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91,500 | Equivalently, X is perfectly normal if and only if every closed set is the zero set of a continuous function. The equivalence between these three characterizations is called Vedenissoff's theorem. Every perfectly normal space is completely normal, because perfect normality is a hereditary property.A T6 space, or perfec... | Normal Hausdorff space | 0.797537 |
91,501 | Several species of macaque are used extensively in animal testing, particularly in the neuroscience of visual perception and the visual system. Nearly all (73–100%) captive rhesus macaques are carriers of the herpes B virus. This virus is harmless to macaques, but infections of humans, while rare, are potentially fatal... | Macaque monkey | 0.797537 |
91,502 | Kötter's treatise "Fundamentals of a purely geometrical theory of algebraic plane curves" gained the 1886 prize of the Berlin Royal Academy.In 1901, he published his report on "The development of synthetic geometry from Monge to Staudt (1847)"; it had been sent to the press as early as 1897, but completion was deferred... | Ernst Kötter | 0.797537 |
91,503 | Several Nobel Prizes also have an indirect connection with insulin. George Minot, co-recipient of the 1934 Nobel Prize for the development of the first effective treatment for pernicious anemia, had diabetes mellitus. Dr. William Castle observed that the 1921 discovery of insulin, arriving in time to keep Minot alive, ... | Insulin | 0.797537 |
91,504 | Multiple, parallel QsNet networks can be employed in a system to maintain the compute to communications ratio where high CPU count SMP nodes are employed. The fat tree topology is resilient with large amounts of redundancy in the higher levels of the switch. Performance depends on platform used and configuration of the... | Quadrics (company) | 0.797537 |
91,505 | Patricia D. Shure is an American mathematics educator. With Morton Brown and B. Alan Taylor, she is known for developing "Michigan calculus", a style of teaching calculus and combining cooperative real-world problem solving by the students with an instructional focus on conceptual understanding. She is a senior lecture... | Patricia D. Shure | 0.797536 |
91,506 | The shim rods were 1,607 millimeters (63.25 in) long and 25 millimeters (1.0 in) in diameter, with a 100-centimeter (40 in) travel.The contract to manufacture the fuel elements was awarded to the Coors Porcelain Company. The process of making horseradish involved mixing sinterable BeO powder with oralloy uranyl nitrate... | Project Pluto | 0.797536 |
91,507 | Ket is an open source algebra editor. It is distinct from other editors which focus on automated computation such as integration or equation solving (Mathematica, Maple etc.) or on the presentation quality of the resulting document (e.g. LaTeX). The focus of Ket is to enable the user to perform algebra quickly and effi... | Ket (software) | 0.797536 |
91,508 | Children intuitively grasp these concepts. Fitness Comes in All Sizes: educate children about the genetics of body size and the normal changes occurring in the body. Discuss their fears and hopes about growing bigger. | Eating disorders | 0.797536 |
91,509 | In spherical astronomy, quadrature is the configuration of a celestial object in which its elongation is perpendicular to the direction of the Sun. It is applied especially to the position of a superior planet or the Moon at its first and last quarter phases. This is not to be confused with the Moon at dichotomy (exact... | Quadrature (astronomy) | 0.797536 |
91,510 | In mathematics, the Brauer group of a field K is an abelian group whose elements are Morita equivalence classes of central simple algebras over K, with addition given by the tensor product of algebras. It was defined by the algebraist Richard Brauer. The Brauer group arose out of attempts to classify division algebras ... | Brauer group | 0.797536 |
91,511 | Axioms is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that focuses on all aspects of mathematics, mathematical logic and mathematical physics. It was established in June 2012 and is published quarterly by MDPI.In September 2021 the journal was among the initial 13 journals included in the official Norwegian list of ... | Axioms (journal) | 0.797536 |
91,512 | Determinants are mainly used as a theoretical tool. They are rarely calculated explicitly in numerical linear algebra, where for applications such as checking invertibility and finding eigenvalues the determinant has largely been supplanted by other techniques. Computational geometry, however, does frequently use calcu... | Matrix determinant | 0.797536 |
91,513 | The molar attenuation coefficient is also known as the molar extinction coefficient and molar absorptivity, but the use of these alternative terms has been discouraged by the IUPAC. Molar concentrationMolar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concent... | Virtual leak | 0.797536 |
91,514 | Kai Simons is the son of a physics professor. His father convinced him to study medicine, though he originally wanted to study physics. While studying at the University of Helsinki, Simons spent a summer internship in the Stockholm laboratory of Bengt Samuelsson There, he studied mechanisms of vitamin B12 absorption. H... | Kai Simons | 0.797536 |
91,515 | It makes use of classic compass and straightedge construction, proving the theorem by a method similar to that employed by ancient Greek geometers. It is essentially the same algebraic proof as in the previous paragraph, viewed geometrically in another way. Let △ ABC be a right isosceles triangle with hypotenuse length... | Square root of two | 0.797535 |
91,516 | In condensed matter physics, the dynamic structure factor (or dynamical structure factor) is a mathematical function that contains information about inter-particle correlations and their time evolution. It is a generalization of the structure factor that considers correlations in both space and time. Experimentally, it... | Dynamic structure factor | 0.797535 |
91,517 | Similarly, carbon, phosphorus, selenium, silicon and sulfur all form binary compounds with yttrium at elevated temperatures.Organoyttrium chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon–yttrium bonds. A few of these are known to have yttrium in the oxidation state 0. (The +2 state has been observed in chloride me... | Yttrium | 0.797535 |
91,518 | Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Energy costs with a WWS system should be similar to today's energy costs.In general, Jacobson has said wind, water and solar technologies can provide 100 percent of the world's energy, elim... | 100% renewable energy | 0.797534 |
91,519 | The main property of the resultant is that it is zero if and only if P 1 , … , P n {\displaystyle P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}} have a nonzero common zero in an algebraically closed extension of k. The "only if" part of this theorem results from the last property of the preceding paragraph, and is an effective version of Projec... | Polynomial resultant | 0.797534 |
91,520 | They are also an algebraic link, a link that can be decomposed by Conway spheres into 2-tangles. They are the simplest alternating algebraic link which does not have a diagram that is simultaneously alternating and algebraic. It follows from the Tait conjectures that the crossing number of the Borromean rings (the fewe... | Borromean rings | 0.797534 |
91,521 | Many astrophysicists use computers in their work, and a growing number of astrophysics departments now have research groups specially devoted to computational astrophysics. Important research initiatives include the US Department of Energy (DoE) SciDAC collaboration for astrophysics and the now defunct European AstroSi... | Astrophysical simulations | 0.797534 |
91,522 | For example, almost any pair of points on a circle determines a unique line called the secant line, and as the two points move around the circle, the secant line varies continuously. However, when the two points collide, the secant line degenerates to a tangent line. The tangent line is unique, but the geometry of this... | Mathematical space | 0.797533 |
91,523 | More than 25 different generalizations of bent functions are described in Tokareva's 2015 monograph. There are algebraic generalizations (q-valued bent functions, p-ary bent functions, bent functions over a finite field, generalized Boolean bent functions of Schmidt, bent functions from a finite Abelian group into the ... | Bent function | 0.797533 |
91,524 | In 2003, he was appointed a Junior Research Fellow at Homerton College, Cambridge, and then took up an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship at Oxford in 2007, moving over to Jesus College two years later as a lecturer, and subsequently a fellow and tutor. In 2016, the university awarded him with the title Professor of Or... | Edward Anderson (chemist) | 0.797533 |
91,525 | }=0.110001000000000000000001000\ldots \,,} which does not satisfy Liouville's theorem, whichever degree n is chosen. This link between Diophantine approximations and transcendental number theory continues to the present day. Many of the proof techniques are shared between the two areas. | Diophantine approximations | 0.797533 |
91,526 | She was inducted into the Women in Technology International (WITI) Hall of Fame, and the Hall of Fame of ASU's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Jeffrey Post earn his PhD from ASU in (date needed) and serves as the Mineralogist and Curator-in-Charge of Gems and Minerals at the National Museum of Natural History, th... | School of Molecular Sciences (Arizona State University) | 0.797533 |
91,527 | Micromagnetics is a field of physics dealing with the prediction of magnetic behaviors at sub-micrometer length scales. The length scales considered are large enough for the atomic structure of the material to be ignored (the continuum approximation), yet small enough to resolve magnetic structures such as domain walls... | Micromagnetics | 0.797533 |
91,528 | The institute specializes in language comprehension, language production, language acquisition, language and genetics, and the relation between language and cognition. Its mission is to undertake basic research into the psychological, social and biological foundations of language. The goal is to understand how human mi... | Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics | 0.797533 |
91,529 | In physics, Newtonian dynamics (also known as Newtonian mechanics) is the study of the dynamics of a particle or a small body according to Newton's laws of motion. | Particle dynamics | 0.797533 |
91,530 | In mathematical analysis, the spaces of test functions and distributions are topological vector spaces (TVSs) that are used in the definition and application of distributions. Test functions are usually infinitely differentiable complex-valued (or sometimes real-valued) functions on a non-empty open subset U ⊆ R n {\di... | Spaces of test functions and distributions | 0.797533 |
91,531 | Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) is an organosilicon compound with the formula MeC(OSiMe3)NSiMe3 (Me = CH3). It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in diverse organic solvents, but reacts rapidly with moisture and solvents containing OH and NH groups. It is used in analytical chemistry to increase the volatility of... | Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide | 0.797532 |
91,532 | The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry. | Timeline of quantum mechanics | 0.797532 |
91,533 | Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include language, perception, memory, attention, reasoning, and emotion; to understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as linguistics, psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, neuroscience, and anthropology. The typical analysis o... | Cognitive Science | 0.797532 |
91,534 | Just as complex semisimple Lie algebras are classified by Dynkin diagrams, the real forms of a semisimple Lie algebra are classified by Satake diagrams, which are obtained from the Dynkin diagram of the complex form by labeling some vertices black (filled), and connecting some other vertices in pairs by arrows, accordi... | Split form | 0.797532 |
91,535 | Radialenes are investigated in organic chemistry for their unusual properties and reactivity but have not ventured outside the laboratory. Reported uses are as experimental building blocks for novel organic conductors and ferromagnets. The first radialene called hexaethylidencyclohexane was synthesised in 1961. | Radialene | 0.797532 |
91,536 | In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the Skolem–Noether theorem characterizes the automorphisms of simple rings. It is a fundamental result in the theory of central simple algebras. The theorem was first published by Thoralf Skolem in 1927 in his paper Zur Theorie der assoziativen Zahlensysteme (German: On the theo... | Skolem–Noether theorem | 0.797532 |
91,537 | The term p-process (p for proton) is used in two ways in the scientific literature concerning the astrophysical origin of the elements (nucleosynthesis). Originally it referred to a proton capture process which is the source of certain, naturally occurring, neutron-deficient isotopes of the elements from selenium to me... | P-process | 0.797532 |
91,538 | Modules therefore lead to a recursive (hierarchical) decomposition of the graph, instead of just a partition. There are variants of modular decomposition for undirected graphs and directed graphs. For each undirected graph, this decomposition is unique. This notion can be generalized to other structures (for example di... | Modular decomposition | 0.797531 |
91,539 | Artelys Knitro is a commercial software package for solving large scale nonlinear mathematical optimization problems. KNITRO – (the original solver name) short for "Nonlinear Interior point Trust Region Optimization" (the "K" is silent) – was co-created by Richard Waltz, Jorge Nocedal, Todd Plantenga and Richard Byrd. ... | Artelys Knitro | 0.797531 |
91,540 | {\displaystyle \pi :N\to M.} One may consider the Riemannian metric π*g on N . {\displaystyle N.} Since π {\displaystyle \pi } is a local diffeomorphism, Myers' theorem applies to the Riemannian manifold (N,π*g) and hence N {\displaystyle N} is compact. This implies that the fundamental group of M {\displaystyle M} is ... | Myers' theorem | 0.797531 |
91,541 | Quantum mechanics is a mathematical model that can provide some extremely accurate numerical predictions. Richard Feynman called quantum electrodynamics, based on the quantum-mechanics formalism, "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electr... | Quantum brain dynamics | 0.797531 |
91,542 | In molecular biology, SNORA14 (also known as ACA14) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines. | Small nucleolar RNA SNORA14 | 0.797531 |
91,543 | A Course of Pure Mathematics is a classic textbook in introductory mathematical analysis, written by G. H. Hardy. It is recommended for people studying calculus. First published in 1908, it went through ten editions (up to 1952) and several reprints. It is now out of copyright in UK and is downloadable from various int... | A Course of Pure Mathematics | 0.79753 |
91,544 | QuarkNet is a long-term, research-based teacher professional development program in the United States jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy. Since 1999, QuarkNet has established centers at universities and national laboratories conducting research in particle physics (also ca... | QuarkNet | 0.79753 |
91,545 | Although evidence exists for both adolescent hyper-responsiveness to rewards and hypo-responsiveness to rewards, the field of developmental neuroscience has generally converged on the view of hyper-responsiveness. In other words, that is, that adolescents are motivated, in part, to engage in greater reward-seeking beha... | Dual systems model | 0.79753 |
91,546 | The process of isolating a natural product from its source can be costly in terms of committed time and material expense, and it may challenge the availability of the relied upon natural resource (or have ecological consequences for the resource). For instance, it has been estimated that the bark of an entire yew tree ... | Natural source | 0.79753 |
91,547 | The MITRE Corporation begins a year-long demonstration of the TICCIT system among Reston, Virginia cable television subscribers. Interactive television services included informational and educational demonstrations using a touch-tone telephone. The National Science Foundation refunds the PLATO project and funds MITRE's... | History of virtual learning environments | 0.79753 |
91,548 | When transfer of matter into or out of the system is also prevented and no electrical or mechanical (sirring shaft or lift pumping) work is done, at constant pressure the enthalpy change equals the energy exchanged with the environment by heat. In chemistry, the standard enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change when... | Molar enthalpy | 0.797529 |
91,549 | In the summer of 1934, Chern graduated from Tsinghua with a master's degree, the first ever master's degree in mathematics issued in China.Yang Chen-Ning's father, Yang Ko-Chuen, another Chicago-trained professor at Tsinghua, but specializing in algebra, also taught Chern. At the same time, Chern was Chen-Ning Yang's t... | Shiing-Shen Chern | 0.797529 |
91,550 | Stability, in general, can be difficult to investigate, especially when the equation under consideration is nonlinear. In certain cases, von Neumann stability is necessary and sufficient for stability in the sense of Lax–Richtmyer (as used in the Lax equivalence theorem): The PDE and the finite difference scheme models... | Von Neumann stability analysis | 0.797529 |
91,551 | (eds.). Real Algebraic Geometry. Unitext. | Vladimir Arnold | 0.797528 |
91,552 | In geometry, a trisectrix is a curve which can be used to trisect an arbitrary angle with ruler and compass and this curve as an additional tool. Such a method falls outside those allowed by compass and straightedge constructions, so they do not contradict the well known theorem which states that an arbitrary angle can... | Trisectrix | 0.797528 |
91,553 | Another way of phrasing the result is that the Helly number of convex subsets of the integers is exactly 2 d {\displaystyle 2^{d}} . More generally, the Helly number of any discrete set of Euclidean points equals the maximum number of points that can be chosen to form the vertices of a convex polytope that contains no ... | Doignon's theorem | 0.797528 |
91,554 | The Quillen–Suslin theorem, which solves Serre's problem, is another deep result: if K is a field, or more generally a principal ideal domain, and R = K is a polynomial ring over K, then every projective module over R is free. This problem was first raised by Serre with K a field (and the modules being finitely generat... | Projective module | 0.797528 |
91,555 | This line of reasoning shows that if f {\displaystyle f} is periodic on a n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional space with p {\displaystyle p} continuous derivatives, the speed of convergence is O ( h p / d ) {\displaystyle O(h^{p/d})} . For very large dimension, the shows that Monte-Carlo integration is most likely a bette... | Trapezoidal rule | 0.797528 |
91,556 | Toda's theorem is a result that was proven by Seinosuke Toda in his paper "PP is as Hard as the Polynomial-Time Hierarchy" (1991) and was given the 1998 Gödel Prize. The theorem states that the entire polynomial hierarchy PH is contained in PPP; this implies a closely related statement, that PH is contained in P#P. | Structural complexity theory | 0.797528 |
91,557 | Fa-Yueh Wu (January 5, 1932 – January 21, 2020) was a Chinese-born theoretical physicist, mathematical physicist, and mathematician who studied and contributed to solid-state physics and statistical mechanics. | Fa-Yueh Wu | 0.797526 |
91,558 | Jacqueline Krim is an American condensed matter physicist specializing in nanotribology, the study of film growth, friction, and wetting of nanoscale surfaces. She is a Distinguished University Professor of Physics at North Carolina State University. | Jacqueline Krim | 0.797526 |
91,559 | After Ignatenko completed the requisite 10 classes of schooling, he enrolled in the Gomel vocational school of electrical engineering (PTU No. 81), studying to become an electrician. Following his graduation in 1978, he was assigned work at a mechanical fertilizer machine factory in Bobruisk. Ignatenko worked at the fa... | Vasily Ignatenko | 0.797526 |
91,560 | Kenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson (June 8, 1936 – June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in leveraging computers for studying particle physics. He was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on phase transitions—illuminating the subtle essence of phenomena like melting ice and emergin... | Kenneth G. Wilson | 0.797526 |
91,561 | The most serious security problems with software-based systems are those that develop when the software requirements are incorrect, inappropriate, or incomplete for the system situation. Unfortunately, errors or omissions in requirements are more difficult to identify. For example, the software may perform exactly as r... | Software Security Assurance | 0.797526 |
91,562 | Linear time-invariant circuits are important because they can process analog signals without introducing intermodulation distortion. This means that separate frequencies in the signal stay separate and do not mix, creating new frequencies (heterodynes). They are also easier to understand and analyze. Because they obey ... | Linear circuit | 0.797526 |
91,563 | When this is the case, kP does not exist on the original curve, and in the computations we found some v with either gcd(v,p) = p or gcd(v, q) = q, but not both. That is, gcd(v, n) gave a non-trivial factor of n. ECM is at its core an improvement of the older p − 1 algorithm. The p − 1 algorithm finds prime factors p su... | Elliptic curve method | 0.797526 |
91,564 | The Journal of Geometry and Physics is a scientific journal in mathematical physics. Its scope is to stimulate the interaction between geometry and physics by publishing primary research and review articles which are of common interest to practitioners in both fields. The journal is published by Elsevier since 1984. Th... | Journal of Geometry and Physics | 0.797526 |
91,565 | Sergei Tretyakov has received the Engineer's degree and the Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree in radiophysics from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, USSR in 1980 and 1987, respectively. In 1994 he was granted a Docent Diploma by the Ministry of Education of Russian Federation and in the following year he received D... | Sergei Tretyakov (scientist) | 0.797525 |
91,566 | Based on QR decomposition, an algorithm (QRLS) has been further simplified to have an O(N) complexity. Consequently, this reduces memory usage and time cost significantly. A parallel pipeline array structure on implementing this algorithm has been introduced.Overall by utilizing QRLS algorithm, the CMAC neural network ... | Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller | 0.797525 |
91,567 | Computer engineering (CE) is a branch of engineering that integrates several fields of computer science and electronic engineering required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware-software in... | Engineering | 0.797525 |
91,568 | A representation of an algebra A is an algebra homomorphism ρ: A → End(V) from A to the endomorphism algebra of some vector space (or module) V. The property of ρ being an algebra homomorphism means that ρ preserves the multiplicative operation (that is, ρ(xy) = ρ(x)ρ(y) for all x and y in A), and that ρ sends the unit... | Linear associative algebra | 0.797524 |
91,569 | developmental biology diakinesis In meiosis, the fifth and final substage of prophase I, following diplonema and preceding metaphase I. During diakinesis, the chromosomes are further condensed, the two centrosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, and the spindle apparatus begins to extend from the poles to the equator... | Glossary of cell biology | 0.797524 |
91,570 | If even Y = X and f: X → X admits an inverse function f −1, negative functional powers f −n are defined for n > 0 as the negated power of the inverse function: f −n = (f −1)n.Note: If f takes its values in a ring (in particular for real or complex-valued f ), there is a risk of confusion, as f n could also stand for th... | Ring operator | 0.797524 |
91,571 | The Alan Turing Institute is the indirect product of a letter from the Council for Science and Technology (CST) to the UK prime minister (7 June 2013), describing the "Age of Algorithms". The letter presents a case that "The Government, working with the universities and industry, should create a National Centre to prom... | Alan Turing Institute | 0.797524 |
91,572 | The protagonists of these games are equipped with a "Nano Suit", which enables them to become stronger, invisible, heavily armored, etc. In Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 (2009), Reed Richards creates nanites that are meant to control the minds of supervillains. However, the nanites evolve into a group mind called the Fol... | Nanotechnology in fiction | 0.797524 |
91,573 | Python-based Simulations of Chemistry Framework (PySCF) is an ab initio computational chemistry program natively implemented in Python program language. The package aims to provide a simple, light-weight and efficient platform for quantum chemistry code developing and calculation. It provides various functions to do th... | PySCF | 0.797523 |
91,574 | Named after René Descartes (1596–1650), French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept of Cartesian product, which was later generalized to the notion of categorical product. | Cartesian closed | 0.797523 |
91,575 | The evolutionary approach is key to much current research in biology that does not set out to study evolution per se, especially in organismal biology and ecology. For example, evolutionary thinking is key to life history theory. Annotation of genes and their function relies heavily on comparative, that is evolutionary... | Applications of evolution | 0.797523 |
91,576 | This proof does not actually require that the game always be over in a finite number of moves, only that it be over in a finite number of moves whenever II wins. That condition, topologically, is that the set A is closed. This fact—that all closed games are determined—is called the Gale–Stewart theorem. Note that by sy... | Infinite game | 0.797523 |
91,577 | Four main academic journals cover inverse problems in general: Inverse Problems Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering Inverse Problems and ImagingMany journals on medical imaging, geophysics, non-destructive testing, etc. are dominated by inverse problems in those areas. | Observation function | 0.797523 |
91,578 | This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. She worked to gain hands-on experience during a time when computer science courses were uncommon and software engineering courses did not ... | Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) | 0.797523 |
91,579 | There are another 90 professors who hold endowed or distinguished titles on other levels. According to the 2020 Web of Science highly cited researchers list, there are 9 professors from Shanghai University listed, making SHU the third largest home institute for top 1% highly cited researchers in Shanghai, after Shangha... | Shanghai University | 0.797523 |
91,580 | Liebig, Berzelius, and Wohler rejected the ideas of Schwann, Latour and Kutzing. In 1839, Liebig and Wohler published a paper on the role of yeast in alcoholic fermentation. In 1858, Liebig's student Moritz Traube enunciated the theorem, which was used for alcoholic fermentation, that all fermentations produced by livi... | Liebig–Pasteur dispute | 0.797522 |
91,581 | Automated grid generation is one of the great advantages of OpenLB over other CFD software packages. The main advantages are listed below: Use of geometries in the STL file format or geometrically primitive forms (e.g. ball, cylinder, cone) and their union, intersection and difference Very fast voxelization: 6003 ~ 1 m... | OpenLB | 0.797522 |
91,582 | A convex optimization problem is an optimization problem in which the objective function is a convex function and the feasible set is a convex set. A function f {\displaystyle f} mapping some subset of R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} into R ∪ { ± ∞ } {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \cup \{\pm \infty \}} is convex if it... | Convex programming | 0.797522 |
91,583 | In geometry, curve sketching (or curve tracing) are techniques for producing a rough idea of overall shape of a plane curve given its equation, without computing the large numbers of points required for a detailed plot. It is an application of the theory of curves to find their main features. | Curve sketching | 0.797522 |
91,584 | Above a certain threshold size, which varies with planetary gravity, the collapse and modification of the transient cavity is much more extensive, and the resulting structure is called a complex crater. The collapse of the transient cavity is driven by gravity, and involves both the uplift of the central region and the... | Meteor crater | 0.797522 |
91,585 | In 2022, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research announced scenario-based safety validation of self-driving trucks in cooperation with Torc Robotics. | Scenario (vehicular automation) | 0.797521 |
91,586 | This proposal was criticized by many for weakening the meaning of the term. The eventual definition adopted by the IAU added an additional requirement, that a body must have cleared its neighborhood of all other sizable objects, language that Gingerich was “not at all pleased” with.After some early astronomical researc... | Owen Gingerich | 0.797521 |
91,587 | However, the concentration gradients were proved to be arbitrary as low concentrations of non-essential metals (like lithium or helium) in essential metals (like sodium or potassium) can cause an adverse effect in biological systems and vice versa.Investigations into biometals and their effects date back to the 19th ce... | Biometal (biology) | 0.797521 |
91,588 | Susskind writes in the preface that the book is mainly about "the scientific explanations of the apparent miracles of physics and cosmology and its philosophical implications". The book deals with the Anthropic principle. The earlier chapters deal with topics such as quantum electrodynamics, Feynman diagrams and quantu... | The Cosmic Landscape | 0.797521 |
91,589 | He also worked on CAMAL, a system for algebraic manipulation used for lunar theory calculations.After the University of Cambridge, Bourne spent nine years at Bell Labs with the Seventh Edition Unix team. Besides the Bourne shell, he wrote the adb debugger and The Unix System, the second book on the topic, intended for ... | Stephen R. Bourne | 0.797521 |
91,590 | Notice that this characterization also depends on the surrounding space X , {\displaystyle X,} because whether or not a sequence or net converges in X {\displaystyle X} depends on what points are present in X . {\displaystyle X.} A point x {\displaystyle x} in X {\displaystyle X} is said to be close to a subset A ⊆ X {... | Closed subset | 0.79752 |
91,591 | By virtue of the linearity property of optical non-coherent imaging systems, i.e., Image(Object1 + Object2) = Image(Object1) + Image(Object2)the image of an object in a microscope or telescope as a non-coherent imaging system can be computed by expressing the object-plane field as a weighted sum of 2D impulse functions... | Point Spread Function | 0.79752 |
91,592 | The ergodic hypothesis is often assumed in the statistical analysis of computational physics. The analyst would assume that the average of a process parameter over time and the average over the statistical ensemble are the same. This assumption—that it is as good to simulate a system over a long time as it is to make m... | Absorbing barrier (finance) | 0.79752 |
91,593 | Here is an elaboration of the proof given previously, for a reader new to graph theory. This diagram numbers the colors of the vertices of the example given previously. The small triangles whose vertices all have different numbers are shaded in the graph. Each small triangle becomes a node in the new graph derived from... | Sperner's Lemma | 0.79752 |
91,594 | Independent and identically distributed random variables are often used as an assumption, which tends to simplify the underlying mathematics. In practical applications of statistical modeling, however, the assumption may or may not be realistic.The i.i.d. assumption is also used in central limit theorem, which states t... | Independent identically distributed | 0.79752 |
91,595 | To quote again from my Alfred Watson Memorial Lecture , there was "…no biological knowledge to support (or to refute) Pott's observation in the 18th century of the excess of cancer in chimney sweeps. It was lack of biological knowledge in the 19th that led to a prize essayist writing on the value and the fallacy of sta... | Biological plausibility | 0.79752 |
91,596 | 46 (1997), no. 3, 406–480. (with Tobias Colding)2001 Yakov Eliashberg for:Combinatorial methods in symplectic geometry. Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Vol. | Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry | 0.79752 |
91,597 | In physics, the supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) approximation is an extension of the WKB approximation that uses principles from supersymmetric quantum mechanics to provide estimations on energy eigenvalues in quantum-mechanical systems. Using the supersymmetric method, there are potentials V ( x ) {\displaystyle V(x)} that ... | Supersymmetric WKB approximation | 0.797519 |
91,598 | One in ten was not sure.A 2019 Gallup creationism survey found that 40% of adults in the United States inclined to the belief that "God created humans in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years" when asked for their beliefs regarding the origin and development of human beings. 22% believed that "hum... | Creation and evolution in public education in the United States | 0.797519 |
91,599 | The latter condition is always satisfied if E has characteristic 0. For a finite Galois extension, the Galois group Gal(F/E) is the group of field automorphisms of F that are trivial on E (i.e., the bijections σ: F → F that preserve addition and multiplication and that send elements of E to themselves). The importance ... | Field (mathematics) | 0.797519 |
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