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4,500 | Some of the performance parameters in the superblock included number of tracks and sectors, disk rotation speed, head speed, and alignment of the sectors between tracks. In a fully optimized system, the head could be moved between close tracks to read scattered sectors from alternating tracks while waiting for the plat... | Berkeley Fast File System | 0.832342 |
4,501 | Chemistry concerns itself with how electron sharing binds atoms into structures such as crystals and molecules. The subatomic particles considered important in the understanding of chemistry are the electron, the proton, and the neutron. Nuclear physics deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei. | Sub-atomic particle | 0.832339 |
4,502 | Electrical engineering is the design, study, and manufacture of various electrical and electronic systems, such as broadcast engineering, electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems,... | Engineering | 0.832338 |
4,503 | This problem is sometimes solved iteratively/hierarchically, by first searching for the largest jump and then repeating the search in both sub-sections until they are too small. This does not always produce good results. A direct way to solve the problem is by an efficient optimization method called dynamic programming... | Homogenization (climate) | 0.832337 |
4,504 | In the United States, enrollment in AP Statistics classes has increased at a higher rate than in any other AP class.Students may receive college credit or upper-level college course placement upon passing the three-hour exam ordinarily administered in May. The exam consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-respo... | AP Statistics | 0.832334 |
4,505 | For example, they are not good at classifying objects into fine-grained classes, such as the particular breed of dog or species of bird, whereas convolutional neural networks handle this with ease.Several specialized tasks based on recognition exist, such as: Content-based image retrieval – finding all images in a larg... | Computer Vision | 0.832333 |
4,506 | The structure of Q immediately points to a difference with the partial order structure of a classical proposition system. In the classical case, given a proposition p, the equations ⊤=p∨q and ⊥=p∧qhave exactly one solution, namely the set-theoretic complement of p. In the case of the lattice of projections there are in... | Quantum Logic | 0.832332 |
4,507 | Zeta potential is the electrical potential at the slipping plane. This plane is the interface which separates mobile fluid from fluid that remains attached to the surface. Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal dispersions. In the colloidal chemistry literature, it is usually deno... | Henry's equation | 0.83233 |
4,508 | The structure of the scheme of the tests involved in a non-adaptive procedure is known as a pooling design. Group testing has many applications, including statistics, biology, computer science, medicine, engineering and cyber security. Modern interest in these testing schemes has been rekindled by the Human Genome Proj... | Group testing | 0.832323 |
4,509 | The studies leading to the following degrees were introduced: electrical engineering (mechatronics) and technics and informatics. This was particularly justified in the academic year 1998–99 by introduction of the department that offered undergraduate studies in computer engineering and industrial management. | University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences | 0.832321 |
4,510 | Examples are assigning a given email to the "spam" or "non-spam" class, and assigning a diagnosis to a given patient based on observed characteristics of the patient (sex, blood pressure, presence or absence of certain symptoms, etc.). Classification is an example of pattern recognition. statistical relational learning... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.832319 |
4,511 | Artificial neural networks (ANNs) resolves these issues by scanning the data to develop internal representations of the relationship between the data. By determining the relationship over time, ANNs are more responsive and adaptive to structural changes in the data. There are two models for ANNs: supervised learning an... | IPO underpricing algorithm | 0.832316 |
4,512 | In computer science, the median of medians is an approximate median selection algorithm, frequently used to supply a good pivot for an exact selection algorithm, most commonly quickselect, that selects the kth smallest element of an initially unsorted array. Median of medians finds an approximate median in linear time.... | Median of medians | 0.832315 |
4,513 | In biochemistry, researchers often break down complicated biological systems into their component parts. They study the effects of foods, drugs, allergens and other substances on living tissues; they research molecular biology, the study of life at the molecular level and the study of genes and gene expression; and the... | Biochemist | 0.832313 |
4,514 | For less ideal cases, such as more complicated geometry, or when the current and electric field vary in different parts of the material, it is necessary to use a more general expression in which the resistivity at a particular point is defined as the ratio of the electric field to the density of the current it creates ... | Specific conductivity | 0.832313 |
4,515 | The following groups have property FA: A finitely generated torsion group; SL3(Z); The Schwarz group ⟨ a , b: a A = b B = ( a b ) C = 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle \left\langle {a,b:a^{A}=b^{B}=(ab)^{C}=1}\right\rangle } for integers A,B,C ≥ 2; SL2(R) where R is the ring of integers of an algebraic number field which is not Q or ... | Serre's property FA | 0.832311 |
4,516 | A result due to Ben Green and Imre Ruzsa generalized Freiman's theorem to arbitrary abelian groups. They used an analogous notion to generalized arithmetic progressions, which they called coset progressions. A coset progression of an abelian group G {\displaystyle G} is a set P + H {\displaystyle P+H} for a proper gene... | Freiman's theorem | 0.83231 |
4,517 | Early chatbot systems, including Cleverbot created by Rollo Carpenter in 1988 and published in 1997, reply to questions by identifying how a human has responded to the same question in a conversation database using information retrieval (IR) techniques. Modern chatbot systems predominantly rely on machine learning (ML)... | Natural-language generation | 0.832308 |
4,518 | The missing Y chromosome was added in January 2022. Since the late 1990s, computational biology has become an important part of biology, leading to numerous subfields. Today, the International Society for Computational Biology recognizes 21 different 'Communities of Special Interest', each representing a slice of the l... | Computational evolutionary biology | 0.832308 |
4,519 | The nine fields given were business administration, computer science, engineering, humanities and education, law, library science, medicine, physical and life sciences, and social science and social work. "Similarity group", who were given a personality sketch. "Tom W. is of high intelligence, although lacking in true ... | Representativeness heuristic | 0.832306 |
4,520 | Jessie relies on the Why or Why3 back-end to enable proof obligations to be sent to automatic theorem provers like Z3, Simplify, Alt-Ergo or interactive theorem provers like Coq or Why. Using Jessie, an implementation of bubble-sort or a toy e-voting system Archived 2013-04-14 at archive.today can be proved to satisfy ... | Frama-C | 0.832306 |
4,521 | Due to a major advancement in industrial and commercial construction, in conjunction with a highly increased emphasis on energy efficiency, it is not uncommon for colleges and universities to have courses and degrees specifically allocated to facilities engineering. For example, in the late 1990s Purdue University crea... | Facilities engineering | 0.832305 |
4,522 | The SSM serves two purposes: it provides estimates for the helium abundance and mixing length parameter by forcing the stellar model to have the correct luminosity and radius at the Sun's age, it provides a way to evaluate more complex models with additional physics, such as rotation, magnetic fields and diffusion or i... | Standard Solar Model | 0.832302 |
4,523 | Subtraction games are generally impartial games, meaning that the set of moves available in a given position does not depend on the player whose turn it is to move. For such a game, the states can be divided up into P {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} -positions (positions in which the previous player, who just moved, is ... | Subtraction game | 0.832301 |
4,524 | In chemistry, a regular solution is a solution whose entropy of mixing is equal to that of an ideal solution with the same composition, but is non-ideal due to a nonzero enthalpy of mixing. Such a solution is formed by random mixing of components of similar molar volume and without strong specific interactions, and its... | Regular solution | 0.832298 |
4,525 | Goldschmidt (1972a, 1972b) proved this under the assumption that A {\displaystyle A} had rank at least 4 or was a 2-group of rank at least 3. Bender (1975) gave a simple proof for 2-groups using the ZJ theorem, and a proof in a similar spirit has been given for all primes by Flavell (2007). Glauberman (1976) gave the d... | Signalizer functor theorem | 0.832298 |
4,526 | Diagnostic microbiology is the study of microbial identification. Since the discovery of the germ theory of disease, scientists have been finding ways to harvest specific organisms. Using methods such as differential media or genome sequencing, physicians and scientists can observe novel functions in organisms for more... | Diagnostic microbiology | 0.832294 |
4,527 | There are many developmental questions to be considered, but Edelman is able to succinctly summarize the problem in a way that will show a clear explanatory path forward for him. The developmental genetic question defines the problem - and, the theoretical approach for him. "How does a one-dimensional genetic code spec... | Neuronal group selection | 0.832292 |
4,528 | The Faculty of Electrical Engineering represents a complex, modernly organized teaching and scientific institution. Within its teaching activities, the Faculty organizes and realizes undergraduate, specialist, postgraduate and doctoral studies. | University of Montenegro Faculty of Electrical Engineering | 0.832292 |
4,529 | These theorems provide necessary conditions for planarity that are not sufficient conditions, and therefore can only be used to prove a graph is not planar, not that it is planar. If both theorem 1 and 2 fail, other methods may be used. Whitney's planarity criterion gives a characterization based on the existence of an... | Maximal planar graph | 0.832288 |
4,530 | : 595 Nonetheless, the statistics was insufficient "to prove that the decisionmakers in his case acted with discriminatory purpose. ": 596 It was further argued that there were "inherent limitations of the statistical proof",: 596 because it did not refer to the specifics of the individual. Despite the statistical demo... | Statistical proof | 0.832286 |
4,531 | Therefore, by the Third Isomorphism Theorem, every finite group of exponent n with m generators is isomorphic to B0(m,n)/(N/M) — in other words, it is a homomorphic image of B0(m, n). The restricted Burnside problem then asks whether B0(m, n) is a finite group. In the case of the prime exponent p, this problem was exte... | Restricted Burnside problem | 0.832285 |
4,532 | Electric current can be passed through magnetic superlattices in two ways. In the current in plane (CIP) geometry, the current flows along the layers, and the electrodes are located on one side of the structure. In the current perpendicular to plane (CPP) configuration, the current is passed perpendicular to the layers... | Giant Magnetoresistance | 0.832282 |
4,533 | Book 1 also includes 48 propositions, which can be loosely divided into those concerning basics theorems of plane geometry (1–26); theories on parallel lines (27–32); theories on parallelograms (33–45); and the Pythagorean theorem (46–48). The last of these includes the earliest surviving proof of the Pythagorean theor... | Euclid | 0.832277 |
4,534 | 1878. Elements of Dynamic: An Introduction to the Study of Motion And Rest In Solid And Fluid Bodies.Book I: "Translations" Book II: "Rotations" Book III: "Strains" 1878. "Applications of Grassmann's Extensive Algebra." | William Kingdon Clifford | 0.832274 |
4,535 | With regard to materials science, a material is said to be "Newtonian" if it exhibits a linear relationship between stress and strain rate. | Newtonian material | 0.832272 |
4,536 | The geometry of the dynode chain is such that a cascade occurs with an exponentially-increasing number of electrons being produced at each stage. For example, if at each stage an average of 5 new electrons are produced for each incoming electron, and if there are 12 dynode stages, then at the last stage one expects for... | Electrostatic photomultiplier | 0.832272 |
4,537 | Solving a homogeneous Diophantine equation is generally a very difficult problem, even in the simplest non-trivial case of three indeterminates (in the case of two indeterminates the problem is equivalent with testing if a rational number is the dth power of another rational number). A witness of the difficulty of the ... | Diophantine problem | 0.832268 |
4,538 | Stratospheric temperature measurements beginning in the 1970s also showed maximum values near 1986 solstice. The majority of this variability is believed to occur due to changes in the viewing geometry. | Uranus Dark Spot | 0.832264 |
4,539 | For example, a significance level of 0.1 means that the algorithm can make at most 10% erroneous predictions. To meet this requirement, the output is a set prediction, instead of a point prediction produced by standard supervised machine learning models. | Conformal prediction | 0.832263 |
4,540 | In March 2005, two groups of scientists carried out measurements using this technique with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The two teams, from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, led by David Charbonneau, and the Goddard Space Flight Center, led by L. D. Deming, studied the planets TrES-1 and HD 209458b respe... | Transiting exoplanet | 0.832258 |
4,541 | In 2019, PBS partnered with Kaggle to create the 2019 Data Science Bowl. The DataScience Bowl sought machine learning insights from researchers and developers, specifically into how digital media can better facilitate early-childhood STEM learning outcomes. Datasets, like those hosted by Kaggle PBS and Carnegie Learnin... | Learning engineering | 0.832258 |
4,542 | However, the limitations of this study would be that it only had 15 participants and the mean age was 24.Machine learning algorithms applied to EEG data have also been used to decode whether a subject believed or disbelieved a statement reaching ~90% accuracy. This work was an extension to work by Sam Harris and collea... | Lie detection | 0.832257 |
4,543 | Their paper formed the basis for further study over the subsequent three decades. However, the relative proportions of the phases and their subdivisions are still not well understood.The basic physics behind these phases can be understood through the behaviour of hydrogen, since this is by far the largest constituent o... | Interstellar magnetic field | 0.832254 |
4,544 | Basic conceptsField (mathematics) Subfield (mathematics) Multiplicative group Primitive element (field theory) Field extension Algebraic extension Splitting field Algebraically closed field Algebraic element Algebraic closure Separable extension Separable polynomial Normal extension Galois extension Abelian extension T... | List of abstract algebra topics | 0.832253 |
4,545 | There are a number of classes of mathematical objects for which the problem of isomorphism is a GI-complete problem. A number of them are graphs endowed with additional properties or restrictions: digraphs labelled graphs, with the proviso that an isomorphism is not required to preserve the labels, but only the equival... | Graph isomorphism problem | 0.832251 |
4,546 | U+030D ◌̍ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE (integral) U+030E ◌̎ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE (second integral) U+25AD ▭ WHITE RECTANGLE (integral) U+20DE ◌⃞ COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE (integral) U+1DE0 ◌ᷠ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER N (nth derivative)Newton's notation is generally used when the independent variab... | Lagrange's notation | 0.83225 |
4,547 | Enumerative problems in mathematics often concern a class of geometric objects called algebraic varieties which are defined by the vanishing of polynomials. For example, the Clebsch cubic (see the illustration) is defined using a certain polynomial of degree three in four variables. A celebrated result of nineteenth-ce... | Mirror manifold | 0.83225 |
4,548 | A physical quantity introduced in chemistry; usually determined indirectly. If mass and substance type of the sample are known, then atomic- or molecular masses (taken from a periodic table, masses measured by mass spectrometry) give direct access to the value of the amount of substance. (See also Molar mass.) If speci... | List of measuring instruments | 0.832242 |
4,549 | This part of the proof of the odd-order theorem takes over 100 journal pages. A key step is the proof of the Thompson uniqueness theorem, stating that abelian subgroups of normal rank at least 3 are contained in a unique maximal subgroup, which means that the primes p for which the Sylow p-subgroups have normal rank at... | Odd order theorem | 0.832242 |
4,550 | : 19-- It does not require to compute the topological degree - it only requires to compute the signs of function values. The number of required evaluations is at least log 2 ( D / ϵ ) {\displaystyle \log _{2}(D/\epsilon )} , where D is the length of the longest edge of the characteristic polyhedron. : 11, Lemma.4.7 N... | Root-finding method | 0.83224 |
4,551 | In computational chemistry, distributed multipole analysis (DMA) is a compact and accurate way of describing the spatial distribution of electric charge within a molecule. | Distributed multipole analysis | 0.832238 |
4,552 | Nobody has yet been able to determine conclusively whether NP-complete problems are in fact solvable in polynomial time, making this one of the great unsolved problems of mathematics. The Clay Mathematics Institute is offering a US$1 million reward to anyone who has a formal proof that P=NP or that P≠NP.The existence o... | NP completeness | 0.832237 |
4,553 | Along the same lines, most electronic effects (capacitance, electrical conductance, electric-field screening) involve the physics of electrons passing through surfaces and/or near interfaces. The full description of these effects, in a band structure picture, requires at least a rudimentary model of electron-electron i... | Band theory of solids | 0.832233 |
4,554 | A commutative ring is a set, equipped with an addition and multiplication operation, satisfying all the axioms of a field, except for the existence of multiplicative inverses a−1. For example, the integers Z form a commutative ring, but not a field: the reciprocal of an integer n is not itself an integer, unless n = ±1... | Field theory (mathematics) | 0.832233 |
4,555 | Algebra (from Arabic الجبر (al-jabr) 'reunion of broken parts, bonesetting') () is the study of variables and the rules for manipulating these variables in formulas; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics.Elementary algebra deals with the manipulation of variables (commonly represented by Roman letters... | Diagrammatic algebra | 0.832232 |
4,556 | Although Dirac's original intentions were satisfied, his equation had far deeper implications for the structure of matter and introduced new mathematical classes of objects that are now essential elements of fundamental physics. The new elements in this equation are the four 4 × 4 matrices α1, α2, α3 and β, and the fou... | Dirac equation | 0.832231 |
4,557 | Frobenius also has proved the following fundamental theorem: If a positive integer n divides the order |G| of a finite group G, then the number of solutions of the equation xn = 1 in G is equal to kn for some positive integer k. He also posed the following problem: If, in the above theorem, k = 1, then the solutions of... | Ferdinand Georg Frobenius | 0.832231 |
4,558 | Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology. Botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to a broad range of stimuli, including chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxi... | Plant perception (physiology) | 0.832228 |
4,559 | Back electromotive force (EMF) is also known as the counter-electromotive force. It is the voltage that occurs in electric motors from the relative motion between the stator windings and the rotor’s magnetic field. The rotor's geometry determines the waveform's shape.This effect is not unique to permanent magnet motors... | Permanent-magnet motor | 0.832225 |
4,560 | Along with the overall students’ achievement data, TIMSS comprehensive assessments include data on student performance in various mathematics and science domains (algebra, geometry, biology, chemistry, etc.) and on performance in the problem solving challenges in each of these contexts. In addition, TIMSS provides cont... | Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study | 0.832222 |
4,561 | Richman wanted to include a question on geometry in the exam, and he noticed that it was difficult to find (what is now called) an odd equidissection of a square. Richman proved to himself that it was impossible for 3 or 5, that the existence of an n-equidissection implies the existence of an (n + 2)-dissection, and th... | Equidissection | 0.832222 |
4,562 | Each convolutional neuron processes data only for its receptive field. Although fully connected feedforward neural networks can be used to learn features and classify data, this architecture is generally impractical for larger inputs (e.g., high-resolution images), which would require massive numbers of neurons because... | Convolutional neural networks | 0.83222 |
4,563 | TL = True-Length; EV = Edge View. Figs. 1-3 below demonstrate (1) Descriptive geometry, general solutions and (2) simultaneously, a potential standard for presenting such solutions in orthographic, multiview, layout formats. | Descriptive Geometry | 0.832216 |
4,564 | Watching the timetable and moderating the discussion is entrusted to the chairperson.The first few Physics Fights of the tournament are selective fights. Each team meets different competitors at random. Depending on the number of battles won and the number of points obtained, each team gets its rating, and the nine top... | Ukrainian Physicists' Tournament for University Students | 0.832214 |
4,565 | The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in which children at fourth-grade (average 10 to 11 years) and eighth-grade (average 14 to 15 years) from 49 countries were tested on mathematical comprehension. The assessment included tests for number, algebra (also called patterns and relationships at... | Numeracy | 0.83221 |
4,566 | Naturally, point and surface interactions coincide for d=1. Both surface and point interactions have a long history in quantum mechanics, and there exists a sizeable literature on so-called surface delta potentials or delta-sphere interactions. | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.832208 |
4,567 | The spectra of the Sun and other stars were similar, so it appeared that the relative abundance of elements in the universe was like that in Earth's crust. Payne consequently described her results as "spurious". : 186 A few years later, astronomer Otto Struve described her work as "the most brilliant PhD thesis ever wr... | Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin | 0.832207 |
4,568 | Investigates the common underpinning mechanisms of evolution, infection and resistance to therapy into bolster understanding of bacteria, viruses and parasites, with a particular interest in malaria. It also explores the effects of genome variation on the biology of host-pathogen interactions, in particular host respon... | Wellcome Sanger Institute | 0.832202 |
4,569 | The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere is important for atmospheric chemistry especially as the infrared and near infrared spectra are easy to observe. Standard (atmospheric optical) codes are assigned to absorption bands as follows. 0.718 μm (visible): α, 0.810 μm: μ, 0.935 μm: ρστ, 1.13 μm: φ, 1.38 μm: ψ, 1.88... | Water absorption | 0.832201 |
4,570 | For example, mutually opposing signals may be activated at the same time by different ligands, and the cell can interpret these signals as a whole. Signal transduction pathways are widely studied in biology as they provide mechanistic understanding of how a cell operates and takes critical decisions (e.g. to multiply, ... | Hes3 signaling axis | 0.832199 |
4,571 | When considering elective genetic testing, it is important to take into account the type and goals of testing. Providers and patients should be familiar with differing testing methodologies the potential results from each test. For many individuals, factors such as test cost, scope, and deliverables, in combination wit... | Elective genetic and genomic testing | 0.832199 |
4,572 | The electric potential of a point charge q located on the z-axis at z = a {\displaystyle z=a} (Fig. 1) equals If the radius r of the observation point is greater than a, we may factor out 1 r {\textstyle {\frac {1}{r}}} and expand the square root in powers of ( a / r ) < 1 {\displaystyle (a/r)<1} using Legendre polynom... | Axial multipole moments | 0.832189 |
4,573 | Set theory is used to introduce students to logical operators (NOT, AND, OR), and semantic or rule description (technically intensional definition) of sets (e.g. "months starting with the letter A"), which may be useful when learning computer programming, since boolean logic is used in various programming languages. Li... | Theory of sets | 0.832188 |
4,574 | The first step in solving a quantum chemical problem is usually solving the Schrödinger equation (or Dirac equation in relativistic quantum chemistry) with the electronic molecular Hamiltonian, usually making use of the Born-Oppenheimer (B-O) approximation. This is called determining the electronic structure of the mol... | Quantum Chemistry | 0.832187 |
4,575 | Includes no equivalents of Choice or the axiom schema of Replacement.Hence ZU is closer to the Zermelo set theory of 1908, namely ZFC minus Choice, Replacement, and Foundation. It is stronger than this theory, however, since cardinals and ordinals can be defined, despite the absence of Choice, using Scott's trick and t... | Scott–Potter set theory | 0.832187 |
4,576 | Typically, each combination of parameter choices is checked using cross validation, and the parameters with best cross-validation accuracy are picked. Alternatively, recent work in Bayesian optimization can be used to select λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and γ {\displaystyle \gamma } , often requiring the evaluation of fa... | Support-vector machine | 0.832186 |
4,577 | The scale of the desired measurement will help decide which type of microscope will be used. For 3D measurements, the probe is commanded to scan over a 2D area on the surface. The spacing between data points may not be the same in both directions. In some cases, the physics of the measuring instrument may have a large ... | Surface metrology | 0.832184 |
4,578 | Therefore no reasoning about Infinitesimals. (#354) Take away the signs from Arithmetic & Algebra, & pray what remains? | George Berkeley | 0.832181 |
4,579 | One consequence of this analysis is to put a lower bound on the size of possible "inverted position" problems, in which the cells initially occupied are left empty and vice versa. Any solution to such a problem must contain a minimum of 11 moves, irrespective of the exact details of the problem. It can be proved using ... | Peg solitaire | 0.832176 |
4,580 | Three to four glycosylation sites exist in the vesicular matrix on a loop between TMD I and TMD II. In biology, the vesicle matrix refers to the material or tissue between cells in which more specialized structures are embedded. Two of the glycosylation sites, the N-linked glycosylation terminal and C-linked terminal, ... | VMAT inhibitor | 0.832173 |
4,581 | This consideration is not seen in the following example because each node is connected to both of the other nodes. Each y k i {\displaystyle y_{ki}} defines one element of the N × N {\displaystyle N\times {N}} matrix. From the general case where N is greater than 2, it is desirable to solve these equations as a system,... | Nodal admittance matrix | 0.832171 |
4,582 | It uses a steady review of all previous material, with a focus on students who struggle with retaining the math they previously learned. However, it has sometimes been criticized for its heavy emphasis on rote rather than conceptual learning.The Saxon Math 1 to Algebra 1/2 (the equivalent of a Pre-Algebra book) curricu... | Saxon math | 0.83217 |
4,583 | If the feet differ, there are more isomers. When two feet are the same, and one is different there are three arrangements, two of which are enantiomers of each other. When there are three different legs, there are six possible isomers, but two are enantiomers of another pair and two are symmetric.Atoms with five coordi... | Tetradentate chelating agent | 0.832169 |
4,584 | Di- and tripoly- (or tri-) phosphate esters, etc. are also possible. Any -OH groups on the phosphates in these ester molecules may lose H+ ions to form anions, again depending on the pH in a solution. In the biochemistry of living organisms, there are many kinds of (mono)phosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate compoun... | HPO3 | 0.832168 |
4,585 | Points, considered within the framework of Euclidean geometry, are one of the most fundamental objects. Euclid originally defined the point as "that which has no part". In the two-dimensional Euclidean plane, a point is represented by an ordered pair (x, y) of numbers, where the first number conventionally represents t... | Euclidean point | 0.832168 |
4,586 | In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, meaning that the 1s, 2s and 2p subshells are occupied by 2, ... | Electron configuration | 0.832168 |
4,587 | For SOLiD data, the format is modified to a color space FASTQ sequence (CSFASTQ), where bases in the sequence are combined with the numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3, indicating how bases are modified relative to the previous base in the sequence (0: no change; 1: transition; 2: non-complementary transversion; 3: complementary tr... | FASTQ format | 0.832165 |
4,588 | Theoretical results in machine learning mainly deal with a type of inductive learning called supervised learning. In supervised learning, an algorithm is given samples that are labeled in some useful way. For example, the samples might be descriptions of mushrooms, and the labels could be whether or not the mushrooms a... | Theoretical computer scientist | 0.832164 |
4,589 | The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study. PCR was invented in 1983 by American biochemist Kary Mullis at Cetus Cor... | Applications of PCR | 0.832163 |
4,590 | Generally, all forms of machine learning can be employed for the categorization of multimedia descriptions: 125 though some methods are more frequently used in one area than another. For example, hidden Markov models are state-of-the-art in speech recognition, while dynamic time warping – a semantically related method ... | Multimedia information retrieval | 0.832162 |
4,591 | The key point in the proof was using Zilber's Trichotomy in differential fields to show certain arithmetically defined groups are locally modular.In online machine learning, the Littlestone dimension of a concept class is a complexity measure characterizing learnability, analogous to the VC-dimension in PAC learning. B... | Stability (model theory) | 0.832162 |
4,592 | One of Jevons's contemporaries, Hermann von Helmholtz, who was interested in non-Euclidean geometry, discussed two groups of two-dimensional creatures with one group living in the plane while the other living in the surface of a sphere. He asserted that since these creatures were embedded in two dimensions, they would ... | Logical piano | 0.83215 |
4,593 | Each boron atom binds to four or five other boron atoms (see illustration in article from Brown University). Lai-Sheng Wang, professor of chemistry at Brown University, modeled possible B40 structures on computer. Two forms were predicted – a sheet-like structure and a closed cage. Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed t... | Borospherene | 0.832149 |
4,594 | In human biology, the testosterone-cortisol ratio describes the ratio between testosterone, the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid, and cortisol, another steroid hormone, in the human body.The ratio is often used as a biomarker of physiological stress in athletes during training, during athletic performan... | Testosterone-cortisol ratio | 0.832148 |
4,595 | BIOSCI, also known as Bionet, is a set of electronic communication forum used by life scientists around the world. It includes the Bionet Usenet newsgroups and parallel e-mail lists, with public archives since 1992 at www.bio.net. BIOSCI/Bionet provides public, open access biology news and discussion for areas such as ... | BIOSCI | 0.832147 |
4,596 | The theorem can be generalized to higher dimensions: an n-dimensional hypercube can only be divided into simplices of equal volume, if the number of simplices is a multiple of n!. == References == | Monsky's theorem | 0.832147 |
4,597 | In mathematics, in algebra, in the realm of group theory, a subgroup H {\displaystyle H} of a finite group G {\displaystyle G} is said to be semipermutable if H {\displaystyle H} commutes with every subgroup K {\displaystyle K} whose order is relatively prime to that of H {\displaystyle H} . Clearly, every permutable s... | Semipermutable subgroup | 0.832147 |
4,598 | Triangulation today is used for many purposes, including surveying, navigation, metrology, astrometry, binocular vision, model rocketry and, in the military, the gun direction, the trajectory and distribution of fire power of weapons. The use of triangles to estimate distances dates to antiquity. In the 6th century BC,... | Triangulation in three dimensions | 0.832145 |
4,599 | Power electronics converters are used in renewable energy, energy storage, electric vehicles and high-voltage direct current transmission. These converters are failure-prone, which can interrupt service and require costly maintenance or catastrophic consequences in mission critical applications. AI can guide the design... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.832141 |
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