id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
97,500 | In chemistry, the bromine number is the amount of bromine (Br2) in grams absorbed by 100 g of a sample. The bromine number was once used as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in gasoline and related petroleum samples, but this assay has fallen into disuse with the introduction of spectroscopic and chromatographic anal... | Bromine number | 0.796323 |
97,501 | The 2010 research concluded that "Robotic follow up" is possible for future missions on the Moon or Mars by simulating a test mission, although remotely controlled from nearby. The 2013 experiment was a 100 minute real-time teleoperation of a K10 rover from the ISS, commandeered by astronaut Luca Parmitano. Considered ... | K-10 robot | 0.796323 |
97,502 | Karl Ziegler showed an eagerness for science at an early age. He progressed through schooling quickly receiving a doctorate from the University of Marburg in 1920. Soon after, he briefly lectured at the University of Marburg and the University of Frankfurt. In 1926 he became a professor at the University of Heidelberg ... | Karl Ziegler | 0.796323 |
97,503 | Then D can be viewed as a subset of R2 (that is, the set of all pairs (x, y) with x, y belonging to the extended real number line R = , endowed with the product topology), which will contain the points at which the function f has a limit. In fact, f has a limit at all accumulation points of D, except for (0, 0), (+∞, 0... | Imaginary exponent | 0.796322 |
97,504 | This is the major reason that eyes dry out and become fatigued when reading. When the eyes dry out or become fatigued due to reading on a computer screen, it can be an indication of computer vision syndrome. Computer vision syndrome can be prevented by taking regular breaks, focusing on objects far from the screen, hav... | Blinking rate | 0.796322 |
97,505 | Further improvements in the levelised cost of energy for solar, wind and other technologies lie ahead, posing a growing threat to the dominance of fossil fuel generation sources in the next few years. Hydro-electricity and geothermal electricity produced at favourable sites are now the cheapest way to generate electric... | Renewable energy commercialization | 0.796322 |
97,506 | Campbell's theorem, named after John Edward Campbell, also known as Campbell’s embedding theorem and the Campbell-Magaard theorem, is a mathematical theorem guaranteeing that any n-dimensional Riemannian manifold can be locally embedded in an (n + 1)-dimensional Ricci-flat Riemannian manifold. | Campbell's theorem (geometry) | 0.796322 |
97,507 | He was a fellow of Trinity College from 1964 until his death.His interests were in number theory, transcendence, linear forms in logarithms, effective methods, Diophantine geometry and Diophantine analysis. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He has also been made a foreign fellow of the Na... | Alan Baker (mathematician) | 0.796321 |
97,508 | The basic idea of Chomsky's work is to divide language into four levels, or the language hierarchy. The four levels are: regular, context-free, context-sensitive, and computably enumerable or unrestricted. Regular is the least complex while computably enumerable is the most complex. While his work grew out of combinato... | Word combinatorics | 0.796321 |
97,509 | Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to provide insight about specific physics problems. Quantum simulators may be contrasted with generally programmable "digital" quantum computers, which would be capable of... | Universal quantum simulator | 0.796321 |
97,510 | However Prof. Duncan, the department head, advised Cook that as he'd had serious difficulty with some important mathematical physics courses, it was recommended that he leave with the MS and not come back. Graduated in 1947 at age 29. | John Call Cook | 0.796321 |
97,511 | The theory has applications to both ordinary and partial differential equations.A general solution approach uses the symmetry property of differential equations, the continuous infinitesimal transformations of solutions to solutions (Lie theory). Continuous group theory, Lie algebras, and differential geometry are used... | Inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation | 0.796321 |
97,512 | In structural and cell biology, the focal adhesion targeting domain is a conserved protein domain that was first identified in focal adhesion kinase (FAK), also known as PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2).Focal adhesions are multi-protein intracellular signalling complexes that link the cellular actin microfilament ... | Focal adhesion targeting region | 0.79632 |
97,513 | For a system with m lines this constraint is modeled as: F l ( I 1 , I 2 , … , I n − 1 ) ≤ F l m a x l = 1 , … , m {\displaystyle F_{l}(I_{1},I_{2},\dots ,I_{n-1})\leq F_{l}^{max}\qquad l=1,\dots ,m} where Fl is the flow on branch l, and Flmax is the maximum value that this flow is allowed to take. Note that the net in... | Merit order | 0.79632 |
97,514 | The Adrien Albert award recognises the enormous contributions made by Prof. Adrien Albert to medicinal chemistry. It is the premier award of the Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Division and is given for sustained, outstanding research in the field of medicinal or agricultural chemistry or chemical biology. The... | Royal Australian Chemical Institute | 0.79632 |
97,515 | As for a single matrix, over the complex numbers these can be triangularized by unitary matrices. The fact that commuting matrices have a common eigenvector can be interpreted as a result of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz: commuting matrices form a commutative algebra K {\displaystyle K} over K {\displaystyle K} which can... | Triangular matrix | 0.796319 |
97,516 | How do large scale structures form? What is the connection between these processes?To address these science questions, IXO would have traced orbits close to the event horizon of black holes, measure black hole spin for several hundred active galactic nucleus (AGN), use spectroscopy to characterize outflows and the envi... | International X-ray Observatory | 0.796319 |
97,517 | The Lester circle is the circle which passes through the circumcenter, the nine-point center and the outer and inner Fermat points. A generalised Lester circle is a circle which passes through at least four triangle centers. Discoverer has discovered several generalized Lester circles.Sava Grozdev, Hiroshi Okumura, Dek... | Modern triangle geometry | 0.796319 |
97,518 | In graph theory, Schnyder's theorem is a characterization of planar graphs in terms of the order dimension of their incidence posets. It is named after Walter Schnyder, who published its proof in 1989. The incidence poset P(G) of an undirected graph G with vertex set V and edge set E is the partially ordered set of hei... | Schnyder's theorem | 0.796319 |
97,519 | At the other extreme, the neighborhood filter N ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x)} is the smallest (that is, coarsest) filter on X {\displaystyle X} that converges to x ; {\displaystyle x;} that is, any filter converging to x {\displaystyle x} must contain N ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x)} as a subset. Sai... | Convergent filter | 0.796317 |
97,520 | Although the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class in 1906, he had not given up on academia. In 1908, he became a Privatdozent at the University of Bern. In "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" ("The Development of our Views on the Co... | Albert Einstein | 0.796317 |
97,521 | They suggested that Fine's book presents an oversimplified and seriously distorted characterization of neuroscience as applied to the study of sex differences. They expressed disappointment that Fine's book "...can be vexing in the ways the scientific study of sex differences in brain and behavior is portrayed and (how... | Delusions of Gender | 0.796317 |
97,522 | One of the foundational examples of a differential graded algebra, widely used in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, is the Koszul complex. This is because of its wide array of applications, including constructing flat resolutions of complete intersections, and from a derived perspective, they give the derived... | Graded derivation | 0.796317 |
97,523 | In 1935 he discovered the metachromasy of bacteria – the so-called "Chizhevskii-Velkhover effect" – enabling solar emissions that were hazardous to man both on Earth and in space, to be forecast. He was head of two aero-ionisation laboratories. In 1939 he was the Honorary President of the International Congress of Bio-... | Alexander Chizhevsky | 0.796317 |
97,524 | X is complete if and only if every bounded set that is closed in the order topology is compact.A totally ordered set (with its order topology) which is a complete lattice is compact. Examples are the closed intervals of real numbers, e.g. the unit interval , and the affinely extended real number system (extended real n... | Finite total order | 0.796317 |
97,525 | Fuhrer was educated at the University of Texas at Austin gaining a bachelor's degree in Physics 1990, and at the University of California, Berkeley, gaining a PhD in Physics in 1998, under the supervision of Alex Zettl. | Michael Fuhrer | 0.796317 |
97,526 | Roger Perlmutter, who had worked in Hood's lab at Caltech before moving to UW as chair of the immunology department, played a key role organizing his recruitment to UW. Hood and other scientists from Caltech's NSF center moved to the University of Washington during 1992-1994, where they received renewed support from th... | Leroy Hood | 0.796316 |
97,527 | So both types of operators act on X. The defining relations for the structure group show that it is a closed subgroup of g 0 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{0}} of GL(A). Since Q(ea) = e2L(a), the corresponding complex Lie algebra contains the operators L(a). The commutators span the complex Lie algebra of derivations... | Mutation (Jordan algebra) | 0.796316 |
97,528 | The MSS is composed of three components: the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), known as Canadarm2. the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS). the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM, also known as "Dextre" or "Canada hand").The system can move along rails on the Integrated Truss Structure on t... | Mobile Base System | 0.796316 |
97,529 | now maintains that the Article I of the BWC (which explicitly bans bio-weapons), does not apply to "non-lethal" biological agents. Previous interpretation was stated to be in line with a definition laid out in Public Law 101-298, the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989. That law defined a biological agent as:... | United States biological defense program | 0.796316 |
97,530 | At the time of Franz Lisp's creation, the Macsyma computer algebra system ran mainly on a DEC PDP-10. This computer's limited address space caused difficulties. Attempted remedies included ports of Maclisp to Multics or Lisp machines, but even if successful, these would only be solutions for the Massachusetts Institute... | Franz Lisp | 0.796316 |
97,531 | The typical cost function during technology-independent optimizations is total literal count of the factored representation of the logic function (which correlates quite well with circuit area). Finally, technology-dependent optimization transforms the technology-independent circuit into a network of gates in a given t... | Hardware compilation | 0.796316 |
97,532 | : xvi He also worked in a placement at M. W. Kellogg Company, helping to design petroleum refining plants in the summer of 1939.: xvi He received an Sc.D. in chemical engineering from MIT in 1941.On July 14, 1940, Ralph Landau married Claire Sackler. They have a daughter, Laurie J. Landeau . | Ralph Landau | 0.796316 |
97,533 | With the introduction of genetics, eugenics became associated with genetic determinism, the belief that human character is entirely or in the majority caused by genes, unaffected by education or living conditions. Many of the early geneticists were not Darwinians, and evolution theory was not needed for eugenics polici... | Eugenics | 0.796316 |
97,534 | A hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) is type of cold cathode lamp used in physics and chemistry as a spectral line source (e.g. for atomic absorption spectrometers) and as a frequency tuner for light sources such as lasers. An HCL takes advantage of the hollow cathode effect, which causes conduction at a lower voltage and with ... | Hollow cathode lamp | 0.796316 |
97,535 | More than 100 engineers joined the project and it took more than 6 months with the latest industrial technologies. However, even then it was not possible to make exact copies of some parts, such as the brass metal plate used as its spring, before the presentation at Expo 2005. The original clock is displayed at the Nat... | Myriad year clock | 0.796316 |
97,536 | Colin de Verdière (1990) conjectured that any graph with Colin de Verdière invariant μ may be colored with at most μ + 1 colors. For instance, the linear forests have invariant 1, and can be 2-colored; the outerplanar graphs have invariant two, and can be 3-colored; the planar graphs have invariant 3, and (by the four ... | Colin de Verdière graph invariant | 0.796315 |
97,537 | The (arithmetic, or field) norm of a Hurwitz quaternion a + bi + cj + dk, given by a2 + b2 + c2 + d2, is always an integer. By a theorem of Lagrange every nonnegative integer can be written as a sum of at most four squares. Thus, every nonnegative integer is the norm of some Lipschitz (or Hurwitz) quaternion. More prec... | Hurwitz integral quaternion | 0.796315 |
97,538 | In mathematics, a topological algebra A {\displaystyle A} is an algebra and at the same time a topological space, where the algebraic and the topological structures are coherent in a specified sense. | Stereotype algebra | 0.796314 |
97,539 | The mycelial growth pattern, extent of biomass accumulation, and the presence or absence of rhizomorphs are used to classify fungi by exploration type. Agerer first proposed the designation of exploration types in 2001, and the concept has since been widely employed in studies of ectomycorrhizal ecology. Four explorati... | Extraradical hyphae | 0.796314 |
97,540 | The firm described FSD Chip as a "neural network accelerator" custom-designed for Tesla AI processing. Each of the two neural network arrays on a single FSD Chip are capable of 36 trillion operations per second, and there are two FSD Chips for redundancy.Each of the eight cameras supplied with HW3 use the same AR0136A ... | Tesla Autopilot | 0.796314 |
97,541 | This functionality has been used to create a Microsoft Excel Add-in to create workbooks from IWFM output files. The IWFM land surface process has been compiled into a stand-alone program called the IWFM Demand Calculator (IDC). The groundwater process is linked to the Water Resource Integrated Modeling System (WRIMS) m... | Integrated Water Flow Model | 0.796313 |
97,542 | (LINK) "Geometric Versions of Some Algebraic Identities. ", Ann. N. Y. Acad. | Howard Levi | 0.796313 |
97,543 | The Journal welcomes original articles of general and/or global interest to readers in the veterinary medicine and related fields. The JVS covers scientific and technological aspects of major veterinary medical sciences such as veterinary biomedical sciences, veterinary pathobiology and preventive medicine, veterinary ... | Journal of Veterinary Science | 0.796312 |
97,544 | The major advantage of fluorospheres is that the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength are not the same, so dichroic filter can be used to give a cleaner signal. The disadvantage of the fluorospheres is photobleaching. All of the bead types and diameters (with the biochemistry marker, look at the tether ass... | Tethered particle motion | 0.796312 |
97,545 | The 2.2-metre telescope has been in operation at La Silla since early 1984, and is on indefinite loan to ESO from the Max Planck Society (German: Max Planck Gesellschaft or MPG). Telescope time is shared between MPG and ESO observing programmes, while the operation and maintenance of the telescope are ESO's responsibil... | La Silla Observatory | 0.796312 |
97,546 | New courses of study were established at the university: Computer systems and technologies Robotics and mechatronics Renewables Ecology and environmental protection Telecommunications and mobile technologiesIn 2002, MEI-Varna celebrated its 40th anniversary. A Meet-Marind congress was held, and participants from 27 cou... | Faculty of Shipbuilding, Technical University of Varna | 0.796312 |
97,547 | Other species of Polaribacter attach to substrates in search of protein polymers.In the context of climate change, algal blooms are becoming increasingly prevalent. Members of the genus Polaribacter decompose algal cells and thus may be important in biogeochemical cycling, as well as influence seawater chemistry and th... | Polaribacter | 0.796312 |
97,548 | This article describes the generation of a net of triangles. In literature there are contributions which deal with the optimization of a given net. Surface triangulations are important for visualizing surfaces and the application of finite element methods.The triangulation of a parametrically defined surface is simply ... | Surface triangulation | 0.796312 |
97,549 | In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, ... | Nitroaromatic compound | 0.796312 |
97,550 | The RACI is a member of the Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies (FASTS), and the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS).It has branches in all states and territories in Australia and divisions for the following areas of chemistry: Analytical and Environmental chemistry Carbon science ... | Royal Australian Chemical Institute | 0.796312 |
97,551 | If C {\displaystyle C} is a category, and F: C → C {\displaystyle F:C\rightarrow C} is an endofunctor of C {\displaystyle C} , then an F {\displaystyle F} -algebra is a tuple ( A , α ) {\displaystyle (A,\alpha )} , where A {\displaystyle A} is an object of C {\displaystyle C} and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a C {\disp... | F-algebra | 0.796311 |
97,552 | Minimal mappings are the result of an advanced technique of semantic matching, a technique used in computer science to identify information which is semantically related.Semantic matching has been proposed as a valid solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem, namely, supporting diversity in knowledge. Given any tw... | Minimal mappings | 0.796311 |
97,553 | In 1999, CARS microscopy using a collinear geometry and high numerical aperture objective were developed in Xiaoliang Sunney Xie's lab at Harvard University. This advancement made the technique more compatible with modern laser scanning microscopes. Since then, CRS's popularity in biomedical research started to grow. | Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy | 0.796311 |
97,554 | If the line graphs of two connected graphs are isomorphic, then the underlying graphs are isomorphic, except in the case of the triangle graph K3 and the claw K1,3, which have isomorphic line graphs but are not themselves isomorphic.As well as K3 and K1,3, there are some other exceptional small graphs with the property... | Whitney graph isomorphism theorem | 0.796311 |
97,555 | {\displaystyle C_{e_{k}}=C_{e_{k-1}}-C_{e_{k-1}}A^{T}(AC_{e_{k-1}}A^{T}+C_{Z})^{-1}AC_{e_{k-1}}.} From the point of view of linear algebra, for sequential estimation, if we have an estimate x ^ 1 {\displaystyle {\hat {x}}_{1}} based on measurements generating space Y 1 {\displaystyle Y_{1}} , then after receiving anoth... | Minimum mean square error | 0.796311 |
97,556 | He is the main author of the PQS computational chemistry program. His work was cited in the official background material for the 1998 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Among many honors, he was made a Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1993. He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular S... | Peter Pulay | 0.796311 |
97,557 | Gregory Bateson, in "Form, Substance and Difference", from Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972), argued the essential impossibility of knowing what any actual territory is. Any understanding of any territory is based on one or more sensory channels reporting adequately but imperfectly: We say the map is different from th... | Map–territory relation | 0.79631 |
97,558 | Via such nanotechnology, it is potentially possible for the Culture (or similarly advanced societies) to see everything happening on a given planet, orbital or any other habitat. The usage of such devices is limited by various treaties and agreements among the Involved. In addition, EDust assassins are potent Culture t... | Zetetic Elench | 0.79631 |
97,559 | The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced – rhymes with "oink") is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing (a type of distributed computing). Developed originally to support SETI@home, it became the platform for many other applications in areas as diverse as medicine, mo... | Amicable Numbers project | 0.79631 |
97,560 | & Seidelmann, P. K. TIME from Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009). Nautical Almanac Office and HM Nautical Almanac Office. | Newcomb's Tables of the Sun | 0.79631 |
97,561 | Nanotechnology has also been harnessed to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, improving wear and tear, and increasing the longevity of improvement. Nanostructured surfaces such as “nanoflowers” which are observed in natural systems are incorporated for their ability to natura... | Nokia Morph | 0.79631 |
97,562 | A Hilbertian variety V over K is one for which V(K) is not thin: this is a birational invariant of V. A Hilbertian field K is one for which there exists a Hilbertian variety of positive dimension over K: the term was introduced by Lang in 1962. If K is Hilbertian then the projective line over K is Hilbertian, so this m... | Thin set (Serre) | 0.79631 |
97,563 | In his 1988 book Mind Children, Moravec outlines Moore's law and predictions about the future of artificial life. Moravec outlines a timeline and a scenario in this regard, in that the robots will evolve into a new series of artificial species, starting around 2030–2040.Moravec also outlined the "neural substitution ar... | Hans Moravec | 0.79631 |
97,564 | Hipparchus could have constructed his chord table using the Pythagorean theorem and a theorem known to Archimedes. He also might have developed and used the theorem called Ptolemy's theorem; this was proved by Ptolemy in his Almagest (I.10) (and later extended by Carnot). Hipparchus was the first to show that the stere... | Hipparchus | 0.79631 |
97,565 | Inflection AI, Inc. is a machine learning startup founded by entrepreneurs Reid Hoffman, Mustafa Suleyman and Karén Simonyan in 2022. The company is structured as a public benefit corporation and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. | Inflection AI | 0.796309 |
97,566 | Grothendieck's proof of the theorem is based on proving the analogous theorem for finite fields and their algebraic closures. That is, for any field F that is itself finite or that is the closure of a finite field, if a polynomial P from Fn to itself is injective then it is bijective. If F is a finite field, then Fn is... | Ax–Grothendieck theorem | 0.796309 |
97,567 | None of these measures would prevent a party from creating a weaponized gray goo, were such a thing possible. King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) called upon the British Royal Society to investigate the "enormous environmental and social risks" of nanotechnology in a planned report, leading to much media commentary... | Gray Goo | 0.796309 |
97,568 | Sheaf Gluing axiom Descent (category theory) Grothendieck topology Introduction to topos theory Subobject classifier Pointless topology Heyting algebra | Outline of category theory | 0.796309 |
97,569 | Further reactions form benzene and other organic molecules, and their polymerization leads to the formation of an aerosol of heavier molecules, which then condense and precipitate on the planetary surface below.Tholins formed at low pressure tend to contain nitrogen atoms in the interior of their molecules, while tholi... | Tholin | 0.796309 |
97,570 | This is done with various differences in background, text, link colors, and/or placement on the page. However, a 2004 survey found that a majority of search engine users could not distinguish the two.Because so few ordinary users (38% according to Pew Research Center) realized that many of the highest placed "results" ... | Organic search results | 0.796309 |
97,571 | {\displaystyle 1\lor 2\lor 3\lor 4\iff I/2.} Under this mapping, it is clear that two states of knowledge in the toy theory correspond to two orthogonal states for the qubit if and only if they share no ontic states in common. This mapping also gives analogues in the toy model to quantum fidelity, compatibility, convex... | Spekkens toy model | 0.796309 |
97,572 | The set T {\displaystyle T} is called the index set or parameter set of the stochastic process. Often this set is some subset of the real line, such as the natural numbers or an interval, giving the set T {\displaystyle T} the interpretation of time. In addition to these sets, the index set T {\displaystyle T} can be a... | Stochastic model | 0.796309 |
97,573 | The spiral-shaped domain happens to be especially efficient for such an application due to the boundary behavior of modes of Dirichlet laplacian.The theorem about boundary behavior of the Dirichlet Laplacian if analogy of the property of rays in geometrical optics (Fig.1); the angular momentum of a ray (green) increase... | Dirichlet eigenvalue | 0.796308 |
97,574 | Future escalation can be forecast using econometrics. Unfortunately, because escalation (unlike inflation) may occur in a micro-market, and it may be hard to measure with surveys, indices can be difficult to find. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has a price index for construction wages and compensation (wha... | Cost escalation | 0.796308 |
97,575 | Flexibility and adaptability, represented in the Variable Geometry and Sliding Horizon mechanisms (below) are a way of proving to future governments that there is no intention of imposing a metropolitan plan upon them and that the plan is prepared for the dialogue of receiving their adaptations and revisions.Variable G... | Metropolitan Reticular Matrix Planning | 0.796308 |
97,576 | A key idea in the theory is to study a 3-manifold by considering special surfaces embedded in it. One can choose the surface to be nicely placed in the 3-manifold, which leads to the idea of an incompressible surface and the theory of Haken manifolds, or one can choose the complementary pieces to be as nice as possible... | 3-manifold | 0.796308 |
97,577 | The Chloroflexi-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure detected by bioinformatics within the species Chloroflexus aggregans. C. aggregans has three predicted Chloroflexi-1 RNAs, which are located nearby to one another. This arrangement might suggest a repetitive element. C. aggregans is classified as belonging to the... | Chloroflexi-1 RNA motif | 0.796308 |
97,578 | The note then offers a proof of the theorem. A more modern reference is Stone & Tukey (1942), which is the basis of the name "Stone–Tukey theorem". This paper proves the n-dimensional version of the theorem in a more general setting involving measures. The paper attributes the n = 3 case to Stanislaw Ulam, based on inf... | Stone–Tukey theorem | 0.796307 |
97,579 | In fluid flow around a body with a sharp corner, the Kutta condition refers to the flow pattern in which fluid approaches the corner from above and below, meets at the corner, and then flows away from the body. None of the fluid flows around the sharp corner. The Kutta condition is significant when using the Kutta–Jouk... | Kutta condition | 0.796307 |
97,580 | Nancy Jane Kopell (born November 8, 1942, New York City) is an American mathematician and professor at Boston University. She is co-director of the Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology (CompNet). She organized and directs the Cognitive Rhythms Collaborative (CRC). | Nancy Kopell | 0.796307 |
97,581 | Although some instances of errors in metabolism following Mendelian inheritance patterns were known earlier, beginning with the 1902 identification by Archibald Garrod of alkaptonuria as a Mendelian recessive trait, for the most part genetics could not be applied to metabolism through the late 1930s. Another of the exc... | One gene–one enzyme hypothesis | 0.796307 |
97,582 | Whole-brain emulation is discussed by some futurists as a "logical endpoint" of the topical computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics fields, both about brain simulation for medical research purposes. It is discussed in artificial intelligence research publications as an approach to strong AI (artificial general ... | Mind transfer | 0.796306 |
97,583 | In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, Sturm separation theorem, named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, describes the location of roots of solutions of homogeneous second order linear differential equations. Basically the theorem states that given two linear independent solutions of such ... | Sturm separation theorem | 0.796306 |
97,584 | Over a non-algebraically closed field, there exist non-splittable semisimple Lie algebras. In a splittable Lie algebra, there may exist Cartan subalgebras that are not splitting. Direct sums of splittable Lie algebras and ideals in splittable Lie algebras are splittable. | Split Lie algebra | 0.796306 |
97,585 | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalled tryptophan supplements in 1989 and banned most public sales in 1990, with other countries following suit.Subsequent studies suggested that EMS was linked to specific batches of L-tryptophan supplied by a single large Japanese manufacturer, Showa Denko. It eventually became cl... | Tryptophan | 0.796306 |
97,586 | Galois returned to mathematics after his expulsion from the École Normale, although he continued to spend time in political activities. After his expulsion became official in January 1831, he attempted to start a private class in advanced algebra which attracted some interest, but this waned, as it seemed that his poli... | Évariste Galois | 0.796306 |
97,587 | Furthermore, jelly‐C deposits tend not to build up at the seafloor over a long time, such as phytodetritus (Beaulieu, 2002), being consumed rapidly by demersal and benthic organisms or decomposed by microbes. The jelly‐C sinking rate is governed by organism size, diameter, biovolume, geometry, density, and drag coeffic... | Gelatinous zooplankton | 0.796306 |
97,588 | Members of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) family fall into four subfamilies, termed alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The proteins exhibit the same apparent topology, each with two transmembrane (TM)-spanning segments (TMS), separated by a large extracellular loop. In most ENaC proteins studied to date, the extracellula... | Epithelial sodium channel | 0.796306 |
97,589 | Mathematically, a token is an element t {\displaystyle t} in a finite (or countably infinite) set T {\displaystyle T} . Suppose we only need to process a finite corpus, then we can put all tokens appearing in the corpus into T {\displaystyle T} , meaning that T {\displaystyle T} is finite. However, suppose we want to p... | Feature hashing | 0.796306 |
97,590 | Sullivan and William Thurston generalized Lipman Bers' density conjecture from singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups to all finitely generated Kleinian groups in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The conjecture states that every finitely generated Kleinian group is an algebraic limit of geometrically finite Kleinian ... | Dennis Sullivan | 0.796306 |
97,591 | In 1774, Antoine Lavoisier used the reaction of water steam with metallic iron inside an incandescent iron tube to produce hydrogen in his experiments leading to the demonstration of the conservation of mass, which was instrumental in changing chemistry from a qualitative science to a quantitative one. | Ferrous compounds | 0.796305 |
97,592 | Adrian Bejan is a Romanian-American professor who has made contributions to modern thermodynamics and developed his constructal law. He is J. A. Jones Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke University and author of the books Design in Nature, The Physics of Life , Freedom and Evolution and Time And B... | Constructal theory | 0.796305 |
97,593 | Barnett spent most of the World War II years near Fleetwood in Lancashire. He attended Baines' Grammar School in Poulton-le-Fylde, then went to King's College, London in 1945, where he received a BSc in chemistry in 1948, a PhD for work in the theoretical physics department with Charles Coulson in 1952, that he continu... | Michael P. Barnett | 0.796305 |
97,594 | Fermi then studied in Leiden with Paul Ehrenfest from September to December 1924 on a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation obtained through the intercession of the mathematician Vito Volterra. Here Fermi met Hendrik Lorentz and Albert Einstein, and became friends with Samuel Goudsmit and Jan Tinbergen. From Janua... | Enrico Fermi | 0.796304 |
97,595 | In the theory of stochastic processes in probability theory and statistics, a nuisance variable is a random variable that is fundamental to the probabilistic model, but that is of no particular interest in itself or is no longer of any interest: one such usage arises for the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation. For example, a ... | Nuisance variable | 0.796304 |
97,596 | standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. Annealing (metallurgy) – in metallurgy and materials science, is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable. I... | Glossary of structural engineering | 0.796304 |
97,597 | Petroleum Engineering, like most forms of engineering, requires a strong foundation in physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Other fields pertinent to petroleum engineering include geology, formation evaluation, fluid flow in porous media, well drilling technology, economics, geostatistics, etc. | Petroleum engineering | 0.796303 |
97,598 | Preliminary pamphlets containing key results from the Minnesota Starvation Experiment were produced and used extensively by aid workers in Europe and Asia in the months after World War II. : 183–184 The full report of results from the Minnesota Starvation Experiment was published 5 years later, in 1950 in a two-volume,... | Minnesota Starvation Experiment | 0.796303 |
97,599 | In chemistry, a molecular knot is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture that is analogous to a macroscopic knot. Naturally-forming molecular knots are found in organic molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. It is not certain that naturally occurring knots are evolutionarily advantageous to nucleic acids or ... | Molecular knot | 0.796303 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.