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99,600 | and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He joined Bell Labs in 1968. | Alfred Y. Cho | 0.795907 |
99,601 | The ChemIO library for out-of-core storage was developed by Jarek Nieplocha, Robert Harrison and Ian Foster. The GA library is incorporated into many quantum chemistry packages, including NWChem, MOLPRO, UTChem, MOLCAS, and TURBOMOLE. The GA library is also incorporated into sub-surface code STOMPThe GA toolkit is free... | Global Arrays | 0.795906 |
99,602 | The most notable critics of the view that genes play a direct role in human behaviour have been biologists Richard Lewontin Steven Rose and Stephen Jay Gould. Given the convergence of much of sociobiology's claims with right-wing politics, this approach has seen severe opposition both with regard to its research result... | Social evolutionism | 0.795906 |
99,603 | ConceptDraw DIAGRAM (previously known as ConceptDraw PRO) is proprietary diagramming software used to create business graphics, including: diagrams, flowcharts, Infographics, data visualization for business process models, data presentation and project management documentation. It can also be used for creating professi... | ConceptDraw DIAGRAM | 0.795906 |
99,604 | Search engines often use the number of backlinks that a website has as one of the most important factors for determining that website's search engine ranking, popularity and importance. Google's description of its PageRank system (January 1998), for instance, noted that "Google interprets a link from page A to page B a... | Incoming link | 0.795906 |
99,605 | Open sets in the topology are then unions of these base sets. Consider the orbit of some map germ o r b G ( f ) . | A-equivalence | 0.795906 |
99,606 | The set of Gibbs measures on a system is always convex, so there is either a unique Gibbs measure (in which case the system is said to be "ergodic"), or there are infinitely many (and the system is called "nonergodic"). In the nonergodic case, the Gibbs measures can be expressed as the set of convex combinations of a m... | Gibbs random field | 0.795905 |
99,607 | The Seekur robot was the first commercially available robot to demonstrate MDARS-like capabilities for general use by airports, utility plants, corrections facilities and Homeland Security.The DARPA Grand Challenge and DARPA Urban Challenge have encouraged development of even more autonomous capabilities for ground veh... | Autonomous foraging | 0.795905 |
99,608 | Einstein published (in 1922) a qualitative theory of superconductivity based on the vague idea of electrons shared in orbits. This paper predated modern quantum mechanics, and today is regarded as being incorrect. The current theory of low temperature superconductivity, BCS theory (by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and John... | Einstein's unsuccessful investigations | 0.795905 |
99,609 | David P. Sumner is an American mathematician known for his research in graph theory. He formulated Sumner's conjecture that tournaments are universal graphs for polytrees in 1971, and showed in 1974 that all claw-free graphs with an even number of vertices have perfect matchings. He and András Gyárfás independently for... | David Sumner | 0.795905 |
99,610 | Lisi received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, San Diego, in 1999. Lisi then left academia.In July 2006, Lisi was awarded an FQXi grant to conduct research in quantum mechanics and unification. | Antony Garrett Lisi | 0.795905 |
99,611 | BSTS: Bayesian take on linear Gaussian state space models suitable for time series analysis. Circular Statistics: Basic methods for directional data. | JASP | 0.795905 |
99,612 | Throughout Johann Bernoulli's education at Basel University the Bernoulli brothers worked together spending much of their time studying the newly discovered infinitesimal calculus. They were among the first mathematicians to not only study and understand calculus but to apply it to various problems. In 1690, he complet... | Johann Bernoulli | 0.795905 |
99,613 | Every finite field of this type has exactly (p − 1)/2 quadratic residues and exactly (p − 1)/2 quadratic non-residues. The quadratic residues form a group under multiplication. The properties of quadratic residues are widely used in number theory. | Squared modulus | 0.795904 |
99,614 | The currently available magnetogenetics techniques combine targeted magnetic particle delivery with magnetic stimulation. This allows for the accurate spatial control of the targeted intervention (i.e. inhibition or excitation of the target neurons in target brain regions). The temporal precision seems to vary dependin... | Magnetogenetics | 0.795904 |
99,615 | In geophysics and reflection seismology, the Zoeppritz equations are a set of equations that describe the partitioning of seismic wave energy at an interface, due to mode conversion. They are named after their author, the German geophysicist Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, who died before they were published in 1919.The equat... | Zoeppritz equations | 0.795904 |
99,616 | In April 1869, following Sofia's and Vladimir's brief stay in Vienna, where she attended lectures in physics at the university, they moved to Heidelberg. Through great efforts, she obtained permission to audit classes with the professors' approval at the University of Heidelberg. There she attended courses in physics a... | Sofya Kovalevskaya | 0.795904 |
99,617 | Thomas (Thom) Henry LaBean is an American biochemist, bioengineer and professor at North Carolina State University. He was previously a research professor at Duke University. He is a leading researcher in the field of DNA nanotechnology. LaBean graduated from Michigan State University in 1985 with a BSc in biochemistry... | Thomas LaBean | 0.795903 |
99,618 | ": 470 On December 23, 1947, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen, and William B. Shockley demonstrated the first working transistor to their colleagues at Bell Laboratories. Amplifying small electrical signals and supporting the processing of digital information, the transistor is "the key enabler of modern electronics". The... | Walter Houser Brattain | 0.795903 |
99,619 | This is the newest approach in data mapping and involves simultaneously evaluating actual data values in two data sources using heuristics and statistics to automatically discover complex mappings between two data sets. This approach is used to find transformations between two data sets, discovering substrings, concate... | Data mapping | 0.795903 |
99,620 | The state space is a convex set closed in the weak* topology. The extreme points are called pure states. Given a there is a pure state f such that |f(a)| = ||a||. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.795903 |
99,621 | Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil – Joao Braga of INPE, a scientific collaborator on the HETE-2 team, oversees the Burst Alert Station located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India – TIFR's Ravi Manchanda is in cha... | HETE 2 | 0.795903 |
99,622 | The study of this instability is applicable in plasma physics, for example in inertial confinement fusion and the plasma–beryllium interface. In situations where there is a state of static stability, evident by heavier fluids found below than the lower fluid, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability can be ignored as the Kelvin... | Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities | 0.795903 |
99,623 | Clinical Biochemistry Clinical Neurosciences Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair Neurology Unit Neurosurgery Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre Haematology Transfusion Medicine Diagnostics Development Unit Medical Genetics Medicine Anaesthesia Clinical Pharmacology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oncology Paediatrics Brain Mapping ... | Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge | 0.795902 |
99,624 | Additionally, Fluorescence spectroscopy can be adapted to the microscopic level using microfluorimetry In analytical chemistry, fluorescence detectors are used with HPLC. In the field of water research, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to monitor water quality by detecting organic pollutants. Recent advances in co... | Fluorescence spectroscopy | 0.795902 |
99,625 | Optimization has been widely used in civil engineering. Construction management and transportation engineering are among the main branches of civil engineering that heavily rely on optimization. The most common civil engineering problems that are solved by optimization are cut and fill of roads, life-cycle analysis of ... | Optimization algorithm | 0.795902 |
99,626 | After graduating, Urnov worked with DNA in the laboratory of Alan Wolffe at the National Institutes of Health. In 2000, Urnov followed Wolffe to Sangamo Therapeutics where he had been recruited as Chief Scientific Officer. Shortly after moving to the San Francisco Bay Area, Urnov was offered an adjunct position as a le... | Fyodor Urnov | 0.795902 |
99,627 | In the far future, engineer Ava Turing is one of several members of a research team sent via the International Space Agency (ISA) to excavate Jupiter's moon Europa. While Ava remains in cryogenic slumber, the other team members are woken and travel to the moon to set up their base and begin conducting their studies, wi... | The Turing Test (video game) | 0.795902 |
99,628 | By the late 1970s, computer science and the affordability of computer technology had progressed enough that the retrieval of "legal data by electronic and mechanical means" had been achieved by machines fitting Mehl's first type and were in common use in American law firms. During this time, research focused on improvi... | Computational law | 0.795902 |
99,629 | In geology a debate remains open concerning the use of Myr (duration) plus Ma (million years ago) versus using only the term Ma. In either case the term Ma is used in geology literature conforming to ISO 31-1 (now ISO 80000-3) and NIST 811 recommended practices. Traditional style geology literature is written The Creta... | Mya (unit) | 0.795902 |
99,630 | Natural resources engineering has always existed as an extension of biological engineering, but demand for such practices continue to increase along with increasing urbanization. The development of basic farming techniques, irrigation, and basic wells were a significant step in natural resources engineering for the Hum... | Natural resources engineering | 0.795902 |
99,631 | In logic, general frames (or simply frames) are Kripke frames with an additional structure, which are used to model modal and intermediate logics. The general frame semantics combines the main virtues of Kripke semantics and algebraic semantics: it shares the transparent geometrical insight of the former, and robust co... | Jónsson–Tarski duality | 0.795901 |
99,632 | Sims received a B.S. from MIT in 1984, and a M.S. from the MIT Media Lab in 1987. He has worked for supercomputer manufacturer and artificial intelligence company Thinking Machines as an artist-in-residence, for Whitney/Demos Productions as a researcher, and co-founded Optomystic. | Karl Sims | 0.795901 |
99,633 | Consequently intuitionistic logic is privileged over classical logic, when it comes to disputation concerning phenomena whose objective existence is a matter of controversy. Thus the question, "Is Logic Empirical?," for Dummett, leads naturally into the dispute over realism and anti-realism, one of the deepest issues i... | Is Logic Empirical? | 0.795901 |
99,634 | The EPS CMD Europhysics Prize is awarded (currently every 2nd year) since 1975 by the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, in recognition of recent work (completed in the 5 years preceding the attribution of the award) by one or more individuals, for scientific excellence in the area of condensed... | EPS Europhysics Prize | 0.795901 |
99,635 | In decision theory and game theory, Wald's maximin model is a non-probabilistic decision-making model according to which decisions are ranked on the basis of their worst-case outcomes – the optimal decision is one with the least bad worst outcome. It is one of the most important models in robust decision making in gene... | Wald's maximin model | 0.7959 |
99,636 | The Cossee–Arlman mechanism in polymer chemistry is the main pathway for the formation of C–C bonds in the polymerization of alkenes. The mechanism features an intermediate coordination complex that contains both the growing polymer chain and the monomer (alkene). These ligands combine within the coordination sphere of... | Cossee-Arlman mechanism | 0.7959 |
99,637 | For all intents and purposes, each enantiomer in a pair has the same energy. However, theoretical physics predicts that due to parity violation of the weak nuclear force (the only force in nature that can "tell left from right"), there is actually a minute difference in energy between enantiomers (on the order of 10−12... | Optical isomerism | 0.7959 |
99,638 | Optogenetics provides millisecond-scale temporal precision which allows the experimenter to keep pace with fast biological information processing (for example, in probing the causal role of specific action potential patterns in defined neurons). Indeed, to probe the neural code, optogenetics by definition must operate ... | Optogenetics | 0.7959 |
99,639 | Nikolai I. Lobachevsky, Pangeometry, translator and editor: A. Papadopoulos, Heritage of European Mathematics Series, Vol. 4, European Mathematical Society. 2010, 310 p. | Nikolai Lobachevsky | 0.7959 |
99,640 | A better example of a perfectly binding commitment scheme is one where the commitment is the encryption of x under a semantically secure, public-key encryption scheme with perfect completeness, and the decommitment is the string of random bits used to encrypt x. An example of an information-theoretically hiding commitm... | Cryptographic commitment | 0.7959 |
99,641 | In 2003, Utts published an article in American Statistician, a journal published by the American Statistical Association, calling for significant changes to collegiate level statistics education. In the article she argued that curricula do a fine job of covering the mathematical side of statistics, but do a poor job of... | Jessica Utts | 0.795899 |
99,642 | WebElementsGreenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed. ), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 == F... | Gallium halides | 0.795899 |
99,643 | In molecular biology, SNORA9 (also known as ACA9) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines. | Small nucleolar RNA SNORA9 | 0.795899 |
99,644 | In addition to its primary focus on historic preservation history, theory, and criticism, it also includes essays on various topics including "art, philosophy, law, geography, archeology, planning, materials science, cultural anthropology, and conservation." Each issue contains articles, an exhibition review, a feature... | Future Anterior | 0.795899 |
99,645 | The syntax rules for modal operators ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } and ◊ {\displaystyle \Diamond } are very similar to those for universal and existential quantifiers; In fact, any formula with modal operators ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } and ◊ {\displaystyle \Diamond } , and the usual logical connectives in propositional calculu... | Modal operator | 0.795899 |
99,646 | If ensemble forecasts are to be used for predicting probabilities of observed weather variables they typically need calibration in order to create unbiased and reliable forecasts. For forecasts of temperature one simple and effective method of calibration is linear regression, often known in this context as model outpu... | Ensemble forecasting | 0.795899 |
99,647 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the runcicantellated 24-cell honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. | Runcicantellated 24-cell honeycomb | 0.795898 |
99,648 | From the University of Mumbai, Rao went back to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI). While at ISI, he visited Ohio State University. Rao has guided students for their Ph.D.s in graph theory. | S. B. Rao | 0.795898 |
99,649 | Several different techniques have been tried to minimize this spoke asymmetry. In addition to modified hub geometry, some rims have off-center spoke holes, and the mounting of common J-bend spokes at the hub flange can be altered "inboard" or "outboard".A truing stand or a dishing gauge, can be used to measure the posi... | Disc wheels | 0.795898 |
99,650 | The chemistry of sulfur is largely covalent in nature, noting it can form ionic sulfides with highly electropositive metals. The common oxide of sulfur (SO3) is strongly acidic. Selenium is a metallic-looking, moderately reactive solid with a density of 4.81 g/cm3 and is soft (MH 2.0) and brittle. | Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group | 0.795897 |
99,651 | Raffaella Pagani (Chair) Pavel Drašar (Vice-Chair), University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Terry Mitchell (Secretary) a number of members | Chemistry Quality Eurolabels | 0.795897 |
99,652 | Applying the theorem now to the stabilizer G 1 , {\displaystyle G_{1},} we can obtain | G 1 | = | ( G 1 ) ⋅ 2 | | ( G 1 ) 2 | . {\displaystyle |G_{1}|=|(G_{1})\cdot 2||(G_{1})_{2}|.} | Transitive group | 0.795897 |
99,653 | Bose Fellow and INAE Distinguished Professor at ISI. He was the vice-president of the Society for Natural Language Technology Research (SNLTR).His primary research contributes to the fields of computer vision, image processing and pattern recognition. He is a pioneer of "Indian language script OCR". | Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri | 0.795897 |
99,654 | Potassium permanganate can be used to quantitatively determine the total oxidizable organic material in an aqueous sample. The value determined is known as the permanganate value. In analytical chemistry, a standardized aqueous solution of KMnO4 is sometimes used as an oxidizing titrant for redox titrations (permangano... | KMnO4 | 0.795896 |
99,655 | Fedorov's theorem, established by the Russian crystallographer Evgraf Fedorov in 1891, asserts that parallelograms and centrally symmetric hexagons are the only convex polygons that are fundamental domains. There are several proofs of this, some of the more recent ones related to results in convexity theory, the geomet... | Fundamental polygon | 0.795896 |
99,656 | The Lefschetz fixed-point theorem says that if a continuous map f from a finite simplicial complex B to itself has only isolated fixed points, then the number of fixed points counted with multiplicities (which may be negative) is equal to the Lefschetz number ∑ n ( − 1 ) n Tr ( f | H n ( B ) ) {\displaystyle \display... | Brouwer's fixed point theorem | 0.795896 |
99,657 | 2013 – John Pendry for his “seminal contributions to surface science, disordered systems and photonics”. 2012 – Martin Rees for his outstanding contributions to relativistic astrophysics and cosmology. 2011 – Leo Kadanoff for "inventing conceptual tools that reveal the deep implications of scale invariance on the behav... | Institute of Physics Isaac Newton Medal | 0.795896 |
99,658 | Some LBD systems represent the connection between concepts as a knowledge graph, and thus employ techniques of graph theory. The graph-based representation is also the foundation for LBD systems that employ graph databases like Neo4J, enabling discovery via graph query languages such as Cypher.Graph-based LBD systems r... | Literature-based discovery | 0.795895 |
99,659 | Malabika Pramanik is a Canadian mathematician who works as a professor of mathematics at the University of British Columbia. Her interests include harmonic analysis, complex variables, and partial differential equations. | Malabika Pramanik | 0.795895 |
99,660 | Feynman applied to Columbia University but was not accepted because of their quota for the number of Jews admitted. Instead, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. Although he originally majored in mathematics, he later switched to electrical engineering, as... | Richard Feynman | 0.795894 |
99,661 | Kőnig's theorem is equivalent to many other min-max theorems in graph theory and combinatorics, such as Hall's marriage theorem and Dilworth's theorem. Since bipartite matching is a special case of maximum flow, the theorem also results from the max-flow min-cut theorem. | Kőnig's theorem (graph theory) | 0.795894 |
99,662 | Waldeyer also studied the basophilic stained filaments which had been found to be the main constituents of chromatin, the material inside the cell nucleus, by his colleague of Kiel, Walther Flemming (1843–1905). Although its significance for genetics and for cell biology was still to be discovered, these filaments were... | Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz | 0.795893 |
99,663 | The Mackey topology has an application in economies with infinitely many commodities. | Mackey topology | 0.795893 |
99,664 | The input text is first tokenized, or broken into words. Typically in natural language processing, contractions such as "'s", "n't", and the like are considered separate word tokens, as are punctuation marks. A dictionary and some morphological rules then provide an initial tag for each word token. For example, a simpl... | Brill tagger | 0.795893 |
99,665 | Engineering statistics dates back to 1000 B.C. when the Abacus was developed as means to calculate numerical data. In the 1600s, the development of information processing to systematically analyze and process data began. In 1654, the Slide Rule technique was developed by Robert Bissaker for advanced data calculations. ... | Engineering statistics | 0.795893 |
99,666 | Einstein's equations are the centerpiece of general relativity. They provide a precise formulation of the relationship between spacetime geometry and the properties of matter, using the language of mathematics. More concretely, they are formulated using the concepts of Riemannian geometry, in which the geometric proper... | Introduction to general relativity | 0.795892 |
99,667 | This idea of using roots of unity was introduced by Chebotarev in his proof of Chebotarev's density theorem, and used shortly afterwards by Artin to prove his reciprocity theorem. For general layers E,F there is an exact sequence 0 → H 2 ( E / F ) ∩ H 2 ( E / E ∩ G ∞ ) → H 2 ( E / E ∩ G ∞ ) → H 2 ( F / F ∩ G ∞ ) {\disp... | Class formation | 0.795892 |
99,668 | Compounds of the empirical formula AlR2Cl (R = alkyl, aryl) exist as dimers with the formula (R2Al)2(μ-Cl)2. The aluminium adopts a tetrahedral geometry. | Diethylaluminium chloride | 0.795892 |
99,669 | Sony has targeted medical, healthcare and biotechnology business as a growth sector in the future. The company acquired iCyt Mission Technology, Inc. (renamed Sony Biotechnology Inc. in 2012), a manufacturer of flow cytometers, in 2010 and Micronics, Inc., a developer of microfluidics-based diagnostic tools, in 2011. I... | Sony | 0.795891 |
99,670 | The description of the key binary relation properties has been formulated with the calculus of relations. The univalence property of functions describes a relation R {\displaystyle R} that satisfies the formula R T R ⊆ I , {\displaystyle R^{T}R\subseteq I,} where I {\displaystyle I} is the identity relation on the rang... | Algebra of logic | 0.795891 |
99,671 | Upon being bought by Lycos in 1998, development for the search engine staggered and its market share fell drastically. After going through a few alterations, HotBot was redesigned into a simplified search interface, with its features being incorporated into Lycos' website redesign.A metasearch engine called Anvish was ... | Meta-search engine | 0.795891 |
99,672 | Twice kinetic energy per unit mass of the above uniform sphere is which balances the potential energy per unit mass of the uniform sphere, inside which M ∝ r 3 ∝ x 3 {\displaystyle M\propto r^{3}\propto x^{3}} . The average Virial per unit mass can be computed from averaging its local value r ⋅ ( − ∇ Φ ) {\displaystyle... | Stellar dynamics | 0.795891 |
99,673 | The Institute initially focused on the commonalities between cancer and fetal development, known as onco-developmental biology. Significant early discoveries include development of monoclonal antibody-based ‘two-site’ ELISA. In the 1980s, the Institute became known for its work on fibronectin and other extracellular ma... | Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute | 0.795891 |
99,674 | The advantage of this simple procedure is twofold: it avoids the constraint and helps the optimization. If the scheduling problem is modified to the scheduling of workflows instead of independent subtasks, at least some of the work steps of a workflow have to be executed in a given order. If the previously described sc... | Genetic representation | 0.795891 |
99,675 | The Freescale 68HC16 microcontroller family is intended as a 16-bit mostly software compatible upgrade of the 68HC11. The Freescale 68HC12 microcontroller family is an enhanced 16-bit version of the 68HC11. The Handy Board robotics controller by Fred Martin is based on the 68HC11.A MC68HC24 port replacement unit is ava... | Freescale 68HC11 | 0.795891 |
99,676 | In algebraic group theory, a wonderful compactification of a variety acted on by an algebraic group G {\displaystyle G} is a G {\displaystyle G} -equivariant compactification such that the closure of each orbit is smooth. Corrado de Concini and Claudio Procesi (1983) constructed a wonderful compactification of any symm... | Wonderful compactification | 0.795891 |
99,677 | NMF decomposes a non-negative matrix to the product of two non-negative ones, which has been a promising tool in fields where only non-negative signals exist, such as astronomy. NMF is well known since the multiplicative update rule by Lee & Seung, which has been continuously developed: the inclusion of uncertainties, ... | Dimension reduction | 0.795891 |
99,678 | Flory is considered the first scientist establishing the field of polymer physics. French scientists contributed a lot since the 70s (e.g. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, J. des Cloizeaux). | Polymer physics | 0.79589 |
99,679 | James Wei (Chinese: 韋潛光; born 1930) is an American chemical engineer. Wei received his bachelor's degree from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952, before pursuing graduate study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned a master's and a doctor of science degree. He began working for Mobil Oil in 195... | James Wei (engineer) | 0.79589 |
99,680 | The study of hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry relies on the fact that various physicochemical processes will preferentially enrich or deplete deuterium relative to protium (see kinetic isotope effect, etc.). There are various measures that have been developed to describe the fractionation in an isotope between two pool... | Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry | 0.79589 |
99,681 | The difference is, that there is no interface between the host graph G and the graph G' being the result of the rewriting step. From the practical perspective, the key distinction between DPO and SPO is how they deal with the deletion of nodes with adjacent edges, in particular, how they avoid that such deletions may l... | Hypergraph grammar | 0.79589 |
99,682 | QEMSCAN measurements can be applied in quantitative mineral characterisation of rocks, weathering products such as regolith and soils, and most man-made materials. As a result, it has commercial and scientific applications in mining and mineral processing; O&G; coal; environmental sciences;, forensic geosciences; archa... | QEMSCAN | 0.79589 |
99,683 | Felsenstein proposed the first general statistical method in 1985 for incorporating phylogenetic information, i.e., the first that could use any arbitrary topology (branching order) and a specified set of branch lengths. The method is now recognized as an algorithm that implements a special case of what are termed phyl... | Phylogenetic comparative methods | 0.79589 |
99,684 | The School of Computing at the University of Utah offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in computer science. The department has major research funding that supports initiatives in: Applied computation Artificial intelligence Computer graphics Computer systems Program analysis Data management, analysis, and visualiz... | University of Utah College of Engineering | 0.79589 |
99,685 | A series of 16th epidemics in Mexico, called the "huey cocoliztli" in the native Nahuatl language, caused high mortality in indigenous Aztec population, leading to demographic collapse. These epidemics are considered among the worst epidemics in the history of Mexico and the causes have remained a mystery for over 500 ... | Ancient pathogen genomics | 0.79589 |
99,686 | Quantum Trajectory Theory (QTT) is a formulation of quantum mechanics used for simulating open quantum systems, quantum dissipation and single quantum systems. It was developed by Howard Carmichael in the early 1990s around the same time as the similar formulation, known as the quantum jump method or Monte Carlo wave f... | Quantum Trajectory Theory | 0.79589 |
99,687 | A scheme X is said to be generically smooth of dimension n over k if X contains an open dense subset that is smooth of dimension n over k. Every variety over a perfect field (in particular an algebraically closed field) is generically smooth. | Smooth (algebraic variety) | 0.795889 |
99,688 | Jonckheere's observatory was not totally devoted to astronomy. The building complex had several offices, a residential house, a library, and a weather station. | Robert Jonckhèere | 0.795889 |
99,689 | Phenyldiazonium chloride is dangerously explosive, but benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is easily handled on the bench. SN1 and SN2 reactions do not occur. Arenediazonium salts are versatile reagents as described in the next sections After electrophilic aromatic substitution, diazonium chemistry is the most frequentl... | Arenediazonium salts | 0.795889 |
99,690 | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology: Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. | Outline of nanotechnology | 0.795889 |
99,691 | It satisfies the Poisson equation in the sense of distributions. Moreover, when the measure is positive, the Newtonian potential is subharmonic on Rd. If f is a compactly supported continuous function (or, more generally, a finite measure) that is rotationally invariant, then the convolution of f with Γ satisfies for x... | Single layer potential | 0.795889 |
99,692 | An additive-combinatorial proof based on formal power product expansions was given by Giedrius Alkauskas. This proof uses neither the Euclidean algorithm nor the binomial theorem, but rather it employs formal power series with rational coefficients. | Proofs of Fermat's little theorem | 0.795889 |
99,693 | Five-year relative survival rates are more commonly cited in cancer statistics. Five-year absolute survival rates may sometimes also be cited. Five-year absolute survival rates describe the percentage of patients alive five years after the disease is diagnosed. Five-year relative survival rates describe the percentage ... | Five-year survival rate | 0.795888 |
99,694 | In chemistry, a cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion −C≡N. This anion is extremely poi... | Cyanide anion | 0.795888 |
99,695 | Noether's theorem (1918) states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. Noether's theorem has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations. A generalisation of the seminal formulations on constants of motion in L... | Form of energy | 0.795888 |
99,696 | Materials science for solar energy conversion systems (First ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 9781483287577. | Claes-Göran Granqvist | 0.795888 |
99,697 | In 1987–1989 he was a Whyburn Research Instructor in mathematics at the University of Virginia. In the department of statistics, UC Berkeley, he became an associate professor in 1991 and a full professor in 1995. In 1999 at UC Berkeley he was given a joint appointment as a professor in both mathematics and statistics, ... | Steven Neil Evans | 0.795888 |
99,698 | In geophysics, the Curie depth is the depth at which rocks in a specific geographical area encounter the Curie temperature. This depth can be approximated from aeromagnetic survey data through spectral analysis or forward modeling. == References == | Curie depth | 0.795887 |
99,699 | In modern algebra, the algebra of dual numbers is often defined as the quotient of a polynomial ring over the real numbers ( R ) {\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} )} by the principal ideal generated by the square of the indeterminate, that is R / ⟨ X 2 ⟩ . {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} /\left\langle X^{2}\right\rangle .} It ma... | Ring of dual numbers | 0.795887 |
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