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99,500 | Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem... | Renewable energy commercialisation | 0.795926 |
99,501 | The GABRA3 transcript undergoes pre-mRNA editing by the ADAR family of enzymes. A-to-I editing changes an isoleucine codon to code for a methionine residue. This editing is thought to be important for brain development, as the level of editing is low at birth and becomes almost 100% in an adult brain.The editing occurs... | GABRA3 | 0.795926 |
99,502 | Constraint modeling theories concern families of directed graphs related by a partial order. In these applications, graphs are ordered by specificity, meaning that more constrained graphs—which are more specific and thus contain a greater amount of information—are subsumed by those that are more general. Operations bet... | Graph Theory | 0.795926 |
99,503 | The analytic nature of graphons allows greater flexibility in attacking inequalities related to homomorphisms. For example, Sidorenko's conjecture is a major open problem in extremal graph theory, which asserts that for any graph G {\displaystyle G} on n {\displaystyle n} vertices with average degree p n {\displaystyle... | Graph limit | 0.795926 |
99,504 | Transferrin is a protein used to transport iron into the cells and is needed to aid the cancer cells in DNA replication. Transferrin acts as a growth factor for the cancerous cells and is dependent on iron. Cancer cells have much higher levels of transferrin receptors than normal cells and are very dependent on iron fo... | Lanthanide | 0.795925 |
99,505 | HDS systems use the physics of flowing water to remove a variety of pollutants and are characterized by an internal structure that either creates a swirling vortex or plunges the water into the main sump. : 1 Along with supplemental features to reduce velocity, an HDS system is designed to separate floatables (trash, d... | Hydrodynamic separator | 0.795925 |
99,506 | The Mediterranean Sea as being Gaia's kidney is found (here) by Kenneth J. Hsu, a correspondence author in 2001. Hsu suggests the "desiccation" of the Mediterranean is evidence of a functioning Gaia "kidney". In this and earlier suggested cases, it is plate movements and physics, not biology, which performs the regulat... | Gaia Hypothesis | 0.795925 |
99,507 | He worked mainly on photochemistry and was awarded the T. K. Sidey Medal by the Royal Society of New Zealand for his research in 1966. Towards the end of his career, he worked on calcium metabolism. == References == | Walter Metcalf (chemist) | 0.795924 |
99,508 | Model-based enterprise (MBE) is a term used in manufacturing, to describe a strategy where an annotated digital three-dimensional (3D) model of a product serves as the authoritative information source for all activities in that product's lifecycle.A key advantage of MBE is that it replaces digital drawings. In MBE, a s... | Model-based enterprise | 0.795924 |
99,509 | Gunn stopped working on semiconductor physics in 1972, and pursued a number of different interests in his role as IBM Fellow. He spent nearly three years developing an APL computer model of a computer-controlled car, which showed that fuel consumption could be halved. This was part of a joint effort with John Cocke, wh... | J. B. Gunn | 0.795924 |
99,510 | The term "function" was literally introduced by Gottfried Leibniz, in a 1673 letter, to describe a quantity related to points of a curve, such as a coordinate or curve's slope. Johann Bernoulli started calling expressions made of a single variable "functions." In 1698, he agreed with Leibniz that any quantity formed "i... | History of the function concept | 0.795923 |
99,511 | Lambda baryons are usually represented by the symbols Λ0, Λ+c, Λ0b, and Λ+t. In this notation, the superscript character indicates whether the particle is electrically neutral (0) or carries a positive charge (+). The subscript character, or its absence, indicates whether the third quark is a strange quark (Λ0) (no sub... | Lambda baryons | 0.795923 |
99,512 | The exact reaction mechanism of hydrogenases has been a matter of great debate. In 2009, a mechanism was proposed by Higuchi and coworkers based on X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic data of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F. During the catalytic process, the Fe ion in the active site does not change its oxidatio... | Nickel-iron hydrogenase | 0.795923 |
99,513 | She introduced the term polytope because she did not know Schläfli's term polyscheme. She produced three-dimensional central cross-sections of all the six regular polytopes by purely Euclidean constructions and synthetic methods for the simple reason that she had never learned any analytic geometry. She made cardboard ... | Alicia Boole Stott | 0.795923 |
99,514 | He is the author of 3 books and the author of co-author of over 100 research articles.Cohen developed in 1990, with Ingrid Daubechies and Jean-Christophe Feauveau, the first biorthogonal bases for wavelets; this research has an important application in the image compression standard JPEG-2000. With Wolfgang Dahmen and ... | Albert Cohen (mathematician) | 0.795923 |
99,515 | An intact death pathway is required for successful embryonic development and the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis has proven to be tightly interwoven with other essential cell pathways. The identification of critical control points in the cell death pathway has yielded fundamental insights for basic ... | VDAC2 | 0.795922 |
99,516 | Findings from research on biological motion has shown that humans are highly sensitive to biological motions of actions and those observations has developed into studies on different possible factors in the perception and understanding of the biological motions of bodily actions. Through studies with point-light displa... | Biological motion | 0.795922 |
99,517 | It is governed by the taste of Berge and might well be subtitled ‘seduction into graph theory’ (to use the words of Gian-Carlo Rota from the preface to the English translation of Berge's book). Among the main topics in this book are factorization, matchings, and alternating paths. Here Berge relies on the fundamental p... | Claude Berge | 0.795922 |
99,518 | The Steiner inellipse of a triangle can be generalized to n-gons: some n-gons have an interior ellipse that is tangent to each side at the side's midpoint. Marden's theorem still applies: the foci of the Steiner inellipse are zeroes of the derivative of the polynomial whose zeroes are the vertices of the n-gon. == Refe... | Steiner inellipse | 0.795922 |
99,519 | Open Babel and JOELib were derived from the OELib cheminformatics library. In turn, OELib was based on ideas in the original chemistry program Babel and an unreleased object-oriented programming library called OBabel. | Open Babel | 0.795922 |
99,520 | The extent to which the theoretical frameworks drew on the managerial and social sciences in addition to data science was an additional motivator for unifying decision intelligence into a field of study that is distinct from data science.Modern decision intelligence is highly interdisciplinary and academically inclusiv... | Decision intelligence | 0.795922 |
99,521 | During the early 19th century, chemical research by John Dalton and Amedeo Avogadro lent weight to the atomic theory of matter, an idea that James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann and others built upon to establish the kinetic theory of gases. The successes of kinetic theory gave further credence to the idea that matter... | Modern quantum theory | 0.795922 |
99,522 | Arthur Eddington was senior wrangler in 1904, and Herman had four other students in the ranks of the top ten wranglers. J. E. Littlewood (1905) and Arunachala Tyaga Rajan (1906) were senior wranglers, E. H. Neville came second in 1909, and many other students of Herman made it into the top ranks of wranglers before the... | Robert Alfred Herman | 0.795921 |
99,523 | For example, in the case of infinitesimal rotations, the Lie algebra structure is that provided by the cross product, once a skew-symmetric matrix has been identified with a 3-vector. This amounts to choosing an axis vector for the rotations; the defining Jacobi identity is a well-known property of cross products. The ... | Infinitesimal transformation | 0.795921 |
99,524 | This means that there is far more radiation in HEO. As a result, spacecraft in HEO require specialized equipment and shielding to protect them from radiation. As a result, only satellites that require the unique characteristics of HEO use this orbit. The development of HEO technology has had a significant impact on spa... | High Earth orbit | 0.795921 |
99,525 | Varicose veins for example can now be treated by local anesthetic endovenous surgery. Rates of CVI are higher in women than in men. Other risk factors include genetics, smoking, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged standing. | Chronic venous insufficiency | 0.795921 |
99,526 | The Redfield ratio of the world's oceans is one very famous application of stoichiometric principles to ecology. Ecological stoichiometry also considers phenomena at the sub-cellular level, such as the P-content of a ribosome, as well as phenomena at the whole biosphere level, such as the oxygen content of Earth's atmo... | Ecological stoichiometry | 0.795921 |
99,527 | The Journal of Geophysics and Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and developments in geophysics and related areas of engineering. Although the journal has a predominantly applied science and engineering focus, it also publishes contributions in all Earth-physics disciplines from global ... | Journal of Geophysics and Engineering | 0.795921 |
99,528 | Search results can be narrowed by file type, ownership, visibility, and the open-with app. Users can search for images by describing or naming what is in them. For example, a search for "mountain" returns all the photos of mountains, as well as any text documents about mountains. Text in images and PDFs can be extracte... | Google Drive | 0.79592 |
99,529 | A specification of the automaton should also include the intended mode of acceptance. Taken over all pushdown automata both acceptance conditions define the same family of languages. Theorem. For each pushdown automaton M {\displaystyle M} one may construct a pushdown automaton M ′ {\displaystyle M'} such that L ( M ) ... | Push-down automaton | 0.79592 |
99,530 | The PoDFA method provides information on the composition and concentration of the inclusions in molten aluminum. PoDFA is widely used for process characterization and optimization, as well as product improvement. It allows to quickly and accurately assess the effects of various operating practices on metal cleanliness ... | Aluminium alloy inclusions | 0.79592 |
99,531 | 59–65 Algebraic K-theory and functional analysis, ECM Paris 1992, Birkhäuser, Progress in Mathematics, 1994 Suslin, Andrei A.; Wodzicki, Mariusz (1992). "Excision in algebraic K-theory". Annals of Mathematics. | Mariusz Wodzicki | 0.79592 |
99,532 | The difference polynomial ring K { y } = K { y 1 , … , y n } {\displaystyle K\{y\}=K\{y_{1},\ldots ,y_{n}\}} over a difference field K {\displaystyle K} in the (difference) variables y 1 , … , y n {\displaystyle y_{1},\ldots ,y_{n}} is the polynomial ring over K {\displaystyle K} in the infinitely many variables σ i ( ... | Difference algebra | 0.79592 |
99,533 | (ed) Resistance to new technology - nuclear power, information technology, biotechnology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 97–124. Bauer, M (1995) Towards a functional analysis of resistance; in: Bauer, M. (ed) Resistance to new technology - nuclear power, information technology, biotechnology, Cambridge, Cambrid... | Martin Bauer | 0.79592 |
99,534 | Historically, Twinax was the cable specified for the IBM 5250 terminals and printers, used with IBM's System/34, System/36, System/38, and IBM AS/400 midrange hosts, and with IBM Power Systems machines running IBM i. The data transmission is half-duplex, balanced transmission, at 1 Mbit/s, on a single shielded, 110 Ω t... | Twinax cable | 0.79592 |
99,535 | Yet another field related to computer vision is signal processing. Many methods for processing of one-variable signals, typically temporal signals, can be extended in a natural way to the processing of two-variable signals or multi-variable signals in computer vision. However, because of the specific nature of images, ... | Computer vision systems | 0.795919 |
99,536 | The short laser pulses make it possible to measure chemical reactions that are too rapid to be captured by other methods. The wavelength of the X-ray laser may be varied from 0.05 to 4.7 nm, enabling measurements at the atomic length scale.Initially, one photon beamline with two experimental stations can be used. Later... | European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser | 0.795919 |
99,537 | Shanghai Xiaoi Robot Technology Co. Ltd or Xiao-i (Chinese: 小i机器人) is a Chinese artificial intelligence company founded in 2001 by Max Yuan and Pinpin Zhu. It develops AI technologies and industry applications specializing in data domain and Natural Language Processing.The company is headquartered in Shanghai and has b... | Xiao-i | 0.795919 |
99,538 | In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices. It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices ... | Matrix differentiation | 0.795919 |
99,539 | Tree transform operations in the syntax formula produce abstract syntax trees that the unparse rules operate on. The unparse tree pattern matching provided peephole optimization ability. CWIC, described in a 1970 ACM publication is a third generation Schorre metacompiler that added lexing rules and backtracking operato... | History of compiler construction | 0.795918 |
99,540 | T-duality is a particular example of a general notion of duality in physics. The term duality refers to a situation where two seemingly different physical systems turn out to be equivalent in a nontrivial way. If two theories are related by a duality, it means that one theory can be transformed in some way so that it e... | T-duality | 0.795917 |
99,541 | Philip Lee Wadler (born April 8, 1956) is a UK-based American computer scientist known for his contributions to programming language design and type theory. He is the chair of theoretical computer science at the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. He has... | Philip Wadler | 0.795917 |
99,542 | Properties of commercially available TPU include: high abrasion resistance low-temperature performance high shear strength high elasticity transparency oil and grease resistanceThe currently available TPUs can be divided mainly into two groups, based on soft segment chemistry: polyester-based TPUs (mainly derived from ... | Thermoplastic polyurethanes | 0.795917 |
99,543 | If the coefficients of the polynomials belong to an integral domain, then res ( A , B ) = a 0 e b 0 d ∏ 1 ≤ i ≤ d 1 ≤ j ≤ e ( λ i − μ j ) = a 0 e ∏ i = 1 d B ( λ i ) = ( − 1 ) d e b 0 d ∏ j = 1 e A ( μ j ) , {\displaystyle \operatorname {res} (A,B)=a_{0}^{e}b_{0}^{d}\prod _{\begin{array}{c}1\leq i\leq d\\1\leq j\leq ... | Polynomial resultant | 0.795917 |
99,544 | For an algebraically closed field k, much of the structure of an algebraic variety X over k is encoded in its set X(k) of k-rational points, which allows an elementary definition of a linear algebraic group. First, define a function from the abstract group GL(n,k) to k to be regular if it can be written as a polynomial... | Affine algebraic group | 0.795917 |
99,545 | Building on theories of defeasible reasoning (see John L. Pollock), systems have been built that define well-formedness of arguments, rules governing the process of introducing arguments based on fixed assumptions, and rules for shifting burden. : 615–675 Many of these logics appear in the special area of artificial in... | Logic and dialectic | 0.795917 |
99,546 | Some proofs that 0.999... = 1 rely on the Archimedean property of the real numbers: that there are no nonzero infinitesimals. Specifically, the difference 1 − 0.999... must be smaller than any positive rational number, so it must be an infinitesimal; but since the reals do not contain nonzero infinitesimals, the differ... | 0.999... | 0.795916 |
99,547 | Clara Cynthia Benson (1875–1964) was a Canadian chemist, the sole female founder of the American Society for Biological Chemistry (now the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)) and one of the first two women to earn a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto (U of T) (the other being philosophy s... | Clara Benson | 0.795916 |
99,548 | Xenocs is a company providing instruments, software and related services for x-ray characterization of materials, in particular Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). Xenocs products are typically used by universities, research institutes and corporate labs in projects focused on re... | Xenocs | 0.795915 |
99,549 | The improvement of standards and tools to monitor the state of cells at subcellular resolutions is lacking funding and employment. This is a problem because advances in other fields of science are beginning to analyze large cell populations, increasing the need for a device that can monitor cells at such a level of sig... | Bioelectronics | 0.795915 |
99,550 | A physical neural network or Neuromorphic computer is a type of artificial neural network in which an electrically adjustable material is used to emulate the function of a neural synapse. "Physical" neural network is used to emphasize the reliance on physical hardware used to emulate neurons as opposed to software-base... | Self-teaching computer | 0.795915 |
99,551 | Magnetic current imaging uses the magnetic fields produced by currents in electronic devices to obtain images of those currents. This is accomplished through the fundamental physics relationship between magnetic fields and current, the Biot-Savart Law: d B → = μ 0 4 π I d l → × r → r 3 . {\displaystyle d{\vec {B}}={\fr... | Scanning SQUID microscopy | 0.795915 |
99,552 | Sierpiński enrolled in the Department of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Warsaw in 1899 and graduated five years later. In 1903, while still at the University of Warsaw, the Department of Mathematics and Physics offered a prize for the best essay from a student on Voronoy's contribution to number theory. S... | Wacław Sierpiński | 0.795915 |
99,553 | Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest is a particle physics experiment which will use Drell–Yan process to measure the contributions of antiquarks to the structure of the proton or neutron and how this structure is modified when the proton or neutron is included within an atomic nucleus. | Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest | 0.795915 |
99,554 | In organic chemistry, an alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. The double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using the name "alkene" only for acyclic hydrocarbo... | Alkene oxidation | 0.795915 |
99,555 | Local meteoric water line can differ from the global meteoric water line in slope and intercept. Such deviated slope and intercept is a result largely from humidity. In 1964, the concept of deuterium excess d (d=δ2H - 8δ18O) was proposed. Later, a parameter of deuterium excess as a function of humidity has been establi... | Global meteoric water line | 0.795915 |
99,556 | However, constructive analysis provides several alternative formulations of IVT, all of which are equivalent to the usual form in classical analysis, but not in constructive analysis. For example, under the same conditions on f as in the classical theorem, given any natural number n (no matter how large), there exists ... | Constructive analysis | 0.795915 |
99,557 | The set of polynomials in X 1 , … , X n , {\displaystyle X_{1},\dots ,X_{n},} denoted K , {\displaystyle K,} is thus a vector space (or a free module, if K is a ring) that has the monomials as a basis. K {\displaystyle K} is naturally equipped (see below) with a multiplication that makes a ring, and an associative al... | Polynomial ring | 0.795915 |
99,558 | Kevin H. Knuth is an associate professor of physics at the University at Albany (SUNY). Knuth conducts research in information physics, foundations of quantum mechanics, and Bayesian analysis with applications towards various problems in physics. He also conducts research into UFOs. | Kevin Knuth | 0.795914 |
99,559 | Polar Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the biology of the polar regions. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.711. | Polar Biology | 0.795914 |
99,560 | Equivalently again, both sheets of the focal surface degenerate to conics. It follows that any Dupin cyclide is a channel surface (i.e., the envelope of a one-parameter family of spheres) in two different ways, and this gives another characterization. The definition in terms of spheres shows that the class of Dupin cyc... | Dupin cyclide | 0.795914 |
99,561 | Simon Bernhard Kochen (; born 14 August 1934) is a Canadian mathematician, working in the fields of model theory, number theory and quantum mechanics. | Simon B. Kochen | 0.795914 |
99,562 | The immunochemistry of Triticeae glutens is important in several inflammatory diseases. It can be subdivided into innate responses (direct stimulation of immune system), class II mediated presentation (HLA DQ), class I mediated stimulation of killer cells, and antibody recognition. The responses to gluten proteins and ... | Gluten immunochemistry | 0.795914 |
99,563 | Earlier studies on autism regarding theory of mind and empathy had concluded that a lack of theory of mind was one of the primary symptoms of autism. The most popular of these studies were those led by Simon Baron-Cohen in the 1980s and 1990s, who used the term "mind-blindness" to describe his theory in an attempt to e... | Double empathy problem | 0.795914 |
99,564 | Demand and supply relations in a market can be statistically estimated from price, quantity, and other data with sufficient information in the model. This can be done with simultaneous-equation methods of estimation in econometrics. Such methods allow solving for the model-relevant "structural coefficients," the estima... | Supply and Demand | 0.795913 |
99,565 | A machine shop can be a capital intensive business, because the purchase of equipment can require large investments. A machine shop can also be labour-intensive, especially if it is specialized in repairing machinery on a job production basis, but production machining (both batch production and mass production) is much... | Machine Shop | 0.795913 |
99,566 | Classical Newtonian physics was the state of the art in science when Adam Smith was formulating the first principles of economics in the 18th century. According to the ecological model, it is more appropriate to model the economy on biology (growth, change, death, evolution, survival of the fittest, complex inter-relat... | Ecological model of competition | 0.795913 |
99,567 | A database server is a server which uses a database application that provides database services to other computer programs or to computers, as defined by the client–server model. Database management systems (DBMSs) frequently provide database-server functionality, and some database management systems (such as MySQL) re... | Database server | 0.795913 |
99,568 | In the early 1960s, Feynman acceded to a request to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates at the California Institute of Technology, also called Caltech. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that later became The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Accounts vary about how successful the... | Richard Feynman | 0.795913 |
99,569 | Action semantics is a framework for the formal specification of semantics of programming languages invented by David Watt and Peter D. Mosses in the 1990s. It is a mixture of denotational, operational and algebraic semantics. Action Semantics aims to be pragmatic. | Action semantics | 0.795913 |
99,570 | In theoretical computer science, the log-rank conjecture states that the deterministic communication complexity of a two-party Boolean function is polynomially related to the logarithm of the rank of its input matrix.Let D ( f ) {\displaystyle D(f)} denote the deterministic communication complexity of a function, and l... | Log-rank conjecture | 0.795913 |
99,571 | (1973). "A product form for projection operators". Physics Letters B. Elsevier BV. | Bülent Atalay | 0.795912 |
99,572 | Each u in S has norm one. Moreover, if u = eia and v = eib, then ||uv|| ≤ 1. Indeed, by the Cohn–Shirshov theorem the unital Jordan subalgebra of E generated by a and b is special. | Jordan frame (Jordan algebra) | 0.795912 |
99,573 | In chemistry, dynamic stereochemistry studies the effect of stereochemistry on the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. Stereochemistry is involved in: stereospecific reactions stereoselective or asymmetric reactions racemisation processes | Dynamic stereochemistry | 0.795912 |
99,574 | G.W.F. Drake (2006). Springer Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (2nd ed.). Springer. | Spherical tensor operator | 0.795912 |
99,575 | She was elected South African Research Chair in Biomedical Engineering & Innovation in 2016.She worked on several projects on health technology innovation at universities in Africa, including "Developing Innovation Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Programs" in Africa with the North-western University and Univer... | Tania Douglas | 0.795912 |
99,576 | In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 31 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside h... | Glycoside hydrolase family 31 | 0.795912 |
99,577 | (2004). Positivity in algebraic geometry, Vol. II. | Robert Lazarsfeld | 0.795912 |
99,578 | An archaeoastronomy debate was triggered by the 1963 publication of Stonehenge Decoded, by Gerald Hawkins an American astronomer. Hawkins claimed to observe numerous alignments, both lunar and solar. He argued that Stonehenge could have been used to predict eclipses. | Archaeoastronomy and Stonehenge | 0.795911 |
99,579 | Planck started a six-semester course of lectures on theoretical physics, "dry, somewhat impersonal" according to Lise Meitner, "using no notes, never making mistakes, never faltering; the best lecturer I ever heard" according to an English participant, James R. Partington, who continues: "There were always many standin... | Max Planck | 0.795911 |
99,580 | Weight was split into a "still weight" or pondus, which remained constant, and the actual gravity or gravitas, which changed as the object fell. The concept of gravitas was eventually replaced by Jean Buridan's impetus, a precursor to momentum.The rise of the Copernican view of the world led to the resurgence of the Pl... | Weight | 0.79591 |
99,581 | In linear algebra, a matrix unit is a matrix with only one nonzero entry with value 1. The matrix unit with a 1 in the ith row and jth column is denoted as E i j {\displaystyle E_{ij}} . For example, the 3 by 3 matrix unit with i = 1 and j = 2 is A vector unit is a standard unit vector. A single-entry matrix generalize... | Matrix unit | 0.79591 |
99,582 | Let γμ denote a set of four 4-dimensional gamma matrices, here called the Dirac matrices. The Dirac matrices satisfy where { , } is the anticommutator, I4 is a 4×4 unit matrix, and ημν is the spacetime metric with signature (+,−,−,−). This is the defining condition for a generating set of a Clifford algebra. Further ba... | Bispinor | 0.79591 |
99,583 | fppf stands for fidèlement plate de présentation finie, and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is faithfully flat and of finite presentation. fpqc stands for fidèlement plate et quasi-compacte, and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is fa... | Flat cohomology | 0.79591 |
99,584 | If f {\displaystyle f} is a power of a Dehn twist then M ( f ) {\displaystyle M(f)} has Nil geometry. Finally, if f {\displaystyle f} is an Anosov map then the resulting three-manifold has Sol geometry. These three cases exactly correspond to the three possibilities for the absolute value of the trace of the action of ... | Torus bundle | 0.79591 |
99,585 | E7 E7 the exceptional Lie algebra of rank 7 and dimension 133. E8 E8 the exceptional Lie algebra of rank 8 and dimension 248. eff Short for effective (field theory). EFT Effective field theory, a low-energy approximation to a theory. | Glossary of string theory | 0.79591 |
99,586 | In algebraic geometry and string theory, the phenomenon of wall-crossing describes the discontinuous change of a certain quantity, such as an integer geometric invariant, an index or a space of BPS state, across a codimension-one wall in a space of stability conditions, a so-called wall of marginal stability. | Wall-crossing | 0.79591 |
99,587 | Studies of the neuroscience of free will have also shown that the experiences that people report when they behave purposefully sometimes do not correspond to their actual behaviors or to the patterns of electrical activity recorded from their brains.Another approach applies specifically to the study of self-awareness, ... | States of consciousness | 0.795909 |
99,588 | The Histone Database Contains 254 sequences from histone H1, 383 from histone H2, 311 from histone H2B, 1043 from histone H3 and 198 from histone H4, altogether representing at least 857 species. ChromDB Contains 9,341 chromatin-associated proteins, including RNAi-associated proteins, for a broad range of organisms. CR... | Computational epigenetics | 0.795909 |
99,589 | In its earliest manifestations, molecular biology—the name was coined by Warren Weaver of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1938—was an idea of physical and chemical explanations of life, rather than a coherent discipline. Following the advent of the Mendelian-chromosome theory of heredity in the 1910s and the maturation o... | History of molecular biology | 0.795909 |
99,590 | However, the more complex the problems, the less useful current sustainability assessment tools seem to be for assessing across different domains: economics, ecology, politics and culture. For example, the Triple Bottom Line approach tends to take the economy as its primary point of focus with the domain of the environ... | Circles of Sustainability | 0.795909 |
99,591 | In statistics, a symmetric probability distribution is a probability distribution—an assignment of probabilities to possible occurrences—which is unchanged when its probability density function (for continuous probability distribution) or probability mass function (for discrete random variables) is reflected around a v... | Symmetric distribution | 0.795909 |
99,592 | Calculus textbooks based on infinitesimals include the classic Calculus Made Easy by Silvanus P. Thompson (bearing the motto "What one fool can do another can") and the German text Mathematik fur Mittlere Technische Fachschulen der Maschinenindustrie by R. Neuendorff. Pioneering works based on Abraham Robinson's infini... | Infinitesimal | 0.795908 |
99,593 | History of computing History of computing hardware from the tally stick to the quantum computer History of computer science History of computer animation History of computer graphics History of computer networking History of computer vision Punched card Unit record equipment IBM 700/7000 series IBM 1400 series IBM Syst... | Outline of computing | 0.795908 |
99,594 | This approach differs from other quantitative methods of Greek astronomy such as the analemma (orthographic projection), stereographic projection, or trigonometry (a fledgling subject introduced by Theodosius' contemporary Hipparchus). It also differs from the approach taken in Menelaus' Spherics, a treatise of the sam... | Theodosius' Spherics | 0.795908 |
99,595 | Using the Ertel PV conservation theorem has led to various advances in understanding the general circulation. One of them was "tropopause folding" process described in Reed et al., (1950). For the upper-troposphere and stratosphere, air parcels follow adiabatic movements during a synoptic period of time. | Potential vorticity | 0.795908 |
99,596 | Lewis Carroll), wrote a play, Euclid and His Modern Rivals, in which these texts are lambasted.One of the early reform textbooks was James Maurice Wilson's Elementary Geometry of 1868. Wilson based his definition of parallel lines on the primitive notion of direction. According to Wilhelm Killing the idea may be traced... | Parallel (geometry) | 0.795907 |
99,597 | Experimental designs sustain those basic principles of experimental statistics. There are three basic experimental designs to randomly allocate treatments in all plots of the experiment. They are completely randomized design, randomized block design, and factorial designs. Treatments can be arranged in many ways inside... | Biostatistics | 0.795907 |
99,598 | In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991. The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption ... | IDEA (cipher) | 0.795907 |
99,599 | He lived there for the rest of his life, but in 1926 began lecturing once again at Cambridge. Most of his long series of papers on invariant theory and the symmetric group were written while he was a clergyman. Young's ideas have had a significant impact on: (1) group representation theory, (2) combinatorics and statis... | Alfred Young (mathematician) | 0.795907 |
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