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97,000 | Heisenberg's paper establishing quantum mechanics has puzzled physicists and historians. His methods assume that the reader is familiar with Kramers-Heisenberg transition probability calculations. The main new idea, non-commuting matrices, is justified only by a rejection of unobservable quantities. It introduces the n... | Werner Heisenberg | 0.796421 |
97,001 | The prize is named in honor of physicist Richard Feynman, whose 1959 talk "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" is considered to have inspired and informed the start of the field of nanotechnology. Author Colin Milburn refers to the prize as an example of "fetishizing" its namesake Feynman, due to his "prestige as a s... | Foresight Institute | 0.796421 |
97,002 | Sydney Brenner's studies on animal development began in the late 1950s in what was to become the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, UK. It was at this lab that during the 1970s and 1980s, a team led by John Sulston succeeded in tracing the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans entire embryonic cell lineage. ... | History of apoptosis research | 0.79642 |
97,003 | He most likely borrowed the phrase from Darwin's The Origin of Species. An admirer of Herbert Spencer, Marshall intended the epigraph both to proclaim his adherence to evolutionary thought and to justify his use of differential calculus as an analytical tool—a use seen in all the seminal thinkers of neoclassical econom... | Natura non facit saltus | 0.79642 |
97,004 | In geometry, a hyperboloid of revolution, sometimes called a circular hyperboloid, is the surface generated by rotating a hyperbola around one of its principal axes. A hyperboloid is the surface obtained from a hyperboloid of revolution by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine t... | Two-sheeted hyperboloid | 0.79642 |
97,005 | In algebra, a seminormal ring is a commutative reduced ring in which, whenever x, y satisfy x 3 = y 2 {\displaystyle x^{3}=y^{2}} , there is s with s 2 = x {\displaystyle s^{2}=x} and s 3 = y {\displaystyle s^{3}=y} . This definition was given by Swan (1980) as a simplification of the original definition of Traverso (1... | Seminormal ring | 0.79642 |
97,006 | Marshall continues research related to H. pylori and runs a molecular biology lab at UWA in Perth, Western Australia. Some believed that mastic gum, a tree resin extract, actively eliminates the H. pylori bacteria. However, multiple subsequent studies have found no effect of using mastic gum on reducing H. pylori level... | Gastric ulcer | 0.79642 |
97,007 | From this he argues that the photons exhibit wave behavior, including high fringe visibility but no which-way information, up to the point they hit the detector: "In other words the two-peaked distribution is an interference pattern and the photon behaves as a wave and exhibits no particle properties until it hits the ... | Afshar experiment | 0.79642 |
97,008 | Jillian M. Buriak FRSC is a Canadian chemist, currently a Canada Research Chair in Nanomaterials at University of Alberta and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and Royal Society of Chemistry. She is known for her work developing flexible, lightweight sol... | Jillian Buriak | 0.79642 |
97,009 | {\displaystyle \tau ^{2}(t)=\tau (t).} The OPE constitute four matrix differential equations. The first two equations listed below are generalizations of the matrix Riccati differential equations associated to the conventional full-order LQG controller. | Optimal projection equations | 0.79642 |
97,010 | Small systems: For systems which are small along every dimension (e.g., a small molecule or a quantum dot), there is no continuous band structure. The crossover between small and large dimensions is the realm of mesoscopic physics. Strongly correlated materials (for example, Mott insulators) simply cannot be understood... | Band theory of solids | 0.796419 |
97,011 | For a given α {\displaystyle \alpha } , there are as many α i {\displaystyle \alpha _{i}} as there are H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} and so one may define the vector α = α i H i {\displaystyle \alpha =\alpha _{i}H_{i}} , this vector is termed a root of the algebra. The roots of Lie algebras appear in regular structures (fo... | Structure constants | 0.796419 |
97,012 | From the early 1960s, molecular biology was increasingly seen as a threat to the traditional core of evolutionary biology. Established evolutionary biologists—particularly Ernst Mayr, Theodosius Dobzhansky and G. G. Simpson, three of the founders of the modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s—were extremel... | History of molecular evolution | 0.796419 |
97,013 | Additionally, he has held visiting positions at the Institute for Advanced Study and the University of Florida.He is notable for his work on high-energy physics. He is one of the namesakes of the Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound, along with his graduate student M.K. | Charles M. Sommerfield | 0.796419 |
97,014 | These broad subject fields are each further divided into subfields. For example, Astronomy (Au) encompasses: AS01 Astronomy (51)Retrospective from 1989 This subfield includes ordinary inquiries involving astronomy. Moreover, this subfield includes theoretical aspects of astronomy and celestial mechanics. Methods of ast... | VINITI Database RAS | 0.796419 |
97,015 | According to drive theory, the forces of instinct combine into a single source of energy which exerts a constant influence. Psychoanalysis, like biology, regarded these forces as demands originating in the nervous system. Psychoanalysts believed that these forces, especially the sexual instincts, could become entangled... | Psychological sciences | 0.796419 |
97,016 | Jorgensen's research interests are broad and include the calculation of free energy of reactions using quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, and Metropolis Monte Carlo methods, with application to the calculation of protein-ligand binding affinities, which have pharmaceutical applications. Most generally, the researc... | William L. Jorgensen | 0.796418 |
97,017 | {\displaystyle (\chi |\chi )\in \mathbb {N} _{0}.} The case ( χ | χ ) = 1 {\displaystyle (\chi |\chi )=1} holds if and only if V {\displaystyle V} is irreducible. Therefore, using the first theorem, the characters of irreducible representations of G {\displaystyle G} form an orthonormal set on C class ( G ) {\displayst... | Complex representations of finite groups | 0.796418 |
97,018 | In the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics as presented by von Neumann, a physical observable is represented by some (possibly unbounded) densely defined self-adjoint operator A on a Hilbert space H. A has a spectral decomposition, which is a projection-valued measure E defined on the Borel subsets of R. In ... | Quantum Logic | 0.796418 |
97,019 | A setback to using Bioglass 45S5 is that it is difficult to process into porous 3D scaffolds. These porous scaffolds are usually prepared by sintering glass particles that are already formed into the 3D geometry and allowing them to bond to the particles into a strong glass phase made up of a network of pores. Since th... | Bioglass 45S5 | 0.796418 |
97,020 | This is motivated by theoretical work in TDA, since the Reeb graph is related to Morse theory and MAPPER is derived from it. The proof of this theorem relies on the interleaving distance. | Topological Data Analysis | 0.796418 |
97,021 | The Krull dimension (or dimension) dim R of a ring R measures the "size" of a ring by, roughly speaking, counting independent elements in R. The dimension of algebras over a field k can be axiomatized by four properties: The dimension is a local property: dim R = supp ∊ Spec R dim Rp. The dimension is independent of ni... | Commutative rings | 0.796418 |
97,022 | In this model, bodies and signals transferring through the neurons connections represent a physical body, and virtual connections between neurons are representing an astral body. It is proposed to create models of artificial neuron networks on the basis of virtual machine supporting the opportunity for paranormal effec... | Semantic neural network | 0.796418 |
97,023 | He finally settled on R. Buckminster Fuller.Fuller spent much of his youth on Bear Island, in Penobscot Bay off the coast of Maine. He attended Froebelian Kindergarten. He was dissatisfied with the way geometry was taught in school, disagreeing with the notions that a chalk dot on the blackboard represented an "empty" ... | Buckminster Fuller | 0.796418 |
97,024 | Stronger results are known for restricted classes of polynomials or algebraic numbers. If P(x) is not reciprocal then M ( P ) ≥ M ( x 3 − x − 1 ) ≈ 1.3247 {\displaystyle M(P)\geq M(x^{3}-x-1)\approx 1.3247} and this is clearly best possible. If further all the coefficients of P are odd then M ( P ) ≥ M ( x 2 − x − 1 ) ... | Lehmer conjecture | 0.796418 |
97,025 | Sliders are used to allocate a colony's output between ship construction, planetary defenses, factory construction, ecology, and research. Planetary population generates production, especially when assisted by factories. There is a limit on the number of factories a unit of population can operate, but building upgrades... | Master of Orion | 0.796418 |
97,026 | "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article "The Apportionment of Human Diversity", that the practice of dividing humanity into races is taxonomically invalid because any given individual will often have more ... | Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy | 0.796417 |
97,027 | H C {\displaystyle H_{\mathbb {C} }} A natural ordering of self-adjoint operators arises from the definition of positive operators. Define B ≥ A {\displaystyle B\geq A} if the following hold: A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B} are self-adjoint B − A ≥ 0 {\displaystyle B-A\geq 0} It can be seen that a similar r... | Positive operator | 0.796417 |
97,028 | The trivector that gives the same product as the above coordinate transform is v = e 124 + e 235 + e 346 + e 457 + e 561 + e 672 + e 713 . {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} =\mathbf {e} _{124}+\mathbf {e} _{235}+\mathbf {e} _{346}+\mathbf {e} _{457}+\mathbf {e} _{561}+\mathbf {e} _{672}+\mathbf {e} _{713}.} This is combined w... | Seven-dimensional cross product | 0.796417 |
97,029 | All period three elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope. All but the noble gas argon are essential to basic geology and biology. Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal. It is present in Earth's oceans in large quantities in the form of sodium chloride (table salt). | Period (periodic table) | 0.796417 |
97,030 | In mathematics, an abstract polytope is an algebraic partially ordered set which captures the dyadic property of a traditional polytope without specifying purely geometric properties such as points and lines. A geometric polytope is said to be a realization of an abstract polytope in some real N-dimensional space, typi... | Projective polytope | 0.796417 |
97,031 | The Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (神岡宇宙素粒子研究施設, Kamioka Uchū Soryūshi Kenkyū Shisetsu, Japanese pronunciation: ) is a neutrino and gravitational waves laboratory located underground in the Mozumi mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co. near the Kamioka section of the city of Hida in Gifu Pr... | Kamioka Observatory | 0.796416 |
97,032 | The general first-order, linear (only with respect to the term involving derivative) integro-differential equation is of the form d d x u ( x ) + ∫ x 0 x f ( t , u ( t ) ) d t = g ( x , u ( x ) ) , u ( x 0 ) = u 0 , x 0 ≥ 0. {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}u(x)+\int _{x_{0}}^{x}f(t,u(t))\,dt=g(x,u(x)),\qquad u(x_{0})=u_{... | Integrodifferential equation | 0.796416 |
97,033 | Most, but not all, ordinary chondrites have experienced significant degrees of metamorphism, having reached temperatures well above 500 °C on the parent asteroids. They are divided into three groups, which have different amounts of metal and different amounts of total iron: H chondrite have high total iron and high met... | Petrologic type | 0.796416 |
97,034 | In effect, Leibniz’s theory of force involves the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the matter-form composite as the pivotal concept of the metaphysics of corporeal nature. Leibniz’s concern to revive the Aristotelian explanatory scheme by means of the concept of substantial force underlies his description of the st... | Dynamism (metaphysics) | 0.796416 |
97,035 | Ann C. Russey Cannon is an American statistics educator, the Watson M. Davis Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at Cornell College in Iowa. As of 2016, she was the only statistician at Cornell College.Cannon is a graduate of Grinnell College, and completed a doctorate in statistics at Iowa State University in 1994... | Ann R. Cannon | 0.796416 |
97,036 | Luther also confirmed his marriage to the widow of his predecessor in the ministry. Michael Stifel was fascinated regarding the properties and possibilities of numbers; he studied number theory and numerology. He also performed the "Wortrechnung" (i.e. word-calculation), studying the statistical properties of letters a... | Michael Stifel | 0.796416 |
97,037 | The challenge lies in bridging different spatial and temporal scales: from tenths of nanometers to thousands of kilometers and from nanoseconds to years. Pöschl is also the founder and chief executive editor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Eur... | Ulrich Pöschl | 0.796416 |
97,038 | Trimethylsilyl azide is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiN3. A colorless liquid, it is a reagent in organic chemistry, serving as the equivalent of hydrazoic acid. | Trimethylsilyl azide | 0.796415 |
97,039 | There was especially an emphasis on the element, Mercury, in this culture. The name of these specific practices in Ayurvedic medicine, were termed 'Rasashaastra', which means the "Science of Mercury." which has eventually become known as Iatrochemistry in current terminology. Much of the focus of 'Rasashaastra' was on ... | Iatrochemistry | 0.796415 |
97,040 | Sophia imitates human gestures and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple conversations on predefined topics (e.g. on the weather). The AI program analyses conversations and extracts data that allows it to improve responses in the future. Nine other robot humanoid "siblings" who w... | Autonomous foraging | 0.796415 |
97,041 | Special techniques may be used to handle censored data. Tests with specific failure times are coded as actual failures; censored data are coded for the type of censoring and the known interval or limit. Special software programs (often reliability oriented) can conduct a maximum likelihood estimation for summary statis... | Censoring (statistics) | 0.796414 |
97,042 | Grete Kellenberger contributed to the development of new methods to prepare and analyse biological samples using an electron microscope, a new technique at the time. After Jean Weigle left for the California Institute of Technology in 1948, Grete Kellenberger took on an increasingly important role in the study of lambd... | Grete Kellenberger-Gujer | 0.796414 |
97,043 | The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. The first cell theory is credited to the work of Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in the 1830s. In this theory the internal contents of cells were called protoplasm and described as a jelly-like substance, sometimes called living jell... | Cell Theory | 0.796414 |
97,044 | The ZX-calculus was first introduced by Bob Coecke and Ross Duncan in 2008 as an extension of the categorical quantum mechanics school of reasoning. They introduced the fundamental concepts of spiders, strong complementarity and most of the standard rewrite rules.In 2009 Duncan and Perdrix found the additional Euler de... | ZX-calculus | 0.796414 |
97,045 | After finishing secondary school in 1925 in Passau, Peschl started studying mathematics, physics, and astronomy in Munich. He received his doctorate in 1931 from the University of Munich under the supervision of Constantin Carathéodory with a dissertation titled Über die Krümmung von Niveaukurven bei der konformen Abbi... | Ernst Peschl | 0.796414 |
97,046 | A resistor is often inserted between the non-inverting input and ground (so both inputs "see" similar resistances), reducing the input offset voltage due to different voltage drops due to bias current, and may reduce distortion in some op amps. A DC-blocking capacitor may be inserted in series with the input resistor w... | Operational Amplifier | 0.796414 |
97,047 | It states that the amount of the conserved quantity at a point or within a volume can only change by the amount of the quantity which flows in or out of the volume. From Noether's theorem, every differentiable symmetry leads to a conservation law. Other conserved quantities can exist as well. | Physical conservation law | 0.796414 |
97,048 | In mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant with respect to projective transformations. This means that, compared to elementary Euclidean geometry, projective geometry has a different setting, projective space, and a selective set of basic geometric concepts. The basic in... | Axioms of projective geometry | 0.796413 |
97,049 | Although weighted networks are more difficult to analyse than if ties were simply present or absent, a number of network measures has been proposed for weighted networks: Node strength: The sum of weights attached to ties belonging to a node Closeness: Redefined by using Dijkstra's distance algorithm Betweenness: Redef... | Weighted network | 0.796413 |
97,050 | Wrote several treatises using the finger-counting system of arithmetic and was also an expert on the Indian numerals system. About the Indian system, he wrote: " did not find application in business circles and among the population of the Eastern Caliphate for a long time." Using the Indian numeral system, abu'l Wafa w... | Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world | 0.796413 |
97,051 | A class C {\displaystyle C} of ordinals is said to be unbounded, or cofinal, when given any ordinal α {\displaystyle \alpha } , there is a β {\displaystyle \beta } in C {\displaystyle C} such that α < β {\displaystyle \alpha <\beta } (then the class must be a proper class, i.e., it cannot be a set). It is said to be cl... | Omega (ordinal) | 0.796413 |
97,052 | Information theory recognises that all data are inexact and statistical in nature. Thus the definition of measurement is: "A set of observations that reduce uncertainty where the result is expressed as a quantity." This definition is implied in what scientists actually do when they measure something and report both the... | Theory of measurement | 0.796413 |
97,053 | Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology, molecular pathology, and Immunohaematology. This specialty require... | Clinical pathologist | 0.796412 |
97,054 | In 1879, Schott developed a new lithium-based glass that possessed novel optical properties. Schott shared this discovery with Ernst Abbe, a professor of physics at Jena University whose comments on glass had stimulated Schott's interest in the subject. I recently produced a glass, in which a considerable amount of lit... | Otto Schott | 0.796412 |
97,055 | Satria et. al, 2021 across BiG-SLiCE demonstrate the utility of such analyses by reconstructing a global map of secondary metabolic diversity across taxonomy to identify uncharted biosynthetic potential, opens up new possibilities to accelerate natural product discovery and offers a first step towards constructing a gl... | Computational genomics | 0.796412 |
97,056 | One example is the coupled dimerization and hydroesterification of 1,3-butadiene. This step produces a doubly unsaturated C9-ester: 2 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + CO + CH3OH → CH2=CH(CH2)3CH=CHCH2CO2CH3The monomer in this reaction is butadiene, the degree of polymerization is 2, and the end groups are vinyl and the carboxy methyl (... | Telomerization | 0.796412 |
97,057 | A study into exactly how a hadrosaur broke down and ate its food was conducted by Vince Williams, a graduate student at the University of Leicester; Paul Barrett, a paleontologist with London's Natural History Museum; and Mark Purnell, a British paleontologist from the geology department of the University of Leicester.... | Hadrosaur diet | 0.796411 |
97,058 | Although covalent conjugation has been the dominant strategy for constructing polymer-protein hybrids, noncovalent chemistry can add another level of complexity and provides the opportunity to create higher-ordered structures. Specifically, self-assembly by non-covalent interactions is progressing rapidly. Supramolecul... | Polymer-protein hybrid | 0.796411 |
97,059 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Cm2645 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nu... | Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Cm2645 | 0.796411 |
97,060 | The Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the ancient Greeks Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and made famous by the historian and scholar Polybius. The device is used for fractionating plaintext characters so that they can be represented by a smaller set of symbols, which is usefu... | Polybius cipher | 0.796411 |
97,061 | The bottle gourd was theorized to have drifted across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to South America, but in 2005 a group of researchers suggested that it may have been domesticated earlier than food crops and livestock and, like dogs, was brought into the New World at the end of the ice age by the native hunter-gathe... | Calabash gourd | 0.796411 |
97,062 | Interacting soil and pollutant chemicals truly account for the work that can be completed by these microorganisms. These processes change the soil composition and layering, along with the biochemistry of the ecosystem. These chemical and biological changes require adaptation from soil microbes to bioremediate. | Bioremediation of oil spills | 0.796411 |
97,063 | The wide range of terminal functional groups available for dendrimers allows for many different types of linker chemistries, providing yet another tunable component on the system. Key parameters to consider for linker chemistry are (1) release mechanism upon arrival to the target site, whether that be within the cell o... | Dendrimer | 0.79641 |
97,064 | By virtue of being a totally ordered set, they also carry an order topology; the topology arising from the metric and the one arising from the order are identical, but yield different presentations for the topology—in the order topology as ordered intervals, in the metric topology as epsilon-balls. The Dedekind cuts co... | Real number system | 0.79641 |
97,065 | JIT compilation is a combination of the two traditional approaches to translation to machine code—ahead-of-time compilation (AOT), and interpretation—and combines some advantages and drawbacks of both. Roughly, JIT compilation combines the speed of compiled code with the flexibility of interpretation, with the overhead... | Just in time compiler | 0.79641 |
97,066 | Surface chemistry of polymers can also be modified for specific applications. Specifically, the surface of PDMSs can be ion-irradiated with elements such as magnesium, tantalum, and iron to decrease surface hydrophobicity, allowing for better cell adhesion in ‘’in vivo’’ applications. The most common polymers used in b... | Bio-MEMS | 0.79641 |
97,067 | In 2017-2021 Dinets was a Science and Technology Associate and later a Visiting Researcher at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology., working on behavior, ecology and conservation of birds and mammals in Asia. During that time he participated in OKEON Project conducting a long-term study of Okinawa ecosystems, an... | Vladimir Dinets | 0.79641 |
97,068 | The 6 MW Energiepark Mainz from Stadtwerke Mainz, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Linde and Siemens in Mainz (Germany) will open in 2015. Power to gas and other energy storage schemes to store and utilize renewable energy are part of Germany's Energiewende (energy transition program).In France, the MINERVE de... | Power-to-gas | 0.79641 |
97,069 | In particle physics, flavor-changing neutral currents or flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are hypothetical interactions that change the flavor of a fermion without altering its electric charge. | Flavour-changing neutral current | 0.79641 |
97,070 | For the Boolean poset of finite subsets S ⊂ { 1 , 2 , 3 , … } {\displaystyle S\subset \{1,2,3,\ldots \}} ordered by inclusion S ⊂ T {\displaystyle S\subset T} , the reduced incidence algebra consists of invariant functions f ( S , T ) , {\displaystyle f(S,T),} defined to have the same value on isomorphic intervals and... | Incidence algebra | 0.796409 |
97,071 | We can augment the definition of a lambda expression to gain one in the context of lambda-mu calculus. The three main expressions found in lambda calculus are as follows: V, a variable, where V is any identifier. λV.E, an abstraction, where V is any identifier and E is any lambda expression. (E E′), an application, whe... | Lambda-mu calculus | 0.796409 |
97,072 | One of the most important structure theorems about Noetherian rings and Noetherian schemes is the Dévissage theorem. This theorem makes it possible to decompose arguments about coherent sheaves into inductive arguments. It is because given a short exact sequence of coherent sheaves 0 → E ′ → E → E ″ → 0 {\displaystyle ... | Noetherian scheme | 0.796409 |
97,073 | George McDonald Church (born August 28, 1954) is an American geneticist, molecular engineer, chemist, serial entrepreneur, and pioneer in personal genomics and synthetic biology. He is the Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard University ... | George Church (geneticist) | 0.796409 |
97,074 | Interdisciplinary research data of Relu projects are archived at the UK Data Archive, in addition to the Environmental Information Data Centre. The Rural Economy and Land Use Programme Data Support Service (Relu-DSS) provided data support for Relu projects. Relu projects investigate the social, economic, environmental ... | UK Data Archive | 0.796409 |
97,075 | Subglacial environments in Antarctica need similar protection protocols to interplanetary missions. "7. Exploration protocols should also assume that the subglacial aquatic environments contain living organisms, and precautions should be adopted to prevent any permanent alteration of the biology (including introduction... | Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth | 0.796409 |
97,076 | In chemistry and physics, cohesion (from Latin cohaesiō 'cohesion, unity'), also called cohesive attraction or cohesive force, is the action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive. It is an intrinsic property of a substance that is caused by the shape and structure of its molecules, ... | Cohesive force | 0.796409 |
97,077 | A clearwater river is classified based on its chemistry, sediments and water colour. Clearwater rivers have a low conductivity, relatively low levels of dissolved solids, typically have a neutral to slightly acidic pH and are very clear with a greenish colour. Clearwater rivers often have fast-flowing sections.The main... | Clearwater river (river type) | 0.796409 |
97,078 | In mathematics, an ordinary singularity of an algebraic curve is a singular point of multiplicity r where the r tangents at the point are distinct (Walker 1950, p. 54). In higher dimensions the literature on algebraic geometry contains many inequivalent definitions of ordinary singular points. | Ordinary singularity | 0.796409 |
97,079 | Chromatic graph theory is the theory of graph coloring. The chromatic number χ(G) is the minimum number of colors needed in a proper coloring of G. χ ′(G) is the chromatic index of G, the minimum number of colors needed in a proper edge coloring of G. choosable choosability A graph is k-choosable if it has a list color... | Spanning subgraph | 0.796408 |
97,080 | During his mandate, DESY, a national laboratory became as far as science was concerned an international particle physics laboratory. This included the start of the first collaboration with China. | Herwig Schopper | 0.796408 |
97,081 | While a child, Nakamura's family moved from Osaka to Hinode, Tokyo, where he would gain his early education. He obtained his Bachelor of Science (1990), Master of Science (1992), and Ph.D. (2011) degrees at the University of Tokyo. In 1999, as a researcher at NEC, Nakamura and collaborators Yuri Pashkin and Jaw-Shen Ts... | Yasunobu Nakamura | 0.796408 |
97,082 | The women were given notebooks to record the onset of each of their cycles and they collected data for over a year for most of the women.Following the statistical critiques of Schank, they argued that circular statistics were required to analyze periodic data for the existence of synchrony. However, menstrual cycles ar... | Menstrual synchrony | 0.796408 |
97,083 | Early academic interests of Vladimir Burkov were connected with applied problems of combinatorial optimization; in the 1960s he contributed to the boom of project scheduling and network planning, proposed novel models of resource allocation in organizations and in technical systems, solved several extremal graph proble... | Vladimir Burkov | 0.796408 |
97,084 | In 1987, Steven Weinberg proposed that the observed value of the cosmological constant was so small because it is impossible for life to occur in a universe with a much larger cosmological constant.Weinberg attempted to predict the magnitude of the cosmological constant based on probabilistic arguments. Other attempts ... | KKLT mechanism | 0.796407 |
97,085 | In the same reference, similarly convergence is guaranteed for other modifications of Backtracking line search (such as Unbounded backtracking gradient descent mentioned in the section "Upper bound for learning rates"), and even if the function has uncountably many critical points still one can deduce some non-trivial ... | Backtracking line search | 0.796407 |
97,086 | He made significant contributions to theoretical physics, including achievements in quantum mechanics and nuclear physics such as the Born–Oppenheimer approximation for molecular wave functions, work on the theory of electrons and positrons, the Oppenheimer–Phillips process in nuclear fusion, and early work on quantum ... | J. Robert Oppenheimer | 0.796407 |
97,087 | Mass can be represented as density times volume, and under most conditions, water can be considered incompressible (density does not depend on pressure). The mass fluxes across the boundaries then become volume fluxes (as are found in Darcy's law). Using Taylor series to represent the in and out flux terms across the b... | Groundwater flow equation | 0.796407 |
97,088 | The South African Institute of Electrical Engineers (SAIEE) is a professional association representing electrical and electronic engineers, technologists and technicians in Southern Africa. The organisation is listed as a recognised Voluntary Association by the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), the statutory ... | South African Institute of Electrical Engineers | 0.796407 |
97,089 | This was the first freeWAIS based on the wais-8-b5 codebase of TMC, with a wholly new software suite Isite based upon Z39.50:1992 using Isearch as its full-text search engine. Ulrich Pfeifer and Norbert Gövert of the computer science department of the University of Dortmund extended the CNIDR freeWAIS code to become fr... | Wide area information server | 0.796406 |
97,090 | In geometry, a hypersurface is a generalization of the concepts of hyperplane, plane curve, and surface. A hypersurface is a manifold or an algebraic variety of dimension n − 1, which is embedded in an ambient space of dimension n, generally a Euclidean space, an affine space or a projective space. Hypersurfaces share,... | Complex hypersurface | 0.796406 |
97,091 | Brunel Institute of Computational Mathematics, in Uxbridge, UK Central Economic Mathematical Institute, at the Russian Academy of Sciences Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, at the Autonomous University of Barcelona Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, at Science Park, Amsterdam CoMPLEX, at University College London Fachinformat... | Institute of Mathematics | 0.796406 |
97,092 | Theoretical and computational neuroscience is the field concerned with the analysis and computational modeling of biological neural systems. Since neural systems are intimately related to cognitive processes and behaviour, the field is closely related to cognitive and behavioural modeling. The aim of the field is to cr... | Neural networks | 0.796406 |
97,093 | Nano Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. It was established in January 2001. The editor-in-chief is Teri W. Odom (Northwestern University). The journal covers all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology and their subdisciplines. | Nano Letters | 0.796405 |
97,094 | After graduating high school and working for awhile, Spilker began attending college at the College of Marin, a community college in Kentfield, California, primarily for financial reasons. Upon receiving scholarship aid from Stanford University and Hewlett-Packard, he was able to transfer to Stanford, which he attended... | James Spilker | 0.796405 |
97,095 | The Co-O bond lengths are about 190 pm long. The O-Co-O angles for the two oxygens in the same nitrate is about 68 degrees. The same geometry seems to persist in carbon tetrachloride solution. | Cobalt(III) nitrate | 0.796405 |
97,096 | Charles Herbert DePuy (September 10, 1927 – March 14, 2013) was an American chemist known for his work in gas phase organic ion chemistry. | Charles H. DePuy (chemist) | 0.796405 |
97,097 | Non-subclassable classes allow programmers to design classes and hierarchies of classes where at some level in the hierarchy, further derivation is prohibited (a stand-alone class may be also designated as non-subclassable, preventing the formation of any hierarchy). Contrast this to abstract classes, which imply, enco... | Partial classes | 0.796405 |
97,098 | . , + L } {\displaystyle w_{ij}\in \left\{-L,...,0,...,+L\right\}} Output value of each hidden neuron is calculated as a sum of all multiplications of input neurons and these weights: σ i = sgn ( ∑ j = 1 N w i j x i j ) {\displaystyle \sigma _{i}=\operatorname {sgn}(\sum _{j=1}^{N}w_{ij}x_{ij})} Signum is a simple fu... | Neural cryptography | 0.796405 |
97,099 | ITS (Indian Telecommunication Service) is an organized Group-A service for which recruitment is conducted through competitive examination called Engineering Service Examination (ESE) which is a three-stage competitive examination (preliminary, main and personality tests) and is conducted by the UPSC every year. Officer... | Indian Telecommunication Service | 0.796404 |
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