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4,700 | This "diproton argument" is disputed by other physicists, who calculate that as long as the increase in strength is less than 50%, stellar fusion could occur despite the existence of stable diprotons.The precise formulation of the idea is made difficult by the fact that we do not yet know how many independent physical ... | Fine tuned universe | 0.831958 |
4,701 | In reverse mathematics, there is a significant difference in proof strength between the version of Ramsey's theorem for infinite graphs (the case n = 2) and for infinite multigraphs (the case n ≥ 3). The multigraph version of the theorem is equivalent in strength to the arithmetical comprehension axiom, making it part ... | Ramsey theorem | 0.831957 |
4,702 | Another example might be to predict whether a Nepalese voter will vote Nepali Congress or Communist Party of Nepal or Any Other Party, based on age, income, sex, race, state of residence, votes in previous elections, etc. The technique can also be used in engineering, especially for predicting the probability of failur... | Logit regression | 0.831957 |
4,703 | The study of algebraic equations is probably as old as mathematics: the Babylonian mathematicians, as early as 2000 BC could solve some kinds of quadratic equations (displayed on Old Babylonian clay tablets). Univariate algebraic equations over the rationals (i.e., with rational coefficients) have a very long history. ... | Polynomial equations | 0.831956 |
4,704 | The goal is then to describe the relation R {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}} . A number of classification theorems have been obtained; but quite interestingly, a number of anti-classification theorems have been found as well. The anti-classification theorems state that there are more than a countable number of isomorphis... | Kolmogorov entropy | 0.831954 |
4,705 | The optic equation, permitting but not requiring integer solutions, appears in several contexts in geometry. In a bicentric quadrilateral, the inradius r, the circumradius R, and the distance x between the incenter and the circumcenter are related by Fuss' theorem according to 1 ( R − x ) 2 + 1 ( R + x ) 2 = 1 r 2 , {\... | Optic equation | 0.831951 |
4,706 | Analyzed data are taken from devices AVHRR and AMSR that are used to measure the Earth's radiation predominantly in the infrared. Based on the information is easy to calculate the sea surface temperature and ice concentration at any point on Earth. This information will enable to perform the analysis and simulations cl... | OProject@Home | 0.83195 |
4,707 | Maintenance of the minimum-image convention also generally requires that a spherical cutoff radius for nonbonded forces be at most half the length of one side of a cubic box. Even in electrostatically neutral systems, a net dipole moment of the unit cell can introduce a spurious bulk-surface energy, equivalent to pyroe... | Periodic boundary condition | 0.83195 |
4,708 | The area in which there has been the most talk, research, and development in relation to these organisms is biotechnology. Scientists around the globe are either extracting DNA to modify genomes or directly using extremophiles to complete tasks. Thanks to the discovery and interest in these organisms the enzymes used i... | Extremophiles in biotechnology | 0.831949 |
4,709 | Logic Tensor Networks also fall into this category. Neural—allows a neural model to directly call a symbolic reasoning engine, e.g., to perform an action or evaluate a state.Many key research questions remain, such as: What is the best way to integrate neural and symbolic architectures? How should symbolic structures b... | Symbolic artificial intelligence | 0.831947 |
4,710 | depending on the space of possible molecules finite infinite depending on the type of reactions catalytic systems reactive systems inhibitive systems depending on the space topology well stirred reactor topologically arranged (1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional) | Artificial chemistry | 0.831946 |
4,711 | A variety of general optimization algorithms commonly used in computer science have also been applied to the multiple sequence alignment problem. Hidden Markov models have been used to produce probability scores for a family of possible multiple sequence alignments for a given query set; although early HMM-based method... | Sequence identity | 0.831945 |
4,712 | The problem is clearly in NP since, given t {\displaystyle t} subsets, we can easily verify that they are pairwise disjoint in polynomial time. The optimization version of the problem, maximum set packing, asks for the maximum number of pairwise disjoint sets in the list. It is a maximization problem that can be formul... | Set packing | 0.831939 |
4,713 | The simplest form is the standard deviation of a repeated observation. In metrology, physics, and engineering, the uncertainty or margin of error of a measurement, when explicitly stated, is given by a range of values likely to enclose the true value. This may be denoted by error bars on a graph, or by the following no... | Uncertainty notation | 0.831938 |
4,714 | This mathematically inelegant but physically useful concept allows for the efficient calculation of the associated physical conditions while conveniently sidestepping the philosophical issue of what actually occurs at the infinitesimally-defined point: a question that physics is as yet unable to answer. Fortunately, a ... | Physical paradox | 0.831936 |
4,715 | The dielectric constant of the sample is expressed as where D {\displaystyle D} is the electric displacement and P {\displaystyle P} is the polarization density. The polarization density is written as and the polarization density with n electron density is After a little algebra the relation between polarization densit... | Drude model | 0.831935 |
4,716 | Species specific parameters of the models were estimated from training sets of sequences of known type (protein-coding and non-coding). The major step of the algorithm computes for a given DNA fragment posterior probabilities of either being "protein-coding" (carrying genetic code) in each of six possible reading frame... | GeneMark | 0.83193 |
4,717 | In algebra, linear equations and systems of linear equations over a field are widely studied. "Over a field" means that the coefficients of the equations and the solutions that one is looking for belong to a given field, commonly the real or the complex numbers. This article is devoted to the same problems where "field... | Linear equation over a ring | 0.831929 |
4,718 | Emissions from these objects are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. Because astrophysics is a very broad subject, astrophysicists apply concepts and methods from many disciplines of physics, including... | Theoretical astrophysics | 0.831929 |
4,719 | 2002 - James L Kirtley Jr, Professor, Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts For contributions to the theoretical analysis, design, and construction of high performance rotating electric machinery, including superconducting turbogenerators. 2001 - Steve Williamson, Univer... | IEEE Nikola Tesla Award | 0.831929 |
4,720 | Second placed team, "Schroddon", was composed just of husband and wife Marianne and Don Engel living in Baltimore, Maryland. In contrast to the winning team, Schroddon used a human-assisted algorithm that the couple created. Both physicists, Marianne used her background in cryptography and Don used his background in co... | DARPA Shredder Challenge 2011 | 0.831927 |
4,721 | In 2020, machine learning technology was used to help make diagnoses and aid researchers in developing a cure for COVID-19. Machine learning was recently applied to predict the pro-environmental behavior of travelers. Recently, machine learning technology was also applied to optimize smartphone's performance and therma... | Statistical learning | 0.831926 |
4,722 | Every bipartite graph is of class 1, and almost all random graphs are of class 1. However, it is NP-complete to determine whether an arbitrary graph is of class 1.Vizing (1965) proved that planar graphs of maximum degree at least eight are of class one and conjectured that the same is true for planar graphs of maximum ... | Edge coloring | 0.831924 |
4,723 | Several different control strategies have been devised in the past years. These vary from extremely general ones (PID controller), to others devoted to very particular classes of systems (especially robotics or aircraft cruise control). A control problem can have several specifications. Stability, of course, is always ... | Control Theory | 0.831917 |
4,724 | They are found on rocks and tree trunks, and they respond to environmental changes in forests, including changes in forest structure – conservation biology, air quality, and climate. The disappearance of lichens in a forest may indicate environmental stresses, such as high levels of sulfur dioxide, sulfur-based polluta... | Bioindicator | 0.831916 |
4,725 | It follows that even among the finite Heyting algebras there exist infinitely many that are subdirectly irreducible, no two of which have the same equational theory. Hence no finite set of finite Heyting algebras can supply all the counterexamples to non-laws of Heyting algebra. This is in sharp contrast to Boolean alg... | Heyting algebra | 0.831914 |
4,726 | In mathematics, a free Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra with a distinguished set of elements, called generators, such that: Each element of the Boolean algebra can be expressed as a finite combination of generators, using the Boolean operations, and The generators are as independent as possible, in the sense that t... | Free Boolean algebra | 0.831911 |
4,727 | Types of h-level 2 are called sets. It is a theorem that the type of natural numbers has h-level 2 (isasetnat in UniMath). It is claimed by the creators of univalent foundations that the univalent formalization of sets in Martin-Löf type theory is the best currently-available environment for formal reasoning about all ... | Univalent foundations | 0.831911 |
4,728 | In group theory, the trichotomy theorem divides the finite simple groups of characteristic 2 type and rank at least 3 into three classes. It was proved by Aschbacher (1981, 1983) for rank 3 and by Gorenstein & Lyons (1983) for rank at least 4. The three classes are groups of GF(2) type (classified by Timmesfeld and oth... | Trichotomy theorem | 0.83191 |
4,729 | A series of derived terms have been coined to identify several branches of biotechnology, for example: Bioinformatics (also called "gold biotechnology") is an interdisciplinary field that addresses biological problems using computational techniques, and makes the rapid organization as well as analysis of biological dat... | Regulation of biotechnologies | 0.831907 |
4,730 | To solve this problem, it suffices to provide an upper bound on the total degree of the gi: such a bound reduces the problem to a finite system of linear equations that may be solved by usual linear algebra techniques. Any such upper bound is called an effective Nullstellensatz. A related problem is the ideal membershi... | Weak Nullstellensatz | 0.831906 |
4,731 | After this element, the filled 3d subshell effectively withdraws from chemistry and the subsequent trend looks much like trends in the periods 2 and 3. The p-block elements of period 4 have their valence shell composed of 4s and 4p subshells of the fourth (n = 4) shell and obey the octet rule. For quantum chemistry nam... | Period 4 element | 0.831906 |
4,732 | α = 0.34 , β = 0.28 , A = 406.4 , B = 410.7 , L 0 = 1.69 {\displaystyle \alpha =0.34,\beta =0.28,A=406.4,B=410.7,L_{0}=1.69} .The statistical laws were fitted over experimental data with N ∈ , D ∈ , C ∈ {\displaystyle N\in ,D\in ,C\in } . Since there are 4 variables related by 2 equations, imposing 1 additional cons... | Neural scaling law | 0.831905 |
4,733 | These fast and exact calculations eliminate any "friction points", or human errors that could be made by one of the numerous science and biology experts working with the DNA. DNAStack, a part of Google Genomics, allows scientists to use the vast sample of resources from Google's search server to scale social experiment... | Big data analysis | 0.831904 |
4,734 | These variants of unknown clinical significance means there is a change in the DNA sequence, however the increase for cancer is unclear because it is unknown if the change affects the gene's function.A genetics professional can explain in detail the benefits, risks, and limitations of a particular test. It is important... | Genetic tests | 0.831904 |
4,735 | Using nearest neighbor statistics, a similar test to the 2D K–S test; 21 consecutive probabilities in group 4 reach the 2σ limit and 9 consecutive comparisons reach the 3σ limit. One can calculate binomial probabilities. For example, 14 out of the 31 GRBs in this redshift band are concentrated in approximately one eigh... | NQ2-NQ4 GRB overdensity | 0.831904 |
4,736 | Automatic parallelization by compilers or tools is very difficult due to the following reasons: dependence analysis is hard for code that uses indirect addressing, pointers, recursion, or indirect function calls because it is difficult to detect such dependencies at compile time; loops have an unknown number of iterati... | Automatic parallelizing | 0.831901 |
4,737 | Such an electric field is capable of accelerating a proton from rest to the maximum energy attained by protons at the Large Hadron Collider in only approximately 5 micrometers. The magnetic field is associated with birefringence of the vacuum and is exceeded on magnetars. In vacuum, the classical Maxwell's equations ar... | Schwinger limit | 0.8319 |
4,738 | Welding speed – The construction of the welding equipment should enable adjustment of the relative speed of motion of the workpiece with respect to the beam in wide enough limits, e.g., between 2 and 50 mm/s. Material properties Geometry (shape and dimensions) of the jointThe final effect of the beam depends on the par... | Electron-beam welding | 0.831898 |
4,739 | In the outermost region of the envelope, beyond about 5×1011 km, the density drops to the point where the dust no longer completely shields the envelope from interstellar UV radiation and the gas becomes partially ionized. These ions then participate in reactions with neutral atoms and molecules. Finally as the envelop... | Asymptotic giant branch stars | 0.831897 |
4,740 | Kirsten Bomblies et al. from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology discovered two genes in the thale cress plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. When both genes are inherited by an individual, it ignites a reaction in the hybrid plant that turns its own immune system against it. In the parents, the genes were not d... | Evidence of evolution | 0.831897 |
4,741 | In molecular biology, YqeY is a type of protein domain of unknown function. It is thought to have a role in protein synthesis, facilitating the production of charged transfer RNA used in the process of translating mRNA into protein. It is present as a domain of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) in almost all eukaryote... | YqeY protein domain | 0.831896 |
4,742 | Processes that look at a phenotype and then try and identify the gene responsible are called forward genetics. The gene then needs to be mapped by comparing the inheritance of the phenotype with known genetic markers. Genes that are close together are likely to be inherited together.Another option is reverse genetics. | Techniques of genetic engineering | 0.831896 |
4,743 | A numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes. A permanent hybrid results when only the heterozygous genotype occurs, as in Oenothera lamarckiana, because all homozygous combinations are lethal. In the early history of genetics, Hugo de Vries supposed these were c... | Artificial hybrid | 0.831896 |
4,744 | The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) was an experiment launched into low Earth orbit on November 11, 2016. RAVAN's goal is to test new technologies that help measure Earth's radiation imbalance, which is the difference between the amount of energy received from the Sun that reaches Earth... | Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes | 0.831895 |
4,745 | An algorithm that uses geometric invariants to vote for object hypotheses Similar to pose clustering, however instead of voting on pose, we are now voting on geometry A technique originally developed for matching geometric features (uncalibrated affine views of plane models) against a database of such features Widely u... | Object classification | 0.831895 |
4,746 | The offset into the segment is the sum of the base offset and the contents of the index register.The software was modular based on the universal model of computation and the lambda calculus. Six Church instructions hide the details of a named function application using capability keys for the typed concepts of variable... | Plessey System 250 | 0.831894 |
4,747 | The requirement that the number of sectors be a multiple of four is necessary: as Don Coppersmith showed, dividing a disk into four sectors, or a number of sectors that is not divisible by four, does not in general produce equal areas. Mabry & Deiermann (2009) answered a problem of Carter & Wagon (1994b) by providing a... | Pizza theorem | 0.831893 |
4,748 | (1994). "Systems of Set Constraints with Negative Constraints are NEXPTIME-Complete". Ninth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. | Set constraint | 0.831891 |
4,749 | There are often other cost metrics in addition to execution time that are relevant to compare query plans. In a cloud computing scenario for instance, one should compare query plans not only in terms of how much time they take to execute but also in terms of how much money their execution costs. Or in the context of ap... | Query optimizer | 0.831887 |
4,750 | Materials Chemistry Division. 4 Subject Groups. Industry and Technology Division. 13 Subject Groups.There are 12 subjects groups not attached to a division. | Royal Society of Chemistry | 0.831887 |
4,751 | These are often used with periodic boundary conditions on the region simulated and Ewald summation techniques are used to speed up computations.In statistics and machine learning, some models have loss functions of a form similar to that of the gravitational potential: a sum of kernel functions over all pairs of object... | N-Body Problem | 0.831887 |
4,752 | Finite model theory Descriptive complexity theory Model checking Trakhtenbrot's theorem Computable model theory Tarski's exponential function problem Undecidable problem Institutional model theory Institution (computer science) Non-standard analysis Non-standard calculus Hyperinteger Hyperreal number Transfer principle... | List of mathematical logic topics | 0.831887 |
4,753 | It is emitted by a molecule in vacuum tube, C-arc core with metallic salt. The band spectrum is the combination of many different spectral lines, resulting from molecular vibrational, rotational, and electronic transition. Spectroscopy studies spectral bands for astronomy and other purposes. | Spectral band | 0.831885 |
4,754 | Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods, which is based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. The adjective "deep" in deep learning refers to the use of multiple layers in the network. Methods used can be either supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised.Deep-learnin... | Deep neural network | 0.831883 |
4,755 | Choice and decision making theory are rooted in the development of probability theory. In the mid 1600s, Blaise Pascal considered situations in gambling and further extended to Pascal's wager. In the 18th century, Nicolas Bernoulli proposed the St. | Mathematical Psychology | 0.831881 |
4,756 | In algebra, a homomorphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type (such as two groups, two rings, or two vector spaces). The word homomorphism comes from the Ancient Greek language: ὁμός (homos) meaning "same" and μορφή (morphe) meaning "form" or "shape". However, the word was a... | Homomorphism | 0.831879 |
4,757 | A great number of software tools for protein structure prediction exist. Approaches include homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction. In particular, deep learning based on long short-term memory has been used for this ... | Protein structure prediction | 0.831878 |
4,758 | Experiments confirmed the former prediction, but found that molar heat capacities of diatomic gases were typically about 5 cal/(mol·K), and fell to about 3 cal/(mol·K) at very low temperatures. Maxwell noted in 1875 that the disagreement between experiment and the equipartition theorem was much worse than even these nu... | Equipartition Theorem | 0.831876 |
4,759 | Though theoretically important, the conditions are countably infinite in number and no finite subset will suffice, as shown in (Malcev 1940). A different (but also countably infinite) set of necessary and sufficient conditions were given in (Lambek 1951), where it was shown that a semigroup can be embedded in a group i... | Cancellative semigroup | 0.831876 |
4,760 | It is thought to be brought on by a viral or bacterial illness or trauma of some kind, but genetics play a role as well. Persons of Northern European descent are at greater risk. There is no definitive laboratory test, but C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) can be useful. | Polymyalgia rheumatica | 0.831875 |
4,761 | A Molecular spring is a device or part of a biological system based on molecular mechanics and is associated with molecular vibration. Any molecule can be deformed in several ways - A-A bond length, A-A-A angle, A-A-A-A torsion angle. Deformed molecules store energy, which can be released and cause mechanical work as t... | Molecular spring | 0.831875 |
4,762 | In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem describes "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: If each box of a brand of cereals contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more than t boxes need to be bought to collect all n coupo... | Coupon collector's problem | 0.831875 |
4,763 | Such a strategy uses at least a time polynomial in the matrix dimension. In 2016, Iordanis Kerenidis and Anupam Prakash, found an exponentially faster quantum algorithm; this algorithm uses the HHL algorithm to sample the product directly from an approximation of the preference matrix without reconstructing the matrix ... | Ewin Tang | 0.831874 |
4,764 | The sample complexity of this algorithm is O ~ ( ( 1 / ϵ 3 ) log ( 1 / δ ) ) {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tilde {O}}((1/\epsilon ^{3})\log(1/\delta ))} and the running time is O ~ ( ( 1 / ϵ 3 ) log n log 2 ( 1 / δ ) ) {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tilde {O}}((1/\epsilon ^{3})\log n\log ^{2}(1/\delta ))} . Theorem Le... | Distribution learning theory | 0.83187 |
4,765 | Many combinatorial questions have historically been considered in isolation, giving an ad hoc solution to a problem arising in some mathematical context. In the later twentieth century, however, powerful and general theoretical methods were developed, making combinatorics into an independent branch of mathematics in it... | Combinatorics | 0.831867 |
4,766 | Primary is a term used in organic chemistry to classify various types of compounds (e.g. alcohols, alkyl halides, amines) or reactive intermediates (e.g. alkyl radicals, carbocations). | Primary (chemistry) | 0.831866 |
4,767 | Nature Genetics now ask authors to "explain why they make use of particular ethnic groups or populations, and how classification was achieved. "Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952–2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 p... | Racial classification | 0.831863 |
4,768 | He also writes that some of the exercises, such as one asking for a reproof of the Robertson–Seymour theorem on graph minors (without a guide to its original proof, which extended over a series of approximately 20 papers) are "needlessly cruel". However, he recommends Combinatorics: The Rota Way to students and researc... | Combinatorics: The Rota Way | 0.831857 |
4,769 | Discrete mathematics, broadly speaking, is the study of individual, countable mathematical objects. An example is the set of all integers. Because the objects of study here are discrete, the methods of calculus and mathematical analysis do not directly apply. Algorithms—especially their implementation and computational... | Mathematical discipline | 0.831852 |
4,770 | Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting upon the solution in the process of explaining the problem. In describing what the code is supposed to do and observing what it actually does, any incongruity ... | Rubber duck debugging | 0.831852 |
4,771 | Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Although the law was known earlier, it was first published i... | Coulomb force constant | 0.831851 |
4,772 | In particular, the motion of the body in free space (obtained by integrating c ω ( c t ) d t {\displaystyle c\omega (ct)dt} ) is exactly the same, just completed faster by a ratio of c {\displaystyle c} . Consequently, we can analyze the geometry of motion with a fixed value of L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} , and vary ω ( ... | Dzhanibekov effect | 0.83185 |
4,773 | If any one or more of the parents' traits are noticeably enhanced in the offspring as a result of the mixing of the parents' genetic contributions, the offspring is said to be heterotic. heterozygous In a diploid organism, having two different alleles at a given genetic locus. In genetics shorthand, heterozygous genoty... | Glossary of genetics (0–L) | 0.831847 |
4,774 | Atoms are so small that accurately predicting their behavior using classical physics is not possible due to quantum effects. More than 99.94% of an atom's mass is in the nucleus. Each proton has a positive electric charge, while each electron has a negative charge, and the neutrons, if any are present, have no electric... | Bound-bound transition | 0.831846 |
4,775 | In some versions of BASIC such as TRS-80 Level 2 Basic, long names were allowed, but only the first two letters were significant. This feature permitted erroneous behaviour that could be difficult to debug, for example when names such as "VALUE" and "VAT" were used and intended to be distinct. early source code editors... | Naming conventions (programming) | 0.831845 |
4,776 | Given any valid primary arithmetic expression, insert into one or more locations any number of Latin letters bearing optional numerical subscripts; the result is a primary algebra formula. Letters so employed in mathematics and logic are called variables. A primary algebra variable indicates a location where one can wr... | Laws of Form | 0.831845 |
4,777 | In the same letter in which he introduced the term "primitive", Galois stated the following theorem:If G is a primitive solvable group acting on a finite set X, then the order of X is a power of a prime number p. Further, X may be identified with an affine space over the finite field with p elements, and G acts on X as... | Primitive group | 0.831844 |
4,778 | For non-recursive function calls, this is usually an optimization that saves only a little time and space, since there are not that many different functions available to call. When dealing with recursive or mutually recursive functions where recursion happens through tail calls, however, the stack space and the number ... | Tail recursive | 0.831844 |
4,779 | In computational learning theory, learnability is the mathematical analysis of machine learning. It is also employed in language acquisition in arguments within linguistics. Frameworks include: Language identification in the limit proposed in 1967 by E. Mark Gold. Subsequently known as Algorithmic learning theory. Prob... | Learnability | 0.831843 |
4,780 | In computer science, partial sorting is a relaxed variant of the sorting problem. Total sorting is the problem of returning a list of items such that its elements all appear in order, while partial sorting is returning a list of the k smallest (or k largest) elements in order. The other elements (above the k smallest o... | Partial sorting | 0.831841 |
4,781 | The definitions of charge, electric field, and magnetic field can be altered to simplify theoretical calculation, by absorbing dimensioned factors of ε0 and μ0 into the units of calculation, by convention. With a corresponding change in convention for the Lorentz force law this yields the same physics, i.e. trajectorie... | Maxwell's differential equations | 0.831841 |
4,782 | FleXelect oligopools consist of custom oligonucleotides in solution and can be used for in solution target enrichment prior to next generation DNA sequencing. Target enrichment or In solution hybrid selection is a method for genomic selection in an increasing number of applications such as; Analysis of custom genomic r... | FlexGen B.V. | 0.83184 |
4,783 | In biochemistry, counterions are generally vaguely defined. Depending on their charge, proteins are associated with a variety of smaller anions and cations. | Counterion | 0.831839 |
4,784 | Theorem 1: ~A has finitely many equivalent classes and each class is a regular language.Proof: Since there are finitely many f:Q → 2Q × 2Q, the relation ~A has finitely many equivalence classes. Now we show that Lf is a regular language. For p,q ∈ Q and i ∈ {0,1}, let Ai,p,q = ( {0,1}×Q, Σ, Δ1∪Δ2, {(0,p)}, {(i,q)} ) be... | Complementation of Büchi automaton | 0.831837 |
4,785 | The most advanced level of Tetrix robotics builds for K-12 students incorporates higher level engineering concepts, using Tetrix Robotics kits as educational robotics and a vehicle to teach engineering concepts. The expected learning outcomes of the Tetrix Robotics kits as educational robotics includes the development ... | Tetrix Robotics Kit | 0.831837 |
4,786 | Nucleic acid molecules have a phosphoryl (5') end and a hydroxyl (3') end. This notation follows from organic chemistry nomenclature, and can be used to define the movement of enzymes such as DNA polymerases relative to the DNA strand in a non-arbitrary manner. | Antiparallel (biochemistry) | 0.831836 |
4,787 | Dropping one or several axioms in the definition of a field leads to other algebraic structures. As was mentioned above, commutative rings satisfy all field axioms except for the existence of multiplicative inverses. Dropping instead commutativity of multiplication leads to the concept of a division ring or skew field;... | Field (mathematics) | 0.831829 |
4,788 | 24-Norcholestane is a tetracyclic compound, with 20R,5α(H),14α(H),17α(H) stereochemistry, derived from steroids or sterols. It consists of three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring, with carbon 24 removed from the side chain off of C17. | 24-Norcholestane | 0.831828 |
4,789 | Extending this definition, an isopotential is the locus of all points that are of the same potential. Gravity is perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces of the gravity potential, and in electrostatics and steady electric currents, the electric field (and hence the current, if any) is perpendicular to the equipotent... | Equipotential | 0.831827 |
4,790 | (Such a computer is completely hypothetical and would not be a standard quantum computer, or even possible under the standard theory of quantum mechanics.) Such a hypothetical computer could implement a search of an N-item database at most in O ( N 3 ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt{N}})} steps. This is slightly faster than t... | Quantum algorithm | 0.831826 |
4,791 | In classical mechanics, the motion of a body is described by its position and velocity as the time value varies. Newton's laws allow these variables to be expressed dynamically (given the position, velocity, acceleration and various forces acting on the body) as a differential equation for the unknown position of the b... | Second-order differential equation | 0.831826 |
4,792 | Janzen's preferred solution to this classic problem involved building machines to identify species from their DNA. However, recent developments in computer architectures, as well as innovations in software design, have placed the tools needed to realize Janzen's vision in the hands of the systematics and computer scien... | Automated species identification | 0.831821 |
4,793 | In digital electronics and computer science (fields of applied logic engineering and mathematics), truth tables can be used to reduce basic boolean operations to simple correlations of inputs to outputs, without the use of logic gates or code. For example, a binary addition can be represented with the truth table: wher... | Truth tables | 0.831818 |
4,794 | In 2010 Krivanek and colleagues reported several technical improvements to the HAADF method, including a combination of aberration corrected electron optics and low accelerating voltage. The latter is crucial for imaging biological objects, as it allows to reduce damage by the beam and increase the image contrast for l... | Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing | 0.831816 |
4,795 | However, these equations were not studied specifically by the nineteenth-century mathematicians studying the solutions of algebraic equations, because the sextic equations' solutions were already at the limits of their computational abilities without computers.Septics are the lowest order equations for which it is not ... | Septic equation | 0.831811 |
4,796 | Uncertainty is designed into games, most notably in gambling, where chance is central to play. In scientific modelling, in which the prediction of future events should be understood to have a range of expected values In optimization, uncertainty permits one to describe situations where the user does not have full contr... | Uncertainty | 0.831811 |
4,797 | For any finite group G, the order (number of elements) of every subgroup H of G divides the order of G. The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. | Finite groups | 0.83181 |
4,798 | Divisive algorithms begin with the whole set and proceed to divide it into successively smaller clusters. Hierarchical clustering is calculated using metrics on Euclidean spaces, the most commonly used is the Euclidean distance computed by finding the square of the difference between each variable, adding all the squar... | Machine learning in bioinformatics | 0.831809 |
4,799 | NxTrim Adapter trimming and virtual library creation routine for Illumina Nextera Mate Pair libraries. PRINSEQ generates statistics of your sequence data for sequence length, GC content, quality scores, n-plicates, complexity, tag sequences, poly-A/T tails, odds ratios. Filter the data, reformat and trim sequences. | List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools | 0.831805 |
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