of videos focusing on commonly used physics notations. Since then, videos on topics such as the greenhouse effect, the age of the universe, and several on black holes have been released. | Sixty Symbols | 0.796453 |
96,852 | Oyekunle Ayinde "Kunle" Olukotun is a British-born Nigerian computer scientist who is the Cadence Design Systems Professor of the Stanford School of Engineering, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Pervasive Parallelism Lab. Olukotun is known ... | Kunle Olukotun | 0.796453 |
96,853 | KIG is free and open-source interactive geometry software, which is part of the KDE Education Project. It has some facilities for scripting in Python, as well as the creating macros from existing constructions. | Kig (software) | 0.796453 |
96,854 | The Splitting principle of topological K-theory allows one to reduce statements about arbitrary vector bundles to statements about sums of line bundles. The Thom isomorphism theorem in topological K-theory is where T(E) is the Thom space of the vector bundle E over X. This holds whenever E is a spin-bundle. The Atiyah-... | Topological K-theory | 0.796453 |
96,855 | Michel Kervaire exhibited topological manifolds with no smooth structure at all. Some constructions of smooth manifold theory, such as the existence of tangent bundles, can be done in the topological setting with much more work, and others cannot. One of the main topics in differential topology is the study of special ... | Differential Topology | 0.796452 |
96,856 | An augmented transition network or ATN is a type of graph theoretic structure used in the operational definition of formal languages, used especially in parsing relatively complex natural languages, and having wide application in artificial intelligence. An ATN can, theoretically, analyze the structure of any sentence,... | Augmented transition network | 0.796452 |
96,857 | Several companies manufacture and supply rotating-vane variable-geometry turbochargers, including Garrett, BorgWarner, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. This design is mostly limited to small engines and light-duty applications (passenger cars, race cars and light commercial vehicles). The main supplier of sliding-vane ... | Variable geometry turbocharger | 0.796452 |
96,858 | Colossally abundant numbers are one of several classes of integers that try to capture the notion of having many divisors. For a positive integer n, the sum-of-divisors function σ(n) gives the sum of all those numbers that divide n, including 1 and n itself. Paul Bachmann showed that on average, σ(n) is around π2n / 6.... | Colossally abundant number | 0.796452 |
96,859 | The claim that the wave functional approach fails to apply to single particle experiments cannot be taken as a claim that quantum mechanics fails in describing single-particle phenomena. In fact, it gives correct results within the limits of a probabilistic or stochastic theory. Probability always requires a set of mul... | Statistical interpretation | 0.796452 |
96,860 | Lenore Carol Blum (née Epstein, born December 18, 1942) is an American computer scientist and mathematician who has made contributions to the theories of real number computation, cryptography, and pseudorandom number generation. She was a distinguished career professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University ... | Lenore Blum | 0.796451 |
96,861 | In physics, the Yang–Baxter equation (or star–triangle relation) is a consistency equation which was first introduced in the field of statistical mechanics. It depends on the idea that in some scattering situations, particles may preserve their momentum while changing their quantum internal states. It states that a mat... | Star-triangle relation | 0.796451 |
96,862 | He published his best-known work in his forties. This included his treatise on algebraic curves (1750). It contains the earliest demonstration that a curve of the n-th degree is determined by n(n + 3)/2 points on it, in general position. | Gabriel Cramer | 0.796451 |
96,863 | In hyperbolic geometry, a hyperbolic triangle is a triangle in the hyperbolic plane. It consists of three line segments called sides or edges and three points called angles or vertices. Just as in the Euclidean case, three points of a hyperbolic space of an arbitrary dimension always lie on the same plane. Hence planar... | Hyperbolic triangle | 0.796451 |
96,864 | Notably, she generalized techniques for a well-known spin-glass problem, that is the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model, to systems with p-spin interactions and defined, together with Bernard Derrida, the Generalized Random Energy Model (GREM).When working on the p-spin, she discovered that in the zero-temperature limit thi... | Elizabeth Gardner (physicist) | 0.796451 |
96,865 | The Hill's spherical vortex with a swirling motion is provided by Keith Moffatt in 1969. Earlier discussion of similar problems are provided by William Mitchinson Hicks in 1899. The solution was also discovered by Kelvin H. Pendergast in 1956, in the context of plasma physics, as there exists a direct connection betwee... | Hill's spherical vortex | 0.796451 |
96,866 | The sets of the form x + I n {\displaystyle x+I^{n}} for all x ∈ R {\displaystyle x\in R} and all positive integers n , {\displaystyle n,} form a base for a topology on R {\displaystyle R} that makes R {\displaystyle R} into a topological ring. Then for any left R {\displaystyle R} -module M , {\displaystyle M,} the se... | Topological module | 0.796451 |
96,867 | Hussein A. Abbass is a researcher into artificial intelligence and professor at the University of New South Wales. He joined the university in 2000 and became a professor in 2007. He is known for his research into the language Jingulu and its uses for artificial intelligence. | Hussein Abbass | 0.796451 |
96,868 | Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields such... | Head-driven phrase structure grammar | 0.79645 |
96,869 | Bilayer graphene displays the anomalous quantum Hall effect, a tunable band gap and potential for excitonic condensation. Bilayer graphene typically can be found either in twisted configurations where the two layers are rotated relative to each other or graphitic Bernal stacked configurations where half the atoms in on... | Graphene morphology | 0.79645 |
96,870 | Communications system engineering, see telecommunication Computer systems engineering, see also computer engineeringComputer science and systems engineering, see also computer scienceControl systems engineering | List of types of systems engineering | 0.79645 |
96,871 | 2019 Senior Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust 2014 Senior Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust 2009 CINE Golden Eagle Award for the animation “Dengue Virus Visualization” on Teachers’ Domain 2008 Nominated for the 2009 American Crystallography Association Margaret C. Etter Early Career Award (the award... | Yorgo Modis | 0.79645 |
96,872 | The same is true in general relativity, of tensor fields describing a physical property. The component-free approach is also used extensively in abstract algebra and homological algebra, where tensors arise naturally. Note: This article assumes an understanding of the tensor product of vector spaces without chosen base... | Tensor (intrinsic definition) | 0.79645 |
96,873 | 41). All these definitions may be extended to finitely generated graded modules over S, with the only difference that a factor tm appears in the Hilbert series, where m is the minimal degree of the generators of the module, which may be negative. The Hilbert function, the Hilbert series and the Hilbert polynomial of a ... | Hilbert series | 0.796449 |
96,874 | In logic and universal algebra, Post's lattice denotes the lattice of all clones on a two-element set {0, 1}, ordered by inclusion. It is named for Emil Post, who published a complete description of the lattice in 1941. The relative simplicity of Post's lattice is in stark contrast to the lattice of clones on a three-e... | Post's lattice | 0.796449 |
96,875 | wide area networks: computer network covering a wide geographical area, involving a vast array of computers. minicomputer systems: multi-user computers which make up the middle range of the computing spectrum, usually single-user systems (such as personal computers). Macro-computer systems: Usually large multi-user sys... | Information systems technician | 0.796449 |
96,876 | Gyrase and topoisomerase IV differ by their C-terminal domains, which is believed to dictate substrate specificity and functionality for these two enzymes. Footprinting indicates that gyrase, which forms a 140-base-pair footprint and wraps DNA, introduces negative supercoils, while topoisomerase IV, which forms a 28-ba... | Topoisomerase II | 0.796449 |
96,877 | The initial design used two parallel axial turbines, using last stage rotors taken from large steam turbines. Later, a team led by Dr. Bharathan at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the initial conceptual design for up-dated 210 kW open-cycle OTEC experiment (). This design integrated all compon... | Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion | 0.796449 |
96,878 | The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, translated into Latin by Robert of Chester in 1145, was used until the sixteenth century as the principal mathematical text-book of European universities.In addition to his best-known works, he revised Ptolemy's Geography, listing the longitudes and latit... | Al-Khwarizmi | 0.796448 |
96,879 | First, a large planar subgraph is found within the given graph. Then, the remaining edges that are not already part of this subgraph are added back one at a time, and routed through an embedding of the planar subgraph. When one of these edges crosses an already-embedded edge, the two edges that cross are replaced by tw... | Graph skewness | 0.796448 |
96,880 | Sotiropoulos has made seminal contributions in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), spanning a broad range of topics in turbulence, vortex dynamics, flow-structure interactions, and chaotic dynamics. His work has been inherently interdisciplinary and impacted numerous fields in civil engineering, mechanical engineering,... | Fotis Sotiropoulos | 0.796448 |
96,881 | The Pirbright Institute (formerly the Institute for Animal Health) is a research institute in Surrey, England, dedicated to the study of infectious diseases of farm animals. It forms part of the UK government's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). The institute employs scientists, vets, PhD s... | Pirbright Institute | 0.796448 |
96,882 | {\displaystyle x_{1}y_{1},\,x_{1}y_{2},\,x_{2}y_{1},\,x_{2}y_{2},\,x_{1}/x_{2}.} All the above conjectures and theorems are consequences of the unproven extension of Baker's theorem, that logarithms of algebraic numbers that are linearly independent over the rational numbers are automatically algebraically independent ... | Six exponentials theorem | 0.796448 |
96,883 | New storm water drainage systems incorporate geotextile filters that retain and prevent fine grains of soil from passing into and clogging the drain. Geotextiles are synthetic textile fabrics specially manufactured for civil and environmental engineering applications. Geotextiles are designed to retain fine soil partic... | Drainage channel | 0.796447 |
96,884 | The quantization of the atoms matched his formula incorporated into the Bohr model. After a presentation of these results by Franck a few years later, Albert Einstein is said to have remarked, "It's so lovely it makes you cry. "On December 10, 1926, Franck and Hertz were awarded the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the... | Franck–Hertz experiment | 0.796447 |
96,885 | From its origins as a language for children of all ages, standard Smalltalk syntax uses punctuation in a manner more like English than mainstream coding languages. The remainder of the language, including control structures for conditional evaluation and iteration, is implemented on top of the built-in constructs by th... | Smalltalk | 0.796447 |
96,886 | Nearly all classical block codes apply the algebraic properties of finite fields. Hence classical block codes are often referred to as algebraic codes. In contrast to classical block codes that often specify an error-detecting or error-correcting ability, many modern block codes such as LDPC codes lack such guarantees. | Error-correcting code | 0.796447 |
96,887 | The first algorithm over all fields for persistent homology in algebraic topology setting was described by Barannikov through reduction to the canonical form by upper-triangular matrices. The algorithm for persistent homology over F 2 {\displaystyle F_{2}} was given by Edelsbrunner et al. Zomorodian and Carlsson gave t... | Topological Data Analysis | 0.796447 |
96,888 | In organic chemistry, an active ester is an ester functional group that is highly susceptible toward nucleophilic attack. Activation can be imparted by modifications of the acyl or the alkoxy components of a normal ester, say ethyl acetate. Typical modifications call for electronegative substituents. Active esters are ... | Activated ester | 0.796447 |
96,889 | announced the closure of their Cambridge research site, after which it was occupied by Idenix Pharmaceuticals.Merck & Co. purchased the pharmaceutical company Idenix Pharmaceuticals in 2014 for $3.85 billion. The acquisition included its previously occupied research space in Kendall Square, a neighborhood within the Bi... | Exploratory Science Center | 0.796446 |
96,890 | The Bingel reaction is a popular method in fullerene chemistry. The malonate (functionalized with the halide atom) is often obtained in situ in a mixture of base and tetrabromomethane or iodine. The reaction is also known to take place with the ester groups replaced by alkyne groups in dialkynylmethanofullerenes. An al... | Bingel reaction | 0.796446 |
96,891 | A great deal of speculation developed around the disc during the 20th century, particularly capturing the imagination of amateur archeologists. Many attempts have been made to decipher the code behind the disc's signs, with a wide variety of theories having been suggested, including prayers, a narrative or an adventure... | Phaistos Disc | 0.796446 |
96,892 | In July 2014, WWF and the World Resources Institute convened a discussion among a number of major US companies who had declared their intention to increase their use of renewable energy. These discussions identified a number of "principles" which companies seeking greater access to renewable energy considered important... | Renewable energy sources | 0.796445 |
96,893 | B2FH drew scientific attention to the field of nuclear astrophysics. By reviewing the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and supporting it with observational evidence, B2FH firmly established the theory among astronomers. Fowler was awarded half of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics, which has sometimes been erroneously st... | B2FH Paper | 0.796445 |
96,894 | In standard quantum mechanics a physical system is associated with a Hilbert space H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} . States of the system at a fixed time are represented by normalised vectors in the space and physical observables are represented by Hermitian operators on H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} . A physical p... | History projection operator | 0.796445 |
96,895 | Cladistics offers a way to cluster by trait transformations but no evolutionary tree can be entirely dichotomous. Phylogenetics posits shared ancestral taxa as causal agents for dichotomies yet there is no evidence for the existence of such taxa. Molecular systematics uses DNA sequence data for tracking evolutionary ch... | Evolutionary taxonomy | 0.796445 |
96,896 | Reviews of the book are generally enthusiastic about Tegmark's ability to make scientific topics enjoyable and intelligible. For example, according to a reviewer for The Guardian:Tegmark, a professor of physics at MIT, writes at the cutting edge of cosmology and quantum theory in friendly and relaxed prose, full of ent... | Our Mathematical Universe | 0.796445 |
96,897 | The major problem with their incongruence is that, at Planck scale (a fundamental small unit of length) lengths, general relativity predicts a smooth, flowing surface, while quantum mechanics predicts a random, warped surface, which are nowhere near compatible. Superstring theory resolves this issue, replacing the clas... | Super-string theory | 0.796445 |
96,898 | He worked with Balthasar van der Pol, known for the Van der Pol oscillator, and Frans Michel Penning, known for Penning ionization and the Penning mixture. In 1908 he became a geprüfter Fachlehrer, or qualified teacher. And most important, he became the science director of the Philips Physics Laboratory in Eindhoven. I... | Gilles Holst | 0.796444 |
96,899 | All player characters have six basic statistics: Strength (STR): Strength is a measure of muscle, endurance and stamina combined; a high strength score indicates superiority in all these attributes. Strength affects the ability of characters to lift and carry weights, melee attack rolls, damage rolls (for both melee an... | Ability score | 0.796444 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.