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98,900 | Superconducting computing is a form of cryogenic computing that utilizes the unique properties of superconductors, including zero resistance wires and ultrafast switching, to encode, process, and transport data using single flux quanta. It is often used in quantum computing and requires cooling to cryogenic temperature... | Unconventional computing | 0.796046 |
98,901 | Endomorphisms, linear maps f: V → V, are particularly important since in this case vectors v can be compared with their image under f, f(v). Any nonzero vector v satisfying λv = f(v), where λ is a scalar, is called an eigenvector of f with eigenvalue λ. Equivalently, v is an element of the kernel of the difference f − ... | Real vector space | 0.796046 |
98,902 | Ablowitz received his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from University of Rochester, and completed his Ph.D. in Mathematics under the supervision of David Benney at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971. | Mark J. Ablowitz | 0.796046 |
98,903 | Nuclear electronics is a subfield of electronics concerned with the design and use of high-speed electronic systems for nuclear physics and elementary particle physics research, and for industrial and medical use. Essential elements of such systems include fast detectors for charged particles, discriminators for separa... | Nuclear electronics | 0.796046 |
98,904 | This includes the method of conjugate gradients, Nordsieck methods, Gaussian quadrature rules, and quasi-Newton methods. In all these cases, the classic method is based on a regularized least-squares estimate that can be associated with the posterior mean arising from a Gaussian prior and likelihood. In such cases, the... | Probabilistic numerics | 0.796046 |
98,905 | In number theory, more specifically in local class field theory, the ramification groups are a filtration of the Galois group of a local field extension, which gives detailed information on the ramification phenomena of the extension. | Lower numbering | 0.796046 |
98,906 | The Nobel Laureates in chemistry are selected by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In its first stage, several thousand people are asked to nominate candidates. These names are scrutinized and discussed by experts until only the laureates remain. This slow and t... | Nobel Prize in Chemistry | 0.796045 |
98,907 | In industrial chemistry, carboalkoxylation is a process for converting alkenes to esters. This reaction is a form of carbonylation. A closely related reaction is hydrocarboxylation, which employs water in place of alcohols A commercial application is the carbomethoxylation of ethylene to give methyl propionate: C2H4 + ... | Carboalkoxylation | 0.796045 |
98,908 | The Strejc system identification method allows the estimate of the transfer function of a non-periodic, black box-type system based on its step response and is widely used in all branches of industrial and mechanical engineering. It allows specifically to estimate the order n of the studied system, its time constant an... | Strejc method | 0.796045 |
98,909 | DL-DSR (Dynamic Local DSR-based TM)This protocol, based on the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing algorithm, recreates the paths of disconnected nodes when a node fails. In all of the above protocols can be found in. In Atarraya, two version of each of these protocols are implemented with different triggers: one by t... | Topology control | 0.796045 |
98,910 | The only exception is if the net heat transfer is zero, as in a complete thermodynamic cycle or in an individual isentropic (frictionless adiabatic) process, and even then this reversible process must be reversed, to restore the gas to the original pressure and specific volume, and thus density. Only then is the origin... | Bernoulli's Law | 0.796045 |
98,911 | In 1928, Paul Dirac extended the Pauli equation, which described spinning electrons, to account for special relativity. The result was a theory that dealt properly with events, such as the speed at which an electron orbits the nucleus, occurring at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. By using the simplest ele... | Basic concepts of quantum mechanics | 0.796045 |
98,912 | Péter Kiss ((1937-03-05)March 5, 1937 – (2002-03-05)March 5, 2002) was a Hungarian mathematician, Doctor of Mathematics, and professor of mathematics at Eszterházy Károly College, who specialized in number theory. In 1992 he won the Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize for his achievements. | Péter Kiss (mathematician) | 0.796044 |
98,913 | Precisely, an inflection point of a doubly continuously differentiable ( C 2 {\displaystyle C^{2}} ) curve on the surface of a sphere is a point p {\displaystyle p} with the following property: let I {\displaystyle I} be the connected component containing p {\displaystyle p} of the intersection of the curve with its ta... | Tennis ball theorem | 0.796044 |
98,914 | Strings admit the following interpretation as nodes on a graph, where k is the number of symbols in Σ: Fixed-length strings of length n can be viewed as the integer locations in an n-dimensional hypercube with sides of length k-1. Variable-length strings (of finite length) can be viewed as nodes on a perfect k-ary tree... | Character string (computer science) | 0.796044 |
98,915 | From immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and subcellular fractionation studies of the molecule, it has been found that huntingtin is primarily associated with vesicles and microtubules. These appear to indicate a functional role in cytoskeletal anchoring or transport of mitochondria. The Htt protein is involved ... | Huntingtin protein | 0.796044 |
98,916 | Evidence-based studies indicate that longevity is based on two major factors: genetics and lifestyle. | Longevity | 0.796044 |
98,917 | In NMR spectroscopy, e.g. of the nuclei 1H, 13C and 29Si, frequencies depend on the magnetic field, which is not the same across all experiments. Therefore, frequencies are reported as relative differences to tetramethylsilane (TMS), an internal standard that George Tiers proposed in 1958 and that the International Uni... | Internal standard | 0.796044 |
98,918 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA U2-30 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar... | Small nucleolar RNA U2-30 | 0.796044 |
98,919 | The third edition features new sections on generalised coordinate transformations, nutation, aberration, and selenographic coordinates. The fourth edition, coauthored by Jonathan Zwart, adds "or Spreadsheet" to the end of the title.The book has been used by amateur astronomers and those studying introductory astronomy.... | Practical Astronomy with Your Calculator | 0.796043 |
98,920 | See also this List of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras. The finite-dimensional theory is greatly governed by a theory of root systems and Dynkin diagrams, strikingly similar to those of semisimple Lie algebras. A comprehensive introduction is found in the lecture of Heckenberger. | Nichols algebra | 0.796043 |
98,921 | US maize yields were flat until the 1930s, when the adoption of conventional hybrid seeds caused them to increase by ~.8 bushels/acre (1937–1955). Thereafter a combination of improved genetics, fertilizer and pesticide availability and mechanization raised the rate of increase to 1.9 bushels per acre per year. In the y... | GMO labeling | 0.796043 |
98,922 | Work of Grothendieck and David Mumford (see geometric invariant theory) opened up this area in the early 1960s. The more algebraic and abstract approach to moduli problems is to set them up as a representable functor question, then apply a criterion that singles out the representable functors for schemes. When this pro... | Coarse moduli space | 0.796043 |
98,923 | A study on the morphology, paleoecology, historical biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of fossil pollen of members of Malvaceae belonging to the species Rhoipites guianensis and Malvacipolloides maristellae, and on its implications for inferring the impact of Cenozoic geological processes (including the uplift... | 2019 in paleobotany | 0.796043 |
98,924 | Office of Education support, explored its use as an auxiliary resource in eight elementary and secondary schools served by the BBN time-sharing system. Students were introduced to TELCOMP and then worked on standard arithmetic, algebra, and trigonometry problems by writing TELCOMP programs. | Wally Feurzeig | 0.796043 |
98,925 | Some essayists argue that AI has already become an integral part of human culture; geneticist George M. Church suggests that modern human are already "transhumans" when compared with humans in the Stone Age. Many of the essays are influenced by past failures of AI. MIT's Neil Gershenfeld states "Discussions about artif... | Possible Minds | 0.796042 |
98,926 | Mesa has an "imperative" and "algebraic" syntax, based on ALGOL and Pascal rather than on BCPL or C; for instance, compound commands are indicated by the BEGIN and END keywords rather than braces. In Mesa, all keywords are written in uppercase.Due to PARC's using the 1963 variant of ASCII rather than the more common 19... | Mesa programming language | 0.796042 |
98,927 | The earliest chemical recipes to generate artificial halos has been put forward by Brewster and studied further by A. Cornu in 1889. The idea was to generate crystals by precipitation of a salt solution. The innumerable small crystals hereby generated will then, upon illumination with light, cause halos corresponding t... | Halo (optical phenomenon) | 0.796042 |
98,928 | McKusick's study of genetics among the Amish is perhaps his most famous research. On his first trip to Amish homes, he was accompanied by David Krusen who had an extensive medical practice among the Amish in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. McKusick spoke about his introduction to Krusen's work, stating, "He indicated to the ... | Victor A. McKusick | 0.796042 |
98,929 | A simple earthquake path in Teichmüller space is a path determined by varying a single shear or length Fenchel–Nielsen coordinate (for a fixed ideal triangulation of a surface). The name comes from seeing the ideal triangles or the pants as tectonic plates and the shear as plate motion. More generally one can do earthq... | Teichmüller theory | 0.796042 |
98,930 | As with all quantum mechanics problems, if the boundary conditions are changed so does the wave function. If a particle is confined to the motion of an entire ring ranging from 0 to 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } , the particle is subject only to a periodic boundary condition (see particle in a ring). If a particle is confi... | Semicircular potential well | 0.796042 |
98,931 | (2014). Truth, control, and value motivations: The ‘what’, ‘how’, and ‘why’ of approach and avoidance. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8,194. | E. Tory Higgins | 0.796041 |
98,932 | The symplectic product ⊙ {\displaystyle \odot } gives the commutation relations of elements of Π {\displaystyle \Pi }: N ( u ) N ( v ) = ( − 1 ) ( u ⊙ v ) N ( v ) N ( u ) . {\displaystyle N\left(u\right)N\left(v\right)=\left(-1\right)^{\left(u\odot v\right)}N\left(v\right)N\left(u\right).} The symplectic product and th... | Stabilizer code | 0.796041 |
98,933 | The Deputy Directorate for Reports and Testing Infrastructures. The Department for Innovation of Artificial Intelligence Systems. The Department for Artificial Intelligence Systems aimed at Public Administrations. | Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence | 0.796041 |
98,934 | Bayesian inference refers to a probabilistic method developed by Reverend Thomas Bayes based on Bayes' theorem. Published posthumously in 1763 it was the first expression of inverse probability and the basis of Bayesian inference. Independently, unaware of Bayes' work, Pierre-Simon Laplace developed Bayes' theorem in 1... | Bayesian inference in phylogeny | 0.79604 |
98,935 | Another result called "Roth's theorem", from 1953, is in arithmetic combinatorics and concerns sequences of integers with no three in arithmetic progression. These sequences had been studied in 1936 by Paul Erdős and Pál Turán, who conjectured that they must be sparse. However, in 1942, Raphaël Salem and Donald C. Spen... | Klaus Roth | 0.79604 |
98,936 | Chapters 12–14 give theorems for chord geometry as well as a table of chords. Book II describes the principles of spherical astronomy as a basis for the arguments developed in the following books and gives a comprehensive catalogue of the fixed stars. Book III describes his work on the precession of the equinoxes and t... | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium | 0.79604 |
98,937 | After twenty years of work at Bell Laboratories and Bellcore, Chung decided to go back to the University of Pennsylvania to become a professor of mathematics. In 1998, she was named Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, San Diego.Beyond her contributions to graph theory, Chung has used... | Fan Chung | 0.796039 |
98,938 | In quantum physics, entanglement depth characterizes the strength of multiparticle entanglement. An entanglement depth k {\displaystyle k} means that the quantum state of a particle ensemble cannot be described under the assumption that particles interacted with each other only in groups having fewer than k {\displayst... | Entanglement depth | 0.796039 |
98,939 | Löb did research on proof theory, modal logic and computability theory. He formulated Löb's theorem in 1955, as a formal version of Löb's paradox, that statements that assert their own provability must be true (similar to Gödel's incompleteness theorem). Löb's wife, Caroline, was Dutch. | Martin Löb | 0.796039 |
98,940 | Because c 2 = ( d x / d t ) 2 + ( d y / d t ) 2 + ( d z / d t ) 2 + ( c d τ / d t ) 2 {\displaystyle c^{2}=(dx/dt)^{2}+(dy/dt)^{2}+(dz/dt)^{2}+(cd\tau /dt)^{2}} implies that photons travel at the speed of light in the subspace {x, y, z} and baryonic matter that is at rest in {x, y, z} travels normal to photons along τ ... | Special relativity (alternative formulations) | 0.796039 |
98,941 | In 1797 AD, Carl Friedrich Gauss published a proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra but expressed his doubts at the time about "the true metaphysics of the square root of −1".However, European mathematicians, for the most part, resisted the concept of negative numbers until the middle of the 19th century. In the 1... | Negative number | 0.796039 |
98,942 | One nice application of the proof of this theorem is the identification of autoequivalences of the derived category of a smooth projective variety with ample (anti-)canonical sheaf. This is given by Auteq ( D b ( X ) ) ≅ ( Pic ( X ) ⋊ Aut ( X ) ) × Z {\displaystyle \operatorname {Auteq} (D^{b}(X))\cong (\operator... | Derived noncommutative algebraic geometry | 0.796038 |
98,943 | In 2006, she led the Adaptive Sampling and Prediction project, which used 10 underwater vehicles to form an automated and adaptive ocean observing system in Monterey Bay.In developing algorithms for robot control, she integrates physics and fluid mechanics with research about uncertainty and collective decision-making.... | Naomi Leonard | 0.796038 |
98,944 | Hiley also pursued further work on the thought experiments set out by Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (the EPR paradox) and by Lucien Hardy (Hardy's paradox), in particular considering the relation to special relativity.In the late 1990s, Hiley expanded further on the notion he had developed with Bohm on the description of qua... | Basil Hiley | 0.796038 |
98,945 | The hook is free to swing left and right through an arc of about 5 degrees and can engage with the D-pin in an opposing coupler. During coupling, once opposing front plates are in contact, a pneumatic actuator within the left-hand void drives a (partially) wedge-shaped block behind the outer edge of the opposing hook t... | Tomlinson coupler | 0.796038 |
98,946 | Guido Castelnuovo proved that any complex surface such that q and P2 (the irregularity and second plurigenus) both vanish is rational. This is used in the Enriques–Kodaira classification to identify the rational surfaces. Zariski (1958) proved that Castelnuovo's theorem also holds over fields of positive characteristic... | Rational surface | 0.796037 |
98,947 | Topologically, it is the n-sphere, but there is no notion of length defined on it, just of angle between curves. Equivalently, this geometry is described as an equivalence class of Riemannian metrics on the sphere (called a conformal class). The group of transformations that preserve angles on the sphere is the Lorentz... | Parabolic geometry (differential geometry) | 0.796037 |
98,948 | In 1912 Max Von Laue directed X-rays at crystallized copper sulfate generating a diffraction pattern. These experiments led to the development of X-ray crystallography, and its usage in exploring biological structures. In 1951, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used X-ray diffraction patterns to capture the first i... | Structural Biology | 0.796037 |
98,949 | MeshLab is available for most platforms, including Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and, with reduced functionality, on Android and iOS and even as a pure client-side JavaScript application called MeshLabJS. The system supports input/output in the following formats: PLY, STL, OFF, OBJ, 3DS, VRML 2.0, X3D and COLLADA. MeshLab c... | MeshLab | 0.796037 |
98,950 | The 8th CGPM (1933) resolved to work with other international bodies to agree to standards for electrical units that could be related back to the international prototypes. This was agreed in principle by the International Electrotechnical Commission at its congress in Brussels in 1935 subject to the choice of the fourt... | Metre Convention | 0.796037 |
98,951 | 1979: After graduating from Komaba Toho High School, entered the Faculty of Foreign Languages at Sophia University. 1981: University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Communication. 1983: Graduated from Sophia University Faculty of Foreign Studies, Department of English (Linguistics). 1985 - 1987: Research scientist/f... | Hideto Tomabechi | 0.796036 |
98,952 | In theoretical physics, a non-abelian gauge transformation means a gauge transformation taking values in some group G, the elements of which do not obey the commutative law when they are multiplied. By contrast, the original choice of gauge group in the physics of electromagnetism had been U(1), which is commutative. F... | Non-abelian gauge transformation | 0.796036 |
98,953 | The twister sister ribozyme (TS) is an RNA structure that catalyzes its own cleavage at a specific site. In other words, it is a self-cleaving ribozyme. The twister sister ribozyme was discovered by a bioinformatics strategy as an RNA Associated with Genes Associated with Twister and Hammerhead ribozymes, or RAGATH. Th... | Twister sister ribozyme | 0.796035 |
98,954 | A non-exhaustive list of training and certification programs specific to TBI are listed below. Masters In Translational Bioinformatics University of Southern California, Oregon Clinical and Translational Institute Bioinformatics and Translational-Clinical Research Program Boston University School of Medicine, Universit... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.796035 |
98,955 | In number theory, functions of positive integers which respect products are important and are called completely multiplicative functions or totally multiplicative functions. A weaker condition is also important, respecting only products of coprime numbers, and such functions are called multiplicative functions. Outside... | Completely multiplicative | 0.796035 |
98,956 | In the first process, a flat copper wire, which is usually already enameled, is continuously unwound and straightened in several stages to reduce residual curvature and stresses. In preparation for welding of the copper ends in a later process step, this insulation is partially removed. Laser-based and mechanical proce... | Hairpin technology | 0.796035 |
98,957 | The term Steiner construction typically refers to any geometric construction that utilizes the straightedge tool only, and is sometimes simply called a straightedge-only construction. No stipulations are made about what geometric objects already exist in the plane, and no implications are made about what is or is not p... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.796035 |
98,958 | The density parameter Ω is defined as the ratio of the actual (or observed) density ρ to the critical density ρc of the Friedmann universe. The relation between the actual density and the critical density determines the overall geometry of the universe; when they are equal, the geometry of the universe is flat (Euclide... | Density parameter | 0.796035 |
98,959 | During this period his interest in astronomy and optics increased. In Mittweida he had hoped to study with Dr. Karl Strehl, a noted optical theorist. Strehl, however, had recently departed. Gradually, Schmidt found his true calling, namely the grinding and polishing of highly precise optics for astronomical application... | Bernhard Schmidt | 0.796035 |
98,960 | Staudinger's groundbreaking elucidation of the nature of the high-molecular weight compounds he termed Makromoleküle paved the way for the birth of the field of polymer chemistry. Staudinger himself saw the potential for this science long before it was fully realized. "It is not improbable," Staudinger commented in 193... | Hermann Staudinger | 0.796034 |
98,961 | Superstabilization is a concept of fault-tolerance in distributed computing. Superstabilizing distributed algorithms combine the features of self-stabilizing algorithms and dynamic algorithms. A superstabilizing algorithm – just like any other self-stabilizing algorithm – can be started in an arbitrary state, and it wi... | Superstabilization | 0.796034 |
98,962 | Probabilistic numerical methods have been developed in the context of stochastic optimization for deep learning, in particular to address main issues such as learning rate tuning and line searches, batch-size selection, early stopping, pruning, and first- and second-order search directions.In this setting, the optimiza... | Probabilistic numerics | 0.796034 |
98,963 | Every finite poset is directed complete and algebraic. Thus any bounded-complete finite poset trivially is a Scott domain. The natural numbers with an additional top element ω constitute an algebraic lattice, hence a Scott domain. For more examples in this direction, see the article on algebraic lattices. | Scott domain | 0.796034 |
98,964 | {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{F(\operatorname {p} )}}H(t)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}{\frac {t^{n}}{n!}}H(t).} Applying this rule, solving any linear differential equation is reduced to a purely algebraic problem. Heaviside went further, and defined fractional power of p, thus establishing a connection between operational c... | Operational calculus | 0.796034 |
98,965 | Since the potential energy is (stated to be) zero, the total energy E is equal to the kinetic energy, which has the same form as in classical physics: As for all quantum particles free or bound, the Heisenberg uncertainty principles Δ p x Δ x ≥ ℏ 2 {\textstyle \Delta p_{x}\Delta x\geq {\frac {\hbar }{2}}} apply. It is ... | Free particle | 0.796034 |
98,966 | For example, a 25 MW / 52 MWh deployment of Powerpacks began testing in November 2019 at the Lake Bonney Wind Farm in South Australia.Large-scale battery storage solutions such as the Megapack are becoming more economically viable for utility companies to implement due to the declining price of lithium-ion battery tech... | Tesla Megapack | 0.796033 |
98,967 | Formally, Gaussian curvature only depends on the Riemannian metric of the surface. This is Gauss's celebrated Theorema Egregium, which he found while concerned with geographic surveys and mapmaking. An intrinsic definition of the Gaussian curvature at a point P is the following: imagine an ant which is tied to P with a... | Flat space | 0.796033 |
98,968 | However most users choose passwords in predictable ways and many passwords are short enough that all possible combinations can be tested if fast hashes are used, even if the hash is rated secure against preimage attacks. Special hashes called key derivation functions have been created to slow searches. See Password cra... | Preimage resistance | 0.796033 |
98,969 | Derrick's theorem is an argument by physicist G. H. Derrick which shows that stationary localized solutions to a nonlinear wave equation or nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation in spatial dimensions three and higher are unstable. | Derrick's theorem | 0.796033 |
98,970 | Cartesian tensors are as in tensor algebra, but Euclidean structure of and restriction of the basis brings some simplifications compared to the general theory. The general tensor algebra consists of general mixed tensors of type (p, q): with basis elements: the components transform according to: as for the bases: For C... | Cartesian tensor | 0.796033 |
98,971 | Vectra AI employs a unique array of artificial intelligence techniques, including supervised (pre-trained), unsupervised machine learning and deep learning techniques, to detect and respond to in-progress cyberattacks in real time. The product’s algorithms continuously learn the behavioral norms of devices, user accoun... | Vectra AI | 0.796033 |
98,972 | In graph theory, a biconnected component (sometimes known as a 2-connected component) is a maximal biconnected subgraph. Any connected graph decomposes into a tree of biconnected components called the block-cut tree of the graph. The blocks are attached to each other at shared vertices called cut vertices or separating... | Biconnected component | 0.796033 |
98,973 | In genetics, a master regulator gene is a regulator gene at the top of a gene regulation hierarchy, particularly in regulatory pathways related to cell fate and differentiation. | Master regulator gene | 0.796032 |
98,974 | The exponents b i {\displaystyle b_{i}} refer to the b i {\displaystyle b_{i}} -fold direct sum. Choosing bases for the free modules in the resolution, the chain maps are given by matrices, and the definition requires the matrix entries to be zero or linear forms. An example of a Koszul algebra is a polynomial ring ove... | Koszul algebra | 0.796032 |
98,975 | Without the need for a trade-off between convergence ('exploitation') and divergence ('exploration'), an adaptive mechanism can be introduced. Adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) features better search efficiency than standard PSO. APSO can perform global search over the entire search space with a higher conver... | Particle Swarm Optimization | 0.796032 |
98,976 | Cauchy defined the center of curvature C as the intersection point of two infinitely close normal lines to the curve. The locus of centers of curvature for each point on the curve comprise the evolute of the curve. This term is generally used in physics regarding the study of lenses and mirrors (see radius of curvature... | Center of curvature | 0.796032 |
98,977 | Edwards in 1970.A backdoor in a login system might take the form of a hard coded user and password combination which gives access to the system. An example of this sort of backdoor was used as a plot device in the 1983 film WarGames, in which the architect of the "WOPR" computer system had inserted a hardcoded password... | Backdoor (computing) | 0.796032 |
98,978 | He suggests taking Ernest Nagel's theory of reduction, which insists on the derivability of all terms in the theory to be reduced from terms in the reducing theory and the bridging laws, as the canonical theory of reduction. Given generalized multiple realizability, the physical science part of these psychophysical bri... | Multiple realizability | 0.796031 |
98,979 | The qualification GRSC (Graduate of the Royal Society of Chemistry) was awarded from 1981 to 1995 for completion of college courses equivalent to an honours chemistry degree and validated by the RSC. It replaced the GRIC offered by the Royal Institute of Chemistry. | Royal Society of Chemistry | 0.796031 |
98,980 | Benzophenone is a common photosensitizer in photochemistry. It crosses from the S1 state into the triplet state with nearly 100% yield. The resulting diradical will abstract a hydrogen atom from a suitable hydrogen donor to form a ketyl radical. | Benzophenone | 0.796031 |
98,981 | It has been shown in classical optimal control theory that the LQ (or LQR) optimal control has the feedback form where K ( t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {K} (t)} is a properly dimensioned matrix, given as and S ( t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {S} (t)} is the solution of the differential Riccati equation. The differential Ric... | Optimal Control Theory | 0.796031 |
98,982 | Although not analytically clear from the original paper, the reason why all the values of z obtained with the SW algorithm are much lower than the exact lower bound for single-spin-flip algorithms ( z ≥ γ / ν {\displaystyle z\geq \gamma /\nu } ) is that the correlation length divergence is strictly related to the forma... | Swendsen–Wang algorithm | 0.796031 |
98,983 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U95 (also known as SNORD95 or Z38) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a... | Small nucleolar RNA SNORD95 | 0.796031 |
98,984 | The appropriate notion of a morphism between two lattices flows easily from the above algebraic definition. Given two lattices ( L , ∨ L , ∧ L ) {\displaystyle \left(L,\vee _{L},\wedge _{L}\right)} and ( M , ∨ M , ∧ M ) , {\displaystyle \left(M,\vee _{M},\wedge _{M}\right),} a lattice homomorphism from L to M is a func... | Lattice (order) | 0.79603 |
98,985 | Since MPT's introduction in 1952, many attempts have been made to improve the model, especially by using more realistic assumptions. Post-modern portfolio theory extends MPT by adopting non-normally distributed, asymmetric, and fat-tailed measures of risk. This helps with some of these problems, but not others. Black–L... | Modern Portfolio Theory | 0.79603 |
98,986 | In particular the orbit of A is isomorphic to U ( n ) / ( U ( n 1 ) × ⋯ × U ( n k ) ) . {\displaystyle \operatorname {U} (n)/\left(\operatorname {U} (n_{1})\times \cdots \times \operatorname {U} (n_{k})\right).} It is possible to generalize the construction of the Bloch ball to dimensions larger than 2, but the g... | Bloch sphere | 0.79603 |
98,987 | Whitehead's theorem says that for CW complexes, the homotopy equivalence is the same thing as the weak equivalence. 3. Whitehead group. | Chain homotopy equivalence | 0.79603 |
98,988 | Fisher separation theorem (corporation theory) - asserts that the objective of a corporation will be the maximization of its present value, regardless of the preferences of its shareholders. Mutual fund separation theorem (portfolio theory) states that, under certain conditions, any investor's optimal portfolio can be ... | Separation theorem | 0.79603 |
98,989 | Abrasive machining processes can be divided into two categories based on how the grains are applied to the workpiece. In bonded abrasive processes, the particles are held together within a matrix, and their combined shape determines the geometry of the finished workpiece. For example, in grinding the particles are bond... | Abrasive machining | 0.79603 |
98,990 | In new style analysis, coverage data file, with name tcovd, is created in .profile directory. This data can be analyzed using the tcov command and the name of a source file: for old style code coverage, tcov cov.c and for new style code coverage, tcov -x cov.profile cov.c the addition argument in new style analysis is ... | Tcov | 0.796029 |
98,991 | Journal of Statistical Physics. 38 (2): 97–114. Bibcode:1985JSP....38...97K. doi:10.1007/BF01017851. S2CID 120521834. | Isaak Khalatnikov | 0.796029 |
98,992 | Epicuticular wax has been used as a biomarker to observe human evolution patterns. These lipids of these plant waxes have been analyzed when extracted from ocean and lake cores, paleo-lake drilling projects, archeological and geological outcrops, cave deposits, and human-bearing sediments. This data provides insight in... | Epicuticular wax | 0.796029 |
98,993 | Threshold host density (NT), in the context of wildlife disease ecology, refers to the concentration of a population of a particular organism as it relates to disease. Specifically, the threshold host density (NT) of a species refers to the minimum concentration of individuals necessary to sustain a given disease withi... | Threshold host density | 0.796029 |
98,994 | A closely related method is, if the field is algebraically closed, to work with the Jordan form of X. Suppose that X = PJP−1 where J is the Jordan form of X. Then Also, since Therefore, we need only know how to compute the matrix exponential of a Jordan block. But each Jordan block is of the form where N is a special n... | Matrix exponentiation | 0.796029 |
98,995 | Mary Shaw became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University. Adele Goldberg was one of developers of the Smalltalk language. Karen Spärck Jones was one of the pioneers of information retrieval and natural language processing. Sandra Kurtzig founded ASK Computer Systems, an early... | Timeline of women in computing | 0.796029 |
98,996 | The Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (Center for Astronomy of Heidelberg University) in Heidelberg, Germany, founded in 2005, is an association of three, formerly state-run research institutes: the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, the Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik (Institute for Theoretical Astr... | Center of Astronomy (Heidelberg University) | 0.796029 |
98,997 | The Gabriel–Popescu theorem states that any Grothendieck category A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} is equivalent to a Serre quotient of the form Mod ( R ) / B {\displaystyle \operatorname {Mod} (R)/{\cal {B}}} , where Mod ( R ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Mod} (R)} denotes the abelian category of right modules ov... | Quotient of an abelian category | 0.796028 |
98,998 | Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical theory used in physics and chemistry to investigate the properties and dynamics of many-body systems in the presence of time-dependent potentials, such as electric or magnetic fields. The effect of such fields on molecules and solids can be studie... | Time-dependent density functional theory | 0.796028 |
98,999 | Modern optics encompasses the areas of optical science and engineering that became popular in the 20th century. These areas of optical science typically relate to the electromagnetic or quantum properties of light but do include other topics. A major subfield of modern optics, quantum optics, deals with specifically qu... | Optics | 0.796028 |
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