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train · 919 rows

claim_id int64 0 1.41k	claim stringlengths 26 249	abstract_id int64 5.84k 196M	title stringlengths 7 264	abstract listlengths 3 25	verdict stringclasses 3 values	evidence listlengths 0 5
621	Individuals with Alzheimers who participate in six months of physical activity improve cognitive function for up to 18 months.	1,642,727	Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial.	[ "CONTEXT Many observational studies have shown that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline; however, evidence from randomized trials is lacking. \n", "OBJECTIVE To determine whether physical activity reduces the rate of cognitive decline among older adults at risk. \n", "DESIGN AND SETTING ...	SUPPORT	[ 9, 13 ]
622	Individuals with low serum vitamin D concentrations have decreased risk of multiple sclerosis.	17,000,834	Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study.	[ "OBJECTIVE To examine whether past high sun exposure is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis. \n", "DESIGN Population based case-control study. \n", "SETTING Tasmania, latitudes 41-3 degrees S. PARTICIPANTS 136 cases with multiple sclerosis and 272 controls randomly drawn from the communit...	NEI	[]
624	Induced hepatic stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into cholangiocytic cells.	20,033,112	Reprogramming fibroblasts into bipotential hepatic stem cells by defined factors.	[ "Recent studies have demonstrated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into a range of somatic cell types, but to date stem or progenitor cells have only been reprogrammed for the blood and neuronal lineages.", "We previously reported generation of induced hepatocyte-like (iHep) cells by transduction of Gata4, Hnf...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 6 ]
625	Induced hepatic stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into hepatocytic cells.	20,033,112	Reprogramming fibroblasts into bipotential hepatic stem cells by defined factors.	[ "Recent studies have demonstrated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into a range of somatic cell types, but to date stem or progenitor cells have only been reprogrammed for the blood and neuronal lineages.", "We previously reported generation of induced hepatocyte-like (iHep) cells by transduction of Gata4, Hnf...	SUPPORT	[ 3 ]
626	Induction of urokinase receptor signaling in podocytes causes foot process effacement and proteinuria.	16,355,392	Modification of kidney barrier function by the urokinase receptor	[ "Podocyte dysfunction, represented by foot process effacement and proteinuria, is often the starting point for progressive kidney disease.", "Therapies aimed at the cellular level of the disease are currently not available.", "Here we show that induction of urokinase receptor (uPAR) signaling in podocytes leads...	SUPPORT	[ 2 ]
631	Inhibiting HDAC6 increases survival of mice with ARID1A mutated tumors.	5,468,807	ARID1A-mutated ovarian cancers depend on HDAC6 activity	[ "ARID1A, encoding a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex, is the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulator across all human cancers.", "ARID1A and TP53 mutations are typically mutually exclusive.", "Therapeutic approaches that correlate with this genetic characteristic remain to be explored."...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
632	Inhibiting focal adhesion formation enables cells to convert mechanical strain into eventual scarring.	5,172,048	Focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to skin fibrosis via inflammatory signaling	[ "Exuberant fibroproliferation is a common complication after injury for reasons that are not well understood.", "One key component of wound repair that is often overlooked is mechanical force, which regulates cell-matrix interactions through intracellular focal adhesion components, including focal adhesion kinase...	CONTRADICT	[ 3, 5, 6, 7 ]
633	Inhibiting focal adhesion formation increases the rate at which cells convert mechanical strain into inflammation and fibrosis.	5,172,048	Focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to skin fibrosis via inflammatory signaling	[ "Exuberant fibroproliferation is a common complication after injury for reasons that are not well understood.", "One key component of wound repair that is often overlooked is mechanical force, which regulates cell-matrix interactions through intracellular focal adhesion components, including focal adhesion kinase...	CONTRADICT	[ 3, 7 ]
635	Inhibiting glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase improves lipogenesis by deactivating LKB1-AMPK signaling.	1,686,997	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signaling	[ "The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) contributes to tumour growth, but the precise contribution of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), the third enzyme in this pathway, to tumorigenesis remains unclear.", "We found that suppression of 6PGD decreased lipogenesis and RNA biosynthesis and elevated ROS...	CONTRADICT	[ 1, 2 ]
638	Input from mental and physical health care professionals is not effective at decreasing homelessness.	25,649,714	Mental health problems of homeless children and families: longitudinal study.	[ "OBJECTIVE To establish the mental health needs of homeless children and families before and after rehousing. \n", "DESIGN Cross sectional, longitudinal study. \n", "SETTING City of Birmingham. ", "SUBJECTS 58 rehoused families with 103 children aged 2-16 years and 21 comparison families of low socioeco...	NEI	[]
640	Inside the body, falciparum parasites reproduce asexually.	6,503,185	Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments	[ "Plasmodium falciparum malaria, an infectious disease caused by a parasitic protozoan, claims the lives of nearly a million children each year in Africa alone and is a top public health concern.", "Evidence is accumulating that resistance to artemisinin derivatives, the frontline therapy for the asexual blood sta...	SUPPORT	[ 1, 3 ]
642	Insulin decreases risk of severe kidney failure.	13,619,127	Diabetes treatments and risk of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia: open cohort study in primary care	[ "OBJECTIVE To assess the risks of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with prescribed diabetes drugs, particularly newer agents including gliptins or glitazones (thiazolidinediones). \n", "DESIGN Open cohort study in primary...	NEI	[]
643	Insulin effects appetite via ventral tegmental neurons.	15,535,511	Role for insulin signaling in catecholaminergic neurons in control of energy homeostasis.	[ "Dopaminergic midbrain neurons integrate signals on food palatability and food-associated reward into the complex control of energy homeostasis.", "To define the role of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in this circuitry, we inactivated IR signaling in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)-expressing cells of mice (IR(ΔTh))."...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 5 ]
645	Intake of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B6 (VB6) increases levels of homocysteine.	12,810,152	Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.	[ "CONTEXT Hyperhomocysteinemia is caused by genetic and lifestyle influences, including low intakes of folate and vitamin B6.", "However, prospective data relating intake of these vitamins to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) are not available. \n", "OBJECTIVE To examine intakes of folate and vitamin B6 in ...	CONTRADICT	[ 0 ]
646	Intake of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B6 (VB6) reduces levels of homocysteine.	12,810,152	Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.	[ "CONTEXT Hyperhomocysteinemia is caused by genetic and lifestyle influences, including low intakes of folate and vitamin B6.", "However, prospective data relating intake of these vitamins to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) are not available. \n", "OBJECTIVE To examine intakes of folate and vitamin B6 in ...	SUPPORT	[ 0 ]
647	Integrated care is ineffective at tackling multiple comorbidities.	15,041,758	Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial	[ "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. \n", "DESIGN A randomised controlled trial of multi-condition collaborative care for depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or risk factors for co...	CONTRADICT	[ 6, 7, 8 ]
648	Integrated care is successful at tackling multiple comorbidities.	15,041,758	Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial	[ "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. \n", "DESIGN A randomised controlled trial of multi-condition collaborative care for depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or risk factors for co...	SUPPORT	[ 6, 7, 8 ]
650	Integrating classroom-based collaborative learning with Web-based collaborative learning offers the best class performance.	12,789,595	Computer assisted learning in undergraduate medical education.	[ "It is becoming “a truth universally acknowledged” that the education of undergraduate medical students will be enhanced through the use of computer assisted learning.", "Access to the wide range of online options illustrated in the figure must surely make learning more exciting, effective, and likely to be retai...	NEI	[]
651	Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) Irf1, Irg1, Ifi27, and Rsad2 encourage West Nile virus replication in cortical neurons.	9,433,958	Differential innate immune response programs in neuronal subtypes determine susceptibility to infection in the brain by positive stranded RNA viruses	[ "Although susceptibility of neurons in the brain to microbial infection is a major determinant of clinical outcome, little is known about the molecular factors governing this vulnerability.", "Here we show that two types of neurons from distinct brain regions showed differential permissivity to replication of sev...	NEI	[]
652	Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) Irf1, Irg1, Ifi27, and Rsad2 inhibit West Nile virus replication in cortical neurons.	9,433,958	Differential innate immune response programs in neuronal subtypes determine susceptibility to infection in the brain by positive stranded RNA viruses	[ "Although susceptibility of neurons in the brain to microbial infection is a major determinant of clinical outcome, little is known about the molecular factors governing this vulnerability.", "Here we show that two types of neurons from distinct brain regions showed differential permissivity to replication of sev...	NEI	[]
653	Interleukin-18 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.	24,384,587	Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-Cl co-transporter	[ "Interleukin-18 (IL18) participates in atherogenesis through several putative mechanisms.", "Interruption of IL18 action reduces atherosclerosis in mice.", "Here, we show that absence of the IL18 receptor (IL18r) does not affect atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice, nor does it affect IL...	SUPPORT	[ 0, 1, 5 ]
654	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers increases expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.	57,574,395	Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models	[ "Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure.", "Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released on cleavage of the membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), also expres...	NEI	[]
655	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers reduces expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.	57,574,395	Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models	[ "Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure.", "Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released on cleavage of the membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), also expres...	NEI	[]
657	Intramembrane cleavage by signal peptide peptidase aids in the degradation of proteins with a complex membrane orientation.	8,533,245	Ubiquitin-dependent intramembrane rhomboid protease promotes ERAD of membrane proteins.	[ "The ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway serves as an important cellular safeguard by directing incorrectly folded and unassembled proteins from the ER to the proteasome.", "Still, however, little is known about the components mediating ERAD of membrane proteins.", "Here we show that the evolutionary conse...	SUPPORT	[ 2, 3 ]
658	It is not proven that moderate consumption of candy and chocolate reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) specifically.	5,293,024	Life is sweet: candy consumption and longevity.	[ "Our attitude towards candy—“if it tastes that good, it can't be healthy”—betrays society's puritanical stance towards pleasure.", "Candy has been blamed for various ills, including hyperactivity in children; however, clinical trials have not supported this.1 Candy—sugar confectionery and chocolate—is not a rece...	NEI	[]
661	JMJD6 catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-terminal lysine and supresses transcriptional activity.	37,204,802	JMJD6 Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis through Negative Regulation of p53 by Hydroxylation	[ "Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) is a member of the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins.", "Compared to other members of the family, the cellular activity of JMJD6 is still not clearly defined and its biological function is still largely unexplored.", "Here we report that JMJD6 is physically asso...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 4, 6 ]
662	JMJD6 slows the hydroxylation of C-terminal lysine	37,204,802	JMJD6 Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis through Negative Regulation of p53 by Hydroxylation	[ "Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) is a member of the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins.", "Compared to other members of the family, the cellular activity of JMJD6 is still not clearly defined and its biological function is still largely unexplored.", "Here we report that JMJD6 is physically asso...	CONTRADICT	[ 3, 4, 6 ]
663	KLF4 is necessary for VSMCs to gain genetic characteristics of other cell types within atherosclerotic lesions.	22,080,671	KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis	[ "Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods for clearly identifying each of these cell types.", "Here, using Myh11-CreERT2 ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe−/− mice...	SUPPORT	[ 5 ]
665	KRT17 modulates the expression of the transcriptional regulator AIRE in diseased epithelia.	12,580,014	Keratin-dependent regulation of Aire and gene expression in skin tumor keratinocytes	[ "Expression of the intermediate filament protein keratin 17 (K17) is robustly upregulated in inflammatory skin diseases and in many tumors originating in stratified and pseudostratified epithelia.", "We report that autoimmune regulator (Aire), a transcriptional regulator, is inducibly expressed in human and mouse...	SUPPORT	[ 1, 2 ]
666	Kir7.1 modulates channel activity by the G protein-coupled melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.	4,469,125	G-protein-independent coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 in hypothalamic neurons	[ "The regulated release of anorexigenic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis.", "Both peptides bind with ...	SUPPORT	[ 2 ]
667	Klf2 is important for proper myeloid cell function.	6,493,422	The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.	[ "Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense.", "However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation.", "Herein, we identify the Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) as a potent regulator of myeloid cell activation in vi...	SUPPORT	[ 2, 4, 5 ]
668	Klf4 is important for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	6,493,422	The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.	[ "Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense.", "However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation.", "Herein, we identify the Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) as a potent regulator of myeloid cell activation in vi...	NEI	[]
668	Klf4 is important for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	25,148,216	Kruppel-like factor 4 is essential for inflammatory monocyte differentiation in vivo.	[ "Several members of the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors play important roles in differentiation, survival, and trafficking of blood and immune cell types.", "We demonstrate in this study that hematopoietic cells from KLF4(-/-) fetal livers (FL) contained normal numbers of functional hema...	SUPPORT	[ 0, 4, 5, 6 ]
669	Klf4 is not required for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	6,493,422	The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.	[ "Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense.", "However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation.", "Herein, we identify the Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) as a potent regulator of myeloid cell activation in vi...	NEI	[]
669	Klf4 is not required for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	25,148,216	Kruppel-like factor 4 is essential for inflammatory monocyte differentiation in vivo.	[ "Several members of the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors play important roles in differentiation, survival, and trafficking of blood and immune cell types.", "We demonstrate in this study that hematopoietic cells from KLF4(-/-) fetal livers (FL) contained normal numbers of functional hema...	CONTRADICT	[ 0, 4, 5, 6 ]
670	Knockout proximal tubule-specific deletion of the BMP receptor Alk3 causes epithelial damage.	5,573,975	Activin–like kinase–3 activity is important for kidney regeneration and reversal of fibrosis	[ "Molecules associated with the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and TGF-β, are key regulators of inflammation, apoptosis and cellular transitions.", "Here we show that the BMP receptor activin-like kinase 3 (Alk3) is elevated early in diseased kidneys afte...	SUPPORT	[ 2, 6 ]
671	Knockout proximal tubule-specific deletion of the BMP receptor Alk3 causes fibrosis.	5,573,975	Activin–like kinase–3 activity is important for kidney regeneration and reversal of fibrosis	[ "Molecules associated with the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and TGF-β, are key regulators of inflammation, apoptosis and cellular transitions.", "Here we show that the BMP receptor activin-like kinase 3 (Alk3) is elevated early in diseased kidneys afte...	SUPPORT	[ 2 ]
672	L3MBTL2 binds to H2AK119Ub marked chromatin to form a PRC1 complex.	15,635,366	The polycomb group protein L3mbtl2 assembles an atypical PRC1-family complex that is essential in pluripotent stem cells and early development.	[ "L3mbtl2 has been implicated in transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction but its biological function has not been defined.", "Here we show that disruption of L3mbtl2 results in embryonic lethality with failure of gastrulation.", "This correlates with compromised proliferation and abnormal differentia...	NEI	[]
673	LDL cholesterol has a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease.	2,095,573	LDL-cholesterol concentrations: a genome-wide association study	[ "BACKGROUND LDL cholesterol has a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease.", "Improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that underlie the metabolism and regulation of LDL cholesterol might help to identify novel therapeutic targets.", "We therefore did a genome-wide association study ...	SUPPORT	[ 0 ]
676	LRBA prevents CTLA - 4 recycling.	857,189	Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations	[ "The protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of immune responses, and its loss causes fatal autoimmunity in mice.", "We studied a large family in which five individuals presented with a complex, autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by hypogamm...	NEI	[]
677	LRBA promotes CTLA - 4 recycling.	857,189	Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations	[ "The protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of immune responses, and its loss causes fatal autoimmunity in mice.", "We studied a large family in which five individuals presented with a complex, autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by hypogamm...	NEI	[]
679	LSD1-positive promoters are associated with RNA polymerase II	13,639,330	Histone Methylation-Dependent Mechanisms Impose Ligand Dependency for Gene Activation by Nuclear Receptors	[ "Nuclear receptors undergo ligand-dependent conformational changes that are required for corepressor-coactivator exchange, but whether there is an actual requirement for specific epigenetic landmarks to impose ligand dependency for gene activation remains unknown.", "Here we report an unexpected and general strat...	NEI	[]
680	Lack of FGF21 in mice increases life expectancy.	9,315,213	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice	[ "BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.", "It acts as a key downstream target of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ, the agonists of which have been used for lipid lowering and ins...	CONTRADICT	[ 4 ]
681	Lack of FGF21 in mice leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation.	9,315,213	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice	[ "BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.", "It acts as a key downstream target of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ, the agonists of which have been used for lipid lowering and ins...	SUPPORT	[ 4, 5, 8 ]
682	Lack of FGF21 in mice leads to reduced lifespan.	9,315,213	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice	[ "BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.", "It acts as a key downstream target of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ, the agonists of which have been used for lipid lowering and ins...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
683	Lack of FGF21 in mice slows the rate of atherosclerotic plaque formation.	9,315,213	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppression of Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 and Induction of Adiponectin in Mice	[ "BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.", "It acts as a key downstream target of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ, the agonists of which have been used for lipid lowering and ins...	CONTRADICT	[ 4, 5, 8 ]
685	Lamins are associated with nuclear membrane structure maintenance.	4,452,659	Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina	[ "Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic membrane trafficking process that degrades a variety of cellular constituents and is associated with human diseases.", "Although extensive studies have focused on autophagic turnover of cytoplasmic materials, little is known about the role of aut...	NEI	[]
686	Lamins are found within the inner layer of the mitochondrial membrane of all cells.	4,452,659	Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina	[ "Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic membrane trafficking process that degrades a variety of cellular constituents and is associated with human diseases.", "Although extensive studies have focused on autophagic turnover of cytoplasmic materials, little is known about the role of aut...	NEI	[]
687	Lamins are found within the inner layer of the nuclear membrane of all cells.	4,452,659	Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina	[ "Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic membrane trafficking process that degrades a variety of cellular constituents and is associated with human diseases.", "Although extensive studies have focused on autophagic turnover of cytoplasmic materials, little is known about the role of aut...	NEI	[]
688	Lamins have no effect on nuclear membrane structure maintenance.	4,452,659	Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina	[ "Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic membrane trafficking process that degrades a variety of cellular constituents and is associated with human diseases.", "Although extensive studies have focused on autophagic turnover of cytoplasmic materials, little is known about the role of aut...	NEI	[]
689	Less than 10% of patients exposed to radiation have activated markers of mesenchymal stem cells.	22,080,671	KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis	[ "Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods for clearly identifying each of these cell types.", "Here, using Myh11-CreERT2 ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe−/− mice...	NEI	[]
694	Lice attenuated SIV vaccines induce a stronger antigen-specific T cell response in lymph node cells.	1,071,991	Lymph node T cell responses predict the efficacy of live attenuated SIV vaccines	[ "Live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines (LAVs) remain the most efficacious of all vaccines in nonhuman primate models of HIV and AIDS, yet the basis of their robust protection remains poorly understood.", "Here we show that the degree of LAV-mediated protection against intravenous wild-type ...	SUPPORT	[ 1 ]
696	Lipopolysaccharides have an inflammation independent effect on kidney barrier function.	16,355,392	Modification of kidney barrier function by the urokinase receptor	[ "Podocyte dysfunction, represented by foot process effacement and proteinuria, is often the starting point for progressive kidney disease.", "Therapies aimed at the cellular level of the disease are currently not available.", "Here we show that induction of urokinase receptor (uPAR) signaling in podocytes leads...	NEI	[]
698	Lmna knock-in models are appropriate for testing therapeutic approaches against Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS).	22,544,171	Reversal of the cellular phenotype in the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome	[ "Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a childhood premature aging disease caused by a spontaneous point mutation in lamin A (encoded by LMNA), one of the major architectural elements of the mammalian cell nucleus.", "The HGPS mutation activates an aberrant cryptic splice site in LMNA pre-mRNA, leading t...	NEI	[]
703	Localization of PIN1 in the roots of Arabidopsis requires VPS9a	4,350,400	Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions	[ "Dynamically polarized membrane proteins define different cell boundaries and have an important role in intercellular communication—a vital feature of multicellular development.", "Efflux carriers for the signalling molecule auxin from the PIN family are landmarks of cell polarity in plants and have a crucial inv...	NEI	[]
704	Long - range chromatin interactions regulate transcription.	14,658,685	Enhancer Evolution across 20 Mammalian Species	[ "The mammalian radiation has corresponded with rapid changes in noncoding regions of the genome, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory evolution in mammals.", "Here, we track the evolution of promoters and enhancers active in liver across 20 mammalian species from six diverse orders by profiling...	NEI	[]
705	Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation has no significant effects on wheezing or asthma at 3 and 6 years.	22,442,133	Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants’ allergies in first year of life: randomised controlled trial	[ "OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of pregnant women with a fetus at high risk of allergic disease reduces immunoglobulin E associated eczema or food allergy at 1 year of age. \n", "DESIGN Follow-up of infants at high hereditary risk of all...	NEI	[]
709	Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation is associated with lower rates of atopic eczema at 1 year.	22,442,133	Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants’ allergies in first year of life: randomised controlled trial	[ "OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of pregnant women with a fetus at high risk of allergic disease reduces immunoglobulin E associated eczema or food allergy at 1 year of age. \n", "DESIGN Follow-up of infants at high hereditary risk of all...	SUPPORT	[ 6, 8 ]
710	Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces wheezing and asthma.	22,442,133	Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants’ allergies in first year of life: randomised controlled trial	[ "OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of pregnant women with a fetus at high risk of allergic disease reduces immunoglobulin E associated eczema or food allergy at 1 year of age. \n", "DESIGN Follow-up of infants at high hereditary risk of all...	NEI	[]
713	Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in ovaries.	18,421,962	Assessing the ceRNA hypothesis with quantitative measurements of miRNA and target abundance.	[ "Recent studies have reported that competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) can act as sponges for a microRNA (miRNA) through their binding sites and that changes in ceRNA abundances from individual genes can modulate the activity of miRNAs.", "Consideration of this hypothesis would benefit from knowing the quantitat...	NEI	[]
714	Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in testis.	18,421,962	Assessing the ceRNA hypothesis with quantitative measurements of miRNA and target abundance.	[ "Recent studies have reported that competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) can act as sponges for a microRNA (miRNA) through their binding sites and that changes in ceRNA abundances from individual genes can modulate the activity of miRNAs.", "Consideration of this hypothesis would benefit from knowing the quantitat...	NEI	[]
717	Low nucleosome occupancy correlates with high methylation levels across species.	17,587,795	Dnmt1-Independent CG Methylation Contributes to Nucleosome Positioning in Diverse Eukaryotes	[ "Dnmt1 epigenetically propagates symmetrical CG methylation in many eukaryotes.", "Their genomes are typically depleted of CG dinucleotides because of imperfect repair of deaminated methylcytosines.", "Here, we extensively survey diverse species lacking Dnmt1 and show that, surprisingly, symmetrical CG methylat...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
724	Ly49Q directs the organization of neutrophil polarization by regulating membrane raft functions.	5,531,479	The Ly49Q receptor plays a crucial role in neutrophil polarization and migration by regulating raft trafficking.	[ "Neutrophils rapidly undergo polarization and directional movement to infiltrate the sites of infection and inflammation.", "Here, we show that an inhibitory MHC I receptor, Ly49Q, was crucial for the swift polarization of and tissue infiltration by neutrophils.", "During the steady state, Ly49Q inhibited neutr...	SUPPORT	[ 5, 6 ]
726	Ly6C hi monocytes have a higher inflammatory capacity than Ly6C lo monocytes.	7,521,113	Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.	[ "Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense.", "Emerging evidence for labor division indicates that manipulation of these cells could bear therapeutic potential.", "However, specific ontogenies of...	NEI	[]
726	Ly6C hi monocytes have a higher inflammatory capacity than Ly6C lo monocytes.	36,444,198	Subpopulations of mouse blood monocytes differ in maturation stage and inflammatory response.	[ "Blood monocytes are well-characterized precursors for macrophages and dendritic cells.", "Subsets of human monocytes with differential representation in various disease states are well known.", "In contrast, mouse monocyte subsets have been characterized minimally.", "In this study we identify three subpopul...	SUPPORT	[ 9, 10 ]
730	Lysine histone demethylase inhibitor JIB 04 is inactive against KDM5A.	13,400,643	A small molecule modulates Jumonji histone demethylase activity and selectively inhibits cancer growth	[ "The pharmacological inhibition of general transcriptional regulators has the potential to block growth through targeting multiple tumorigenic signalling pathways simultaneously.", "Here, using an innovative cell-based screen, we identify a structurally unique small molecule (named JIB-04) that specifically inhib...	NEI	[]
732	M. stadtmanae does not induce ASC speck formation in BlaER1 monocytes.	34,469,966	Human Monocytes Engage an Alternative Inflammasome Pathway.	[ "Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine whose bioactivity is controlled by activation of the inflammasome.", "However, in response to lipopolysaccharide, human monocytes secrete IL-1β independently of classical inflammasome stimuli.", "Here, we report that this constituted a species-specific response that is not ...	NEI	[]
733	M. stadtmanae induces ASC speck formation in BlaER1 monocytes.	34,469,966	Human Monocytes Engage an Alternative Inflammasome Pathway.	[ "Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine whose bioactivity is controlled by activation of the inflammasome.", "However, in response to lipopolysaccharide, human monocytes secrete IL-1β independently of classical inflammasome stimuli.", "Here, we report that this constituted a species-specific response that is not ...	NEI	[]
734	MEK inhibitors are effective treatments in RAS-driven mouse models of cancer.	4,961,038	Effective Use of PI3K and MEK Inhibitors to Treat Mutant K-Ras G12D and PIK3CA H1047R Murine Lung Cancers	[ "Somatic mutations that activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) have been identified in the p110-alpha catalytic subunit (encoded by PIK3CA).", "They are most frequently observed in two hotspots: the helical domain (E545K and E542K) and the kinase domain (H1047R).", "Although the p110-alpha mutants are transf...	SUPPORT	[ 7 ]
736	MFGE8 regulates fat absorption by binding to av-Beta3 and av-Beta5 integrins.	5,389,095	Mfge8 promotes obesity by mediating the uptake of dietary fats and serum fatty acids	[ "Fatty acids are integral mediators of energy storage, membrane formation and cell signaling.", "The pathways that orchestrate uptake of fatty acids remain incompletely understood.", "Expression of the integrin ligand Mfge8 is increased in human obesity and in mice on a high-fat diet, but its role in obesity is...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
737	MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics in many cell types.	16,562,534	Drosophila MICAL regulates myofilament organization and synaptic structure	[ "The overall size and structure of a synaptic terminal is an important determinant of its function.", "In a large-scale mutagenesis screen, designed to identify Drosophila mutants with abnormally structured neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), we discovered mutations in Drosophila mical, a conserved gene encoding a mu...	SUPPORT	[ 4, 6 ]
737	MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics in many cell types.	6,609,935	Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.	[ "The Drosophila melanogaster MICAL protein is essential for the neuronal growth cone machinery that functions through plexin- and semaphorin-mediated axonal signaling.", "Drosophila MICAL is also involved in regulating myofilament organization and synaptic structures, and serves as an actin disassembly factor dow...	SUPPORT	[ 3 ]
738	MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics.	16,562,534	Drosophila MICAL regulates myofilament organization and synaptic structure	[ "The overall size and structure of a synaptic terminal is an important determinant of its function.", "In a large-scale mutagenesis screen, designed to identify Drosophila mutants with abnormally structured neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), we discovered mutations in Drosophila mical, a conserved gene encoding a mu...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 6 ]
738	MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics.	6,609,935	Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.	[ "The Drosophila melanogaster MICAL protein is essential for the neuronal growth cone machinery that functions through plexin- and semaphorin-mediated axonal signaling.", "Drosophila MICAL is also involved in regulating myofilament organization and synaptic structures, and serves as an actin disassembly factor dow...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 4, 6 ]
738	MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics.	33,912,020	Thioredoxin mediates oxidation-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP2 and growth cone collapse.	[ "Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is a repulsive guidance molecule for axons, which acts by inducing growth cone collapse through phosphorylation of CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein 2).", "Here, we show a role for CRMP2 oxidation and thioredoxin (TRX) in the regulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and growth cone coll...	SUPPORT	[ 2, 3, 5 ]
739	MT binding domain drives amyloid structure formation.	4,446,814	Cryo-EM structures of Tau filaments from Alzheimer’s disease brain	[ "Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there are no mechanism-based therapies.", "The disease is defined by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary lesions and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex.", "Neurofibrillary lesions comprise paired helical and straight tau filaments,...	NEI	[]
740	MUC1-C activates the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway by interacting with IκB kinase ß.	23,078,022	MUC1 oncoprotein activates the IκB kinase β complex and constitutive NF-κB signalling	[ "Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is constitutively activated in diverse human malignancies by mechanisms that are not understood.", "The MUC1 oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed by most human carcinomas and, similarly to NF-κB, blocks apoptosis and induces transformation.", "This study demonstrates that overexpre...	SUPPORT	[ 8 ]
745	MafA phosphorylation decreases its ubiquitination.	11,291,348	GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation enhances Maf-transforming activity.	[ "The Maf oncoproteins are b-Zip transcription factors of the AP-1 superfamily.", "They are involved in developmental, metabolic, and tumorigenic processes.", "Maf proteins are overexpressed in about 50% of human multiple myelomas.", "Here, we show that Maf-transforming activity is controlled by GSK-3-dependen...	CONTRADICT	[ 5 ]
746	MafA phosphorylation enhances its ubiquitination.	11,291,348	GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation enhances Maf-transforming activity.	[ "The Maf oncoproteins are b-Zip transcription factors of the AP-1 superfamily.", "They are involved in developmental, metabolic, and tumorigenic processes.", "Maf proteins are overexpressed in about 50% of human multiple myelomas.", "Here, we show that Maf-transforming activity is controlled by GSK-3-dependen...	SUPPORT	[ 5 ]
747	MafA ubiquitination decreases the recruitment of coavtivator P/CAF by MafA.	11,291,348	GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation enhances Maf-transforming activity.	[ "The Maf oncoproteins are b-Zip transcription factors of the AP-1 superfamily.", "They are involved in developmental, metabolic, and tumorigenic processes.", "Maf proteins are overexpressed in about 50% of human multiple myelomas.", "Here, we show that Maf-transforming activity is controlled by GSK-3-dependen...	CONTRADICT	[ 6 ]
748	MafA ubiquitination increases the recruitment of coavtivator P/CAF by MafA.	11,291,348	GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation enhances Maf-transforming activity.	[ "The Maf oncoproteins are b-Zip transcription factors of the AP-1 superfamily.", "They are involved in developmental, metabolic, and tumorigenic processes.", "Maf proteins are overexpressed in about 50% of human multiple myelomas.", "Here, we show that Maf-transforming activity is controlled by GSK-3-dependen...	SUPPORT	[ 6 ]
749	Major antigen-induced signals from the T cell receptor and secondary signals from costimulatory receptors are required for T cell activation.	13,868,795	CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy.	[ "Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation.", "Here, we discuss the expression, structure, and biochemistry of CD28 and its ligands.", "CD28 signals play a key role in many T cell processes, including cytoskele...	SUPPORT	[ 0 ]
751	Major vault protein (MVP) leads to more aggressive tumors by regulating the sorting of tumor suppressive miR-193a into extracellular vesicles (EVs).	19,800,147	MVP-mediated exosomal sorting of miR-193a promotes colon cancer progression	[ "Exosomes are emerging mediators of intercellular communication; whether the release of exosomes has an effect on the exosome donor cells in addition to the recipient cells has not been investigated to any extent.", "Here, we examine different exosomal miRNA expression profiles in primary mouse colon tumour, live...	SUPPORT	[ 4, 7 ]
752	Major vault protein regulates sorting of tumor suppressive miR-193a into EVs.	19,800,147	MVP-mediated exosomal sorting of miR-193a promotes colon cancer progression	[ "Exosomes are emerging mediators of intercellular communication; whether the release of exosomes has an effect on the exosome donor cells in addition to the recipient cells has not been investigated to any extent.", "Here, we examine different exosomal miRNA expression profiles in primary mouse colon tumour, live...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
753	Malaria has a high vectorial capacity.	1,173,667	Ranking of elimination feasibility between malaria-endemic countries	[ "Experience gained from the Global Malaria Eradication Program (1955-72) identified a set of shared technical and operational factors that enabled some countries to successfully eliminate malaria.", "Spatial data for these factors were assembled for all malaria-endemic countries and combined to provide an objecti...	NEI	[]
755	Many cytokines that are produced by cancer cells also contribute to carcinogenesis.	17,844,478	Autocrine VEGF Signaling Synergizes with EGFR in Tumor Cells to Promote Epithelial Cancer Development	[ "It is established that tumor cell-derived VEGF acts on endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis and tumor growth.", "Here, we demonstrate that in K5-SOS-dependent mouse skin tumors, autocrine VEGF is required for tumor cell proliferation in a cell-autonomous and angiogenesis-independent manner.", "VEGF is upr...	NEI	[]
757	Many transmembrane receptors transmit signals by long-range conformational changes in the association of alpha-helices across the plasma membrane.	17,123,657	Dynamic Helix Interactions in Transmembrane Signaling	[ "Studying how protein transmembrane domains transmit signals across membranes is beset by unique challenges.", "Here, we discuss the circumstances that have led to success and reflect on what has been learned from these examples.", "Such efforts suggest that some of the most interesting properties of transmembr...	NEI	[]
758	Marmosets have a brain region homologous to Broca's area.	14,195,528	Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal communication.	[ "The role of primate frontal cortex in vocal communication and its significance in language evolution have a controversial history.", "While evidence indicates that vocalization processing occurs in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex neurons, vocal-motor activity has been conjectured to be primarily subcortical and ...	NEI	[]
760	Mathematical models predict that using Artemisinin-based combination therapy over nongametocytocidal drugs have only a modest impact in reducing malaria transmission.	1,805,641	Modelling the Impact of Artemisinin Combination Therapy and Long-Acting Treatments on Malaria Transmission Intensity	[ "BACKGROUND Artemisinin derivatives used in recently introduced combination therapies (ACTs) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria significantly lower patient infectiousness and have the potential to reduce population-level transmission of the parasite.", "With the increased interest in malaria elimination, understan...	SUPPORT	[ 13 ]
761	MeCP2 influences the synaptic maturation of neurons.	10,009,203	Structural Homeostasis: Compensatory Adjustments of Dendritic Arbor Geometry in Response to Variations of Synaptic Input	[ "As the nervous system develops, there is an inherent variability in the connections formed between differentiating neurons.", "Despite this variability, neural circuits form that are functional and remarkably robust.", "One way in which neurons deal with variability in their inputs is through compensatory, hom...	NEI	[]
762	Measuring routine outcomes is more beneficial to clinical practice than assessing treatment adherence.	4,695,046	Anxiety	[ "OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of routinely administered psychiatric questionnaires on the recognition, management, and outcome of psychiatric disorders in non-psychiatric settings. \n", "DATA SOURCES Embase, Medline, PsycLIT, Cinahl, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and hand searches of key journals. ...	NEI	[]
764	Medications to treat obesity are highly effective.	7,552,215	Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis.	[ "OBJECTIVE To summarise the long term efficacy of anti-obesity drugs in reducing weight and improving health status. \n", "DESIGN Updated meta-analysis of randomised trials. \n", "DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register, the Current Science meta-register of controlled trials, a...	CONTRADICT	[ 8, 12 ]
765	Medications to treat obesity do not have side effects.	7,552,215	Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis.	[ "OBJECTIVE To summarise the long term efficacy of anti-obesity drugs in reducing weight and improving health status. \n", "DESIGN Updated meta-analysis of randomised trials. \n", "DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register, the Current Science meta-register of controlled trials, a...	CONTRADICT	[ 10, 11, 12 ]
766	Medications to treat obesity have unwanted side effects.	7,552,215	Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis.	[ "OBJECTIVE To summarise the long term efficacy of anti-obesity drugs in reducing weight and improving health status. \n", "DESIGN Updated meta-analysis of randomised trials. \n", "DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register, the Current Science meta-register of controlled trials, a...	SUPPORT	[ 10, 11, 12 ]
767	Men are more susceptible to death due to pneumonia when compared to women.	2,488,880	Gender-dependent differences in outcome after the treatment of infection in hospitalized patients.	[ "CONTEXT While it is established that management strategies and outcomes differ by gender for many diseases, its effect on infection has not been adequately studied. \n", "OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of gender among hospitalized patients treated for infection. \n", "DESIGN Observational cohort study c...	CONTRADICT	[ 10 ]
771	Metastatic colorectal cancer treated with a single agent fluoropyrimidines resulted in similar efficacy and better quality of life when compared with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in elderly patients.	15,476,777	Chemotherapy options in elderly and frail patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS2): an open-label, randomised factorial trial	[ "BACKGROUND Elderly and frail patients with cancer, although often treated with chemotherapy, are under-represented in clinical trials.", "We designed FOCUS2 to investigate reduced-dose chemotherapy options and to seek objective predictors of outcome in frail patients with advanced colorectal cancer. \n", "ME...	CONTRADICT	[ 16 ]
772	Mice are incapable of producing neutralizing antibodies in reponse to the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) produced in mosquitos.	24,922,825	A chikungunya fever vaccine utilizing an insect-specific virus platform	[ "Traditionally, vaccine development involves tradeoffs between immunogenicity and safety.", "Live-attenuated vaccines typically offer rapid and durable immunity but have reduced safety when compared to inactivated vaccines.", "In contrast, the inability of inactivated vaccines to replicate enhances safety at th...	CONTRADICT	[ 7 ]
774	Mice defective for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase I (polI) fail to reveal increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR).	32,275,758	Nonoverlapping functions of DNA polymerases mu, lambda, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase during immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination in vivo.	[ "DNA polymerases mu (pol mu), lambda (pol lambda), and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) are enzymes of the pol X family that share homology in sequence and functional domain organization.", "We showed previously that pol mu participates in light chain but surprisingly not heavy chain gene rearrangement....	NEI	[]
776	Mice defective for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase m (polm) fail to reveal increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR).	32,275,758	Nonoverlapping functions of DNA polymerases mu, lambda, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase during immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination in vivo.	[ "DNA polymerases mu (pol mu), lambda (pol lambda), and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) are enzymes of the pol X family that share homology in sequence and functional domain organization.", "We showed previously that pol mu participates in light chain but surprisingly not heavy chain gene rearrangement....	NEI	[]
777	Mice defective for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase m (polm) reveal increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR).	32,275,758	Nonoverlapping functions of DNA polymerases mu, lambda, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase during immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination in vivo.	[ "DNA polymerases mu (pol mu), lambda (pol lambda), and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) are enzymes of the pol X family that share homology in sequence and functional domain organization.", "We showed previously that pol mu participates in light chain but surprisingly not heavy chain gene rearrangement....	NEI	[]

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