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85,600 | In topology, a branch of mathematics, a nilpotent space, first defined by Emmanuel Dror (1969), is a based topological space X such that the fundamental group π = π 1 ( X ) {\displaystyle \pi =\pi _{1}(X)} is a nilpotent group; π {\displaystyle \pi } acts nilpotently on the higher homotopy groups π i ( X ) , i ≥ 2 {\di... | Nilpotent space | 0.798763 |
85,601 | Combinatorial set theory concerns extensions of finite combinatorics to infinite sets. This includes the study of cardinal arithmetic and the study of extensions of Ramsey's theorem such as the Erdős–Rado theorem. | Theory of sets | 0.798763 |
85,602 | The theorem allows for several conclusions, but the most challenging one is arguably the following. If one sees RDBPs with the two natural hypotheses as being an acceptable model, then the wf-policy and the sf-policy (arguably seen as an idealized form or extreme form of communism and (an extreme form of) capitalism, r... | Bruss–Duerinckx theorem | 0.798763 |
85,603 | Let G {\displaystyle G} be a graph. Consider a 2-sum decomposition of G {\displaystyle G} , i.e., recursively decomposing G {\displaystyle G} into its 2-sum components. The minimal elements of this decomposition are called the minimal 2-sum components of G {\displaystyle G} . Theorem. | Cayley configuration space | 0.798762 |
85,604 | 2023 - Received Columbia University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences' Outstanding Recent Alumni Award 2022 - Named AI2050 Early Career Fellow from Schmidt Futures 2022 - Received the 2022 Annie T. Randall award 2020 - Named one of the 100 Most Influential Young Africans 2020 - Received the Savage Award, Applied M... | Adji Bousso Dieng | 0.798762 |
85,605 | 3D printing can be particularly useful in research labs due to its ability to make specialized, bespoke geometries. In 2012 a proof of principle project at the University of Glasgow, UK, showed that it is possible to use 3D printing techniques to assist in the production of chemical compounds. They first printed chemic... | Applications of 3D printing | 0.798762 |
85,606 | It must therefore be regarded as an autonomous system controlling and ultimately permeating all other subsystems of society. "Many universities have entire colleges, departments or schools devoted to the study of information science, while numerous information-science scholars work in disciplines such as communication,... | Information Sciences | 0.798761 |
85,607 | A further important representation was established by Hilary Priestley in her representation theorem for distributive lattices. In this formulation, a distributive lattice is used to construct a topological space with an additional partial order on its points, yielding a (completely order-separated) ordered Stone space... | Distributive lattice | 0.798761 |
85,608 | In number theory, a congruence of squares is a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms. | Congruence of squares | 0.798761 |
85,609 | The Coriell Institute for Medical Research is an independent, non-profit biomedical research center dedicated to the study of the human genome. Coriell features programs in biobanking, personalized medicine, cell biology, cytogenetics, genotyping, and induced pluripotent stem cell science. Located in downtown Camden, N... | Coriell Institute for Medical Research | 0.798761 |
85,610 | {\displaystyle H_{k}{\overset {\operatorname {def} }{=}}B_{k}^{-1}.} From an initial guess x 0 {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{0}} and an approximate inverted Hessian matrix H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} the following steps are repeated as x k {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{k}} converges to the solution: Obtain a direction p k ... | BFGS method | 0.798761 |
85,611 | This isomer has not been detected.The equivalent carbon pentasulfide is also known from inert gas matrix. It has C2 symmetry with the same atomic topology as the pentoxide. == References == | Carbon pentoxide | 0.798761 |
85,612 | The Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) (pronounced "jake") was an American organization on exploring the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (particularly Edge computing), Network of Networks and AI-enhanced communication for use in actual combat. In February 2022, JAIC was integrated into the Chief Digital ... | Joint Artificial Intelligence Center | 0.798761 |
85,613 | Projected capacitive touch (PCT; also PCAP) technology is a variant of capacitive touch technology but where sensitivity to touch, accuracy, resolution and speed of touch have been greatly improved by the use of a simple form of artificial intelligence. This intelligent processing enables finger sensing to be projected... | Gorilla arm | 0.79876 |
85,614 | Federated learning seeks to address the problem of data governance and privacy by training algorithms collaboratively without exchanging the data itself. Today's standard approach of centralizing data from multiple centers comes at the cost of critical concerns regarding patient privacy and data protection. To solve th... | Federated learning | 0.79876 |
85,615 | These edges tend to inhibit optimization. An impossible edge (also known as a fake edge) is an edge which has been added to the graph solely to preserve the property that the exit block postdominates all blocks. It cannot ever be traversed. | Control-flow graph | 0.79876 |
85,616 | The hyperfine states of a trapped ion are commonly used for storing qubits in ion-trap quantum computing. They have the advantage of having very long lifetimes, experimentally exceeding ~10 minutes (compared to ~1 s for metastable electronic levels). The frequency associated with the states' energy separation is in the... | Hyperfine structure | 0.798759 |
85,617 | Bryce DeWitt: formulated the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for the wavefunction of the Universe with John Archibald Wheeler. Bianca Dittrich: mathematical physicist known for her contributions to loop quantum gravity and spin foam models, currently working on coarse-graining of spin foams. Fay Dowker: physicist working on ca... | List of quantum gravity researchers | 0.798759 |
85,618 | The sum and difference formulas allow expanding the sine, the cosine, and the tangent of a sum or a difference of two angles in terms of sines and cosines and tangents of the angles themselves. These can be derived geometrically, using arguments that date to Ptolemy. One can also produce them algebraically using Euler'... | Secant function | 0.798759 |
85,619 | ViroPharma was a member of the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index and the S&P 600. The company had strategic relationships with GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough, and Sanofi-Aventis. ViroPharma acquired Lev Pharmaceuticals in a merger in 2008. | ViroPharma | 0.798759 |
85,620 | Organic radiotracer molecules that will contain a positron-emitting radioisotope cannot be synthesized first and then the radioisotope prepared within them, because bombardment with a cyclotron to prepare the radioisotope destroys any organic carrier for it. Instead, the isotope must be prepared first, then the chemist... | PET scan | 0.798759 |
85,621 | Alternatively, an application could be created that takes the level geometry as input and automatically outputs a navmesh. It is commonly assumed that the environment represented by a navmesh is static – it does not change over time – and thus the navmesh can be created offline and be immutable. However, there has been... | Navigation mesh | 0.798758 |
85,622 | The idea of rough set was proposed by Pawlak (1981) as a new mathematical tool to deal with vague concepts. Comer, Grzymala-Busse, Iwinski, Nieminen, Novotny, Pawlak, Obtulowicz, and Pomykala have studied algebraic properties of rough sets. Different algebraic semantics have been developed by P. Pagliani, I. Duntsch, M... | Rough set | 0.798757 |
85,623 | This fact is a special case of the general theorem of Hyman Bass and Yves Guivarch that is discussed in the article on Gromov's theorem. The lamplighter group has an exponential growth. | Growth rate (group theory) | 0.798757 |
85,624 | Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, and cephalopods, along with numerous other kinds, many of which have shell... | Malacology | 0.798757 |
85,625 | In topology, a branch of mathematics, a topological monoid is a monoid object in the category of topological spaces. In other words, it is a monoid with a topology with respect to which the monoid's binary operation is continuous. Every topological group is a topological monoid. | Topological monoid | 0.798757 |
85,626 | Genetic pattern search method was applied to identify abnormal brain from normal controls. Its classification accuracy was reported as 95.188%. Das et al. proposed to use Ripplet transform. Zhang et al. proposed to use particle swarm optimization (PSO). Kalbkhani et al. suggested to use GARCH model.In 2014, El-Dahshan ... | Computer-aided diagnosis | 0.798757 |
85,627 | The performance is affected by discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off time, duty cycle, voltage for EDM. For tool wear rate (TWR) from the all selected parameters, spark current (I) is the most significant input factor affecting the machining of workpiece followed by spark time and voltage. Innovative technology i... | Electrical discharge machining | 0.798757 |
85,628 | In mathematics, geometric measure theory (GMT) is the study of geometric properties of sets (typically in Euclidean space) through measure theory. It allows mathematicians to extend tools from differential geometry to a much larger class of surfaces that are not necessarily smooth. | Geometric measure theory | 0.798757 |
85,629 | Most irrational numbers do not have any periodic or regular behavior in their continued fraction expansion. Nevertheless, Khinchin proved that for almost all real numbers x, the ai (for i = 1, 2, 3, ...) have an astonishing property: their geometric mean tends to a constant (known as Khinchin's constant, K ≈ 2.68545200... | Simple continued fraction | 0.798757 |
85,630 | In the case of two-dimensional manifolds, he found that the computation of Li and Yau can be directly adapted to the scalar curvature along the Ricci flow. In general dimensions, he showed that the Riemann curvature tensor satisfies a complicated inequality, formally analogous to his matrix extension of the Li–Yau ineq... | Richard S. Hamilton | 0.798756 |
85,631 | Conference papers can be found in proceedings of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), World Wide Web (WWW), Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), Internet Measuring Conference (IMC). KDD Conferenc... | Social media mining | 0.798756 |
85,632 | Some manufacturers also will apply sulfur dioxide gas during the draw in order to change the chemistry of the glass on the surface. By changing the chemistry it is possible to affect the surface characteristics of the glass, improving its quality and durability. Glass rollers hold the ribbon throughout various parts of... | Fourcault process | 0.798756 |
85,633 | Many of the tasks, techniques, and analyses used in Reliability Engineering are specific to particular industries and applications, but can commonly include: Physics of failure (PoF) Built-in self-test (BIT or BIST) (testability analysis) Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) Reliability hazard analysis Reliability ... | Reliability modeling | 0.798756 |
85,634 | xAct is a collection of packages for fast manipulation of tensor expressions. GREAT is a free package for Mathematica that computes the Christoffel connection and the basic tensors of General Relativity from a given metric tensor. Atlas 2 for Mathematica is a powerful Mathematica toolbox which allows to do a wide range... | Tensor software | 0.798756 |
85,635 | Algebraic block codes are typically hard-decoded using algebraic decoders.The term block code may also refer to any error-correcting code that acts on a block of k {\displaystyle k} bits of input data to produce n {\displaystyle n} bits of output data ( n , k ) {\displaystyle (n,k)} . Consequently, the block coder is a... | Block code | 0.798756 |
85,636 | Following Goursat (1904, I, §15), for functions of more than one independent variable, the partial differential of y with respect to any one of the variables x1 is the principal part of the change in y resulting from a change dx1 in that one variable. The partial differential is therefore involving the partial derivati... | Total differential | 0.798756 |
85,637 | At the age of 18, Bauernfeind studied under Georg Ohm at the Polytechnic School in Nuremberg. Two years later, he studied mathematics and physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and passed the state examination in 1841. | Karl Maximilian von Bauernfeind | 0.798755 |
85,638 | Sybase's Advantage Database Server (ADS) is an embedded database management system. It provides both Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) and relational data access and is compatible with multiple platforms including Windows, Linux, and Netware. It is available as a royalty-free local file-server database or a full ... | Embedded database | 0.798755 |
85,639 | rational 1. Over an algebraically closed field, a variety is rational if it is birational to a projective space. For example, rational curves and rational surfaces are those birational to P 1 , P 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{1},\mathbb {P} ^{2}} . 2. | Section ring | 0.798755 |
85,640 | C. J. Cramer Essentials of Computational Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (2002). T. Clark A Handbook of Computational Chemistry, Wiley, New York (1985). Dronskowski, Richard (2005). Computational Chemistry of Solid State Materials: A Guide for Materials Scientists, Chemists, Physicists and others. | Computational Chemistry | 0.798755 |
85,641 | The Caustic architecture parallelised execution not on pixels, but on individual rays. This allowed for hardware to gather these rays into coherent groups to perform a common operation, such as access a memory address within the scene acceleration structure and underlying geometry or execution of a common material shad... | Caustic Graphics | 0.798755 |
85,642 | In mathematical terms (graph theory), a graph G = ⟨ N , E ⟩ {\displaystyle \textstyle G=\langle N,E\rangle } is a set of nodes N {\displaystyle \textstyle N} and a set of edges E ⊂ { ( x , y ) ∣ x , y ∈ N } {\displaystyle \textstyle E\subset \{(x,y)\mid x,y\in N\}} . Each edge ( x , y ) {\displaystyle \textstyle (x,y)}... | Dual-phase evolution | 0.798754 |
85,643 | This was the first time the FDA approved a cancer drug based on tumor genetics rather than tissue type or tumor site; therefore, pembrolizumab is a so-called tissue-agnostic drug.In the European Union, pembrolizumab is indicated for: the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults as monothera... | Pembrolizumab | 0.798754 |
85,644 | Epigenetics involves changes in the phenotype that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. This can occur through many types of environmental interactions. Regarding euchromatin, post-translational modifications of the histones can alter the structure of chromatin, resulting in altered gene expression witho... | Euchromatin | 0.798754 |
85,645 | For example, an ecology could be examined at a single point of time or longitudinally. It is possible that the nature of a communicative ecology may also vary according to time of day, week or season. The analysis of a communicative ecology can occur at both macro and micro levels within this spatiotemporal frame. | Communicative ecology | 0.798754 |
85,646 | Toward an Epistemology for Biological Pluralism. in Richard Creath and Jane Maienschein, editors. Biology and Epistemology. | Helen Longino | 0.798753 |
85,647 | In applied mathematics, the numerical sign problem is the problem of numerically evaluating the integral of a highly oscillatory function of a large number of variables. Numerical methods fail because of the near-cancellation of the positive and negative contributions to the integral. Each has to be integrated to very ... | Numerical sign problem | 0.798753 |
85,648 | If G is a finite group and k a field with characteristic 0, then one shows in the theory of group representations that any subrepresentation of a given one is already a direct summand of the given one. Translated into module language, this means that all modules over the group algebra kG are injective. If the character... | Injective dimension | 0.798753 |
85,649 | Rather than combining the properties and features of both datasets, data extraction involves using a "clip" or "mask" to extract the features of one data set that fall within the spatial extent of another dataset. In raster data analysis, the overlay of datasets is accomplished through a process known as "local operati... | Geographical Information System | 0.798753 |
85,650 | A thick end of a graph G {\displaystyle G} is an end that contains infinitely many pairwise-disjoint rays. Halin's grid theorem characterizes the graphs that contain thick ends: they are exactly the graphs that have a subdivision of the hexagonal tiling as a subgraph. | End (graph theory) | 0.798753 |
85,651 | However, aggregate data are generally modeled as a normal linear regression ytk = xtk′β + εtk using the central limit theorem and variable transformation, where the subscript k indicates the kth study or trial, t denotes the tth treatment, ytk indicates the response endpoint for the kth study's tth arm, xtk is the arm-... | Meta-regression | 0.798752 |
85,652 | The common human breeding cultures that breed the rabbits and cats tended to themselves favor the pattern, in a way closely mimicking the way that the underlying genetics that form flexible adaptations can be selected for based on the phenotype they typically produce in an assumed environment in natural selection. Anot... | Heterotopy | 0.798752 |
85,653 | However food reheated in a microwave oven typically reaches lower temperature than classically reheated, therefore pathogens are more likely to survive. Microwave heating of blood, e.g. for transfusion, is contraindicated, as it can cause hemolysis and hyperkalemia.Microwave heating is one of the methods for inducing h... | Microwave burn | 0.798752 |
85,654 | In combinatorial mathematics, the Steiner tree problem, or minimum Steiner tree problem, named after Jakob Steiner, is an umbrella term for a class of problems in combinatorial optimization. While Steiner tree problems may be formulated in a number of settings, they all require an optimal interconnect for a given set o... | Steiner tree | 0.798752 |
85,655 | The theorem does not comment on certain aspects of recurrence which this proof cannot guarantee: There may be some special phases that never return to the starting phase volume, or that only return to the starting volume a finite number of times then never return again. These however are extremely "rare", making up an ... | Poincaré recurrence theorem | 0.798751 |
85,656 | In abstract algebra, a derivative algebra is an algebraic structure of the signature where is a Boolean algebra and D is a unary operator, the derivative operator, satisfying the identities: 0D = 0 xDD ≤ x + xD (x + y)D = xD + yD.xD is called the derivative of x. Derivative algebras provide an algebraic abstraction of ... | Derivative algebra (abstract algebra) | 0.798751 |
85,657 | Rolle is best known for Rolle's theorem in differential calculus. Rolle had used the result in 1690, and he proved it (by the standards of the time) in 1691. Given his animosity to infinitesimals it is fitting that the result was couched in terms of algebra rather than analysis. | Michel Rolle | 0.798751 |
85,658 | Much of linear algebra may be formulated, and remains correct, for modules over a division ring D instead of vector spaces over a field. Doing so, one must specify whether one is considering right or left modules, and some care is needed in properly distinguishing left and right in formulas. | Skew field | 0.798751 |
85,659 | The adiabatic ionization energy of a molecule is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral molecule, i.e. the difference between the energy of the vibrational ground state of the neutral species (v" = 0 level) and that of the positive ion (v' = 0). The specific equilibrium geometry of e... | Electron binding energy | 0.798751 |
85,660 | Rank and related concepts are developed in the early chapters. Mac Lane, S.; Birkhoff, G. (1999), Algebra, AMS Chelsea, ISBN 0-8218-1646-2 Chapter XVI sections 6–10 give a more elementary account of the exterior algebra, including duality, determinants and minors, and alternating forms. Sternberg, Shlomo (1964), Lectur... | Exterior power | 0.79875 |
85,661 | The second edition of the ERC also took place at the Regional Science and Technology Centre. The competition was attended by 29 teams from the US, Australia, India, Colombia, the Netherlands, Egypt, Poland, Canada, and other countries. Specials guests of the second edition included the last man on the Moon, Apollo 17 a... | European Rover Challenge | 0.79875 |
85,662 | 42 is a (2,6)-perfect number (super-multiperfect), as σ2(n) = σ(σ(n)) = 6n. 42 is the resulting number of the original Smith number ( 4937775 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 65837 {\displaystyle 4937775=3\times 5\times 5\times 65837} ): Both the sum of its digits ( 4 + 9 + 3 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 5 {\displaystyle 4+9+3+7+7+7+5} ) and the sum of... | 42 (number) | 0.79875 |
85,663 | Catherine Huafei Yan (Chinese: 颜华菲) is a professor of mathematics at Texas A&M University interested in algebraic combinatorics. | Catherine Yan | 0.79875 |
85,664 | In numerical linear algebra, the method of successive over-relaxation (SOR) is a variant of the Gauss–Seidel method for solving a linear system of equations, resulting in faster convergence. A similar method can be used for any slowly converging iterative process. It was devised simultaneously by David M. Young Jr. | Successive over-relaxation | 0.79875 |
85,665 | Went was originally enormously annoyed by this word. But Dr. Millikan took it right up saying, ‘this edifice financed by Mr. Earhart, is going to do for plant biology what the cyclotron has done for physics,’ and he christened it a phytotron. "Phytotrons spread around the world between 1945 and the present day to Austr... | Phytotron | 0.79875 |
85,666 | A 1,3-dipole is an organic molecule that can be represented as either an allyl-type or a propargyl/allenyl-type zwitterionic octet/sextet structures. Both types of 1,3-dipoles share four electrons in the π-system over three atoms. The allyl-type is bent whereas the propargyl/allenyl-type is linear in geometry. 1,3-Dipo... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.798749 |
85,667 | Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological devices, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines. Current problems for nanomedicine involve und... | Nanomedicine | 0.798749 |
85,668 | Cost of electricity by source – a calculation of the cost of generating electricity at the point of connection to a load or electricity grid. Duck curve – graphs the mismatch between peak power load on the grid and hourly solar and wind energy production. Financial incentives for photovoltaics – are incentives offered ... | Outline of solar energy | 0.798749 |
85,669 | Satya Atluri is an American engineer, educator, researcher and scientist in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering and computational sciences, who is currently a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, Irvine. Since 1966, he made fundamental contributions to the... | Satya N. Atluri | 0.798749 |
85,670 | Optical physics is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation, the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter, especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new ... | Optical Physics | 0.798749 |
85,671 | Knowledge of charge carrier mobility in semiconductors is important for understanding the electronic and materials properties of a system. It is also valuable in device design and optimization. This is particularly true for thin film solar cells and thin film transistors, where charge extraction and amplification, resp... | Time resolved microwave conductivity | 0.798748 |
85,672 | 1921: The Fourth Dimension, Cambridge University Press, weblink from University of Michigan Historical Math Collection. 1922: Prolegomena to Analytical Geometry in Anisotropic Euclidean Space of Three Dimensions, Cambridge University Press via Internet Archive 1942: 'Srinivasa Ramanujan" Nature 149:292. 1944: Jacobian ... | Eric Harold Neville | 0.798748 |
85,673 | The space of r-planes in a smooth n-dimensional quadric (like the quadric itself) is a projective homogeneous variety, known as the isotropic Grassmannian or orthogonal Grassmannian OGr(r + 1, n + 2). (The numbering refers to the dimensions of the corresponding vector spaces. In the case of middle-dimensional linear su... | Quadric (algebraic geometry) | 0.798748 |
85,674 | In mathematics, the Sims conjecture is a result in group theory, originally proposed by Charles Sims. He conjectured that if G {\displaystyle G} is a primitive permutation group on a finite set S {\displaystyle S} and G α {\displaystyle G_{\alpha }} denotes the stabilizer of the point α {\displaystyle \alpha } in S {\d... | Sims conjecture | 0.798748 |
85,675 | See also: Bertini's theorem. Now, a scheme-theoretic intersection may not be a correct intersection, say, from the point of view of intersection theory. For example, let W = Spec ( k ) {\displaystyle W=\operatorname {Spec} (k)} = the affine 4-space and X, Y closed subschemes defined by the ideals ( x , y ) ∩ ( z , w... | Proper intersection | 0.798748 |
85,676 | This kind of failure of consistency between a standard and non-standard model is also called Omega Inconsistency.It makes a close link between model theory that deals with what is true in different models, and proof theory that studies what can be formally proven in particular formal systems. It was first proved by Kur... | Completeness theorem | 0.798748 |
85,677 | Breakthroughs in statistics, Volume III. Springer Series in Statistics: Perspectives in Statistics. New York: Springer-Verlag. | Peter Whittle (mathematician) | 0.798748 |
85,678 | Applied Microbiology International is based in the United Kingdom and has members from all over the world. There are several membership levels enabling anyone with an interest in microbiology become eligible for membership. | Microbial Biotechnology | 0.798747 |
85,679 | In theoretical physics, a local reference frame (local frame) refers to a coordinate system or frame of reference that is only expected to function over a small region or a restricted region of space or spacetime. The term is most often used in the context of the application of local inertial frames to small regions of... | Lab frame | 0.798747 |
85,680 | Anna B. Romanowska is a Polish mathematician specializing in abstract algebra. She is professor emeritus of algebra and combinatorics at the Warsaw University of Technology, and was the first convenor of European Women in Mathematics. | Anna Romanowska | 0.798747 |
85,681 | While the ESL mathematical model was completed for a line source by 1970, model refinement resulted in a “strip source”, emulating the horizontal extent of the roadway surface. This theory would be the precursor of area source dispersion models. But their focus was roadway simulation, so they proceeded with the develop... | Roadway air dispersion model | 0.798747 |
85,682 | Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals; that is, the way in which science is appl... | Metal physics | 0.798747 |
85,683 | As defined by Gartner, “DAM tools use several data collection mechanisms (such as server-based agent software and in-line or out-of-band network collectors), aggregate the data in a central location for analysis, and report based on behaviors that violate the security policies and/or signatures or indicate behavioral a... | Database activity monitoring | 0.798747 |
85,684 | From 1945 to 1946, Lehmer served on the Computations Committee at Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland, a group established as part of the Ballistics Research Laboratory to prepare the ENIAC for utilization following its completion at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering; the other Co... | D. H. Lehmer | 0.798746 |
85,685 | Born in a worker’s family in the Siberian village of Karasul (Tyumen Oblast), Yuri Shafranik graduated from Tyumen State Oil and Gas University in 1974 with a degree in electrical engineering of automation and remote-control systems. He earned his second degree in 1980 from the same University, majoring in mining engin... | Yuri Shafranik | 0.798746 |
85,686 | His work features mathematical objects and operations including impossible objects, explorations of infinity, reflection, symmetry, perspective, truncated and stellated polyhedra, hyperbolic geometry, and tessellations. Although Escher believed he had no mathematical ability, he interacted with the mathematicians Georg... | M. C. Escher | 0.798746 |
85,687 | However, a measurement always finds it in one state, but before and after the measurement, it interacts in ways that can only be explained by having a superposition of different states. Mathematically, much like waves in classical physics, any two (or more) quantum states can be added together ("superposed") and the re... | Quantum superposition | 0.798746 |
85,688 | Measures with this property are sometimes called Markov random fields. More strongly, the converse is also true: any positive probability distribution (nonzero density everywhere) having the Markov property can be represented as a Gibbs measure for an appropriate energy function. This is the Hammersley–Clifford theorem... | Gibbs random field | 0.798746 |
85,689 | The technique was first described by Semisotnov et al. (1991) using 1,8-ANS and quartz cuvettes. 3 Dimensional Pharmaceuticals were the first to describe a high-throughput version using a plate reader and Wyeth Research published a variation of the method with SYPRO Orange instead of 1,8-ANS. SYPRO Orange has an excita... | Thermal Shift Assay | 0.798745 |
85,690 | For any positive even integer 2n, where B2n is the 2n-th Bernoulli number. For odd positive integers, no such simple expression is known, although these values are thought to be related to the algebraic K-theory of the integers; see Special values of L-functions. For nonpositive integers, one has for n ≥ 0 (using the c... | Riemann's zeta function | 0.798745 |
85,691 | Hundreds of participants who were supposed to attend or present work at the Black in AI session on Friday were unable to fly to Canada; many of the participants were from African countries.The third workshop was held in NeurIPS 2019, one of the premier machine learning conferences Vancouver, Canada. The workshop was ab... | Black in AI | 0.798745 |
85,692 | Professor Schmidt is recognized as one of the founders of modern organic solid-state chemistry. At the Weizmann Institute, the work of his group centered around the development of X-ray crystallographic methods for the determination of molecular structures in order to understand the properties and reactivity of organic... | Gerhard Schmidt (crystallographer) | 0.798744 |
85,693 | The absorption rule may be expressed as a sequent: P → Q ⊢ P → ( P ∧ Q ) {\displaystyle P\to Q\vdash P\to (P\land Q)} where ⊢ {\displaystyle \vdash } is a metalogical symbol meaning that P → ( P ∧ Q ) {\displaystyle P\to (P\land Q)} is a syntactic consequence of ( P → Q ) {\displaystyle (P\rightarrow Q)} in some logica... | Absorption (logic) | 0.798744 |
85,694 | Because of the geometry of the layout, the two paths resulted in a reflection of the signal. Sutton tubes were used in a simpler design known as the "shunt branching circuit", which was T shaped with the transmitter and antenna located at either end of the horizontal portion of the T, and the receiver at the end of the... | Sutton tube | 0.798744 |
85,695 | The basic question about admissible rules of a given logic is whether the set of all admissible rules is decidable. Note that the problem is nontrivial even if the logic itself (i.e., its set of theorems) is decidable: the definition of admissibility of a rule A/B involves an unbounded universal quantifier over all pro... | Admissible rule | 0.798743 |
85,696 | He received the Ph.D. degree in geophysics from University of Istanbul in 1999. | Ferhat Ozcep | 0.798743 |
85,697 | In chemistry, a lyate ion is the anion derived by the deprotonation of a solvent molecule. For example, a hydroxide ion is formed by the deprotonation of water, and methoxide (CH3O−) is the anion formed by the deprotonation of methanol. Its counterpart is a lyonium ion, the cation formed by the protonation of a solvent... | Lyate ion | 0.798743 |
85,698 | In the United States and Europe, solid state became a prominent field through its investigations into semiconductors, superconductivity, nuclear magnetic resonance, and diverse other phenomena. During the early Cold War, research in solid state physics was often not restricted to solids, which led some physicists in th... | Solid State Physics | 0.798743 |
85,699 | 980) developed a variant of the theorem.Miscellaneousc. 810: Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom) set up in Baghdad. | Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world | 0.798743 |
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